Part I
The house of the future... The house of the future... The house of the future... The The house house of of the the future... future... The house of the future... The house of the future...
The East of England Plan
These Circles represent the area of land which would be occupied retrospectively by 83,000 and 27,000 new dwellings, assuming a density of 15 dwelling/hectare, which is the current average density of development in the County.
83K
Houses
27K Houses
Hertfordshire County diagram showing current Green Belt area and additional dwellings required by 2021 under The East of England Plan.
London Metropolitan Greenbelt
Hertfordshire
+ Aging Population
+ Fewer Occupants per Household
85 million UK
Population increase by new homes in in
SE
40% by 2050
by 2050
+
+ Net Migration
POLICY AND PROTECTION
Attitudes towards the Green Belt in the UK
8/10
against building on Greenbelt
3/10
make use of Greenbelt land
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE...
...FINDS ITSELF IN AN EXISTING ENVIRONMENT/COUNTRYSIDE
40% Green Belt
of new homes to be built on
Land Use & Development Opportunities
A 2
1 25
26 24
4
3
27
23
8
28
29 21
5
6
11
10
9
B
7
C
30 33
22 31
32
13
14
12
20
19
TWINNING LONDON BOROUGHS WITH GOLF COURSES IN THE GREEN BELT TO SOLVE LONDONS HOUSING CRISIS
18
17
15 16
MAPPING GREEN BELT USES
150 acres - average golf course area
Farmland
250 hr/ha (habitable rooms/hectare)
Woodland
1 000 000 new homes for London ~ 4000 hectares ~ 66 golf courses
e gs id in rk Ba
A. 78% Count ryside
1.1% Housing B.
C.
1.1% Golf Course
UK Land Use Char ts Highlighting the propor t ion of land allocated to Golfcourses and Hous ing
UK land covered by Golf Courses
1980s 100 000ha
2013 140 000ha
+ 40%
The UK has the 2nd highest density of Golf courses in the World, with the area of land covered by Golf Courses almost equaling the size of London.
A b ove : Pa g es f ro m A m e r i ca n 19 17 ‘Farm to Table’ plan linking urban and co u ntr ysi d e p osta l g r i d , a l l ow i ng fa rme rs to de l i ve r produce to c ity d we l l e rs by p ost.
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE...
...FINDS ITSELF IN AN EXISTING ENVIRONMENT/COUNTRYSIDE: M a kes n ew s pa ces f ro m ex i st i n g - w h e re t h ey h ave fa i l e d , b e e n co m p ro m i se d or si m pl y not found. Linking golf courses in the greenbelt with London Boroughs. Low labour intensive crops such as apple archards can be reinstated on the golf courses and the produced delivered to it’s assigned borough, thus blurring the theshold between rural and urban.
Farm buildings Industrial buildings
Hospital
2.2% Urban Built Up
- 70%
Airfield/Military
Cemetery
27 Camden 28 Islington 29 City of Westminster 30 Kensington & Chelsea 31 Wandsworth 32 Lambeth 33 Southwark
17.8% Urban non built up. Parks/rivers/Roads
Decrease in British Orchards
Quarry
Ilf or d
21 Hammersmith & Fulham 22 Houslow 23 Ealing 24 Hillingdon 25 Harrow 26 Brent
Pumping Station/Recycling Station
df or d
5 Redbridge 6 Barking & Dagenham 7 Havering 8 Hackney 9 City of London 10 Tower Hamlets 11 Newham 12 Lewisham 13 Greenwich 14 Bexley
Parkland
15 Bromley 16 Croydon 17 Sutton 18 Merton 19 Kingston Upon Thames 20 Richmond Upon Thames
W oo
1 Barnet 2 Enfield 3 Haringey 4 Waltham Forest
Golf Course
Case Study Sites th
Pa
Track
Track
Blackmore End
Path
Co Const & CP Bdy
Path
Hall Wood
St Lawrence's Church
N
(remains of)
Path
Path
1:10000 Plan Wheathampstead
War Meml
Path
Path Path
Possible AYOT ST LAWRENCE CP Sites for the development of
Satellite Garden Villages on the fringes of Wheathampstead, on Brownfield or Grey-field Sites with the potential for train transport into the city.
Ayot St Lawrence
th
Pa
Tk Path Pa
th
Path
Path
CP Bdy
Co & CP
Path
Nursery
t ns Co
Harepark Spring
Path
Track
Track
Lamer Wood
y Bd
KEY
k
Pa
Tr ac
Allot Gdns
th
k
Path
Tra c
Golf Course
th Pa
Golf Course
Car Park
Gustardwood Common
Disused Industrial Works
Hillgate Spring
Path
Path
Wheathamstead Railway Station Disused train stations with a potential of been reopened.
Round Spring
Gustardwood
Round Spring th
Pa
Lower Gustard Wood
Stocking Springs
Track Pa
th
Lamer Park Tra ck
Little Norfolk Wood
Great Norfolk Wood
Stocking Springs Co
Golf Course
Co t& ns CP
Track
Track
Marshallsheath Wood
th Pa
Path
Bd
Tk Path
y
Pa th
Path
th
Pa
Marshall's Heath Path
Tk
h at
P
Golf Course
Path
Track
Threegroves Wood
Path Path
Path
Mast
Tra ck
Path Track
th Pa
Path
Scratching Grove
Threegroves Wood
th Pa
Scratching Grove
Path
Golf Course
Threegroves Wood
Trac
Marshall's Heath
Path
th Pa
Track
k
Golf Course
Recreation Ground
k
c Tra
Path
Cherrytree Spring
Cherrytree Spring
Pa
th
th Pa
Tk
se
La
Pa
ne
th
(Tra c
Path
Path
Tk
The Folly
Sh ee pc ote
k)
Allot Gdns
Cherry Trees
La ne
Ro
Leasey
Path
Path Tk
Ppg Sta
Dis m a n tle
Leasey Bridge
d Rail
way
Pa
Robinson's Wood Ayot
G reenway
th
(Path)
Robinson's Wood
FB
Pa
th
Track
Tra c
th
k
Pa
th th
Pa
Ppg Sta
Sl
Path
Track
Mill Bridge
Key Plan
k
Pa
th Pa
WHEATHAMPSTEAD CP
Tra c
Mast
Pa th
Wheathampstead
Recreation
Path
Ground
Path
War Meml
Path
Path
Path
Path
k
Gray's Wood Trac k
Tra c
k
Track
Hitchin
Tra c
Marford Bridge
Allot Gdns
Tk
O AD
Tra c
k
Stevenage
R
O M
AN
R
Mast
Charlies Croft
Golf Course
yke
Hilltop View
Dev
il's D
David's Dingle
Pa
th
Welwyn Garden City
The Slad
Pa th
Path
Path
St Albans
Recreation Ground
Amwell
th
Little Piggotts Wood
Pa
Belgic Oppidum
Track
Pa
th
Hatfield
AD
AN
Hemmel Hempstead
RO
M
RO
Stocking Wood
Path
Mast
Disused stations across the county
Belgic Settlement ck
a Tr
Nomansland
th
k
c Tra
Pa
Case Study Area
Pa
th
Lamb's Grove
Pa
Path
th
a Tr
k
ck
c Tra
Meml Path
Coleman
Cricket
CONTINUING EXISTING TRENDS G rowth continues at i ts existing rate and pa ttern, with housing p r imarily on existing s i tes whe reve r found. This Scenario advocates the status quo, proposing that the County continue with its current approach, developing plots of all kinds as opportunity arises.
STAND ALONE GARDEN CITY The majority of the housing is assigned to a n ew Gard en City on the existing rail n etwo rk. This Scenario proposes the development of one major new settlement to accommodate most of the new housing, along with the jobs, infrastructure and amenities to support them.
BROWN-FIELD AND GREY-FIELD SITES Som e of t he hous i ng i s pl aced on l arge previ ous l y undevel oped s i tes. This Scenario advocates the development of both industrial brown-field sites, and commercial car parking sites, or ‘greyfields’.
TRANSPORT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT Som e of t he housi ng i s pl aced al ong transpor tati on nodes This Scenario advocates the development of housing within walking distance to existing rail and bus stations. This will require radical intensification of existing areas.
SETTLEMENT EXTENSIONS Som e of t he h o u sin g i s attac hed to exi sti n g sett l e m e nts a n d on G reen Be l t La n d . This Scenario proposes the distribution of new housing on the boundaries of existing settlements of all sizes, including towns, villages and hamlets.
SATELLITE (GARDEN) VILLAGES So me of th e h o u sin g i s a ss i g n e d to n ew v i l l a g es i n p rox i m i ty to ex i st i n g sett l eme nts. This Scenario envisages the development of new settlements of a small scale, some of which would provide an opportunity for farming and agriculture.
The proposal uses a com bi nat i on of st ratergi es to ensure m i nimu m u se of Gre e n b e lt La n d
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE...
... REACHES BEYOND IT’S LOCALITY: B r i d g i n g u r ba n a n d co u nt r ys i d e b o u n d a r i es. The proposal draws on a number of stratergies suggested in the planning doccument produced as a result of a design Compendium, produced by the University of Hertfordshire, thus ensureing minimum impact on greenbelt land.
TYPOLOGY
“I need storage space for my bike”
“I wish I could feel closer to nature”
“I’d like a kitchen big enough to cook a roast”
“I need more space for my growing Family” “I’d like to get to know my neighbours”
Individual dwellings stacked like Vertical
Communal work/office area
#4 #4 Outlook
TYPICAL LONDON TERRACE TYPOLOGY London terrace houses are often divided into a combination of flats and houses due to increasing prices. From the facade it is difficult to distinguish where one occupants dwelling begins and the others starts. Dwellings are often very small with little storage or entertaining space.
#3
External Terrace/ BBQ Area
Typical Living arrangements In london Houses
Town house Maisonett Flat Studio Room in a shared house
#2
#2 Outlook
#3 Outlook #1
Workshop space/ Shared kitchen for jam production/ Bike Store/ Laundry/
#1 Outlook
KEY Communal spaces N
TYPICAL GARDEN CITY TYPOLOGY ‘The main invention from the point of view of housing typology of the garden city was the independence of the building line from the street. The houses were turned on their lots to catch the sun and the view.’ ‘Howard tried to combine the Anglo-Saxon penchant for the single family house with its individual garden and the exciting volumetric of old European towns.’ Spiro Kostof, The City Shaped p76
WOOD LONDON “Spaghetti Junction” Stackable Tables
EARLY 1:100 MODELS Exploring tessellating stacking typology.
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE...
...IS NOT JUST FOR SLEEPING: A SENSE OF COMMUNITY IS NURTURED THROUGH THE TYPOLOGY - A MOVEMENT AWAY FROM HERTFORDSHIRE AS A ‘DORMITORY COUNTY’. Whilst personal space is modest in it’s proportions, generous spaces are allocated for communal functions which would usually be provided in high density accommodation, such as bike storage, workspaces and laundry facilities The typology takes the form of vertical terraces, where it is unclear from outside where the division between dwellings are. The radial orientation of the dwellings takes inspiration from Garden City Housing where houses are often independent from the street edge, turned on their plot in order to take advantage of the best view or geographical orientation.
SHARED SPACES
ELEVATION Highlighting the moving part of the partition wall.
KEY AXO
POSITION 1
POSITION 1
Dwelling A and B are occupied.
Dwelling A is unoccupied and wall and furniture push back to expand Dwelling B - providing a larger dining space.
TUE
MON
WED
THU
FRI
SAT
SUN
KEY KEY Working from Home
Working from Home
DWELLING A
Childcare at Home
Childcare at Home
DWELLING B
Work in the City
Work in the City
DINING SPACE
Position 1
Position 1 Position 2
Position 2
View from Dwelling A w hen it i s o ccu p i e d .
Vi ew f ro m D we l l i n g B w h e n D we l l i n g A i s o ccu p i e d .
Vi ew f ro m D we l l i n g A w h e n i t i s unoccupie d.
View from Dwe lling B whe n Dwe lling A is unoccupie d.
Pa r t i t i o n wa l l ca n b e se e n w i t h fo l d a b l e d i n i n g
Pa r t i t i o n wa l l h i n g es, c l os i n g re d u c i n g fl o o r a rea of
Pa r t of t h e wa ll a n d f u r n itu re ca n be swung in-
Wall hinges to reveal extra dining space.
table and integrated ki tc h e n .
d we llin g B
wa rd s d e c rea s in g t h e flo o r a rea of Dwelling A
EARLY 1:20 MODELS Exploring the connection and sharing of spaces between dwellings.
THE HOUSE OF THE FUTURE...
...IS NOT JUST FOR SLEEPING: WHEN WORKING FROM HOME IS NOT VIABLE, DWELLINGS WILL CONTACT AND EXPAND TO TAKING ADVANTAGE OF UNOCCUPIED SPACES. Hertfordshire is largely a dormitory town, whilst work spaces will be provided within the dwellings encouraging occupants to work from home, there will inevitably be times when this isn’t possible. The diagrams above explains how walls and furniture can be moved, creating flexible spaces which can be shared between households.