Photo 1 (Final Exam Hints) How does shutter speed effect a photograph? Examples of fast & slow shutters. What’s a fast shutter and what is a slow shutter. When you can “hand-hold” and when you need a tripod. How does the aperture effect a photograph? Effects of small and large apertures. Depth of field and how you control it. Know the standard aperture numbers. (f22, f11, f8, f5.6, f4, f2.8)
How does the ASA effect a photograph? Fast vs slow film. Size of grain vs sensitivity to light. 100 speed vs 400 speed. What is a camera, and know how do you identify and control a basic parts of a SLR? How do Shutter speed, aperture and ASA relate to each other? F-stops and the relationship to exposure. Sample Question: “If you adjust the aperture on your camera from f-5.6 to f-8 how much less light will enter the camera?” Answer: “1 f-stop or half as much light.” Be able to calculate exposure changes and f-stops. Sample Question: “You have a light reading of 5.6 @ 1/125 but you want to use 1/60. What should your aperture be to maintain the same exposure?” Answer: “f8 @ 1/60” Know the developing process for both film and paper. (i.e. sequence, times, what each chemical does.) Know darkroom techniques such as Dodging, burning, and using contrast filters. Make sure you can read a ruler and do the simple math required for mounting photos. Know the very basic Photoshop tools and what they do. Make sure you know a little something about: Ansel Adams : Great American photographer who photographed the mountains of the West and Yosemite National Park. Anne Leibovitz: Photographed mostly celebrities as she worked for Rolling Stone and Vanity Fair. Bruce Davidson: Portraits during the civil rights movement, poor people on E 100 St and on the NYC subway. Alfred Stieglitz: Father of “art” photography who took the photos called “Steerage” and helped Ansel Adams get his start.
There will be at least one question about each of the The 7 Elements of Art & Principles of Design. Please study them! Texture: Describes how the surface of something feels or looks. Line : Photographers use lines found mostly in nature to express themselves. There are straight lines, curved lines, sharp angles, organic and geometric lines that each effect our emotions differently. Value: Value refers to the areas of light and dark in any artwork. In Photography, the range of values is called CONTRAST. Color: No other element can influence our emotions more directly than color. Shape: Shape is usually defined by the other elements like line and value. Shapes can contain colors or values and can be literal or abstract. Shapes, and how they interact with each other, can create harmony or tension in your photo. Space: Space only exists in 3-dimensions. DEPTH OF FIELD is the photographer’s main tools for creating the illusion of space. The space around and between the shapes is called “Negative Space” and the objects themselves are “Positive Space”. Form: Think of FORM as being Shapes that are 3-D...but since our photos are flat, the ILLUSION of “3-D Shapes”. The 7 Principles of Design Balance: Composition that makes everything seem even and steady. Use it if you want to achieve a strong, comfortable, predictable composition. (Most common way to do this is with the TRIANGLE.) Emphasis: Focuses attention to a specific part of your work. The RULE OF THIRDS directs the viewer to the most interesting parts of your work. Symmetrical emphasis (Subject right in the middle) forces the viewer to compare.... front to back, Left to Right, Top to Bottom. Contrast / Variety: Variety is having elements of different size, shape, texture and value. all included in the composition. Pattern: Just as the word says, pattern is when elements are repeated again and again... creating a pattern. Unity: Unity makes a work of art feel complete and finished. All the elements seem to work together. Rhythm: Think of music... rhythm is a loose sort of pattern. It can change from piece to piece and everyone reacts to it differently. In art, rhythm is very much the same as in music. Like in music, HARMONY in art is the quality of having things fit together in a complimentary way. Different elements work together to make each element stronger. DISHARMONY is great if you are looking for irony or would like the elements to "fight" each other causing some tension. Movement: One of the most important things the artist can do is to direct the viewer's eye as it moves around the artwork. “S curves” are Happy, and “Leading Lines” are a great way to draw people into your photo