AIR 812999 JInxia Wang Wed 6:15pm
INTRUCTION
I am Loraine, a third year uni student currently majoring architecture in university of Melbourne.
My interests for architecture starts from a trip in Cambodia when I still in high school. The visit of magnificent Angkhor Wat temples inspire my interests in architecture, since then, architecture becomes a glamour filed which in my mind gives building a ever-lasting charm. For me, the building is no longer only design to facilitates or accommodate people’s life like people used to say.
During my two-years study of architecture, the design of architecture is like the process of creating a piece of artwork, however, it inevitably involves many tedious work like drawings and fabrication. It takes times if they are all hand-draw, hand-craft, especially in first year study, It becomes more efficient and effective when we start digital design, laser cutting, 3-d rhino modeling and CAD drawing are incredible time-saving and excellent in final outcomes..
This design studio is slightly different to my previous design studios. The digital design becomes more dominate and it also requires more digital tool technique. Grasshopper is main focus both in Conceptualisation design and digital fabrication. It is a new challenge for me also a way for me to explore more idea in design and improve ability.
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DIGITAL DESIGN AND FABRICATION Design earth Design Water OC tree Grasshopper
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A1 DESINGING FUTURE
Although there are many debates arise in the past yeas, It is a undeniable fact we as human beings are facing a severe situation that our infinite demand has excess the limit of nature resource. The issues also include population explosion and climate change which is inevitable that we have to encounter in the near future. Especially in architecture field, those issues addressed may provoke more issues in future in terms of people’s living quality. For instance, It may requires more housing in the future in order to accommodate people.
Design, including architecture, as indispensable practice part no only aim to prefigure the future but also potentially provides possible solution. Fry suggested the designing the future is more like the process of redirection and helps human to move towards to the sustainable future.
“As change has to be by design rather than chance, design has to be in the front-line of transformative action.�
CASE STUDY 1 Project name: Oslo airport Architect: Nordic office of architecture Project year: 2017 Adress: Oslo, Norway
This project is claimed to the world’s first airport to achieve BREEAM rating. The designing of this project involves many advanced and innovative designing theory in terms of material selection, on-site energy use and future planing. Firstly, the entire project uses natural materials. The new docks all use wood from Scandinavian forests. Recycled steel and special environmentally friendly concrete mixed with volcanic ash have also been used extensively. By choosing environmentally friendly materials, the building's carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced by dramatically. It is the first steps towards sustainable future by selecting renewable materials in architecture design project especially in this large commercial building. More significantly, in Nordic’s design, the sustainability principle runs through the entire design. The use of geothermal technology provides heating in winter combines with the use of snow from airports as a coolant in summer, the building’s energy demand is extremely low. It is an innovative and creative design by utilising as much feasible on-site energy as possible. The future population expansion is also a concern for Nordic design, the design is aim to increase the airport capacity from 19 million passengers to the estimated 30 million passenger capacity in the future. The design need to accommodate as many people as they may expect in the future and design in advance. Nordic’s design takes the development of public transportation under consideration which to some extent promote people’s use of public transportation.
CASE STUDY 2 Project name: Residential building Architect: Zaha Hadid Architect Project year: 2017 Address: Riviera Maya, Quintana Roo, Mexico This project seeks to design a intergraded new residential community while preserve local wildlife and natural ground in order to minimise the impact to the local ecology. It is originally designed to accommodate rapidly developing population in this area. This project has to solve the problems that how to design a high-density apartment building in this nature reserve. They designed elevated footpath in this case is designed to allow the residents move in and out easily from the woodland coast without disturbing the animals and plants on the ground. Zara brings her concern of surrounding environment into the design of project. This is vital in terms of protecting local ecology and proposing a design theory of the possibility of symbiosis between human and nature. Building and natural ecology can share the same place. No only design for current environment but also make potential change to future world by design. Zaha Hadid Architects establish a woodland nature reserve during this project. They rebuild coastal wetlands in order to protect and enhance mangrove lagoon. Those changes were what they brought to make long-lasting benefit to the environment and further development.
Background
A2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
Architecture developers from constructed craftsmanship to scales models and drawings in the previous historical process. In recent years, technological process enables the computer use more extensive, including architecture territory. Because architecture is a comprehensive field which innate involves analysis of problems and ideas of solving problems in design, therefore, it requires architects to have both analytical and creative capability during their design process. However, people makes mistakes, especially under incredible amount of information input. It becomes tedious work when searching and analysis information. Computers, on the other hand, has super rational and search ability which be a reliable partner to architect in assisting them with precedents and reference to deciding design ideas.
The computation allows the massive data to be easily analysis and evaluated which makes the architecture design more effective and efficient. It enriches the design representation and provides architects multiple ways to fabricate design. Parametric design provides an innovative and free ways for architects forming the initial ideas of design and allow them to chose the most suitable one. I think that when a final form formed by parametrisation is directly imagined by your brain and cannot be directly derived. The parametric design from this point of view is not just limited to streamlines or complex surfaces. After all, the result of parametric design can be: Everything is possible. But its source is very rational and logical.
CASE STUDY 1 Project name: Galaxy soho Architect: Zaha Hadid Architect Project year: 2012 Address: Bejing, China
This magnificent building is design by Zaha Hadid who is famous for parametric design. This building is a typical parametric design which involves streamlined surface and extensive use of curves and fillets. The projects has five continuous-flowing bodies linking together by bridges, coordinated with each other, and become a dead-end fluidity combination. On the ground floor of Soho there is no difference between front door and side door like usual building does. Visitors or pedestrians can access the building easily the fully open ground floor. In this case study, Parametric design took more considerations in functionality. It also allows the design to be more humanized and personalised. It becomes more adaptive to the convenience of modern lifestyles in terms of designing the circulation. It is undeniable that computation took a critical part in this project.
CASE STUDY 2
Project name: Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum Architect: Jean Nouvel Project year: 2017 Address: United Arab Emirates, Saadlyat island
The dome is the main defining feature in this building’s design concept. The repeated pattern various in sizes on the ceiling allows the light to penetrates from the roof to the interior space. The process to achieving this cinematic effect of “rain of sun” must involves many efforts of architect to define the perforation ratio of the dome. Computer aided technique helps designer to generates patterns in more free way without too much tedious work. Parametric design can simulate lighting effect in designing 8 different complex layers Ceiling. The data storage in computer memory allows designer to make alteration and optimise shading. The light intention, on the other hand can have a close relationship with building property. Final outcomes to this 180meters-diameter double dome provides horizontal outcomes and perfect radiation geometry which makes it one of the most innovative and challenging museum projects to be built in recent times.
Preliminary lighting simulation--definition of the lighting intention map-- inverse natural lighting--computing the dome perforation ratio--checking the dome configuration
A3 COMPOSITION AND GENERATION
The structure of architecture firm is start to shirt from compositional design to generative design under revolution of computation. Generic design can optimize the details, such as optimizing the structure and how to split the construction under digital software like Grasshopper. It provokes a new way of design thinking in architecture field. Brady introduces four approaches the computational designer are organised in architectural firm. The use of computational simulation tools can helps the architect to create more responsive designs and allow them to optimise design decision. However, there are argues arise in terms of the participation of generic design in architecture design among designers. The algorithm-based softwares may constrain architects’ design thinking to be only design building with appealing facade and appearance instead of taking functionality as a consideration into design. Through computation, the digital architectural design environment has both the ability to construct complex models of buildings and give performance feedback on these models
CASE STUDY 1 Project name: Water cube Architect: PTW Architect and ARUP Architect Project year: 2008 Address: Beijing, China
The building is a typical example of generative design. Digital simulation helps designer to precast and prefigure before actual fabrication especially designing the external building skin since the materials is a soft and irreqular. More significantly, the structure of the water cube is also optimised by algorithm-based digital design software. The digital design becomes a reliable assistant helping fabrication and structure design such as the number of the the bemas. It leaves the calculation to the digital softwares which makes the design more effective and efficient. The design of this project also involved the use of scripting which uses to create geometry.
structural frames optimieed
A4 CONCLUSION
In designing future, the algorithm-based deign software is a powerful analytical and searching tools which can bring revolutionary change to the whole structure of architecture firm. There are many architects continue exploring new way of designing thinking and apply the parametric design into their project.
A5 LEAARING OUTCOME
It is crucial for us to be master certain computation technique in order to adapt the rapid changes in this industry due to rapid development of computation. They are no only assist us to optimise the design outcome but also can helps us forming the initial idea of design. Allowing us to freely manipulate design ideas and complete our final outcome. In the meantime, it is also necessary to have critical thinking during whole designing process.
A6 ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
REFERENCE
Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–1 Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12 image, file:///Users/jinxiawang/Downloads/591c56e0e58ecee0fb0000c7-zaha-hadid-architects-reveal-ecological-residential-complex-for-the-mayan-riviera-photo.html image,file:///Users/jinxiawang/Downloads/508ee07a28ba0d7fe4000004.html Naim,,2016, https://yeswebim.wordpress.com/2015/04/13/bim-and-scripting-beijing-national-aquatics-center/ image, http://node15.vvvv.org/program/workshop/generative-design-algorithms http://www.gooood.hk/louvre-abu-dhabi-a-new-architectural-landmark-by-jean-nouvel.htm