ALIVE - Tailored housing from modularity and tradition. Rethinking Pattern Language and Open System by Jie Ying

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ALIVE Tailored Housing from Modularity and Tradition Rethinking Pattern Language and Open System in Malaysia

Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree Thesis

iCad - International Course on Architectural Design

Written by

TAN JIE YING with

PROF. GIUSEPPE RIDOLFI, PhD

ITALY

UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE 2020

ABSTRACT

01.

01. Issue of modularity. Rethink the modular 02. Malaysia Pattern Language

05. - 07.

03. How to customize your own house? 04. Site analysis and site plan

06. Isometric exploded

08.Visual presentation images

11. Bibliography

19. - 25.

26.

07. Construction details and materials

10. Acknowledgement

08. - 14.

15. - 18.

05. Architecture development & drawings

09. Physical model images

02. - 04.

27. - 28.

29. - 30. 31. - 35. 36.

37.

NDEX //

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ABSTRACT In this 21-century, most of the residential houses are still designed in fixed composition, built with mass production and took years to complete. People might think the flexibility of customization on technology devices such as computer, cars are not applicable on housing development. With general perception on residential development, people are not able to customized openings of the house, rooms required or even building materials before the construction. Consumers do not participate in architecture design process and decide what they want, but spending money to get a ready built house which designed by architect. Residents with different culture, family composition and living habits adapt to the architecture spaces differently. There is no design can be addressed through ‘one design fits all’. ‘Future architecture must be changeable, adaptable and capable of meeting the changing requirements of the contemporary age. In order to reflect dynamic reality, what is needed is not a fixed, static function, but rather one, which is capable of undergoing metabolic changes. We must stop thinking in terms of function and form, and think instead in terms of space and changeable function.’ Kenzo Tange (Lin, 2010) Besides flexibility, architecture and spaces should adapt to site and cultures. Malaysia Pattern Language is presented based on Malaysia’s characteristics with the reference of ‘A Pattern Language’ by Christopher Alexander. ‘Malaysia Pattern Language’ is intended to provide consumers in Malaysia with alternative to participate and customize their own architecture spaces, but not adapted or modified to ready built spaces. ‘Malaysia Pattern Language’ describes the detailed patterns for towns, neighbourhoods, buildings, gardens, rooms, materials and construction which practical and efficient to apply in Malaysia’s tropical weather and multicultural environment. Consumers can use these patterns to create their own ideal living space in Malaysia. A module of 1.6 meter is created on the reference of popular architecture feature in Malaysia, which is Malaysia pattern language number 15: ‘Five-foot way’. Five-foot way is similar to arcade. The name of fivefoot way originated from the width of the passageway. It is first created to adapt to Malaysia local climate, which is to shield pedestrians from sun and rain. Based on this concept of Five-foot way - 1.6 meter, spaces, roof, volume, openings, corridors and landscape are created based on the multiples of 1.6 meter. A grid of 6(1600mm) x 8(1600mm) is the invariable in the design, to guide people on the organization of spaces. People are free to arrange and having addition or reduction of space within the grid 6(1600mm) x 8(1600mm). 6 Wall Panels and 12 Roof Panels are created to form 8 Basic Modules which create numerous of combination and flexibility in customization. Facing - Entrance and Rear Modules always in 4 or 6 Rows. Interior Spaces Modules are free and flexible to be arranged in single modules or with combination. Further information are available in the following discussion in this book. ‘Rethink the modular’, keep modularity yet allow individuality. We require greater flexibility, so as architecture, which acts and metabolizes as nature does. Architecture is ALIVE.

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01. Issue of modularity. Rethink the modular The earliest prefabricated building components started manufactured in mother land and shipped to worldwide during British colonization. The immense example of prefabrication is Crystal Palace, a Britain’s Great Exhibition of 1851, by Sir Joseph Paxton. It was design in less than two weeks, using light and cheap materials, for example wood, glass, iron. The overall construction only took a few months with the assembling of prefabricated component on site. After the exhibition, the palace was taken apart, piece by piece, and moved to another location. Prefabrication of Crystal Palace is an evolution of architecture, it changed people’s perception about architecture from static, permanent to temporary and movable. ‘While serial production makes for low-cost housing, it need not make for uniformity. Standard components were used throughout, no two houses are alike. Each occupant will have the house of his choice, built to suit his taste, his personality, his feelings. The horrible rows of identical houses are no longer necessary.’ (Lived-in Architecture, 1972, Boudon) With rational construction and flexible design on standard components, prefabrication can be personalized and used for permanent living spaces or even large scale projects such as public housing projects, office, hospital, hotels and others. Standardization of prefabrication does not mean identical, standard components with flexible design and arrangement, prefabrication can be personalized too. Andrew Rabeneck, David Sheppard and Peter Town published two articles related to flexibility and adaptability. The articled entitled ‘Housing Flexibility’ (1973) and ‘Housing Flexibility/Adaptability?’ (1974). ‘Flexibility’ is proposed against ‘tight-fit functionalism’. They introduced the term ‘tight-fit functionalism’ that refers to the unhealthy situation of mass housing in the twentieth century of Europe. They explain it as miniaturized living areas with the cell types rooms which do not allow any changes. Rabeneck, Sheppard and Town involve the scope of flexibility in housing project. They see flexibility as a tool to make the minimal housing environments capable of offering for ‘choice and ‘personalization. (Rabeneck, Sheppard & Town, 1974) Flexibility can also be defined or classified to three categories, relating to the amount of change which occurs and the degree of permanence of changes: Adaptability Adaptability can be defined as the function of the building changes but not the building structure. A building which adapt and support multiple functions without altering the architecture. For example, repositioned of furniture, multi-function spaces and others which do not result in a permanent change to the space. Transformability Transformability responses to certain stimuli without changing the architecture or without the need of new construction in interior or exterior space. The changes can be permanent or temporary. There are two sub-sets of transformability, movability and responsiveness. For movability, without being changed or altered in major, moveable structures can be repositioned within the environment. Responsive structures reacts to external stimuli such as weather conditions and normally the changes are temporary. Convertibility Convertibility involves certain amount of construction work in changing the function of a building. The changes often are permanent. Therefore, planning is vital for convertibility in design stage so the potential future needs able to be assessed, time and cost can be reduced. For example, sufficient spaces are planned for additional buildings, providing foundations and over-sizing services which allowed for future expansion.

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Fig. 01 : Mass production always required to be industrialized and standardized, which not leaving enough space to the customization and personalization on design.

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Mass housing supply, which makes the houses more affordable, has its limitation. The restricted planning of terrace house often resulted in the extension of buildings into the maximum setback space by the owner in order to increase the living space. One expert explained that this phenomenon was regarded as a resident’s freedom of self-transformation and also showed one of the reasons for the general preference for terrace house. (Seo Ryeung Ju & Sabri bin Omar, 2010) Not all specific needs can be addressed through ‘one design fits all’. An emerging culture, which has been acknowledged by the President of Malaysian Institute of Architects, is the growing culture of renovation among Malaysian residents, the moment they obtain possession of the house. This statement was further supported by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government that home renovation has become a ‘culture’ which needs to be addressed by professionals (Omar, Endut, Saruwono, 2012). Residents decided going to live ‘actively’. In doing so they showed what living in a house really is: an activity. They took what had been offered to them and worked on it, converted it, added to it. What did they add? Their needs. (Lived-in Architecture, Philippe Boudon) Hanson discusses that a house is a dynamic structure which grows and changes in size and configuration according to the change in the household (Hanson, 1998). The needs and ability of the residents also changes in time as they age. Any changes in household needs and values create ‘housing stress’ which residents must respond to (Bell, Greene, Fisher, & Baum, 2001). In general there are two form of coping mechanism which can be identified for residents to manage the inadequacy due to the house design. Some manage the ‘stress’ by actively addressing it through making physical renovation while others take the passive way of adapting one’s self to the house. (Omar, Endut, Saruwono, 2012). Mohd Jusan (2007) pointed out that homeowners renovate the homes in order to increase congruence with their home environment. In their study on house modification, Omar et. al (2010) identified renovation works were carried out using several method which are increasing the size (addition or extension), reduction of size (removal or division) or relocation of spaces. An increase in dwelling size has been a common practice and is the most preferred method of modification (Omar, Endut, & Saruwono, 2012). By enlarging the house, the quality of living environment will be greatly improved. In Malaysia, residents are allowed to renovate their property like terrace houses to fulfill their own preference as long as they can comply to the building codes and regulations. However, with the modification of terrace houses by individual residents, the overall uniformity of terrace houses were destroy. Not only on aesthetic value, these modifications might bring fire safety problem to the houses due to the maximize built area to building setback. Besides, modified terrace house with different height to adjacent house also affect the natural lighting and ventilation of neighbour house. Also there is owner renovated brand new built terrace house to fulfill their ideal house initiative. Of course, this is not environmental friendly and wasting of resources. Therefore, instead of renovate houses after lived-in space, why not customize your own ideal home with prefabrication before the construction of the house? Fig. 02 & 03 : Modification of terrace houses in Malaysia

Fig. 02 ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 04.

Fig. 03

Fig. 04 : Malaysia Pattern Language

MALAYSIA PATTERN LANGUAGES

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[TOWNS] 01. Independent regions 02. Agricultural valleys 03. Mosaic of subcultures 04. Nine percent parking 05. Activity nodes 06. Housing in between 07. Hawkers Center 08. Public transport and access 09. Web of drones [BUILDINGS] 10. Access to water 11. Green street 12. Accessible green 13. Building oriented to correct direction 14. Building oriented to prevailing wind 15. Five-foot way 16. Short passages 17. Flexibility for extension 18. Glare controls 19. Openness 20. Moisture proof 21. Good drainage system 22. Large roof eaves 23. Raised on stilts 24. Renewable energy [Construction] 25. Entrance transition 26. Courtyards which live 27. Sunny Place 28. Light on two sides of every room 29. Sleeping to East 30. Zen view 31. Six-foot Balcony 32. Fully openable windows 33. Steeply sloping roof 34. Gaps between overlapping roof eaves 35. Gables fitted with screens 36. Low thermal capacity materials 37. Floor surface 38. Timber dowels and wedges 39. Air-vent 40. Ornament

02. Malaysia Pattern Language A booklet extension , ‘Malaysia Pattern Language’ is written based on reference of ‘A Pattern Language’ by Christopher Alexander. With the knowledge from Alexander, patterns are massaged and readopted to be suitable and applicable in tropical country, Malaysia. This book is intended to provide consumers in Malaysia with alternative to participate and customize their own architecture spaces, but not adapted or modified to ready built spaces. Malaysia is chosen as the research area to adopt the pattern language due to its prospect of multicultural environment, evolves different living habits and culture which create a big potential market for the use of pattern language. There are 40 pattern language was selected from towns, buildings, to construction. TOWNS 1. Independent regions (1) 2. Agricultural valleys (4) 3. Mosaic of subcultures (8) 4. Nine percent parking (22) 5. Activity nodes (30) 6. Housing in between (48) 7. Hawkers center 8. Public transport and access 9. Web of drones BUILDINGS 10. Access to water (25) 11. Green Street (51) 12. Accessible Green (60) 13. Building oriented to correct direction 14. Building oriented to prevailing wind 15. Five-Foot Way 16. Short Passages (132) 17. Flexibility for addition and reduction 18. Glare Controls 19. Openness 20. Damp proofing 21. Good drainage system 22. Large eaves 23. Raised on stilts 24. Renewable energy

* Reference pattern from ‘A Pattern Language’ by Christopher Alexander is cited in bracket () with number of pattern on book.

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CONSTRUCTION 25. Entrance transition (112) 26. Courtyards which live (115) 27. Sunny Place (161) 28. Light on two sides of every room (159) 29. Sleeping to the East (138) 30. Zen View (134) 31. Six-foot Balcony (167) 32. Fully Openable Windows 33. Steeply sloping roof 34. Gaps between overlapping roof eaves 35. Gables fitted with screens 36. Low thermal capacity materials 37. Floor Surface (233) 38. Timber dowels and wedges 39. Air-vent 40. Ornament (249) * For detail information please refer to the extension booklet ‘Malaysia Pattern Language’.

* Reference pattern from ‘A Pattern Language’ by Christopher Alexander is cited in bracket () with number of pattern on book.

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03. How to customize your own house? 1. First, a grid of 6(1600mm) x 8(1600mm) is provided. Spaces and modules can be arranged and combined in the provided grid with Five-foot Way grid rules. 2. There are 3 major type of roof typology and can be reflected and organized in varies of combination. 3. Number of people and space area determined and age group and disable people should be taken into notice while designing. 4. Consumer are able to tailor-made their community, which meaning they can choose the community and facilities which they prefer to be adjacent with. 5. Then, Malaysia Pattern language are selected to add values and characters to the design. Consumer is free to choose their own preferences from the 40 Malaysia Pattern Language provided. 6. All the openings can be designed in the multiples of x800mm. 7. Landscape, public corridors and roads also design based on the 1600mm grids. With staring from 400mm wide residential pedestrian street to 8000mm vehicle roads. 8. Spaces are flexible for addition and reduction. If family members grow, they can update from single person space to 2 bedrooms. It is also possible to add spaces in vertical direction, which is having ground and first floor.

* Important note : Why is the grid 1600mm? The 1600mm dimension originated from Five-foot Way architecture feature in shophouses Malaysia. Five-foot is approximate 1.6 meter. Fig. 05 : Five-foot Way (Kaki Lima) is similar to arcade. It is a roofed continuous walkways commonly found in front of shops and shophouses in Malaysia. The name of five-foot way originated from the width of the passageway. It shield pedestrians from sun and rain, as interaction space, resting place, extension of goods selling place, street food eating place and others. (Wikipedia, 2019)

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Legends 1 Person 2 People 3-4 People 5-8 People Green

How to Tailor-made your house? 01 6(1600) x 8(1600) Grids 02 Roof Typology & Combination 03 Area & Number of People 04 Tailor-made Communities 05 Malaysia Pattern Language 06 Opennings

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Rules of Five-Foot Way Grids

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6 Structural Wall Panels

There are 6 types of Structural wall panels which can make up all design in 8 basic modules. Panel height divided into 6.4 meter, 8.0 meter, and 9.6 meter. It comes in the width of 2 columns (3.2 meter) and 3 columns (4.8 meter). 12 Roof Panels

When 6 types of structural wall panels combine with roof panels, a module formed. Roof panels consist of 12 types, with different angles of slope which derive from different combination of wall panelsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; height. Roof Typology

After the combination of wall panels and roof panels, from roof typology we can found out 8 basic types of modules which can be used throughout the design. 8 Basic Modules

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Modules - Wall Panel with Roof Panel

Modules Combination

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Facing - Entrance / Rear Modules Combination

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Interior Spaces Modules Combination

Fig. 06 : Massing Modules

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04. Site analysis and site plan Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country occupying parts of the West Malaysia - Malay Peninsula and the East Malaysia - Borneo. Malaysia’s climate is categorized as equatorial, being hot and humid throughout the year. The average rainfall is 250 centimeters (98 in) a year and the average temperature is 27 °C. (Climates to Travel, 2019) Local climates are affected by the presence of mountain ranges throughout Malaysia, and climate can be divided into that of the highlands, the lowlands, and coastal regions. Malaysia’s geographical location protects the country from most major natural disasters. It is located on a seismically stable plate that minimizes direct risks of earthquakes and volcanoes, is partially protected from tsunamis by surrounding landmasses.

Fig. 07 : Asia Map

Malaysia faces two monsoon winds seasons, the Southwest Monsoon from late May to September, and the Northeast Monsoon from October to March. The Northeast Monsoon, originating in China and the north Pacific, brings in more rainfall compared to the Southwest Monsoon, which originates from the deserts of Australia. (Wikipedia, 2019)

Fig. 08 : Overall year Wind Rose Kuala Lumpur ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 15.

Southwest Monsoon from late May to September

Fig. 09 : June - September Wind Rose Kuala Lumpur

As Malaysia is tropical climate, which is hot and humid, wind is important in architecture design in Malaysia to provide ventilation. Monsoon not only bring in wind, also rainfall. Therefore, good drainage system is a vital too. Openings of building are advisable to be located to north and south location for better ventilation and to protect from direct sun penetration which will increase the room temperature.

Northeast Monsoon from October to March

Fig. 10 : October - March Wind Rose Kuala Lumpur ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 16.

Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia, has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. It has population density of 6696 inhabitants per kilometer (17,340 sqm). Major ethnic groups are Malays (44.7%), Chinese (43.2%), Indians (10.3%) and others. (World Population Review, 2019)

Fig. 11 : Malaysia Map

Fig. 12 : Selangor Map

The selected site, Sungai Semenyih is at Hulu Langat district, which is 31.9km away from Kuala Lumpur city center, linked with Kajang-Seremban highway. Sungai Semenyih is developing fast as a suburban area for residential and industry purpose to support high density of population and development at Kuala Lumpur city center. The recent opened MRT Sungai Buloh - Kajang line runs through area in this district. The selected site is currently small hill with wood, around 285m high. Surrounding landscape is also hilly, Hulu Langat highest peak is Mount Nuang (1,483m), there is a training ground for hikers and runners before they climb Mount Kinabalu or do a marathon.

100m

200m

Sungai Semenyih Location Plan ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 17.

Legends Pedestrian Road Electric Cart Road Vehicle Road

Legends 01 Cafe 02 Park 03 Study Room 04 Multipurpose Hall 05 Meeting Room 06 Bus Stop/ MRT Station 07 Playground 08 Sport Center 09 Elderly Center 10 Hawker Center 11 Community Center 12 Park 13 Playground 14 Childcare Center 15 Car Park 16 Electric Cart Service Area 17 Agriculture Area 18 Road Shoulder

0 15m 20m ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 18.

05. Architecture development & drawings Consumer can customize their own preference house with area they needed within the 6(1600mm) x 8(1600mm) grid. They also can enrich the design by adopting Malaysia Pattern Language. Several example of plans are shown below : Type A, Type B, Type C and others which suitable for single, couples and family. Fig. 12 : Malaysia Pattern Language

Fig. 13: Number of people & area suggestion

Type A

1600mm Grids (Type A)

Roof Typology (Type A)

Ground Floor Plan (Type A - Basic)

Roof Plan (Type A)

1.6m

3.2m

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Facing & Interior Modules (Type A)

Type A is the basic floor plan with 2 units : 1 person space (35.8m2) and 2 people space (53.8m2). Type Aa is the floor plan with 2 units, 2 people space (53.8m2) and 2-3 people space (46.1m2). Additional interior space module (type 1c) to 1 person space (35.8m2) and it becomes 2-3 people space (46.1m2). Type Ab is the floor plan with 2 units, 1 person space (35.8m2) and 3-4 people space (64.0m2). Additional interior space module (type 1c) to 2 people space and it becomes a 3-4 people space. (64.0 m2). Type Ac is a floor plan with 2 units, 1 person space (35.8m2) and 3-5 people space (117.7 m2). Additional interior space modules (type 1b + 1c + 2b) on vertical, which is creating 1st floor, make the original 2 people space in Type A become a 3-5 people space (117.7 m2). Type Ad (Dual-key) is a floor plan with 3 units, 1 person space (35.8m2) and 2 units of 2 people space (56.3m2) and (69.1m2). Additional interior space modules (3x type 1b + 2b) on vertical, which is creating 1st floor with another 2 people individual unit (69.1m2).

Type Aa & Ab

Roof Plan (Type Aa + Ab)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Aa)

Facing & Interior Space Modules (Type Aa)

Facing & Interior Space Modules (Type Ab)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ab) ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 20.

Type Ac

Roof Plan (Type Ac)

Facing & Interior Space Modules Ground Floor (Type Ac)

Facing & Interior Space Modules First Floor (Type Ac)

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ac)

First Floor Plan (Type Ac)

1.6m

3.2m

1.6m

3.2m

Type Ad

Roof Plan (Type Ad)

Facing & Interior Space Modules Ground Floor (Type Ad)

Facing & Interior Space Modules First Floor (Type Ad)

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ad)

First Floor Plan (Type Ad : Dual-Key)

1.6m

3.2m

1.6m

3.2m

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Type B

Roof Plan (Type B)

Roof Plan (Type Ba & Bb)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type B)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type Ba & Bb)

Type B is the basic floor plan with 2 units : 2 people space (51.2m2). Type Ba is the floor plan with 3 units, 2 units of 2 people space (51.2m2) and 1 person space (20.5m2). Additional interior space modules (2x type 1c) is adding to original empty green area. Type Bb is the floor plan with 3 units, 2 units of 2 people space (51.2m2) and 4 people office space (20.5m2). Additional interior space modules (2x type 1c) is adding to original empty green area.

Ground Floor Plan (Type B - Basic) Type Ba & Bb

1.6m

3.2m

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ba)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Bb)

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Type C Type C is the basic floor plan with 1 unit : 4 people space (102.4m2). Type Ca is the floor plan with 1 unit : 4-6 people space (112.6m2). Additional interior space modules with type 1c. Type Cb is the floor plan with 1 unit : 5-8 people space (156.2m2). Additional interior space modules with type 1c.

Roof Plan (Type C)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type C)

Type Ca & Cb

Roof Plan (Type Ca & Cb)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type Ca)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ca)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type C - Basic)

Facing & Interior Space Module Ground Floor (Type Cb)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Cb) ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 23.

Facing & Interior Space Module First Floor (Type Cb)

1.6m

3.2m

First Floor Plan (Type Cb)

Type D Type D is the basic floor plan with 2 units : 2 people space (61.4m2) and 1 person space (41.0m2). Type Da is the floor plan with 2 units : 3-4 people space (71.7m2) and 1 person space (41.0m2). Additional interior space modules with type 1c.

2 People 61.4 m2

Type Db is the floor plan with 2 units : 2 people space (61.4m2) and 2-3 people space (51.2m2). Additional interior space modules with type 1c.

1 Person 41.0 m2

Roof Plan (Type D)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type D)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type D - Basic)

Type Da & Db

Roof Plan (Type Da & Db) 0

1.6m

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type Da & Db) 0

3.2m

3-4 People

2 People

71.7 m2

61.4 m2

1 Person

2-3 People

41.0 m2

51.2 m2

Ground Floor Plan (Type Da)

1.6m

Ground Floor Plan (Type Db)

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3.2m

Type E Type E is the basic floor plan with 2 units : 3-4 people space (71.7m2) and 1 person space (35.8m2). Type Ea is the floor plan with 2 units : 3-4 people space (71.7m2) and 2 people space (46.1m2). Additional interior space modules with type 1c.

3-4 People 71.7 m2

Type Eb is the floor plan with 2 units : 4-6 people space (117.8m2) and 2 people space (46.1m2). Additional interior space modules with 3x type 1b.

1 Person 35.8 m2

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type E)

Roof Plan (Type E)

1.6m

3.2m

Ground Floor Plan (Type E - Basic)

Type Ea & Eb

Roof Plan (Type Ea & Eb)

Facing & Interior Space Module (Type Ea)

Facing & Interior Space Module Ground Floor (Type Eb)

Facing & Interior Space Module First Floor (Type Eb)

1.6m

3-4 People

4-6 People

71.7 m2

117.8 m2

2 People 46.1 m2

3.2m

2 People 46.1 m2

Ground Floor Plan (Type Ea)

Ground Floor Plan (Type Eb)

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First Floor Plan (Type Eb)

06. Isometric Exploded

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07. Construction Details and Materials Construction Details of Wood Shingles Roof with CLT - Cross Laminated Timber Panels Scale 1:20

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Main structural materials : CLT - Cross Laminated Timber Self-customized materials: Wall Cladding - Timber cladding, prefinished fibre cement panels, curtain walling and others. Roof - Wood shingles, clay roof tiles, asphalt roof shingles and others. CLT - Cross Laminated Timber

Cross-laminated timber is a wood panel product made from gluing layers of solid-sawn lumber together. Each layer of boards are usually oriented perpendicular to adjacent layers and glued on the wide faces of each board. CLT is Eco-friendly, thermal insulation, light building materials. Also, CLT has high design flexibility, can be prefabricated and used in walls, roof.

Wood Shingles

Wood shingles have a natural wood-like appearance. Reclaimed wood can be used for more environmental friendly option. Wood shingles in Malaysia normally made from belian wood, also known as Borneo ironwood. It can last at least 30 tears. Wood shingles are more expensive to installed compared to asphalt.

Clay roof tiles

Clay roof tiles is the most common roofing materials in Malaysia. They are produced by baking moulded clay in high temperature. Expected clay roof tiles can last for 100 years. Clay roof tiles are immune to insects and rot damage, fire retardant, low level of maintenance, environmental friendly and can regulate room temperature. Fig. 14 : Building perspective with materials

Clay roof tiles

Wood shingles

Prefinished fibre cement panels

Timber cladding ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 28.

08. Visual Presentation Images

South Elevation Scale 1:2000

Building Entrance View

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Buildings with site perspective view

Legends 01 Cafe 02 Park 03 Study Area 04 Multipurpose Hall 05 Meeting Room 06 Bus stop/ MRT Station 07 Playground 08 Sport Center 09 Elderly Center 10 Hawker Center 11 Community Center 12 Park 13 Playground 14 Childcare Center

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09. Physical Model Images

Facing - Entrance Rear Modules (2 columns)

Facing - Entrance Rear Modules (3 columns)

Interior Modules (2 columns)

Interior Modules (3 columns)

Modules combination

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Modules Combination Facing 01

Facing 02

Facing 03

Facing 04

Facing 05

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 40.9m2 (1 person)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 40.9m2 (1 person)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 40.9m2 (1 person)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 69.1m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 38.4m2 (1 person)

Area = 48.6m2 (2 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 107.5m2 (5-8 people)

Area = 92.1m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 38.4m2 (1 person)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 112.6m2 (5-8 people)

ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 32.

Modules Combination Facing 06

Facing 07

Facing 08

Area = 64.1m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 35.8m2 (1 person)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 35.8m2 (1 person)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 38.4m2 (1 person)

Area = 89.6m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 48.6m2 (2 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 112.6m2 (5-8 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 97.3m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Facing 09

Facing 10

Area = 48.6m2 (2 people)

Area = 51.2m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 35.8m2 (1 person)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 102.4m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 56.3m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 46.1m2 (2 people)

Area = 76.8m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 61.4m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 92.1m2 (3-4 people)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 66.6m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 38.4m2 (1 person)

Area = 53.8m2 (2/3 people)

Area = 38.4m2 (1 person)

ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 33.

Architecture Model North Facing

ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 34.

Architecture Model South Facing

ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 35.

10. Acknowledgement Hereby I would like to express my highest appreciation to my professor, Mr. Giuseppe Ridolfi, who guiding me through the process of completing this Master’s Degree Thesis: ‘ALIVE - Tailored housing from modularity and tradition. Rethinking Pattern Language and Open System in Malaysia’. During the 6 months of working on the thesis, from research to design development, Prof. Ridolfi has given a lot of advises and suggestion in the reviews. This thesis will not be able to complete smoothly without his guidance. Nevertheless, thank you to my family in Malaysia who always provide support and encouragement to me. And my classmates and friends who willing to discuss and share their thoughts with me. It is only because of all the kind people and make this Master’s Degree Thesis be possible. Thank you.

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11. Bibliography Journals 1. Andrew Rabeneck, David Sheppard and Peter Town, (1973). Housing Flexibility? Architectural Design, 43. pg. 698-727. 2. Christopher Alexander, (1977). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford University Press. 3. Erdayu Os’hara Omar, Esmawee Endut & Masran Saruwono, (2012). Not Your Perfect Home? How Malaysian Homeowners Make It Works. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 42. 160, 350 – 360. 4. Philippe Boudon La Salle, (1972). Lived-in Architecture: Le Corbusier’s Pessac Revisited. MIT Press. 5. Seo Ryeung Ju & Saari Bin Omar, (2010). A Typology of Modern Housing in Malaysia. ResearchGate. 109119. 6. Zhongjie Lin, (2010) Kengzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement: Urban Utopias of Modern Japan. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Websites 7. Climates to Travel, Climate - Malaysia, 19 September 2019, https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/ malaysia 8. Designing Buildings Wiki, Design Flexibility, 20 December 2019, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ wiki/Design_flexibility 9. Wikipedia, Five foot way, 20 November 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_foot_way 10. Wikipedia, Geography of Malaysia, 17 September 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_ Malaysia 11. World Population Review, Kuala Lumpur Population 2020, 7 December 2019, http:// worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/kuala-lumpur-population/

ALIVE - Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition // 37.

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/// ALIVE Tailored housing from Modularity & Tradition

Rethinking Pattern Language and Open System in Malaysia