ORGANIZATION AND BEHAVIORS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Organizational structure and culture......................................................................................3 1.2 Relationship between an organization structure and culture.................................................5 1.3 There are various factors which affect the behavior of people at Marriott-..........................5 TASK 2UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP ................................................................................................................................6 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations.............6 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management..........................7 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations..............8 TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................9 1. How do leadership styles affect employee motivation? (3.1)..................................................9 2. Why should managers know about motivation? (3.3)...........................................................10 3. Outline and define Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy of Needs (3.2).....................................................11 4. Under Maslow’s theory what can chronic frustration of a person’s needs lead to (3.2)........11 5. Define and outline McGregor’s theory X and Y (3.2)...........................................................12 6. Outline Herzberg’s Hygiene theory (3.2)...............................................................................13 7. List Herzberg’s 6 motivations (3.2).......................................................................................13 8. Outline and define Vroom’s expectancy theory (3.2)............................................................14 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14 4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations..............................14 4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations..............................................................................................................................15 4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within an organization.................16 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................17
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IINTRODUCTION The organizational behaviors are crucial in today’s scenario. The culture and structure of company affects the behavior of people within the workplace (Waltz, 2009). The present report aims to explain the relationship between organizational structure and culture in context with Marks and Spencer. The British multinational retailer was founded in 1884. It is engaged into selling of home and food products, clothing, etc.
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The relationship between an organization structure and culture has been defined while assessing its impact on business performance. Further, a factor influencing the behavior of an individual at work has been identified while focusing of personality and traits. There are changing conceptions of the nature of management and leadership has been seen so the report presents the different approaches to management and leadership and its impact of organizational performance. Motivation has been seen as an important factor in all aspects of success therefore various motivation theories have been explained. Further, it has been explained that how organizational theory underpins the practice of management. To perform these tasks various evidences of real organizations have been shown in the report.
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1.1 Organizational structure and culture Table 1: Organization Structure Tall Flat Suitable for large and Suitable for small, large complex business enterprises. and newly formed business organizations. Managers have many ranks Few management levels but each have small area of but each have more and control (Ordiz and et.al., wide area of control. 2003). It has a long and single chain Focus on empowering of command. employees.
Hierarchical Suitable for large business requirements that have many functions. Employees are ranked at different levels and have greater span of control.
Authority is organized in the form of chain of command (Ahmad, 2009). It encourages self direction Specialized managers are and autonomy to tap appointed at important creative talent of designations. employees. flexible and better able to adapt to changes (McGinnis, 2014). Higher management rests the power to take decisions and orders follow from top to down.
Employees are expected to follow set procedures and have less say to provide new ideas. Less flexible and does not easily accept changes (Densten, 2008). Responsibilities are concentrated at the top and decision flow from top to down. Poor communication across Good communication Communication is good at different departments (Ashraf, among departments. departmental level but cross 2005). functional teams does not have good communication (Brewis, 2007). Marks and Spencer follows tall organizational structure given the size and scale of business. Decision power rests at the top and employees at the lower level follows the order. The structure is suitable for the business because it operates huge network of stores across multiple locations. So it must that there is a single chain of command for better order and management. Table 2: Organization Structure Centralized Suitable for organizations that still follow traditional methods of operations. Few senior officials retain the power for major responsibilities and decisions. Do not delegate TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
Decentralized Suitable for modern organizations. Power and authority is delegated from head office to local levels. EMAIL: help@instantassignmenthelp.com WEBSITE: www.instantassignmenthelp.com
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to local levels (Dailey, 2012). Greater control, consistent policies and standardized procedures. Branches are identical, so customer knows what to expect.
Flexibility in decision making at the local levels. Products and services are customized as per local levels.
FedEx organization is structure into hierarchal set up in which employees are ranked at different levels. It enjoys task culture wherein separate team are formed to compete various tasks. Microsoft, the technology company is structured into flat set up wherein management levels have wider span of control. It enjoys power culture to ensure business operations are strictly managed and overlook with least waste (The UK best companies, 2014). Organizational culture Table 3: Organizational Culture Power Culture Control is the key element at this type of organization (The Sunday time, 2014).
Role Culture Business activities are key elements. Individual are assigned specific jobs or roles. Decision making power Employees are involved in rests at few people only. decision making. Suitable for large and small organizations. Decisions are made quickly as there is no or less consultation. Marks and Spencer
Suitable for organizations. Collective making.
Task Culture Teams are formed in organizations to complete tasks.
Employees feel motivated as they are empowered to make decisions in team. allow creative problem solving (Ordiz and et,al., 2003). large Suitable for newly established and organizations that prefer creativity. decision Collective decision making.
enjoys power culture wherein decision power rests at few people
only. Employees are also involved in decision making in matters concerning to them. 1.2 Relationship between an organization structure and culture The relationship between organizational structure and culture defines the hierarchy and level of decision making at different levels. The two terms are very much in common to drive the management and employee behavior towards the attainment of goals. as structure clearly set the roles and responsibilities of employees and culture describes the way they behave in appropriate TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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manner to produce final business outcomes. Organizations that fail to clearly define structure and culture often fails at customer satisfaction and generating profitable business opportunities. The process of management, complaint system and management are directly linked with organizational structure. the structure also defines the way different departments of organization are linked with each other to ease the communication and coordination process (Ahmad, 2009). It is also important organizational structure and culture must match with each other to ease smooth execution of business activities. For example, a hierarchical structure will best suit with task culture to divide the various tasks among the teams formed. The teams will coordinate with each other and involve in decision making. The structure and culture both correspond to each other and are targeted towards achievement of common goals. Similarly, the power culture at Marks and Spencer will match with flat organization structure as decision making rests at the senior level that strictly monitors and controls business operations (Densten, 2008). 1.3 There are various factors which affect the behavior of people at Marks and SpencerAbilities and Skills- It is one of the most important factors that can easily influence any individual at workplace. People who have good grasping power, learning behavior can easily work efficiently as compared to people who are less skilled and with less abilities. Managers at Marks and Spencer also have big responsibilities to match the standard of people according to their work. Personality- This factor also influences individual at work place as there are various kinds of personalities in people like optimism/pessimism and all these things can easily affect any person. It is one of the most important duty of manager to analyze the personality of an individual and if he founds that personality of any individual is not good then various efforts should be made to improve that (McGinnis, 2014). Attitude- Different factors like family, society, etc can also affects a person in different manner. If a person is tension free than he will be able to complete all the task in most appropriate manner. So it is the duty of manager to understand all these factors and create positive environment in an organization (Ashraf, 2005).
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TASK 2UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations Leadership plays an important role in success of organization. In present scenarios it is all about designing a new way so that people can contribute in the organizational goals. On other words it is an art to motivate employees of an organization towards attaining common goals. Using effective leadership styles, a leader can encourage can help others to work enthusiastically for achieving goals. There are various leadership styles that are adopted by managers of different organizations to encourage their employees to work efficiently.
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Autocratic leadership: An autocratic leadership style is style in which leader takes all the decisions. It can be said that all the decision making powers are centralized in leaders. They do not involve the suggestions of employees or subordinates. However, the kind of leadership style is used at the place where employees do not any experience and they require supervision. As a positive aspect the leadership style is profitable to train new employees. But sometime it can reduce the employees' participation as they bee de- motivated. Let's have an example : Barchester Healthcare is the UK bases health-care organization and considered as 10th is top hundred companies (Zhang and Li, 2012). The leaders of business entity use autocratic style as employee need lots of supervision. It allows organization to take quick decision and considered as the best style that motivates the employees of Barchester. It is valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly and decisively.
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Participative leadership: This style is also called as demographic leadership style. The leaders who adopt this kind of leadership styles generally favor decision making by groups. The positive aspects pf such leadership is that leaders involve the suggestions of subordinates and employees. In this way people of an organization can be motivated positively towards common goals. The employees whether they are from top middle level or from upper level management can participate in decision making process by giving their suggestions. However, this leadership style can be used to organization whose employees are qualified and experienced. This style is considered good compared to autocratic leadership style. This helps leader in thinking on different ideas and take an optimal one. It increases the effectiveness of decisions (Downs, 2004). For an example : Marriott International hotel is the organization working in UK hospitality sector. In this industry it is very important to take the views of employees as they have direct connection with the customers. The management of Marriott hotel use participative leadership style. In this way , it involves employees in decision making process. Laisser-faire: In Laisser-faire leadership style, leader allows maximum freedom to the subordinates. The workers develop their own policies and methods of working. They are free to make target which provide them flexible environment in their work. Sometimes such leadership style can become risky for the leaders as they give authorities to employees fort making decision. This kind of leadership style is required where creative ideas are important (McIntyre, 2007). However, the people of such organization are highly motivated as they have control over their working. For example : Iceland Group is the global sales and marketing company for frozen food based on UK. It offers online services across the UK. The leaders and managers of Iceland use the Laisser-faire leadership style to encourage their workers towards achieving common goals. 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management Organization theories are crucial for business entities as they can influence the performance of companies in all aspects. These theories are used to study the interrelationship of corporate entities with their external and internal business environment. However, such theories are used to understand the organizational structure and culture but there are number of changes have been made in organizational theories and approaches so the role of mangers and leader can be understand in the organization and effectiveness can be introduced in organizational TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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operations. The roles of organizational theories are important in gaining business effectiveness and success. Management theories include different ideas and general rules that help managers at workplace. It helps managers in understanding the goals of organization (McLean, 2012). For an example : The companies develop their vision and use management theories to link it with organizational objectives. Addition to this. It helps managers in managing people in the organization and enhancing organizational effectiveness. They can plan their work according to achieve the goals in the best effective manner. This can reduce the wastage of resources and can provide better results to the organization. Using such theories at a same time will be helpful in motivating people towards the goals. There are different management theories such as classical, Neo- classical and bureaucratic theories. Classical theories are the oldest one that is dated back to the industrial revolution. These focuses on work planning, balance between authority and responsibility and logical behaviors at workplace (Barua, 2012). Neo-classical theories emphasis on developing better human relations with management therefore these are called as human relations theories. Both the theories are used at workplace to boost the efficiency. Management uses these theories because it helps in grooming their job practice and become successful in life. Although, it is difficult to use the theory in a particle scenario but managers need to create an environment to adopt such theories in corporate practices. For an example : the employees can understand the process of identifying the ways to achieve their goals. They follow a set structure to attain the goals. These theories also support management to make effective decisions for organization. Addition to this , the workforce can understand the need of change in change the structures and practices of company. In this way role of individual can be identify at workplace and management can interpret roles in terms of organizational theory. For an extant these theories can underpin the personal values of individuals at the workplace. Sometime the member of organization can disagree with the rule or regulation but they need to move away from their principles in order to manage their jobs effectively and professionally. However, it is difficult to execute both management and organizational theories for employees and employers but they need to maintain interrelation with their practices and organizational structure (Cabrera, 2006).
For this it is important that
employee treat the company fairly. Further the employers have to treat their employees in better manner. Therefore, it needs to develop a valuable organizational culture. TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations Human Behavior Approach Human behavior approach is also called as human relationship approach in which managers’ focus on dealing with employees in most effective manner. It says that employees have psychological needs rather than economic needs. Example : Softwire company based on UK is the example who use this kind of approach at workplace. All these organizations care for their employees and provide them passion and convenient facilities for working. This approach focuses towards employee’s behaviors and thinking about managers (Smith, 2003). However, the companies adopt this approach to create image in employees mind. And making good relations with them. For this kind of management the organizations adopt democratic or participate leadership styles. Social system approach According to social system approach management, people working in business create a social system that creates a link between internal and external environment. It focuses on developing a harmony between organizational goals and its employees. The business entities have a goal to conduct good relationship between them and their customer (Taber, 2010). Lets have an example : JW Merritt is the organization working in the hospitality industry uses social system approach. There are various departments in the business that works together for achieving goals. In this particular system the interest of all groups is to be inserted. In this way employees can be motivated to work effectively. Decision theory approach Decision making approach is used in the scenario where operations are very critical and needs proper systems and procedures. Addition to this approach can develop innovative ideas so that organizational effectiveness can be increased. However, it also provides suitable tools for decision making by covering entire human activities and macro conditions. For an example : Mark & Spencer adopts decision theory approach for gaining innovative ways to develop product and services (Allio, 2013). Management and employees together make plans to resolve the problem. Employees of the organization are provided information that can help in providing suitable solution for problems. TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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The contingency approach The contingency approach is considered as the best management approach finds one best way to manage the things. However, the approach depends of circumstances and situations. Although it is the one of best approaches but business entity need to develop understanding of constitutional variables and external factors. Organizational structure and management is to be developed as per environment and system of technology (Bergin, 2009). For an example : Next Ventures which is one of the top 100 companies in UK is the example of company which adopts contingency approach. The major aim behind adopting this approach is to find out the ways to manage work. This is considered as the new way of management. Further, the organizational that are newly established can use this particular approach for managing their operations. Overall it can be said that, contingency approach is the correct choice for management.
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TASK 3 1. How do leadership styles affect employee motivation? (3.1) To lead the people in a company whether it is large or small managers need to adopt various management styles. Such styles are crucial for success and achieving motivation at workplace. The major role of leader is to motivate people towards common goals. There are various styles of leadership that have been discussed in above tasks. Democratic leadership is the way to motivate employees in a positive manner while having their participation in decision making. A democratic leader allows employee’s suggestion and views on particular problem. They feel themselves as the part of organization and work efficiently to achieve the best results. On the other hand in laissez faire style managers delegate their responsibilities to the employees TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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and provide them changes to make their decision (Budd, 2014). They can work freely and can input their ideas and can complete the task their own way. The skills of workers can be developed through providing them opportunity to work as their own ways. While having responsibility to manager’s work, people can be motivated towards organizational goals. These are the ways to develop two-way communication between the managers and employees. The workers can share their issues and problems with managers and they can have proper solution. Leader follows the rules and regulations thus employees are motivated for following the same. In participative leadership styles the employees are considered as an important part of the organization that brings lots of motivation in the people. In this way they can be motivated for gather efficiency. 2. Why should managers know about motivation? (3.3) Motivation is a psychological process that is used for providing direction to people for better performance. The major function of managers is to get things done through employees. The managers need to motivate its employee for achieving organizational efficiency. The understanding of motivational theories enables managers to understand the factors that make an employee perform better (Cohen, 2001). The managers are provided with the tools manage people and their working. Employee retention is important for organization that can be achieved by managers. Motivated workers can be retained at work place for long time. In addition to that, motivation has a major an impact of employee’s performance. In case a worker is fully motivated he / she will perform well as will give 100 percent to job. Thus, organizational efficiency will also increase. The managers, who are not aware with the motivational theories, believe that financial incentives are the only way to motivate staff, buts such theories help them to understand the needs and wants of individual at the workplace. They need to identify the role of motivation at the workplace (Dion, 2012). Motivation is important in all aspects of success as without motivating people organizational goals cannot be achieved. Performance of individual can be increased through using motivational theories. Further, motivation helps in retaining talent pool at the workplace. Motivated employees can complete the task faster and at given time that reflects organizational efficiency. Therefore, for it can be said that managers should managers know about motivation and its theories as it can increase the individual as well as TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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organizational performance. It also helps in developing systems so that work can be done quickly. In this way organizational goals can be achieved through motivation. 3. Outline and define Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy of Needs (3.2) Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy of Needs is the famous theory that is also known as theory of human motivations. It says that employees can be motivated by satisfying their needs. It describes the stages of growth in human. Various needs of individuals have been divided into different levels. The lower needs are to be satisfied before higher needs (Edgar, 2007). These are formed in a pyramid to enlighten the fundamental level of motivation process. These needs are physiological, safety, social, self esteem and self actualization needs. Physiological needs: In the first stage, physiological needs are to be satisfied which includes all the physical requirements. These needs are foremost to survive such as: air water and food. Safety needs: After physiological needs, safety needs are to be satisfied. These are requires getting free from physical and emotional harm. It includes the needs such as providing safe environment for living, Job security, medical service and all (Ellington, 2007). The managers can satisfy such needs through providing better pay scales. Social needs: Social needs include recognition in marketplace and appraisal for performance. If the employee is performing well from other and is providing better results to the organization can get appraisal for his / her work. These needs are those related to interactions with others like: friendship, belongingness to a group, etc. Self esteem needs: Self esteem needs includes self respect, achievement, attention, recognition and reputation. Self actualization needs: These needs are at higher level of Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy. To achieve these needs' employee need to have skills to perform particular task in an appropriate manner (Rasche, 2011). 4. Under Maslow’s theory what can chronic frustration of a person’s needs lead to (3.2) Before using Maslow’s theory the managers need to identify the needs of people in the organization. The employees working at various levels have their individual needs ht area to be satisfied in a proper manner so that they can be motivated. The managers need to maintain better TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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relationships with people so that they can understand their needs. In case the needs of people cannot be satisfied they become de-motivated towards work. It affects their efficiency and performance may decrease. In case basic needs are not satisfied they may leave the jobs (Cooper, 2000). The individual looks for job security for this the employers should satisfy their safety needs. Better pay scales are to be provided to the people that they can improve their living standards. Under Maslow’s hierarchy theory first four needs are to be satisfied to make employee happy and motivated, otherwise they may leave the jobs. If they are not satisfied they will not perform well conflicts may be arisen at workplace.
In this, way overall efficiency of
organization can be decreased and it will not able to active the success and organizational goals. 5. Define and outline McGregor’s theory X and Y (3.2) McGregor’s theory X and Y has been developed by Douglas McGregor in 1960. This is the theory of human motivations which describe the models of workforce motivation. It defines the common and natural rules for managing people (Daft, 2010). There are two fundamental approaches have been presented in the theory that are related to manage the people at the workplace. Theory provides poor results whereas Theory Y has extraordinary results in terms of employee’s performance. Theory X ('authoritarian management' Theory Y ('participative management' style) style) Theory X says that the people are not Theory
Y
suggests
that
employees
are
motivated and they dislike the work. In this motivated and they like to work in the kind of situation the managers need to adopt organization. The managers need to use 'authoritarian management' style. Further, participative or democratic leadership styles. managers have to actively interfere to get Employees are self motivated and that are able things done (Darzi, 2008). As per this theory people are to be forced or punished to work towards organizational objectives. Therefore, leader has to be autocratic one.
to take responsibility (Forshaw, C., 2006). The employees working at lower levels are to be4 involved in decision making process. Delegation of authority is possible at workplace as the motivated employees always seek for opportunities.
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6. Outline Herzberg’s Hygiene theory (3.2) In order to understand the attitude and motivation of employees at the workplace Sir Frederick has giver the theory that named as Herzberg’s motivation or Hygiene two factor theories (Perkins, 2013). There are two types of factors that are explained in the theory that results satisfaction and dissatisfaction in employees. These all factors can motivate people for work well.
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Following points represent the factors of motivation and de-motivation as per Herzberg theory: Motivator: Motivates are the factors that provides positive satisfaction to the employees and motivate them to perform well. Such factors include company policy, supervision, employee relations, working conditions and salaries (Ranganayakulu, 2005). Hygiene factor: Hygiene factors are de-motivators for the employees, in absence of this factors employees can be deactivated. These are responsibility, growth, advancements and all (Forsyth, 2009). 7. List Herzberg’s 6 motivations (3.2) There are different motivation factors which are very much necessary for an organization to adopt because these factors not only boost the morale of employees but they also force them to work more efficiently and effectively. Some motivation factors areTOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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Sense of Personal Achievement- Each and every employee wants to feel a sense of personal achievement while working in organization because it fulfills his self actualization needs. It encourages employee to prove himself by working hard in organization (Singh, 2009). Responsibility- Providing important responsibility to employees will help them to feel that they are also one of the most important parts of an organization. It not only makes an employee proud but it also forces him to work hard in order to get promotion (Arrow, 2000). Promotion- Each and every employee works in an organization so that he or she can grow to get higher positions in company. Providing promotions as per the performances of employees will motivate them to work more hard. Further it will also encourage other employees to prove themselves in order to get promoted (Cooper, 2000). Growth- It is also important for company to provide regular growth to all their employees so that employee can be made satisfied. It will also help company to retain all employees which will increase their work performance (Andriopoulos, 2014). Status- It is one of the most important need that is also called as esteem. It is inner objective of every employee to get a respectable status in society so that all people can recognize him or her. So if organization will provide status to employees then they will work more efficiently and will e loyal to company. Challenging Work- Giving challenging to employees will create a sense of pride among them and will force them to complete that work with more efficiency. It is one of the most crucial motivating factors (Carnall, 2007). 8. Outline and define Vroom’s expectancy theory (3.2) Vroom's Expectancy theory is based on employee motivation. It says that the employees can be motivated by outcome that an individual wants in the form of reward. The theory is based on the approach that employee motivation is the result of outcome that an individual wants. The major aim of this theory is to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain. As per this theory there are various factors on which the employee’s performance is based (Kozlowski, 2009). These are such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. Following are the factors that influence employee perforce are: Expectancy – The beliefs of employees are referred as expectancy that they produce at the workplace to perform task. TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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Valence – Individual belief that task will generate significant benefits to them as well as organization (West, 2012). Instrumentality – The profitability of outcome of task will be as per the expectations of individuals who are performing the task.
TASK 4 4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations There are two types of groups in the organization such as formal and informal. Formal groups are created for doing specific task in the organization. Google is the organization which people are involved in more and more technical work. Formal groups are created to perform specific task whereas informal groups are to be created to perform normal task in the organization (Armstrong, 2003). Formal groups are formed for specific purpose therefore the time limit depends on the task. They have to follow specific norms and regulations. The performance of individual depends on his or her skills and behaviors of other in a team. There are five stages that reflect group behavior. Forming: This is the starting stage in which group formation in which people interact to each other. Storming: In this stage, comparatively clear structure of positions in the group emerges. Norming: This is the stage where people increase their sense of comradeship and develop close relationships. Performing: In this stage all the members perfume their duties to achieve aims of group. Adjourning: The effectiveness of groups is supposed to increase through the stages and people may leave after completion of task.
4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations Factors that promotes effective teamwork areDiversity- It is one of the most important factors that facilitate proper and effective teamwork in an organization. It is very important for Marriott to consider this in order to complete all their tasks in proper manner. This particular factor allows different people to work TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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with each other and it also help to bring innovation and breakthrough in companies. It allows employees to learn from each other that help organization to create learning and positive environment (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Communication- It is also one of the major factors that can help Marriot to establish effective teamwork. Clear communication among team members will allow them to help and understand each other in much better manner. They will be able to share their feelings and get proper support which s must in any company. People will be able to cover each other's weaknesses in order to bring out the best and appropriate results (French, 2011). Leadership- It is another factor that will allow Marriot to manage an effective teamwork. If team leader is efficient, then he will be able to guide and motivate employees in much better manner which will allow a team to work in perfect harmony (Hall, Torrington and Taylor, 2004). Factors that hinders team effectiveness areCo-relation- If the relation between employees is not good then they will not be able to work with each other in proper manner. It is one of the basic needs that are required in an effective team. Absence of this feature can make team fall apart so it is important for Marriott to consider this factor in an urgent manner (Hook and Foot, 2005). Diversity- It is those factors which create and hinders the effective teamwork. If more and more in team are from diverse group then they will not be able to understand each other and by the time they will know each other, time limit will be crossed. So Marriott should create diverse team but seeing this particular factor also. Lack of training- If employees are not given proper training then all the factors explained above will be failed completely. Without proper training, employees will not understand each other and will fail to perform task in an appropriate manner (Marchington and Armstrong, 2005) 4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within an organization Working within a team is one of the best way through which employees can perform all their tasks in an effective manner. In today's globalized world most of the companies nowadays are adopting different technologies in order to gain higher competitive advantage. Marriot is focused with the impact of information technology as it helps them in gaining team productivity. With the help of using latest and advanced technologies Marriot can easily provide better quality TOLL-FREE NO: +44 2038681671 WHATSAPP NO: +44 7999903324
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of services to their employees (Mullins, 2004). As per the changing technologies the overall performance of the team is affected. All the employees of the company must update their knowledge on the basis of advanced technologies. It is the most important task for each and every employee to increase their knowledge on the basis of given technology. There are various technologies which have improved the team functioning such as e-mails, mobile phones, groupware as well as computers. With the help of using these technologies they can easily communicate with each other and try to perform all their tasks in an effective manner. Further, email is the best technique in which team members do not need to be in the same place at the same time. Except this also they can communicate in an appropriate manner. With the use of the mobile phones team members can properly communicate if they are out of the office premises. In addition to this, groupware is the best technique through which they can enables team to plan meetings, collaborate, delegate all within a virtual environment (Purcell and Boxall, 2009). Working as a team is quite difficult tasks for each and every employee. In this regard, all the employees need to share their ideas with each other and try to properly communicate with each other all the teams (Ranganayakulu, 2005). By using several technologies team members can carry out various tasks and communicate more effectively. It is quite essential to introduce new tools and technologies in order to come up with the quality services. Marriot can easily generate several innovations in their business operations(Schwarz, 2002). It also helps them in generating better services with various innovations to their consumers. In addition to this, it can be easily determine that various advanced and latest technologies highly contributes towards the team functioning. It also helps the company in generating more revenues with the help of proper communication and use of advanced technology.
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CONCLUSION The present reports aims to explain the organizational culture and behaviors and its impact on organization efficiency. Different approaches of management and leadership have been defined in different types of organization. In order to compare the different leadership styles UK’s best companies such as Marriot, Iceland Group have been taken. The report concludes that participative and democratic styles are effective to motivate people in the organization.
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Further, organizational theories play an important in helping managers to work effectively Various approaches have been defined such as scientific management approach, human relations approach, social systems' approach and contingency approach have been while giving example of real life. It provides evidence that the organization should use contingency approach as it is new and offers various benefits to the organizations. Motivational theories such as Maslow’s 5 Hierarchy of Needs, McGregor’s theory X and Y, Herzberg’s Hygiene theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory have been defined. The report shows that Maslow’s theory says that it helps management in identifying the needs and wants of employees. The workers can motivate while satisfying the needs from lower level to upper level. Further the nature of groups and group behavior within Marriott has been explained. As per the report there are two types groups such as formal and informal. Various factors such as communication, diversity and leadership affect the effectiveness of team work in the organization.Moreover, impact of technology on team functioning have been explained in the reports .
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