KEW HOUSE TUTORIAL 12
ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 1 - 2019 Dr Sofia Colabella / Subject coordinator Petar Petrov / Tutor
JONATHAN STATHY | 914203 ASSIGNMENT 1
FLIPBOOK SECTION AS-BUILT: assigned section and construction sequence
KEW HOUSE, PHOTOGRAPH BY TERVOR MEIN
UPPER GROUND FLOOR PLAN
LOWER GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1:50
1:50 2 / 90 x 45 F17 KDHW Steel Columns
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
WALL SYSTEMS
5
Blockwork wall in compliance with AS 3700. Stacked in standard half/half blockwork fashion. The blockwork lies alongside a timber stud wall, lined with insulation in a traditional Block + Stud arrangement.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
4
Towel Rack. Bathroom fittings installed after tiling is implemented.
6 3
Floor System
Basement slab with polished concrete. Polished 10 days into the curing process of the concrete slab.
10
SERVICES & FINISHING TRADES
Towel Rack. Bathroom fittings installed after tiling is implemented.
6 10
SERVICES & FINISHING TRADES
WINDOW SYSTEMS
WINDOW SYSTEMS
1435 x 2400 (FR6 SA) double glaz sliding door windows by Aneeta Window Systems and is incorporated with a 19mm KDHW Window frame (jamb and head only) to facilitate Aneeta sashless sliders.
10
SERVICES & FINISHING TRADES
180mm Wide x 19mm THK Timber floorboards over 18mm particleboard flooring.
1730 x 300 Obscured Double glazed awning window with powdered aluminium stiles. The window also has an ‘Architectural Series’ Thermally improved aluminium window frame by Rylock with reveals that are concealed by plasterboard wall lining.
MEDIA: HAND-DRAWN
8
ROOF SYSTEM
300 x 90 PFC Steel beam with large rectangular holes and stiffener plates.
10
SERVICES & FINISHING TRADES
PVC Pipes with a 110mm cross section installed by the plumber.
MEDIA: HAND-DRAWN ABPL20033 - 2019, JONATHAN STATHY | 914203 |Tutorial 12 | Tutor: Petar Petrov | p. 2
SECTION A
5
WALL SYSTEMS Zinc KLIP-LOK cladding over 15mm C-D grade plywood over 30mm THK Battens. The bottom edge of the cladding is folded over to tuck behind the soffit lining of the exterior wall.
Kitchen Bench is finished with a white, pollished exterior.
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10
8
Zinc Roof Sheeting over steel battens. The roof sheeting is laid and spaced with plywood, as the zinc is less than 1mm thick and the plywood protects the sheeting from deflection resulting from winds or human interaction.
8
1:50
ROOF SYSTEM 180 Universal Roof Bream (180 UB 18) with Timber blocking as required. The roof beam is positioned within the depth of the rafters, which connect to the timber beam inside of the roof beam. INTERNAL PARTITIONS & The roof is capped CEILING STRUCTURE on top.
9
Ship-Lap timber lining as specified over 35mm battens
300 x 100mm Zincalume Box Gutter, capped with Zinc Parapet Capping to match the cladding along the exterior of the house.
8
ROOF SYSTEM
4
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
300 x 100mm Zincalume Box Gutter with a continuous galvanised steel stiffener underneath.
300 x 90 PFC Steel beam with large rectangular holes to allow for the circulation of air handling ventilation units. The steel is bolted through 10mm cleat plates and highstrength bolts. The holes are reinforced with stiffener plates. All steelwork is compliant with AS 4100, AS 1204 and in this instance AS 11163 Grade 350 for hollow sections.
Bond Beam within the Block Wall with metal hangers.
9
5
WALL SYSTEMS
4
Blockwork wall in compliance with AS 3700. Stacked in standard half/half blockwork fashion. The blockwork lies alongside a timber stud wall, lined with insulation in a traditional Block + Stud arrangement.
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Starter bars allow for a moment connection to be made between the concrete slab and the blockwork wall. They underscore the structure of the above blockwork retaining wall and are implemented in the pouring of footings.
INTERNAL PARTITIONS & CEILING STRUCTURE
The seat sits on a 80mm THK Concrete Hearth Slab over 18mm of Particle Board Substrate.
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
240 x 45 HYSPAN LVL Floor Joists with solid blocking between joists at each end as required. These are mounted off of steel hangers attached to timber bearers and are supported by timber bearers.
2
8
ROOF SYSTEM
89 x 89 x 3.5 SHS Steel Columns, with a height difference to support the above roof joists.
ROOF SYSTEM
SERVICES & FINISHING TRADES
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
7
8
ROOF SYSTEM
2
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
Thicker footings. The Kew house comprises of two retention systems, which are made from blockwork walls (above), They are supported by thicker, 900mm wide footings. All concrete workmanship complies with AS 3600.
7
INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE
2/300 x45 HYSPAN LVL Bearer within the floor joist depth. It is nailed together and laminated within the requirements of AS 1684. There are two of these bearers together to support the floor joists.
1
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
The excavator has dug trenches which are longer than the standard footings. They have been extended from 100mm to 500mm to adapt to the soil conditions of the site
1
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
A polyethylene membrane is placed on top of a sand bed to waterproof the slab and footings.
1
FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Timber stud wall, with 90 x 90 EA Bolted to wall on each side to support the staircase. The carpenter nailed the bottom plate of these walls as the slab cured. They were constructed with noggings at 450mm and at different levels so that they can be nailed in. On exterior walls, insulation was fitted into the open space of the stud walls to prevent the loss of heat from the house. All Timber is in compliance with AS 1720 and AS 1684.
The soil on site is “Class M Soil”, meaning that it comprises of clay and the structure which sits on site must have extended footings to adapt to these conditions.
MEDIA: HAND-DRAWN ABPL20033 - 2019, JONATHAN STATHY | 914203 |Tutorial 12 | Tutor: Petar Petrov | p. 3
CONSTRUCTION STAGES 1-5, SUMMARY
1. FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: EXCAVATION, DEMOLITION AND FOOTINGS
2. FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: RETAINMENT AND SERVICES PIPES LAYOUT
1.1. The relevant permits are obtained by the builder, including an asset protection permit, building permit, town planning permit, and demolition permit. 1.2. The demolition contractor inspects the site for latent conditions, including asbestos. 1.3. The demolition contractor engages sub-contractors to inspect the previous dwelling to determine whether any salvageable materials exist. 1.4. Demolition commences and the old structure is removed, including the old footings. 1.5. A land surveyor measures the site in accordance with the Australian Height Datum. 1.6. After demolition, excavation commences and the excavator digs trenches for the footings and excavates the site to the required Relative Level of the builder’s construction notes. 1.7. In the Kew House, footings must be dug deeper or wider because the site has “Class M” soil which “moves”. 1.8. A polyethylene membrane is placed on top of a sand bed to waterproof the slab and footings. 1.9. The footings are poured. 1.9.1. An extension of the strip footing’s thickness (to support the blockwork for the retainment) is made based on the condition of the Class M Soil.
2.1. Prior to excavation, all services, such as gas and electricity, are switched off, but not the water. 2.2. Prior to the plumbing beginning, the plumber obtains a PIC number to gain permission from the local water authority to commence work. 2.2.1. The plumber digs trenches and lays out the screening and pipes so they sit 1.5m underground, in accordance with the builder’s drawings. Typically, the plumber uses PVC pipes with a 110mm cross section. 2.3. The Kew House comprises of two retention systems which are made from blockwork walls, supported by thicker, 900mm footings. 2.4. Note that the retainment is incorporated after the concrete slab and footings are poured. This is because retainment not only requires the thicker footings, but starter bars, which are incorporated with the pouring of the slab. 2.5. The blockwork is built by way of laying horizontal bars on the top of each layer of blockwork to hold it together. 2.6. Waterproofing is provided to all lower ground floor retaining walls, as specified.
3. FOUNDATION SYSTEMS: RETAINMENT AND SERVICES PIPES LAYOUT 3.1. Reinforcing bars for footings and mesh for the slab is placed according to the engineer’s specifications. 3.2. Check the tags on the slab mesh to ensure that the correct mesh has been selected. 3.3. The formwork is built and the lowerground floor slab is poured alongside the footings. 3.4. The wet concrete is smoothened using the “helicopter” method. 3.4.1. In the Kew House, the top slab is done first, followed by the retention slab and the floor slab, because some soil must be retained. 3.5. Starter bars are placed where retention walls will stand, and yellow caps are placed on top for safety purposes. 3.6. The slab cures over 3 days (early strength), 7 days (half of its strength) and 21 days (90% of drying). 3.7. Concrete in the rumpus room is polished 10 days into the curing process. 3.8. The concrete must conform with AS3600. 3.9. The middle section of the house, located between the two retainment systems, comprises of a traditional joist and bearer floor, supported by stumps and footings. 3.10. Stumps are fitted with termite caps and configured to the engineer’s specifications. At least 250mm of clearance is required between the ground level and the underside of the timber structure.
4. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 4.1. The carpenter uses string line to “chalk out” the location of the structural frames. 4.2. Timber is delivered for the ground floor in accordance with the engineer’s specifications and the carpenter models the bottom plates for the ground floor. 4.3. On day 3 or 4 day of the slab curing, the carpenter nails the bottom plate of the exterior walls into the slab. 4.4. The external walls are constructed first, as they are the largest and must be lifted. 4.5. The external walls are constructed horizontally, and structural bracing (cross-bracing) is added before a wall is lifted. The bracing is only tightened after it has been plumed by a carpenter. Plywood bracing is used for large openings. 4.6. Walls are constructed to the engineer’s specifications with noggings at 450mm, and at different levels so that they can be nailed in. 4.7. The walls are lifted and braced onto the slab using a temporary wood bracing which prevents the wall from falling over. 4.8. The steel manufacturer is called to measure the walls on site, as the builder’s drawings will not account for real world variations. 4.9. The steel is ordered and transported to site and it is usually bolted through cleat plates that have been welded on in the factory or site welded. 4.10. Steel columns are installed through cleat plates or pre-existing factory welding. 4.11. Stud ties are incorporated in accordance with NCC standards. A stud tie is used at every third stud to prevent the building from being uplifted in the event of a cyclone. 4.11.1. The stud tie has a gang plate so that it can be hammered in to catch the stud. Carpenters have used offcuts of diagonal bracing for stud ties.
ABPL20033 - 2019, JONATHAN STATHY | 914203 |Tutorial 12 | Tutor: Petar Petrov | p. 4
5. WALL SYSTEMS: EXTERNAL WALLS AND CLADDINGS 5.1. Insulation is fitted into the stud walls 5.2. Windows are added prior to the cladding (see stage 6), as the builder needs to know how to execute the cladding in accordance with the layout of the windows. 5.3. Blockwork is assembled against structural stud walls. 5.4. Cladding is attached to the top of the structure by packing up timber from joists. 5.5. Zinc KLIP-LOK and timber cladding is installed with an adhesive protective barrier. This cannot be installed where apron flashing must first be installed over roof systems. 5.6. Scaffolding is used to comply with AS1576 and includes kickboards to prevent tools from being kicked below. 5.7. At this stage, the builder considers the roof systems and the use of roof plumbers to complete the necessary roof sheeting and box gutters.
CONSTRUCTION STAGES 6-10, SUMMARY
8. ROOF SYSTEM: ROOF STRUCTURE AND COVER
6. WINDOW SYSTEMS 6.1. Conventional aluminium “Rylock” framed windows are installed before the cladding is introduced and after the structural systems are erected. 6.2. The windows are only nailed down once all of the external bracing is completed. 6.3. The windows arrive on site inside large reveals which are nailed into their corresponding studs using bullet nails, as required by AS1684. 6.4. Windows correspond to additional (double or triple) studs to reinforce the windows. 6.5. Where an architrave is to be applied, plaster board is run all the way in and around the window to close the gap between the window and double stud. 6.6. The windows are sealed to prevent heat loss from within the building’s envelope.
7. INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE 2.1. 7.1. All of the ground floor internal and external walls must be erected before the intermediate floor structure is installed. 7.2. Structural beams are craned and bolted into place 7.3. Joists and bearers are applied with the correct span and spacing to ensure that the floor structure will hold up 7.4. Flooring substrate is nailed to the joists. 7.5. A temporary safety railing is installed for safety purposes on the upper levels. 7.6. The timber members are large and PosiStruts are avoided because the floor will flex.
8.1. Scaffolding and safety barriers must be used for safety purposes in compliance with AS 1576. 8.2. Stud ties are incorporated and attached by gang plates in accordance with NCC standards. 8.3. All steel columns and timber structural elements must be installed before the roofing joists are implemented. 8.4. The roof of the Kew House comprises of joists, a ridge beam and another joist and there is a raked ceiling over the living area. A piece of timber is added inside the section of the PFC. 8.4.1. Noggings are applied between roof joists for lateral restraint 8.5. Steel beams are craned into place. 8.6. Each steel beam is pre-drilled and a bolt, washer and nut connect the timber to these beams. Hanging plates are attached to the timber, which hang the joists off of them. 8.7. The Zinc roof sheeting is laid and spaced with plywood. The Zinc is less than 1mm thick and the plywood acts as backing for strength. 8.7.1. To install the KLIP-LOK 700, the steel batons are drilled every 700mm. Apron flashing is added and is a prerequisite for installing the clipped zinc cladding on the Kew House. 8.8. The roof is capped and the structure is made water-tight. 8.9. Reflective insulation sheeting is installed tyo line the roof.
9. INTERNAL PARTITIONS AND CEILING STRUCTURE 9.1. Stud walls are added in accordance with the engineer’s specifications and noggings are placed at different levels and lintels. 9.2. Interior blockwork is constructed against structural stud walls. 9.3. The cavities in the internal partition walls are sealed. 9.4. Carpenters construct internal features. 9.5. Water-resistant plasterboard is incorporated in wet areas and they are then waterproofed. 9.6. Standard plasterboard is installed in dry areas. 9.7. Plasterboard ceilings are hung and sanded.
ABPL20033 - 2019, JONATHAN STATHY | 914203 |Tutorial 12 | Tutor: Petar Petrov | p. 5
10. SERVICES AND FINISHING TRADES 10.1. Plasterwork is done, including the “stopping” of the plaster to cover all screw holes. 10.1.1. All the plaster is sanded and a base coat and top coat is applied. 10.2. Floorboards and tiling are installed and finished where appropriate. This is done after the painter paints the house to prevent the floor being stained by paint. 10.3. Fittings, including lighting, bathroom fittings, and taps are installed. 10.4. Water is turned on manually. A hole is made in the cladding for the connection of water services with the copper pipe. 10.5. Services, including gas and electricity, are turned on. 10.6. Telecom, air conditioning, gas, electricity, water and plumbing are connected to appliances and fittings. 10.7. Wooden floors are treated and the carpet is laid. 10.8. The site is cleaned, inspection takes place and the property is handed over.