Citizen architects are citizens first, architects second. Our concepts and buildings are all too human; not separate from the world we live in, but are very much of it. We learn of ourselves, our surroundings, through the lens of society. We observe the strengths, faults, differences and ambitions of those around us. That is to say, our strengths, faults and ambitions. Rather than playing the role of the inventor, purposely creative, a wizard with an indiscriminate pencil for a wand, the citizen architect is more of an archaeologist. Always digging. Always sorting. And occasionally coming across an architecture truly remarkable, as if what we have discovered has existed long before our involvement. This found architecture scares us and, at the same time, is a source of infinite hope. In this architecture, there is no flashy rhetoric, no truth with a capital “T,� nor a manifesto for reference. In the end, these discoveries result in question marks, not periods. Its result does not merely serve the architect’s turn. It simply is.
The contents within this monograph are to me what various chemicals in the lab may be to a chemist, ingredients for a larger experiment. In this case, these architectural ingredients are intentionally confronted with the nature of humans, creating spaces of greed, of compassion, of unfettered capitalism and violent interaction. In other words, it is an architecture that can do, not merely represent. It takes a stance. And because of this, the architecture is susceptible of success, of failure, of atrocity and of utmost kindness. Nonetheless, it is an architecture that forgoes all responsibility to upkeep a perfectly autonomous, self-referential definition of itself in exchange for the complex contradictions of being human, all too human.
This architecture scares me. And yet, it is a source of endless hope.
I suspect that an architecture that boldly embraces our imperfect nature, erects walls and columns as greedy and compassionate as we are.
Each project was an opportunity to question my understanding of architecture’s relationship to the human condition.
Each project is in response to a given program by the critics.
MONOGRAPH OVERVIEW This monograph consists of five, one-week projects developed on a single Manhattan block, split into five parcels, located between 12th and 11th Avenue and 40th and 39th Street.
WEEK FIVE Place of Stay, Hotel
WEEK FOUR Place of Performance
WEEK THREE Place of Storage
WEEK TWO Place of Retail
WEEK One Place of Cult
PLACE OF CULT, PAGE 36
PLACE OF PERFORMANCE, PAGE 08
PERFORMERS & SPECTATORS DECEIVERS &
DATE OF PUBLICATION Spring 2014
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
CRITICS Ada Tolla Giuseppe Lignano Thomas De Monchaux
PRODUCTION SITE 600 level of Avery Hall, third row to the left, second desk from the window with the empty Smart Water bottle and scattered sketchbooks
ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE VI The Monograph Studio
CITIZEN ARCHITECT Jose Luis Gabriel Cruz
PLACE OF STAY, HOTEL, PAGE 134
PLACE OF RETAIL, PAGE 98
PLACE OF STORAGE, PAGE 70
THE DECEIVED DEVELOPERS & HOARDERS BUYERS & SELLERS EXPLORERS & THE CITY
NARRATIVE From the moment we wake, we perform — for ourselves and for others. Each act, each word spoken in conversation exhibits an acquired knowledge, a learned skill, no matter how spectacular or dull. We are our own spectacle and at all times subject to judgement from spectators who, in turn, are themselves performing.
CONCEPT The concept is first to understand the scales and spatial arrangements in which people perform and spectate. This, in turn, suggests relationships between the two. The intention then is to catalog a series of these spatial relationships in order to understand a range of densities from which I can conceptualize the organization and sequence of the building. This exercise attempts to discover a new method of designing spaces that begins, not necessarily with a geometric intent, but rather a social one - combining diverse groups of people with even more diverse areas of knowledge and learned skills. WEEK FOUR
PLACE OF PERFORMANCE
PERFORMERS & SPECTATORS
GROSS SQUARE FEET ###,###
SITE MEASUREMENTS 160’ X 180’
PROGRAM Place of Performance
8
9
Spectators are as much of a show as the performer
PROGRAM CATALOG of performers and spectators
A
1
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CATALOG OF SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERFORMERS and spectators
A E
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10
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6
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12
ABSTRACTED SPECTATOR / PERFORMER spatial RELATIONSHIPS
A E
7
8
9
10
ground level programming
mid level programming
the hybridization of numerous spatial arrangements results in new, unexpected programs
upper level programming
ground level plan
mid level plan
the translation of program into volumes of space
upper level plan
upper level program
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS BASED depicting ON PROGRAMMATIC POSSIBILITIES volumes exploded in space range of programmatic arrangements
south elevation
north elevation
east elevation
west elevation
upper level perspective
cross section
We absorb the present spirit of the times, translate, remix, then re-present it back to society in the form of spatial and programmatic narratives. Like filmmakers, our stories begin and end with characters who border between banality and wonder, disengagement and euphoric ecstasy, deep insight and grave misunderstanding. We embrace these contradictions — while searching for clarity.
NARRATIVE Charles Manson, Jim Jones and Adolf Hitler understood this: to achieve unrelenting compliance, you must assume the role of facilitator, captivating a group of individuals by promising unattainable promotion. The pressure from the deceiver upon the deceived comes in various forms — psychological, physical and spiritual. Thoughtstopping repetition and ritual converts the deceived into mindless followers. This self-perpetuating machine ultimately creates two distinct and exclusive interfaces, one between the insiders and one between the outsiders. Newcomers are welcome to partake in group rituals, giving an appearance of happiness and genuine experience. This seductive event encourages individuals to seek further discipleship, ushering them into small groups in which hard instruction and prolonged meditation diminish doubt and thereby strengthening compliance within the illusionary framework. Through a series of group related activities, offset by personal devotion time, individuals become members, ultimately adapting the imposed worldview and discarding their ‘guilt-filled’ past. By then, the indoctrination is complete.
Surfaces — opaque, transparent and translucent — and the absence of them suggest a sequence by which unsuspecting and vulnerable newcomers comply with, absentmindedly.
CONCEPT The concept of the plan depends upon the superimposition of two realities: the sheep and the wolf expressed in two explicit architectures, two conflicting languages which coexist in one building.
WEEK ONE
PLACE OF CULT
DECEIVERS &
GROSS SQUARE FEET ###,###
SITE MEASUREMENTS 160’ X 180’
PROGRAM Place of Cult
36
THE DECEIVED
37
We used to think this world was — this world was not our home. Well, it sure isn’t — it sure wasn’t.
REVEREND JIM JONES SPEAKING TO HIS CONGREGATION AS THEY WILLINGLY DRINK CYANIDE TO THEIR DEATHS
(Inaudible) ... Don’t, don’t fail to follow my advice. You’ll be sorry. You’ll be sorry. If we do it, than they do it. Have trust. You have to step across. (Music)
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REVEALING OF TWO CONTRASTING ARCHITECTURES
COLLAPSING TWO ARCHITECTURES INTO ONE ENTITY
UNDERLYING PLAN DETERMINES MOMENTS OF DEFLECTION
exploded shell exterior , ‘the sheep and the wolf’
top floor plan
ground floor plan
west x-ray elevation
east x-ray elevation
south x-ray elevation
north x-ray elevation
DECEPTION THROUGH CORPORAL CONFORMITY
Deceive and lie Leave out important information Establish front groups Promise to fulfill their dreams Offer something free, make members obliged to do something in return Create sense of urgency Diminish doubt Surround members with happy true believers to create sense of normalcy Gather information and use to manipulate Make demands upon members Control behavior Prescribe rigid schedule Keep members active with as little rest as possible Control thoughts, emotion Induce guilt and fear Control information, block information Encourage spying on other members Attack self and provoke mental breakdown Interpret mental breakdowns as spiritual awakenings Make members paranoid of their own bodies Eliminate yourself of yourself Claim authority Bogus scientific research Encourage thought- stopping rituals and repetitive acts Chant Prolong meditation Revert members to mindless obedience, childishness Separate from friends and family Encourage conformity and dependency Discourage autonomy and individuality Confessionals Make them feel part of elite groups Establish enemies Demonize outsiders Us vs. Them Fighting resistance Critical thought is a crime
We see the universal in the specific. We dabble in the dumb and mundane, at times, as to become willingly passive participants amidst a public interested in collectively determining the undetermined. So we make frameworks. We set up games with loose rules to empower them, understanding that the opinions of a group is often more accurate and comprehensive than the idiosyncratic ideas of an individual ‘expert.’ We went from the master hand to the master facilitator.
GROSS SQUARE FEET ###,###
SITE MEASUREMENTS 160’ X 180’
PROGRAM Place of Storage
NARRATIVE Self-storage units are traditionally constructed in fixed sizes: from small to large units. This model isn’t the most efficient, however. It runs the risk of becoming obsolete if these predetermined sizes cannot be added to or subtracted from resulting in excess or insufficient space. This old model is stubborn, falling into the Goldilocks dilemma, ‘not too hold’ or ‘not too cold.’
CONCEPT An infrastructure that can sustain an endless accumulation of cells, however, is ‘just right.’ While some users may need one square foot of storage, others may need one million square feet of storage. Either way, a basic unit of one square foot by one square foot serves as the foundational grid that spans the entire site. Exo-skeletal elevators and stairs service the storage units at varying levels, allowing for the accumulation of these, as well, to store or retrieve small or extra-large items. WEEK THREE
70
DEVELOPERS & HOARDERS
PLACE OF STORAGE
71
140’
180’
vacant framework for storage units
full storage vacancy
plan view
no storage vacancy
speculative phase chart of occupation for framework
BUY, BUY, BUy MORE
sequence of storage acquisitions by single buyer
ADD CUBES TO YOUR PORTFOLIO
kitofparts unit
DE
TA C
HA
BL
EL
AD
DE
R
BR U ST SHE RU D CT STA UR I AL NLE PL SS AT ST BR E EE U L RE SHE CT D S AN (3’ T A 6” LE GULA INLE NG S TH R TU S S BE TE ) EL
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ER
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E
BL
A CH
FR
TA
ER
DE
N
IN
exploded axonometric unit of storage unit
x 3’
E SC
INVEST IN TO SECURE
single owner storage accumulation sequence
A PORTAL E A WAY IN!
BUY an entry NOW!
6
5
084
4
3
2
1
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
plans of entry into the framework
BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE! 085
axonometric x-ray view of storage spaces acquired
LOOK AT YOUR SPACE GROw!
vacant framework spans entire site
088
SITE SPECIFICS SITE DIMENSION
160’ x 180’
FRAME DIMENSION
160’ x 180’ x 60’
STORAGE UNITS
35,700 UNITS TOTAL
first phase of storage acquisitions
089
the undeterminable accumulation of storage units creates an ever-changing facade upon the city
one of four side entryways
south x-ray elevation
inside an owner’s acquired storage cubes
We don’t set out to build buildings; we set out to understand and address unquestioned assumptions. We envision various future architectures, identify which one most acutely resembles the story we wish to tell and pull the present forward to meet it.
GROSS SQUARE FEET 272,790
SITE MEASUREMENTS 160’ X 180’
PROGRAM Place of Retail
This type of practice marginalizes the local intelligence of the artist in Williamsburg, the florist in Astoria, the fashionista in Harlem and the tech start-up in the East Village.
Big box retailers have flooded the marketplace with these generic, yet strangely foreign products whose sales benefit the corporate heads living somewhere in Arkansas or Georgia.
NARRATIVE Our buying habits are skewed. It is not entirely our fault, however. Since the opening of the Macy’s department store in 1858, New York consumers have been buying mass produced products, mostly imported and alien to the particular lifestyle of the New York urbanite. The ground level of the site is completely open and hosts the necessary underground infrastructure to allow trucks to temporarily plug-in to a twenty-four seven market of other truck vendors. Directly above floats a big box department store.
Enter trucks.
CONCEPT The concept is purposely polemical, creating a platform from which local vendors have a space to compete for business with the likes of Wal-Mart, Cosco and Best Buy in New York City. This leveling of the playing field affords consumers a choice between the ‘generic’ versus the ‘specialized,’ the ‘globalized’ and the ‘local,’ established corporations and the informal gathering of salesmen and women. WEEK TWO
98
BUYERS & SELLERS
PLACE OF RETAIL
99
TRADITIONAL DEPARTMENT STO
L MALLS AND ORES NEED HELP.
TRUCK VENDORS DEMAND BECAU NOMADIC BUS
CREATE SUDDEN AUSE OF THEIR SINESS MODEL.
DEPARTMENT STO REQUIRE THOUSA FEET OF SPACE FO
TORES NORMALLY ANDS OF SQUARE FOR PROFITABILITY.
TRUCK VENDORS RE
REQUIRE MUCH LESS.
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
R EQ U I R ES CI R CU LATI O N I N FRASTRU CTU R E
SH ELVES PROVI D E N U M ERO U S O PTI O N S
RETAIL STOR PROVI D I N G ‘ I N D EFI N ITE’ SH O PPI N G EXPER I EN CE
VAR I O U S D EPARTM ENTS WITH I N O N E STO R E
LARG E FLO O R PLAN EN CO U RAG ES WAN D ER I N G
generic big box retail FLOOR PLAN breakdown
ORE LAYOUT
I N D IVI D UAL VEN D O RS H I G H LY D EPEN D ENT O N D EN SE PED ESTR IAN TRAFFI C
TRUCK V
R ETU R N I N G LO CAL M ERCHANTS TO TH E
AFFO R DAB LE START- U P COST
conventional TRUCK VENDOR breakdown
M ERCHAN D I SE AN D SERVI CES CAN Q U I CKLY ADAPT TO CHAN G I N G CO N SU M ER TR EN DS
O N LY O N E PO I NT O F SALE
SPECIALIZED PRO D U CT FO R SALE
VENDOR
E MAR KET
N O MAD I C STO R E
M O B I LE ADVERTI SEM ENT
D I R ECT B UYER/SELLER I NTERACTI O N
PO I NT G R I D O F TR U CK VEN D O RS
X 3
TWO FLO O RS O F TRAD ITI O NAL ‘ B I G B OX R ETAI L’
X 3
B
A
STACKING DIAGRAM depicting the intentional juxtaposition of two seemingly opposite programs
B
A
B
A
SOUTH SECTION
122’ 52’ 6’
52’
3’
104’
18’
180’ 178’
150’ 148’
120’ 118’
90’ 88’
60’ 58’
30’ 28’
0’
EAST SECTION
3’
THE PLAN CREATES DIVERSITY THROUGH UNIFORMITY
STREET SCENES
NEW ECONOMy ADJOINS THE TEMPORAL WITH THE PERMANENT, SIMULTANEOUSLY STIMULATING BOTH
COEXISTENCE OF THE TEMPORAL AND THE PERMANENT
For us, intent is secondary to effect. While inspiration may come in many forms, the resulting effect is what ultimately matters: the effect on people, on circulations, on politics, on economics. Too often, there is a chasm between what we intend to do and how others interpret it. Thus, we design as if to close this impossible gap: to design what we mean. This may bean impossible pipe dream. Nonetheless, in the end, the hope is that our architecture may become more intentional.
GROSS SQUARE FEET ###,###
SITE MEASUREMENTS 160’ X 180’
PROGRAM Place of Stay, Hotel
An architecture, therefore, that more appropriately reflects the ephemeral nature of a visitors stay is the purpose of this design exercise. The idea is rather than confining visitors in their rooms, you expose them to the city - and, in turn, the city exposes them back.
NARRATIVE A hotel, by definition, is for temporal and transient activity - a foreign residence that becomes a get-away home for a short span of time, usually no more than a few days. However, contemporary hotel designs relay a completely different message, often resorting to an aggregation of confined boxy-units. Rooms are spacious, each being 1000 square feet but a 10 feet distance from core to glass creates a tendency for the visitor to constantly face outward towards the city and their neighboring visitors.
CONCEPT The building is birthed from the idea that people like to see and be seen by others, especially in an urban setting, and especially when they’re visiting an urban setting. By devising a field condition of spheres that scatter and span the site, visitors can book a room in one of the numerous 600 foot towers that overlook the Hudson River on the west side of Manhattan. A pair of semi-circle rooms make up one floor and rise indescriminantly 60-stories high. WEEK FIVE
134
EXPLORERS & THE CITY
Week FIVE
135
HO
CAN I CREATE LEVITATING, LI AND ADDRESS OF THE URBAN
OW
A SENSE OF IT-UP SPACES S THE NEEDS N EXPLORER?
PROGRAM 120 rooms per tower X 8 towers = 960 rooms total on site Lobbies located on ground level of each tower
exploded axonometric of hotel units
conceptual plan endlessly aggregated
units rotate around a single core creating a unique silhouette as individuals walk around the towers
the towers’ facade expression alters depending on how inhabitants alter their hotel room
SERIES ONE
INDE THOU
SERIES TWO
SERIES THREE
EX OF UGHTS
reference ‘the place of cult’, page 36
reference ‘the place of cult’, page 36
reference ‘the place of cult’, page 36
reference ‘the place of cult’, page 36
reference ‘the place of cult’, page 36
reference ‘the place of performance’, page 08
reference ‘the place of performance’, page 08
reference ‘the place of performance’, page 08
reference ‘the place of performance’, page 08
reference ‘the place of storage’, page 70
To those who have reminded me that there is always another side of the story.
DATE OF PUBLICATION Spring 2014
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
CRITICS Ada Tolla Giuseppe Lignano Thomas De Monchaux
PRODUCTION SITE 600 level of Avery Hall, third row to the left, second desk from the window with the empty Smart Water bottle and scattered sketchbooks
ADVANCED ARCHITECTURE VI The Monograph Studio
CITIZEN ARCHITECT Jose Luis Gabriel Cruz
This architecture scares me. And yet, it is a source of endless hope.
I suspect that an architecture that boldly embraces our imperfect nature, erects walls and columns as greedy and compassionate as we are.
Each project was an opportunity to question my understanding of architecture’s relationship to the human condition.
Each project is in response to a given program by the critics.
MONOGRAPH OVERVIEW This monograph consists of five, one-week projects developed on a single Manhattan block, split into five parcels, located between 12th and 11th Avenue and 40th and 39th Street.
WEEK FIVE Place of Stay, Hotel
WEEK FOUR Place of Performance
WEEK THREE Place of Storage
WEEK TWO Place of Retail
WEEK One Place of Cult