HARBOUR CITY | BLUE SPACE . EXPLORING BLUESPACE . BRING HARBOUR INTO CITY HARBOURFRONT=DEADEND AND DISJUNTED SPACE FOR LEISURE ACTIVITY? HOW IT COULD BE TRANSFORMED INTO AN INTEGRATED WHOLE? SUCH THAT A CIVIC CENTRIC HARBOUR WOULD BE ENHANCED BY DIFFERENT HARBOURFRONTS? the vision is to make the entire Victoria Hartbour and its neighbourhood districts a holistic whole. With better water transport, more integration of city and harbourfront area and greater enhancement on place quality of the edge. It is opposite to the greenaries approach where edge is monotonous and interconnected.
highly enclosed development low water proximity
vehicular bypass
MI
SS
? >
IN
G New Development in Hyper-Density Wall Effect
Lack of Marine Activities Heavy Vechnicular Occupance Underutilized Wateredges covered by Highway
HK
Heavy TrafÀc
VICTORIA HARBOUR
Poor Accessiblity to Waterfront Lack of Visual Corridors
Lack of Active Streetfront
KLN
InsufÀcient Open Space Privatization of Coastal Space
Opportunities
no active streetfront
Cultural Amenities
Water Networks
privateyard
low walkabilities
Open Space
INTERCONNECTED GREEN
the research scopes start from the typical MTR-centered spine to the edge. It aims at proposing another attractive force at edge to diverge the city intensity at core and produce supplimentary centrality of the Harbour.
INTEGRATED GREEN
?
thus, when more inter-coastal connection are made as cleaner and ecologically transport, the harbour circulation along edge would be a large maritime space with loop of transports and speciÀc places of staying than a vacant backyard void.
CURRENT
PROPOSED
quick Àx on waterfront
Research Scope
The thesis critique to current approach of developing harbourfront, as a isolated promenade to interconnect different shore. However, with poor connectivity to the inland city and programmatic space, the resulting greeneries would be passive and monotonous to each district .
kln.p
It propose an integrative green approach, to reinvestigate the possibility of re-intervering the exisiting city Áow and greeneries, to form patches of sociable programme, as activating green which is differentiated from each district and region so as to bring forward the front of harbour rather than leisure backyard.
hk.i Infrastructure-centered Cityscapes
HARBOURFRONT AS INTEGRATIVE GREEN
VICTORIA HARBOUR AS VISUAL FRONTAGE
-water engagement -programmatic social space -walkable green network
-differentiated character on each district -high visibility and accessibility -the Harbour as one large maritime space
Proposed Victoria Harbour Loop
LEARNING FROM 4 WATER CULTURES, INFRASTRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES AFFECT WATER CULTURES
01
LIVING HK RESORT RESIDENTS ON LAND VIEWING THE VOID AS WAY OF ESCAPE FROM CITY
Living Style
FISHERIES NEIGHBOURHOOD SELF-SUFFICIENT AMPHIBIOUS LIFESTYLES OF FISHING AND SALT-MAKING
Mentality Living Style
?
an off-work escape and relief away from the bustle and hustle of city, forward-looking to the opposite side cityscapes, such that the blue space provides a relaxed void in the high density city (together with the sky)
02
SEA VOYAGE PIRATES, NAVIGATORS, NAVIES, WORRIERS IN EXPLORATORY NAVIGRATION
Mentality
ISLANDS CHANNELS 03 COHABITING CLOSE COMMUNITY OF FARMERS AND HUNTERS NEIGHBOURHOOD WITH INTENSIVE SHARING OF04 RESOURCES FLOATING TRADE SHOPS OF TRADERS, MERCHANTS, FARMERS
Mentality
Mentality
Living Style
water as Áuid of exchanges together, as spine to a typical trading city life for primary goods
littoral community uses the frequent transient space of live on coast and work at sea, bluespace is then a treasure of livilihood and land as the return of homage
littoral community uses the frequent transient space of live on coast and work at sea, bluespace is then a treasure of livilihood and land as the return of homage
an exploratory yet harsh living purely on sea confronting natural disasters and limited resources new discoveries of land spaces into unknown territories
Mentality
Living Style
Living Style
harbour =visual void in escape of density
DIFFERFIATING 9 TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACES (FLOW AND MOVEMENT, FABRICS, VIEW AND USE)
Leveem, River delta
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
01
02
CRITERIAS
pocket sheltered land shape, static water close intercoastal distance
spine sp spin pine
ACTIVITIES
FORM & PRINCIPLES linear Áow - logistic efÀciency
Travelling, Riding, Sightseeing, Transporting
For Transportation Based on Ciruculation EfÀciency
ACTIVITIES Mooring, Fishing, Berthing
>
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
03 FORM & PRINCIPLES sea pocket - protectivness For Anchoraging Vessels Based on Shelter Protectiveness
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
04
Harbour Arenas = ARENA
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES sea surface - visual focus
visible sea surface long and deep frontage land convergence
For Leisure Demand Based on Openess of Marine Space
ACTIVITIES
Beaches = PARK
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES land-sea interfaces - natural preserve
silt interface sendimentation constructive wave
For Leisure Demand Based on Natural Formation
ACTIVITIES
Cross-harbour swimming, Dragon boat race, American cup yatch, Canoeing
Swimming, Water Playing, Sunbathing
Key Interfaces of land.sea The Maritime Highway is analogous to infrastructure in the city, where logistic efÀciency of maritime transport is signiÀcant. The larger the ship size, the higher the capacity of the Áow of goods or passengers. It is a type without strong attachment to land. The water current pushes the overall Áow. Naturally they are formed by geographical relief and is varied in condition in wind amptitude and water depth. Strong navigation control is needed for the large maritime space where there is no signiÀcant landmark or structure.
WHAT MAKES A HARBOUR CITY ? RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANNELS, MARINE, COASTAL, TOPO, FABRIC... TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
05
Fleets at Anchor = QUARTER
f
Maritime Highway = INFRASTRUCTURE
Flow of Goods, Depth of Water, Flatness of Land
Topo
bay,quay
Lanndds La sccaappee Clif
FFabric abri abric b ic
DEAD.END A D
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
CRITERIAS
highway i ig ay
kln.pp
INTERFACING N
ht htide
littoral.littoral l ltide
Proposed dV Victoria Harbour Loo Loop Lo oop
reclamation re e m
Fabric/Landscape ric/Landscape
land-sea edge
hk..i
land to o seaa Àlter e
Fabric ri
hub port
interface e a e
land la nd
.waterfront.waterfront
marine rin coastal coasta
Research Scope
channel
06
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES Ànger | edge to water
sharp water edge static wave supportive road network on land
For Connectivity Based on rich assessiblity
ACTIVITIES
07
Containers =BLOCK
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES extensive Áatland | logistic connectivity and accessibility
extensive Áatland deep and stable water
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES channels | Áow of goods
close distance crossings shallow water
View and Favourable Living (e.g. Resort Living) Based on Open View or Vast Naviagation
09
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES Áoating land| spatial capacity to dock
water depth support repairment facilities extensive Áatland away from town
For Ship Repairment Based on Vessels Dockability
-Grand Canal Docks Dublin -Koop Van Zuid Rotterdam -Puerto Madero Buenos Aires
Waterfront Squares =SQUARE
CRITERIAS
FORM & PRINCIPLES courtyard open to sea | spatial porousity to openness
fronting to neighbourhood divergence to sea free walkable Àeld
For Public Civicities Based on AfÀnity to Neighbourhood
ACTIVITIES
Repairing , Abondoning, Spare-being, Ship Construction
Promenade walking, Sightseeing, Bird Watching
-Borneo Amsterdam -Ruoholahti Helsinki -Amphisbious Houses Middleburg
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
Beached Vessels =BLOCK BUILDING
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES
Loding and Unloading, Storing, Transporting
-Queens Wharf Auckland C19 -Walsh Bay Sydney C19 -Hanuabada Port Moresby
08
Dock/Canals =SQUARE
Transport Necessity Based on Cargon Size
ACTIVITIES
Commuting, Travelling, Riding, Boat Dining
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
TYPOLOGICAL BLUESPACE
Piers and Jetties = STREET
-Bondi Beach Sydney -Copacabana Rio de Janeiro -The Palms Dubai
-Rio de Janeiro Harbour C19 -Hauraki Gulf Amercas Cup [00,03] -Velencia Amercas Cup [07]
-Sydney Cove C18 -San Franciso C19 -Aberdeen Harbour HK
-Baltic Sea, -Mediterranean Sea, -Hauraki Gulf
Enjoying public interaction, Walking and Having Food Feasts and Events
-Niantic San Francisco C19 -Ark Wellington C19 -Alang Gujarat
-Piazza San Marco Venice -Praca do Commercio Lisbon C18 -Largo do Paco Rio de Janerio C18
programme
elevated networks
traf¿ c hub
consumption n traf¿ c
link to airport Àngers to islands web as terminus
INTL PEOPLE CONNECTIONS
highway-dorminated
projecting linear pocket
The global business hub is typically set on coastal city. Tall structures are erected as visual exposure and advertises the corporate images of speciÀc investment company and shows pride to the important location. Elevated network of footbridges efÀciently bring people from the city metro to the sea. Piers to and from outleting islands are mostly communting point to corporate head for holidays except for business conference by the airport. The overall ground is vechicular dorminant, with different means of passenger transport. The highly air-conditioned towers and inward-looking shopping malls provides sufÀcient indoor space for people to enjoy seaview rather than engaged to the exposed ground of harbourfront area. Car park, bus stop and ferry piers are circulation nodes to the rest of the shores.
pier, ventilation building, car park, ofÀce-tower, mid-level housing
dorminating bluespace
piers
maritime highway
COASTAL SCENARIOS
LOCAL LIVING HUB
02 LOCAL LIVING HUB = NORTH POINT
medium quality living
quality public space
spine to neighbouring district enclaves to opposite shore grid spreads
WORKING PEOPLE TRANSPORT
street dorminated
spined and hub living to other coastal region fabric extension by reclamation
the local living hub is centered to the vechicular spine and neighbourhood scale street. Tall residential towers and block buildings are multiplying the viewing outward opportunities. Away from a lot to the harbourfront, piers forms the left and right wing of the square where bus stop or terminus are usually serving an open ground. There situated the nodes for citizen to wait and gather for social activities either locally or going to other shore. The 2 piers are important to the mostly residential district as a point of departure to go to Kowloon to work, especially in the 70s , when industrial buildings and secondary production are common. The piers extend its programme where fresh food and convenience store are inserted. The harbourfront here is a daily harbourfront , with peak hours in the morning and in the afternoon.
pier, street market, retail, apartment housing, ofÀce tower
dorminating bluespace
piers
waterfront squares
COASTAL SCENARIOS 05 RESORT-LIKE LUXURIOUS LIVING = MARINA COVE
quality living
quality living leisure
LIVING RESORT
public realm private enjoyment
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF WATER
driveway-dorminated
ameoba island
the ownership of yatch and marina is private to only the top few portion of wealth in Hong Kong. the heavily gated, managed and secured homeland to the wealth provides rich enviornment to nature. it is intimate to large greenaries and maritime space. Coastline is deÀned to serve a maximium of houses to engage with water from its privateyard. A central restaurant and clubbing facilities are made as visual orientation and visitor focus. The overall blockwalk and Áoating perception is enhanced by water waves.
private garden, villas, clubhouse, restaurants
sea-side garden frontages dock grid ameoba-like spine
dorminating bluespace
Áeers at anchors
dock/canals
COASTAL SCENARIOS
Áow
programme
07 CIVIC OPEN SPACE = 90S CENTRAL
$$
monuments monuments quality public space À ow of people
spine to neighbouring district
piers, civic hall, library, exhibition gallery, squares, legistlative council, ofÀce towers
enclaves to opposite shore
OPEN VIEW AND CIVIC REALM
grid spreads
opensquare axis per to coastline and monuments
road-dominated
the strong axis of landscape and open ground, opens up waterfront square and piazza to the harbourfront. with different rings of building and strong frontality of HSBC, the plaza is made centrally static and sea-directionally forwarded. it attracts public and promote civic realm , as both a place and a visual image. the reclamation project further set the axis into multiple waterfronts and enscribing inner water , in contrast to the further sea view
dorminating bluespace
piers & jetties
waterfront squares
CIVIC OPEN SPACE
SHOP
piers to outleting islands
COASTAL SCENARIOS
10 FISHING VILLAGE = ABERDEEN [LITTLE HK]
handy construction ¿ sh habitat public shelter easy anchorage
FREQUENT INTER-WATER-LAND ACCESS
waterway + organic dock grid
narrow embracing edgy shelter
surrounding by-pass
waterway, shelter, storage houses, apartment towers
waterway-dorminated
dorminating bluespace
canals/dock
Áeers at anchors
FISHING VILLAGE
D iconic structures
10 COASTAL SCENARIOS .10 VALUES OF HARBOURFRONT AREAS
GLOBAL BUSINESS HUB
01 GLOBAL BUSINESS HUB = IFC CENTRAL
COASTAL SCENARIOS 09 INTL EXHIBITION CENTRE = WANCHAI
$$
quality working $
recognizable icons
À ow of people
info
FORM-MAKING FOR INTL MEETING PLACE protruding artiÀcial pennisula
mtr to neighbouring district
exhibition centre, piers, piazza, ofÀce towers, apartment towers
side-piers + piazza the gigantic huge structure are visible from all angles as it sits on the protruding ground of the artiÀcially reclaimed pennisula. pier and harbourfront square is made to enhance the viewing experience. the overground connections is building an gradual experience of openness, from the high density city to the relatively low structure and exposed sea. as it serves as a landmark , the nearby buildings become more charged by pedestrian as it could be easier to recognize , by spatially relative to the landmark.
driveway-dorminated
sea-side driveway
dorminating bluespace
piers and jetties
Áow
COASTAL SCENARIOS
waterfront squares
GLOBAL CENTRE
Áow
COASTAL SCENARIOS
programme
08 LEISURE BEACHES = STANLEY
04 CONTAINER PORT = KWAI CHUNG
bay
BATCHING PROCESSING OF GOODS extensive Áatland
cradles, good-processing, storage houses, communication tower, vacant land for expansion, watch towers,
bypass to different districts straight pocket to opposite shore irregular mesh
WATER LEISURE AND OPEN VIEW naturally-formed sandbeach
bypass-dorminated the overall cargo-terminals are laid out in no man land, where there is extensive Áatland for reclamation and expansion. The intensive infrastructural network of highways serve the purpose of loading and unloading by 24/7 containers transport drivers. Nearby telcommunication tower, navigation control watchhouse and largest warehouses in the world are built for supporting the large cargo terminals. As cradles are mobile but heavy mechanical structures, they are mostly set invisible to the centre of the city and is located strategically at peripherals. The overall large pocket square of water actually aiming at wharf workshop and repairing and other starting off, drop by facilities. The containers are standardized in size and the overall layout are structure in grid xy system to maximize its efÀciency.
Áoating docks, boating storage, water activities centre, shopping mall, hotel, restaurants, resort villa
straight spine and hilly roads edgy coast to sea voyages
lane-dominated
dorminating bluespace dorminating bluespace
containers
beached vessels
beaches 03 INDUSTRIAL WORKING TOWN = MA TAU WAI
INDUSTRIAL TOWN
quality living villa
harbour areana
LEISURE BEACHES
enjoyment
06 CITY BACKEND SERVICES = ABERDEEN END
isolation À ow of goods water
production
dedicated driveway
INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIAL LOGISTICS
dead-end spine straight edge dock to container port
industrial fabric polifereation, inner harbour to stablize abording goods to and from ship
road-dorminated storage house, factories, dormintary, [cattle depot], apartment housing
AWAY FROM OTHER ACTIVITIES FROM CITY deadend corner reclamation
roads-dorminated the industrial town relies on heavily maritime transport in coastal cargo working area for depot of raw materials or re-proecessing materials. The fabric is deÀned by a straight and wide way for vechicular transportation. Upon each buildings share little frontages of the whole spine and no sea view preference is made. The nearby-gas station also set near to water for water supply as coolent and other chemical processes. The no. of storey of the overall fabric is 7-8 without the installation of expensive lift. The factory cubicles are ventilated naturally by balcony and mechanical fans. Provision Car parking spaces at basement are rare due to maximization of economic value to build as quick as possible.
the water treatment facilities are set to be the deadend of city, where there is no public use. the isolation strategy provides dedicated driveway and security to the area. further reclamation is possible for expansion and water is available for reprocessing and decontamination
dorminating bluespace
beached vessels
dorminating bluespace
oil tanks, incinerators, pump stations, water treatment units
CITY SERVICES
CONTAINER PORT
quality living
À ow of goods logistics
HISTORY OF HARBOUR
 HISTORY  OF  VICTORIA  HARBOUR  ~  TOWARDS  MINIMAL  RECLAMATION,  LEISURE,  PUBLIC  AND  LANDSCAPE  HARBOUR  TO  BE  FORWARDED HISTORY OF HARBOUR
Sea Port Village Majorities live in Venacular Ships, Harbour as shelter area to house the ships at night or rest time.
Economic Development Industrial Development: Tai Po Industrial Estates Infrastructure: Kwai Chung Container Terminal 6,7,8, Tap Shek Kok Castle Peak Power Station, Lamma Power Station
Housing and Recreation:Victoria Park, Cheung Sha Wan New Town Development: Shatin-Ma On Sha, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan-Kwai Ching, Tai Po, Junk Bay
Establishment of Sea-port Trading 1840 Opium War made HK becomes British Colony as HK has a safe deep harbour for further operation 1842 HK marked a signiÀcant military and commercial coup. Maritime trading activity secured in safe harbour 1867 Àrst court case of Harbour reclamation at Central where government reclamation project faltered. 1922 Continous growth of Cargo trade, with majority of opium trade
,Q WKH RXWEUHDN RI WKH .RUHDQ :DU WULJJHUHG D 86 HPEDUJR RQ JRRGV RULJLQDWLQJ IURP &KLQD 7KH HPEDUJR KDG D VHULRXV LPSDFW RQ +RQJ .RQJ V HQWUHS{W WUDGH ZKLFK SOXPPHWHG IURP +. ELOOLRQ LQ WR +. PLOOLRQ LQ 7KLV WULJJHUV +. WR GHYHORS LWV RZQ LQGXVWU\ MANUFACTURING Â CENTRE Â FOR Â LIGHT Â INDUSTRIAL Â GOODS
1997
1986-1996 Reclamation to Restructure Economy to Service Industry Residential Development Tseun Wan , Tsing Yi Bay, Tseung Kwan O Ph 2, Hung Hom Bay
Reclamation to Support Post War Economy Take Off Economic development = Manufacturing Industries industries: North Point, Kwun Tong, Cheung Sha Wan and Tsuen Wan Infrastructure: Kai Tak Runway extension, Cargo Terminal
DORMINANT EDGE navigation channel and shelter for all kinds of vessels
FISHERMAN’S  VILLAGE
HISTORY OF HARBOUR
1986
coastal  settlement
1842
HISTORY OF HARBOUR
1946
Docks and Wharf Renewals Tai Koo Shing Docks and Hum Hom Docks North Point Power Station Wharf on Western side of Kowloon
HKSAR Handover
Infrastrcture for New Service Economy
1969 Sealand lauched its Àrst container shipping service to Hong Kong which replace typical fully-à edged deepwater container handling port in Victoria Harbour.
INTERNATIONAL Â FINANCIAL Â CENTRE
focus from New Towns to strategic development in Harbour (Territorial Development Strategy 1980-1984) relocate air port and Harbour reclamation to accomodate population growth in Study on Harbour Reclamation and Urban Growth (1981-83) reclamation of New AIrport and its infrastructural linkages to main urban area in Port and Airport Development Strategy (1988-89) renew old area by provide solution spaces on reclamation in Metroplan (1990-91)
1994 Habour  Area  Treatment  Scheme  launched
ENTREPOT Â FOR Â OPIUM Â AND Â OTHER Â GOODS
1997-2009 Objection to Reclamation and DensiĂ€cation of Waterfront Areas 1995 Society for Protection of Harbour Ltd Established 1996 17000 Citizens agreed to the Proposed Protection of Harbour Ordinance 1997 Enactment of the Protection of Harbour Ordinance Reclamation of Green Island, Kai Tak rejected 1998 Protest against Kai Tak and Tamar Reclaimation Lawsuit against Wan Chai North and Central Reclaimation 1999 amendment of the Protection of Harbour Ordinance 2003 Citizen Envisiong @ Harbour established 2004 Harbour-front Enhancement Committee established Lawsuit against Wan Chai North Reclaimation Govt faltered 2005 Lawsuit against Central Reclaimation Govt Win First Annual Harbour Day launched 2008 96 Stories Harbour City new plans approved 70 storeies New World Centre approved Height Restrictions protests for a better Tsim Sha Tsui Waterfront Cruise Terminal ““Diamond Princess”â€? no place for Victoria Harbour Govt Declaration on ““No more Reclamation”â€? within Victoria Harbour
landmark  &  icon
infasturctural  hubs dockland
DORMINANT EDGE corporate ofÀces
DORMINANT EDGE work | live infrastructural hubs
tourism  &  entertainment DORMINANT EDGE park and landscape
DORMINANT EDGE storage and transport port
Protection  of  Harbour  Ordinance  (Cap.  531)         "3.  Presumption  against  reclamation  of  the  harbour         (1)  The  harbour  is  to  be  protected  and  preserved  as  a  special  public  asset  and  a  natural  heritage  of  Hong  Kong  people,  and  for  that  purpose  there  shall  be  a  presumption  against  reclamation  of  the  harbour.         (2)  All  public  of¿  cers  and  public  bodies  shall  have  regard  to  the  principle  stated  in  subsection  (1)  for  guidance  in  the  exercise  of  any  powers  vested  in  them".
Opium War
Cargo Terminals at Whampoo Dockyard
HKCEC at Wan Chai
Cargo Working Area work | live intermodals cross harbour hubs
Union Square
Shun Tak, Regional Frieght Cargo Terminals at Kwai Chung
â€œâ€Ś  the  purpose  and  extent  of  each  proposed  reclamation  ought  to  be  individually  assessed  by  reference  to  the  three  tests  of  (1)  compelling  overriding  and  present  need,  (2)  no  viable  alternative  and  (3)  minimum  impairmentâ€?.
Typhoon Shelter
(Court of Final Appeal, 2004)
SOCIAL REALM Â HISTORY Â OF Â VICTORIA Â HARBOUR Â ~ Â TOWARDS Â MINIMAL Â RECLAMATION, Â LEISURE, Â PUBLIC Â AND Â LANDSCAPE Â HARBOUR Â TO Â BE Â FORWARDED
ATERBODY
SOCIAL REALM POCKET
Sydney
Vancouver
Amesterdam
NETWORK
The major public amenities and collective places are situated in the peripherals of the harbour. The harbour , although is sptially vacant and inactive, placed important social anchor to every Hong Kong citizen.
HARBOUR
ISLAND
HARBOUR
CANALS
Bilbao
PROMENADES
RIVER
coastal settlement
leisure & entertainment
dockland
Genoa
FINGERS
PORT
.Symbolize success & propsperity of Hong Kong
Venice
WATERWAYS
Shanghai RIVER
RIVER
Hong Kong BAYS/ISLAND HARBOUR WATERWAYS LEFT-OVER VOID THERE’’RE ONLY FEW HARBOUR IN THE WORLD
.ReĂ ect identity and physical well being of Hong Kong infasturctural hubs
.Sense of belonging and emotional welfare of the Public
...the results show that the Harbour plays a signiÀcant role in the eyes of the public, as congruent to the quantitative Àndings, vast majority of them agree that the Harbour is shared by all Hong Kong people, is valuable to them ...
landmark & icon
Habour Buesiness Forum, Publuc Opinion Survey on Victoria Harbour, Feb 2006
photo from Internet : Wikipedia.org , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_harbour
 HISTORY  OF  VICTORIA  HARBOUR  ~  TOWARDS  MINIMAL  RECLAMATION,  LEISURE,  PUBLIC  AND  LANDSCAPE  HARBOUR  TO  BE  FORWARDED
GUIDELINES FOR A SUSTAINABLE HONG KONG HARBOUR
GUIDELINES FOR A SUSTAINABLE HONG KONG HARBOUR
GUIDELINES FOR A SUSTAINABLE HONG KONG HARBOUR B1.1_encourage_activiteis_derive_special_value_from_suc A1.1_Provide_Public_Access_through_All_Corridors
A1.2_Promote_Pedrestrian_Choice_of_Access
A1.3_Accomodate_Slow_Calm_VAcess_to_Waterfront
A1.4_Visual_Anchors_to_Guide_Pedrestrians_to_Waterfron
A1.5_Ensure_High_Frequency_of_Access_Corridors_along
A1.6_Ensure_Connectivities_to_Public_Transportation
A1.7_Improved_Access_from_the_sea
A2.1_Take_Advantage_of_Openess_for_Waterfront_Actviti
A2.2_Encourage_Uses_that_Maintain_activity_throuhgot_D
A2.3_Ensure_a_sense_of_security
A2.4_Ensure_Access_for_All_user_group
A3.1_Ensure_a_connected_promenade
A3.2_Provide_Diversity_of_Promenade_Character
A3.3_Encourage_Access_to_the_waterfront
A3.4_Activate_Promenade_edges
B1.2_provide_public_oriented_inrafrastructure_that_suppo
B1.4_create_visual_stimulation_on_waterfront
B2.2_harbur_wide_contribution_toHKimage
B2.4_protect_view_to_the_ridgelines
B1.5_ensure_that_water_related_uses_maintain_direct_ac
B2.5_create_unique_water_address
B2.5_create_unique_water_address_a
E1.1_demand_high_qaulity_design
E1.2_distinguish_districts_with_focal_landmark
E1.3_capture_and_enhance_geographic_heritage
E1.4_complement_neighbouring_districts
E1.5_infuse_histroci_presevation_and_reuse
E1.6_rehabilitate_natural_and_native_shoreline
E1.8_protect_harbour_from_runoff
E2.1_minmize_infrastructure_and_utilixzies_on_waterfront
E2.2_reduce_vehicular_traffic_at_waterfront
E2.3_encourage_narrow_roadway_designs
E2.4_decreate_the_protportion_of_hardscape_on_waterfro
E2.5_downplay_the_built_enviornment_at_wateredge
E2.6_avoid_elevatedroads, tunnels that ventilate
E2.7_hide_visual_blight
E3.1_extend_sense_of_harbour_into_district
E3.2_concentrate_buildings_of_similar_heights_in)clusters
E3.3_ensure_frequent_and_spacious_street_level_views
E3.4_protect_existing_views_of_open_water_for_line_distri
E3.5_openess_and_sense_of_escape
E3.6_reinforce_harbour_facade_character_as_frames
B2.6_reflect_district_identity_with_compatible_uses_and_
Retrived from http://www.harbourbusinessforum.com/en-us/page/show/ report_sustainable A3.5_Avoid_interruptions_to_the_Promenade
A3.6_protect_human_scale_of_waterfront_experience
A3.7_Vary_setback_of_buildings_according_to_uses
B3.1_creating_multi-Âvist_destinations
Retrived from http://www.harbourbusinessforum.com/en-us/page/show/ report_sustainable
B3.2_locate_special_land_uses_to_minimize_required_infr
B3.3_balance_identity_of_districts
Retrived from http://www.harbourbusinessforum.com/en-us/page/show/ report_sustainable
?
HK Strategy Scope: Housing, Energy, Parks, Waterfront and Beaches, Infrastructure, City Life
Visions on HK (Hong Kong Power,The Why Factory, 2008) [Method] attitudes towards harbour ? urban issue v/x urban impact ...apprasials
x Urban Privacy [Sky Coastlink] ? Disconnected Pencil Tower ... Common Second Ground
[Raising Landscapes] ? Inactive Green Backdrops
Disjunction Disconnected Plot
Walkable Networks v Better Accessiblities
Sky Corridor
Open View
Green Backdrops
Programmatic Green More views to waterfront More Active Green
Green IntensiÀer
[Public Programme Extension] x Small Social Footprint ? Monolithic Residential Coast x High Land Value on Up ... Linked Social Building
[Continuous Territories] ? Lack of Inner City Green
x Heavy ArtiÀcial Nature x Disturbance to Sea Channel ... Perforated Green/Blue
flow
InÀllable Void
Void Residential Waterfront
x Heavy ArtiÀcial Nature ... Programmatic Landscape Mass
Vacant Blue Void
Social Waterfront v More Active Programmes
Tower Revolution
Programmatic Central BG Wetland More Open Green, Better Ecology Better Central City Life
HK Dams [New Residential Type Replacement] ? Blocked View x Massive Scale x Heavy Ground Shading ... Perforated Roof
[Speculative Image , Water Feature] ? Lack of Focus in the Harbour
x Disturbance to Sea Channel x Ecology ... Better Location/Orientation
Void Vacant Blue Void
Spacious Open View Blocked Harbour View
Perforated Harbour View v Better Inland Open View
Seaview Galore [Floating Objects] Exposed Water Resources
HK Waterfall [Programmatic Links] ? Disjunction between Islands ? Inactive Marine Void
x Socially Inactive x Purly Functional ... Mixed Programme | Work ... Linked to Islands, Port
Central Focus | Vista v More Tourist Value v Better Sense of Belongings v Better Marine Engagement
x Disturbance to Sea Channel x Ecology ... Better Location/Orientation
Marine Activities Void to Receive Sunlight No Energy Energy Better Sustainable Energy
Energy Island
DESIGN RESOLUTION
Inactive Marine Void
HK Bridge
Active Marine Space Better Intercoastal Linkages Better Marine Engagement
programme
Morphological ReconÀguration
Shore Transformation | Barcelona
Olympic Village as extension of Avingua Carles 20ha with 1200 dwellings. 1/3 affordable housing A marina and 2 Áagship buildings. Maxi-block system with reference to urban morphology in Eixample
coastal settlement coastal settlement
5 Street Blocks near Poblenou Passeig del Taulat street as old and new transition along 5 street blocks on the waterfront replaced abondoned factories 1/3 affordable housing different types of open street blocks with communal landscaped space in the interior of the block. Housing taken Initial form of Eixample
dockland dockland
port began to expand in west; construction of railway along coast in 19th century further attracted industry, cutting city from water Diagonal-Mar 30ha industrial site replaced by Inward-looking shopping centre using Open city patterns,, Apartment blocks around a large park. Meeting places, recreation and leisure, Forum of Cultures 2004 - 1/2 months event
-sunkening trafÀc and carparking space to underground - change railway line to inland from coast - 5km urban beaches, protected by waterbreakers that adopt modular system of Cerdas ’ grid. - new access of private mobility and public transport. by completing streets and avenues in this sector, such as the Diagonals and Avinguda Icaria.
a
c
open space
landmark & icon landmark & icon
>
b
infra. hub infasturctural hubs
leisure & open space
public bldg
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parameters typology Issue
design tactics
methodology
parameters typology Issue
design tactics
methodology
design parameters
tactics
typology Issue
methodology
2015
11
0
0.2
0.4
1km
Songgan Factory Types
20 20
21
INDUSTRIAL TYPOLOGY
22 22
23
50 50
Field Line Adaptation
Existing F.O.C.G. Mesh
MOVEMENT
Strategic Transformation
Intentional Mesh
Existing F.O.C.G. Mesh
Intentional Mesh
Field Line Adaptation
Strategic Transformation
Existing F.O.C.G. Mesh
48 48
ENVIRONMENT
Intentional Mesh
Field Line Adaptation
Strategic Transformation
49
COMMUNITY
5 Policies Composite
+
+
+
+
=
1.Industry + 2.Habitation + 3.Environment + 4.Community + 5.Movement = Transformative Urban Strategy
Existing F.O.C.G. Mesh
Intentional Mesh
Field Line Adaptation
Strategic Transformation
Existing F.O.C.G. Mesh
46 46
5 Urban Policies | Master Planning
Intentional Mesh
Field Line Adaptation
Strategic Transformation
47
INDUSTRY
HABITATION
63
Phasing | Stages of Implementation PHASE 1
- Re-Organizing Mass - Connecting the City with a Walkable Path 5H 'H¿QLQJ WKH +LJKZD\ *
64
PHASE 3
PHASE 2
- Creating open space and urban courtyard - Residential Expansion
- Industrial transformation - New industrial types are envloved from older fabric to sustain income to city - Industrial types adapt to change and are able to renew or mutable to other non-industrial types without mass demolition - New Industry should be clean, high in value chain and nenewable for mix use
PHASE 4
- Re-Distributing mass to break down isolation - Introducing mix-use programs - Adding a light-rial network
66 65
11 Tactics | Urban Transformation
SHAPING URBAN COURTYARD TO GENERATE NEW CITYSCAPE
67
Before & After
industrial displine landscape strategies
Contextual Creteria
Industrial Discipline
Typological Creteria scale
labour from dorm
electronics
labour from village
light metal
local consumption
food & beverage
external consumption
textile
logistic network
leather & feather
temporary open space
wood, timber, bamboo
local investment
furniture and utilities
external investment
health care product, medicine
rthymn
architectural typology contextual industrial consumption and production creteria
form
small
linear repetitive
medium
campus
large
standardized
cases
Unfolded Elevation (Partial)
0
Unfolded Elevation (Overall)
dorm linear small factories
dorm linear small factories
dorm linear small factories
standalone standardized
standalone standardized
standalone standardized
campus type
campus type
campus type
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
0
0
5
10
0
Upper Floor Plan
20m
10
20
40m
Upper Floor Plan
5
30
0
10
20m
60m
5
120m
10
0
20m
10
20
40m
White Clones This project proposes a new White House that challenges the forms of hierarchy and power represented by the current White House. The project highlights and exaggerates the conditions of multiplicity and dispersal by placing replicas of the White House along an expanding grid, diluting the power and centrality of the original White House.
white clones 1/5 reg.no 159
M-03
[
]
orthogonal grid
diagonal
shifting of axis
Multiplicity & Dispersal The projects extends the argument seen in the plan of Washington D.C. in which an equilibrium is maintained between PDA³ATL=J@=>HA³CNE@³ &ABBANOKJ ³=J@³PDA³ATPAJ@=>HA³@E=CKJ=H³ H !JB=JP ³³0DA³³>=H=J?A³>APSAAJ³&ABBANOKJ O³CNE@³=J@³ H !JB=JP O³@E=CKJ=HO³NAOQHPO³EJ³PDA³L=NPE?QH=N³MQ=HEPU³KB³PDA³LH=J³KB³3=ODEJCPKJ³ ³?D=N=?PANEVA@³>U³PDA³IQHPELHE?EPU³ of the centers of power and, simultaneously, the dispersal of these centers. The multiple White Houses play the grids off against the axes, blurring the distinctions between the homogeneous and the singular, the copy and the original, the ordinary and the monumental, the new and the old.
white clones 2/5 reg.no 159
ss
L
M
R
e
us
o eh
ce ac
it
wh
01 02
residential
03 04
ceremonial
05
official & institutional
ordina
ry car
access
06 07
recreational / visitor
08
ceremonial public access
09
programme
access
Voids The intersection allows the creation of a particular void underneath and/or adjacent to each clone. The resultant voids diverge by small degrees towards the Washington Monument and away from the central axis. The relationship between a clone and the void it engenders along the divergent axis of the Washington Monument is always unique.
white clones 3/5 reg.no 159
Grids & Diagonals view / entering the ground
when diagonal meets clone
junction of two diagonals
The project removes the old White House from view by topographic manipulation. The ground rises slowly and imperceptibly along the central axis of the original White House, reaching its maximum height at roof level, effectively removing the House from view, but not its flag! An intersection takes place at the nodes of the grid between the sloping ground, the diagonal paths, and the clone.
white clones 4/5 reg.no 159
+16.50
+16.20
+12.50 +10.20 +8.00 +4.50
+0.20
+0.20
0 1
2 3
5m
clone white house M-05
0 1
2 3
5m
existing white house M-03
+0.20
section / row M
+0.20
R-09
R-08
R-07
R-06
R-05
R-04
R-02
section / diagonals
+0.20
elevation / row R
Intersection The clones advance at grid rate along the central axis. The sloping ground intersects the replicating White Houses clones as they expand axially and laterally =S=U³BNKI³PDAEN³LNKCAJEPKN ³³!=?D³KB³PDAI³EO³>EOA?PA@³EJ³=³L=NPE?QH=N³S=U³>U³PDA³ OHKLEJC³CNKQJ@ ³³!=?D³KB³PDAI³=LLA=NO³=O³=J³EJ?KILHAPA³BN=CIAJP³KB³PDA³KNECEJ=H ³ which itself has become invisible.
white clones 5/5 reg.no 159
Publication
FiltrationA Graphical Dialogue with Donald Judd
This small book is an graphical reinterpretation of Donal Judd work, through different techniques employed, the book focus the abstract, geometrical, and phenomenal quality of Donald Judd, byitself it is a work of art also.
TO KWA WAN URBAN STUDY
terior Designer , Student , Worker and Elderly are identified and studied, as they are the dominant types of people in the area or are highly related to our focus of study (i.e. artists and
wa p Wan Urban Design
To Kwa Wan Road interior designer
Place means the spots that are frequently occupied by the chosen 7 groups of people in the mapping of People-Place. -
To Kwa Wan
1984 1975
student worker
elderly
City in this case is more neutrally as a field on which the texture 7 groups of people types under investigation
Ma Tau Kok Road
To Kwa Wan Aerial Photo
tistic twin in the district of To Kwa Wan, namely of g epot is the only artist village where artist can rent g e for their artistic creation, giving the place full of irbut at the same time does not make sufficient n of marketing. While for the interior strip, it is ack s, business model that manages to create its own d interior design industry in Hong Kong, but is he of stic input for the moment. Our thesis is, how can e, interior design strip and ii) the artistic value of artist Village, to supplement and enhance each ing them work together as an organic whole, and ocally strengthen the performance of each other. h are trying to achieve in this exercise of urban we n st Panoramas taken at various generic locations in To Kwa Wan fy n e n art designing, we tried to sensitively learn about see, what are the current situations that are not 1975 1984
hawker housewife
c e ly d ae:summary of an urban design project in To Kwa Photographic perceptual study on the route connecting interior design strip and Cattle us processes nd namely in the Assignment 1,2 and 3 Depot n into a corridor of high uniformity and linearity e e
1954
artist
There are a number of management issues that restraint the veyor of Government Property Agency, the Cattle Depot is still cess to the premises. Artists have to go through a considerable amount of administrative paper work and bureaucratic deals when they would like hold a public event inside. Meanwhile, the policy 3 months short-term rental contract largely limits the scale of projects, events and artistic work and creations of
Cultural Value
+
(cuhk u beat: http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/ubeat/060373/arts.html)
Abstract related to Cattle Depot
Business Value
Other than seeing its problems we have also discovered the vast potential of the site, which could facilitate the intentions
Thesis Diagram
Chatham Road
To Kwa Wan was an industrial district in the 80 s and a large number of industrial buildings could be found in the area. However, since the 90 s the economic transformation from secondary to tertiary production in Hong Kong shrank many of
Photographic elevation study
1989
tile. They could be adapted to many other functions, art studio
The 4 reclamations in To Kwa Wan
es or u vantage of bringing people easily from other places to To Kwa perience between for the connection between e Wan, making it highly accessible. But the transition from high y. A photo is taken for every 30 steps we walked. speed (traffic, highway) to low speed (pedestrian) would be nt s as followed: the journey starts from Chatham n where the interior strip is located, then Ma Tau Wai d ting through the site would also bring many people there in u Chung Road, further turns right at Sung Wong d Pak Tai Street, and finally enters the road facing or d. rs Road network studies KEY
obstacle
Road
Linkage
Elevated Road
Road
N
0
100
200
300m
100
200
opment which is highly responsive to the social and urban
Industry
KEY
Primary school
Home for elderly
Secondary school
N
0
300m
Perceptual Study, the route connecting interior design strip and Cattle Depot
kindergarten
Church
N
0
KEY
KEY
KEY
KEY
Subway
To Kwa Wan enjoys one of the most walkable and accessible coastal promenades in Hong Kong. However, it is now quite tre by a number of traffic roads and large industrial buildings, and on the other hand the extensive fences and road blocks fortable. The quality of the city could be well improved if we manage to smoothly direct the people from the crowded city centre to the abundant natural landscapes of To Kwa wan, Churches, schools and elderly homes distribution namely the harbour front and also the green area around the
Future MTR system crossing the area of study
100
200
300m
N
0
100
200
300m
N
N
0
100
200
300m
0
Industrial buildings distribution in To Kwa Wan
100
200
300m
PERCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS ALONG DOMINANT PATH BY PEOPLES
designer
worker
bldg.outline
sky
elderly
hawker
artist
Urban Interaction sult of interactions among her 3 fundamental components Methodlogy and Objectives: of different scales, namely People (S), Place (M) and The Citymapping (L). of People-City Interaction starts with tracking of the dominant paths of differentPeople types of people under invesic relationship of People-Place-City in To Kwa Wan we aim at FromA. People Experience tigation. the observations on site, we mapped the locaAnalysis- B. Community Network daily life pattern Reconstruction figuring out the way how the interior design strip and Cattle tions where we could most likely to find a particular group of Depot, along with the market, the delicate centre and pointat where they have their daily life. Say for example, we people, of coherence of the existing local community network, could found a residentialCity block inC. Typological Relationship with 798 case study which many elderly live, a local tea Place work together and at the same time, give no brutal disruption house where elderly is the majority and a park which is mostly diagram occupied byCity-Place-People the aged.triangular By linking the 3 places a typical daily life pattern for the group of elderly is mapped. It is not a path of any authentic particular elderly, but instead, because of the occupation intensity of the dots linked it would be a dominant
housewife
Local Tea House
student
Home
Pocket Space
Partial zoom-in into one of the dominant paths for the elderly
View to the Sky
With similar method we map for each type of people 3 dominant paths and conduct a photographic study on their journey, taking 3-5 photos for each journey, and study the existing qualities of their paths: 1) Skyline; 2) Speed; 3) Immediate Section (or space) & 4) Texture. Overlapping the photo analyses we have the graphical representations of the existing qualities of the 4 attributes for the paths. And in the further assignment of an urban design, these urban loci inform us the scale, enclosure, texture, openness and so on for our interventions when we deal with an area that is dominated with a particular group of people. For instance, the sky profile for the interior designer is long and narrow under the silhouette of the elevated highway, should we provide them with more open space and greenery in the future urban design proposal? Retroactive questions like Inside the space
View to the Sky
speed
Inside the space
Sky Profile
Immediate Space Inside the space
texture
View to the Sky
Texture Speed Hawker
Elderly
ppl.density
View to the Sky
Table showing the overlapping of the images in photographic perceptual studies
Inside the space
Artist
Student
Housewife
Artist
Local Market
Facade Intervention
Openings
Program
Access
Building Mass
Road and Infrastructure
Local Market
M-I-C & 798
TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES
Interior Design Street
Interior Design Street
Cattle Depot Artist Village
Cattle Depot Artist Village
798 Artist Village
798 Artist Village
he m ty ic
ol, to le is elrk eir ty
USUAL PLACES BY PEOPLES
> MARKETS People x Place
Artist
People x Place
Worker
People x Place
elderly
People x Place
Interior Designer
People x Place
Hawker
Zooming-in into area around market People x Place
Housewife
People x Place
Student
he be at is DESIRABLE COMMUNITY NETWORK PATTERN
Exisitng
EXISTING COMMUNITY NETWORK DIAGRAM interior designer
Place means the spots that are frequently occupied by the chosen 7 groups of people in the mapping of People-Place. artist terior Designer , Student , Worker and Elderly are identified and studied, as they are the dominant types of people in the hawker area or are highly related to our focus of study (i.e. artists and
Ideal
housewife Housewife
Interior Designer
Hawker
Artist
Student
Worker
Elderly
City in this case is more neutrally as a field on which the texture interior designer
student worker
elderly
e to ons the -
the ocal usiCatple, d as heir
we hich by a ged ring ram for ams
Connection deck with greeneries on top of the tunnel entrance to stitch the 2 sides of the city
Market
M I
C
Interior Design Strip
Cattle Depot
Pedestrianized pathway to link up residential plots
A green ring to channel people from city centre to the harbour front. An extension of ring-shape typology of the market.
DESIGN RESOLUTION
Material support for artist village Interior design strip typology
Per. C Per. A
Per. B
New interior design strip distribution (in red)
Market typology
Flea market for artistic products and interior design booth which acts as an urban lung located between market and artist village, allowing a new place for small sellers and culivating local culture
Future MTR station
Second part of interior design strip separated from the original cluster, located at another entrance of the city
Interior design street turning into secondary streets and blend with local market
Perspective A
i i
m c
de Cattle Expanding and loosening the market typology to allow capacity for the injection of more program and urban spaces
Interlinked blocks adaptively reuse as the production place for artwork Transformed Cattle Depot
Art school for students on their dominant path
Food and beverage walk way from market to harbour side, passing through the hot spot for workers at their convenience
Perspective B
New Pier
Youth hostel to provide Cattle Depot with local/non local visitors
Perspective C