All results (excluding some inappropriate material types) which are less than about 42,000 years BP and more than about ~250 BP include a calendar calibration page (also digitally available in Windows metafile (.wmf) format upon request). Calibration is calculated using the newest (2009) calibration database with references quoted on the bottom of the page. Multiple probability ranges may appear in some cases, due to short term variations in the atmospheric 14C contents at certain time periods. Examining the calibration graph will help you understand this phenomenon. Don’t hesitate to contact us if you have questions about calibration. We analyzed these samples on a sole priority basis. No students or intern researchers who would necessarily be distracted with other obligations and priorities were used in the analyses. We analyzed them with the combined attention of our entire professional staff. Thank you for prepaying the analyses. As always, if you have any questions or would like to discuss the results, don’t hesitate to contact me.
Enclosed are the radiocarbon dating results for 14 samples recently sent to us They each provided plenty of carbon for accurate measurements and all the analyses proceeded normally The report sheet contains the dating result, method used, material type, applied pretreatment and two sigma calendar calibration result (where applicable) for each sample
Sincerely, Page 1 of 7
Digita l s igna ture on file February 7, 2014 Dr. Miguel Saavedra Villanueva Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales de Chile Av Vicuna Mackenna 84 Providencia, Chile RE: Radiocarbon Dating Results For Samples TUTUQUEN 08, TUTUQUEN 09, TUTUQUEN 10, TUTUQUEN 11, TUTUQUEN 12, TUTUQUEN 13, TUTUQUEN 14, TUTUQUEN 15, TUTUQUEN 16, TUTUQUEN 17, TUTUQUEN 18, TUTUQUEN 19, TUTUQUEN 20, TUTUQUEN 21 Dear Dr Villanueva:
Dr Miguel Saavedra Villanueva Report Date: 2/7/2014 Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales de Chile Material Received: 12/19/2013 Sample Data Measured 13C/12C Conventional Radiocarbon Age Ratio Radiocarbon Age(*) Beta 368093 9340 +/ 40 BP 19 8 o/oo 9430 +/ 40 BP SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 08 ANALYSIS : AMS Standard delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cal BC 8800 to 8620 (Cal BP 10740 to 10570) Beta 368094 9330 +/ 40 BP 19 9 o/oo 9410 +/ 40 BP SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 09 ANALYSIS : AMS Standard delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cal BC 8780 to 8610 (Cal BP 10730 to 10560) Page 2 of 7
Dr Miguel Saavedra Villanueva Report Date: 2/7/2014 Sample Data 15N/14N 13C/12C Ratio Ratio Beta 368095 +7 4 o/oo 19 7 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 10 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368096 +6 8 o/oo 19 7 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 11 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368097 +7 8 o/oo 19 6 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 12 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368098 +8 4 o/oo 19 8 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 13 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Page 3 of 7
Dr Miguel Saavedra Villanueva Report Date: 2/7/2014 Sample Data 15N/14N 13C/12C Ratio Ratio Beta 368099 +8 4 o/oo 19 1 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 14 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368100 +7 4 o/oo 19 4 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 15 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368101 +8 5 o/oo 19 9 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 16 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368102 +8 1 o/oo 19 9 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 17 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Page 4 of 7
Dr Miguel Saavedra Villanueva Report Date: 2/7/2014 Sample Data 15N/14N 13C/12C Ratio Ratio Beta 368103 +9.5 o/oo 19.8 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 18 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368104 +7.9 o/oo 19.9 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 19 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368105 +8.4 o/oo 20.5 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 20 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Beta 368106 +8 7 o/oo 19 8 o/oo SAMPLE : TUTUQUEN 21 ANALYSIS : 13C/12C & 15N/14N Isotope Analysis ONLY MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT : (bone collagen): collagen extraction: with alkali Page 5 of 7
C A L I B R A T I O N O F R A D I O C A R B O N A G E T O C A L E N D A R Y E A R S ( V a r i a b l e s : C 1 3 / C 1 2 = 1 9 8 : l a b m u l t = 1 ) L a b o r a t o r y n u m b e r : B e t a - 3 6 8 0 9 3 C o n v e n t i o n a l r a d i o c a r b o n a g e : 9 4 3 0 ± 4 0 B P 2 S i g m a c a l i b r a t e d r e s u l t : ( 9 5 % p r o b a b i l i t y ) C a l B C 8 8 0 0 t o 8 6 2 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 7 4 0 t o 1 0 5 7 0 ) I n t e r c e p t d a t a I n t e r c e p t o f r a d i o c a r b o n a g e w i t h c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e : C a l B C 8 7 3 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 6 8 0 ) 1 S i g m a c a l i b r a t e d r e s u l t s : ( 6 8 % p r o b a b i l i t y ) C a l B C 8 7 6 0 t o 8 7 0 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 7 1 0 t o 1 0 6 4 0 ) a n d C a l B C 8 6 8 0 t o 8 6 4 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 6 3 0 t o 1 0 5 9 0 ) 4 9 8 5 S W 7 4 th C o u r t , M i a m i , F l o r i d a 3 3 1 5 5 • T e l : ( 3 0 5 ) 6 6 7 5 1 6 7 • F a x : ( 3 0 5 ) 6 6 3 0 9 6 4 • E M a i l: b e ta @ r a d io c a r b o n c o m B e t a A n a l y t i c R a d i o c a r b o n D a t i n g L a b o r a t o r y T a l m a , A S , V o g e l , J C , 1 9 9 3 , R a d i o c a r b o n 3 5 ( 2 ) : 3 1 7 3 2 2 A S i m p l i f i e d A p p r o a c h t o C a l i b r a t i n g C 1 4 D a t e s M a t h e m a t i c s u s e d f o r c a l i b r a t i o n s c e n a r i o S t u i v e r , e t a l , 1 9 9 3 , R a d i o c a r b o n 3 5 ( 1 ) : 1 3 7 1 8 9 , O e s c h g e r , e t a l , 1 9 7 5 , T e l l u s 2 7 : 1 6 8 1 9 2 H e a t o n , e t a l , 2 0 0 9 , R a d i o c a r b o n 5 1 ( 4 ) : 1 1 5 1 1 1 6 4 , R e i m e r , e t a l , 2 0 0 9 , R a d i o c a r b o n 5 1 ( 4 ) : 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 0 , R e f e r e n c e s t o I N T C A L 0 9 d a t a b a s e I N T C A L 0 9 D a t a b a s e u s e d R e f e r e n c e s : R a d i o c a r b o n a g e ( B P ) 9 2 8 0 9 3 0 0 9 3 2 0 9 3 4 0 9 3 6 0 9 3 8 0 9 4 0 0 9 4 2 0 9 4 4 0 9 4 6 0 9 4 8 0 9 5 0 0 9 5 2 0 9 5 4 0 B o n e c o l l a g e n 9 5 6 0 C a l B C 8 8 2 0 8 8 0 0 8 7 8 0 8 7 6 0 8 7 4 0 8 7 2 0 8 7 0 0 8 6 8 0 8 6 6 0 8 6 4 0 8 6 2 0 8 6 0 0 8 5 8 0 9 4 3 0 ± 4 0 B P Page 6 of 7
C A L I B R A T I O N O F R A D I O C A R B O N A G E T O C A L E N D A R Y E A R S ( V a r i a b l e s : C 1 3 / C 1 2 = 1 9 9 : l a b m u l t = 1 ) L a b o r a t o r y n u m b e r : B e t a - 3 6 8 0 9 4 C o n v e n t i o n a l r a d i o c a r b o n a g e : 9 4 1 0 ± 4 0 B P 2 S i g m a c a l i b r a t e d r e s u l t : ( 9 5 % p r o b a b i l i t y ) C a l B C 8 7 8 0 t o 8 6 1 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 7 3 0 t o 1 0 5 6 0 ) I n t e r c e p t d a t a I n t e r c e p t s o f r a d i o c a r b o n a g e w i t h c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e : C a l B C 8 7 0 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 6 5 0 ) a n d C a l B C 8 6 7 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 6 2 0 ) a n d C a l B C 8 6 6 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 6 0 0 ) 1 S i g m a c a l i b r a t e d r e s u l t : ( 6 8 % p r o b a b i l i t y ) C a l B C 8 7 5 0 t o 8 6 3 0 ( C a l B P 1 0 7 0 0 t o 1 0 5 8 0 ) 4 9 8 5 S W 7 4 th C o u r t , M i a m i , F l o r i d a 3 3 1 5 5 • T e l : ( 3 0 5 ) 6 6 7 5 1 6 7 • F a x : ( 3 0 5 ) 6 6 3 0 9 6 4 • E M a i l: b e ta @ r a d io c a r b o n c o m B e t a A n a l y t i c R a d i o c a r b o n D a t i n g L a b o r a t o r y T a l m a , A S , V o g e l , J C , 1 9 9 3 , R a d i o c a r b o n 3 5 ( 2 ) : 3 1 7 3 2 2 A S i m p l i f i e d A p p r o a c h t o C a l i b r a t i n g C 1 4 D a t e s M a t h e m a t i c s u s e d f o r c a l i b r a t i o n s c e n a r i o S t u i v e r , e t a l , 1 9 9 3 , R a d i o c a r b o n 3 5 ( 1 ) : 1 3 7 1 8 9 , O e s c h g e r , e t a l , 1 9 7 5 , T e l l u s 2 7 : 1 6 8 1 9 2 H e a t o n , e t a l , 2 0 0 9 , R a d i o c a r b o n 5 1 ( 4 ) : 1 1 5 1 1 1 6 4 , R e i m e r , e t a l , 2 0 0 9 , R a d i o c a r b o n 5 1 ( 4 ) : 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 0 , R e f e r e n c e s t o I N T C A L 0 9 d a t a b a s e I N T C A L 0 9 D a t a b a s e u s e d R e f e r e n c e s : R a d i o c a r b o n a g e ( B P ) 9 2 6 0 9 2 8 0 9 3 0 0 9 3 2 0 9 3 4 0 9 3 6 0 9 3 8 0 9 4 0 0 9 4 2 0 9 4 4 0 9 4 6 0 9 4 8 0 9 5 0 0 9 5 2 0 B o n e c o l l a g e n 9 5 4 0 C a l B C 8 8 0 0 8 7 8 0 8 7 6 0 8 7 4 0 8 7 2 0 8 7 0 0 8 6 8 0 8 6 6 0 8 6 4 0 8 6 2 0 8 6 0 0 9 4 1 0 ± 4 0 B P Page 7 of 7