San Giusto, Prato, Italy - Stratigraphy Analysis by Jie Ying

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x P R A T O . S A N G I U S T O

... Prato x San Giusto ...

I N D E X

1. INTRODUCTION 1 - 2 2. DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS 3 - 4 3. GROUND FIGURE - PRATO 5 - 6 4.

FIGURE GROUND - PRATO

7-8

GROUND FIGURE - SAN GIUSTO

9 - 10

FIGURE GROUND - SAN GIUSTO

11 - 12

7. LAND USE 13 - 14 8. RESIDENTIAL vs COMMERCIAL 15 - 18 9. RESIDENTIAL vs SOCIAL 19 - 20 10. BUILDING HEIGHT 21 - 22 11. ASPHALT PUBLIC vs PRIVATE 23 - 24 12. ASPHALT vs BUILT 25 - 26 13. TRANSPORTATION 27 - 28 14. TRANSPORTATION vs BUILT 29 - 30 15. GREEN 31 - 34 16. GREEN vs BUILT 35 - 36 17. GREEN vs ASPHALT 37 - 38 18. CONCLUSION 39

... Prato x San Giusto ...

I N T R O D U C T I O N

x P R A T O . S A N G I U S T O

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Introduction San Giusto is a fraction located in the southern area of the commune of Prato, in the province of Prato in the Toscana region. The fraction is 3,55 km far from the center of Prato. The province of Prato (PO) has a population of 256.071 inhabitants, with a density of 700,19 people per sq. km and it has a surface of 365,72 km2. The province of Prato is the second smallest province of Italy by geographical area, also considering the metropolitan cities. Legends:

The limits of San Giusto are the viale Leonardo Da Vinci in the North, the highway A11 in the South, via Roma in the East and, via Allende in the West.

Fig. 1: Map of Italy Fig. 2: Map of Tuscany Fig. 3: Map of Province of Prato

There are found 4 schools, 2 parish churches, 1 cinema, 6 big commerce such as Conad supermarket, Euro Spin, Coop and Maisons du Mond, 1 shopping mall, 2 soccer fields, 1 tennis field and 1 public swimming pool.

Scale 1 : 2500

D E M O G R A P H I C S T A T I S T I C S

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The graph below, called the Pyramid of the Ages, represents the distribution of the population residing in Prato by age, gender and marital status as of January 1st , 2018

Foreign population resident in the province of Prato on January 1st, 2018. Non-Italian citizens with a normal residence in Italy are considered foreign citizens.

Webliography: http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?QueryId=18561 http://italia.indettaglio.it/ita/toscana/prato_prato_sangiusto.html https://www.tuttitalia.it/toscana/provincia-di-prato/statistiche/popolazione-andamento-demografico/ 3

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Distribution of the foreign population by age and gender Below is the age pyramid with the distribution of the foreign population residing in Prato by age and gender as of January 1st , 2018 on ISTAT data.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

D E M O G R A P H I C S T A T I S T I C S

The largest foreign community is that coming from the People's Republic of China with 54.0% of all foreigners present in the territory, followed by Albania (11.5%) and Romania (8.9%).

Distribution by geographical area of â&#x20AC;&#x2039;â&#x20AC;&#x2039;citizenship Foreigners residing in Prato as of January 1st 2018 are 38,199 and represent 19.8% of the resident population.

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The Figure Ground Theory of urban design and urban morphology is based upon the use of figure ground studies. A figure ground illustrates a mass-to-void relationship, and analysis of it identifies a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fabricâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of urban structures. Frederick Gibberd was a proponent of reverse figure ground diagram, where the buildings are in white and the spaces black, to focus the perception of the designer upon the space as an object. This treatment of the space is a predominant factor in figure ground theory, which holds that in urban contexts that mostly comprise vertical structures such as apartment blocks and skyscrapers, the most often neglected feature of the design is ground plan, which figure ground studies bring the fore by emphasizing a two dimensional representation that structures space. WHITE=FIGURE= BUILT=VOID (Private) BLACK=GROUND=UNBUILT=SOLID (Public)

... Prato x San Giusto ...

G R O U N D F I G U R E

The white figure is the urbanization on of Prato while the black background represents the ground, the space which is unbuilt. Settlement of figures are irregular but mostly in grid organization and in cluster. Figures are following the nature boundary such as river and forest and artificial elements like highways and roads. The densest figure development starts sprawling adjacent to Fiume Bisenzio river, which is similar to many other city development which settlement started adjacent to river. The availability of water, food resources and transportation are the vital reasons for first settlement. Figures of Prato formed in clusters and ground can be seen spreading around the built areas. Most of the ground remain as green and for agricultural purpose and figures mostly are residential and commercial for example social houses and factories. Selected site, San Giusto (site with red border) is a building site which is less dense of built figures compared to other development area at Prato.

Scale 1 : 2500

... Prato x San Giusto ...

F I G U R E G R O U N D

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Figure Ground diagram shows the relationship between built and unbuilt space in a city development. It helps urban planners to analysis and develop of urban design and planning. Figure Ground Theory relates the amount of ‘figure’ to the amount of ‘ground’, and the approaches urban design as a manipulation of that relationship. BLACK=FIGURE= BUILT=SOLID (Private) WHITE=GROUND=UNBUILT=VOID (Public)

City Center Highways Public Roads

Scale 1 : 2500

The proportion of figure ground primary urban landscape components: plots, streets, constructed spaces and open spaces into a diagram of solid and void, can be manipulated to create different urban morphologies. The building mass (solid figures) at North East of Prato is greater than open spaces (void), spatial continuity is achieved through street walls and articulated public spaces, creating a mixed-use urban environment that fosters pedestrian activities. Based on figure ground plan of Prato, big solid masses which mostly represent as commerce for example factories and malls are integrated in between small solid mass which mostly are residential units. There is no clear division between the building uses planning and this created a unique figure ground plan of Prato.

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The ground figure map illustrates: WHITE=FIGURE=BUILT=VOID (Private) BLACK=GROUND=UNBUILT=SOLID (Public)

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G R O U N D F I G U R E

Distribution of building mass in San Giusto is less dense compared to other areas at Prato. Ground area have more coverage compared to built areas. The biggest ground area located at the central of San Giusto area and mainly are agriculture lands. Although ground is greater than built, however buildings are not disconnected. Building mass are sprawling around the central void and connected with streets and green. Figures formed in cluster and arranged in grid order and organized adjacent to urban landscape elements such as roads. Most of the building masses located along the highways and main public roads which connected Prato to other cities for example Pistoia and Firenze.

Scale 1 : 1250

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The figure ground map illustrates: BLACK=FIGURE= BUILT=SOLID (Private) WHITE= GROUND=UNBUILT=VOID (Public)

... Prato x San Giusto ...

F I G U R E G R O U N D

Settlement of figures are irregular but somehow following grid organization. The figures (solid) of San Giusto sprawling near the main public roads and highways which connected to other cities. This might due to the convenience of transportation. The figures (solid) at North West and South of San Giusto represented in bigger building masses which are commerces, school and factories. However, adjacent to all these big building masses, small figures which are residential areas are spreading around it. There is no clear division of building types at San Giusto or Prato. The central ground (void) area which is mostly are agricultural land, only consist of small cluster of built (solid). Most of the built scatter around the central of San Giusto are farmer houses or store room.

Scale 1 : 1250

U S E

... Prato x San Giusto ...

L A N D

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Legends: Residence Family Houses Residence High Rises Residence Rural Residence Walk-ups Social (Churches/ Schools/ Others) Social Theaters and Cinemas Work Commerce Work Factories Work Services Scale 1 : 1250

Land Use Mixed On the map it is observed that the predominant use on the area is work factories. It does not exist an specific area for work factories and for residence, there is no clear division between these both, it is also noticed how factories appear in the middle of a residence zone and vice verse. However, work factories located adjacent to residential areas might bring several negative effects, for example air pollution, noise and also heavy traffic passing through residential areas which threaten safety of children. The only residence areas where it is shown as an exclusion is the residence walk ups area, located in the northern of the area (square plan buildings) and another residence area in the southeast. There is a predominance of walk ups and high rises than family houses. Also, we find a balance between commerce and social spaces.

Residence High Rises

Residence Walk-ups

Work Commerce

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Residence Family Houses

Social (Churches)

Work Factories

Social (Schools)

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R E S I D E N T I A L v C s O M M E R C I A L

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Residence vs Commerce

Legends: Residential Commercial

Scale 1 : 1250

It is observed that the commerce areas are well distribute around San Giusto. A a big shopping mall, Parco Prato is located in the northern area and there are some supermarkets around the whole area between the residences. This is a positive feature that brings comfort and convenience to people. However, at south-east area of San Giusto, the distribution of commercials are insufficient for the two big cluster of residential areas. There is only restaurants at south-east area and not even market for groceries.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

R E S I D E N T I A L v S s O C I A L

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Residence vs Social

Legends: Residential Social

Scale 1 : 1250

There are found 4 schools, 2 parish churches, 1 cinema, 6 big commerces, 1 shopping mall, 2 soccer fields, 1 tennis field and 1 public swimming pool. However, other than schools, churches and sport areas, although there are parks with simple benches and playground for children but still missing of well-designed square or gathering area for daily socialization. Less usage of the gathering space then make it become an abandon space and maintenance problem might be the main issue of gathering space.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

B U I L D I N G

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H E I G H T

Building Height

Legends: One Storey Two Storey Three Storey Four Storey Five Storey or More

Scale 1 : 1250

The majority of the buildings on the area are two stories high where are included family houses and factories. It is following the one storey classification where are included all the residenceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s warehouses, some factories and small commerce. Then, by third position, there are the three and four stories where are found walk ups residences. And, at the last there are the five or more stories where are found all the high-rises and towers from factories. On the areas where four and five or more stories are located immediately next to one and two stories, these last ones could be concern, not receiving enough sunlight, being colder on winter period, and being affected by air stream. In the northwest area, are located in a spacious field four stories buildings which are identified as a big commerce, a shopping mall and walk up residence, here the wind affect creating flows around the buildings.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

A S P H A L T P U B L I C v P s R I V A T E

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Public-Private Asphalt The map illustrates the existence of asphalt texture in two subtitles as public and private asphalt. Public asphalt includes all highways, roads, streets, parking lots, and areas around public spaces like shopping malls. On the other hand, private asphalt thought as reaching ways to residence blocks. While public asphalt provides transportation to different kind of locations and used by majority of population, private asphalt branches out from public asphalt and serves as connection to specific destinations. Legends: ASPHALT PUBLIC Public Asphalt ASPHALT PRIVATE Private Asphalt

Scale 1 : 1250

Public asphalts are connected from one to another, forming a circulation route within the city. However, private asphalt is found isolated and having dead-end at neighbourhood area. This is to provide a transportation free environment around neighbourhood area and also provide a safer environment for residents and children to walk and play around neighbourhood area.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

A S P H A L T v s

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B U I L T

Asphalt-Built

Legends: ASPHALT Asphalt BUILT Built

Scale 1 : 1250

Asphalt areas specify all the public and private roads together with parking lots and the areas that surround buildings such as asphalt courtyards and pedestrian ways reaching to the buildings, and it is demonstrated with grey color. Built areas represent all man-made structures and buildings located in the area and demonstrated with pink color. Strong relationship between asphalt and built areas can be seen on the map. Asphalt sprawls through the zones with high density of structures and built, on the contrary unbuilt open spaces and green areas with less asphalt. In San Giusto area, asphalt and built are found concentrated at the side and surrounded the green. Also, asphalt and built are formed in clustered organization with grid arrangement.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

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RIMINI 2

PERTINI 2

DI GELLO 3 DA VINCI 2

REGGIANA 1

REGGIANA 3 NENNI PARCHEGGIO 2 DI SAN GIUSTO 3

PLESSO SCOLASTICO VIA REGGIANA

REGGIANA 7 DI SAN GIUSTO 5

DI MEZZO 1

SOCCORSO

TURCHIA PORTELLA DELLA GINESTRA

DI SAN GIUSTO 7

ROMA 5

S.GIUSTO

ROMA 7

S.GIUSTO 2

PONTALTO

GRIGNANO 1 S.GIUSTO 4

CAVA 9

CAVA 7

ROMA 9 DE RUGGIERO 2 CAVA 5

DE RUGGIERO 4

S.BARTOLOMEO

CAVA 3

GRIGNANO 3

CAVA 6

CAVA 1 ROMA 11

LEOPARDI

Legend of Bus Routes

Legends:

LINEA LAM ROSSA LINEA LAM AZZURRA LINEA LAM ARANCIO

LINEA LineaLAM LAMROSSA Rossa

LINEA AUTOBUS 9

LINEA LineaLAM LAMAZZURRA Azzurra

LINEA AUTOBUS 12

LINEA LineaLAM LAMARANCIO Arancio

Parking Lots PARKING LOTS

LINEA LineaAUTOBUS Autobus 9 9

Gas STATIONS Stations GAS

LineaAUTOBUS Autobus 1212 LINEA

BusSTOPS Stops BUS

Transportation (Bus routes, Bus stops, Parking lots, Gas stations) Public transportation in the area includes Linea Lam Rossa, Azzurra, Arancio, and bus number 9 and 12 from Prato Centrale. Bus routes travel through the main streets and pass through the places such as residential, social and commercial areas . Parking lots are located around big commercial places, side parts of roads/streets, and around residential areas. However, during the site visit at San Giusto, there was difficulties for visitors who are not familiar with the area to find buses which travel from San Giusto area to Prato Centrale. Bus stops were found in several spots but not connected to Prato Centrale.

PARKING LOTS

Scale 1 : 1250

GAS STATIONS

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T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

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v B s U I L T Legends:

LINEA LineaLAM LAMROSSA Rossa LINEA LineaLAM LAMAZZURRA Azzurra LINEA LineaLAM LAMARANCIO Arancio LINEA LineaAUTOBUS Autobus 9 9

LineaAUTOBUS Autobus 1212 LINEA Built PARKING LOTS

Transportation vs Built Built areas are the primary element for determining the public transportation routes for the facilitating of human flow. As a result, low density construction areas are far from the bus routes and bus stops, while high density areas are closer to more than one bus routes in some places. Of course the more convenience of public transports to the specific area, the more the human flow.

GAS STATIONS BUS STOPS

Scale 1 : 1250

... Prato x San Giusto ...

G R E E N

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Legends: Agriculture Infrastructure Neighbourhood Private Private Facing Public Public Riverside Sport Unused Woods

Scale 1 : 1250

Green Distribution of green areas at San Giusto is spreading evenly and most of the agriculture distributed at the center and south of San Giusto. Green infrastructure for example traffic circles located at high traffic flow junctions of residential and commercial area. Neighbourhood parks distribute around the social housing and residential areas for residences recreation activities. Public parks also found near residential area and some public park comes with green sport facilities for example small soccer field. Private garden normally surrounded with fences and it might located at residential and some commercial areas. For private garden facing public, it normally along the roadside but with fences around it. There is no riverside green at San Giusto area. Unused green found near agriculture areas and adjacent to highway at San Giusto. Woods or small jungle only distributed at small area at San Giusto which normally near public park.

Sport - soccer

Public green

Neighbourhood green with playground

Infrastructure green

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Private green facing public

Unused green

Neighbourhhod green

Agriculture

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G R E E N

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B U I L T

GREEN vs BUILT

Legends: Green Built

Scale 1 : 1250

Coverage of green at San Giusto is more than built area. Largest green areas are located at the center of San Giusto area which mainly is agriculture. Also, green integrated between built areas as neighbourhood park, private garden and others. Integration of green areas and built areas are important as built areas are impermeable to water and green always needed for absorption of excessive rain water. Green also important to provide view, shade and absorb heat which reflected by buildings and asphalt.

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G R E E N

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A S P H A L T

Green vs Asphalt Legends: Green Asphalt

Scale 1 : 1250

Asphalt creates connection between built areas and green. In green areas, only a few narrow asphalts crossing through the green to provide direct connection between green and two ends of green. Connection asphalt between the green helps the transportation of crops in agriculture green. Green areas should be protected and avoid unnecessary artificial built asphalt as green is important for excessive water absorption and reduction of heat island effect.

... Prato x San Giusto ...

C O N C L U S I O N

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Conclusion As it is seen on this stratigraphic analysis, San Giusto has a good proportion between the green and built areas. It is accessible by car but not so convenience by public transportation, consequently this is an opportunity to improve the lines of public transportation in the area, to have a better description of routes and to increase the line routes to the area. Also, there is a lack of pedestrian and bicycle paths near factories and some residence which let San Giusto not being an accessible area for everyone. One proposal is to have new bicycle and pedestrian paths that connect different points in the whole area. There is a radial concentration of buildings in San Giusto letting in the center most of the green spaces. Also, it is seen that most of the green spaces are very big areas without any maintenance, even though to have a bigger percentage of natural areas than built ones is a positive fact, having neglected the green spaces could raise insecurity. For this reason, it is proposed to improve some green spaces in diverse points near residences to provide people well designed areas for gathering. Some areas in San Giusto does not have access to commerce as grocery shops nearby. To favor people, it is proposed a small grocery shop on the areas where is missing. It is seen that it does not exist a clear division between residence and factories areas which means the quality of life could be decreased.

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