People who People who
SHARE SOCIAL UNIT ASSIGNMENT
SOCIAL UNIT ASSIGNMENT
SOCIAL UNITS UNITS OR SYSTEMS SHARING SYSTEMS
MAJOR MAJOR PLAYERS PLAYERS
InIn 1848 two men, Karl Marx and 1848 two men, Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels, were commissioned Fredrich Engels, were commissioned byby thethe Communist league in in Germany Communist league Germany toto formulate a draft document toto formulate a draft document represent thethe goals ofof thethe workers represent goals workers movement. The resulting Communist movement. The resulting Communist Manifesto was first published in in thethe Manifesto was first published German language, in London on German language, in London on February 21st 1848 and continues toto February 21st 1848 and continues bebe one ofof thethe world’s most significant one world’s most significant publications. publications. 01 Karl Marx 01 Karl Marx
GOALS GOALS
QUOTE QUOTE
Communism Communism
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Image: One of the first cohousing settlements Image: One of the first cohousing settlements Sættedammen Project Denmark Sættedammen Project Denmark
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The modern theory ofof cohousing The modern theory cohousing originated in Denmark in in thethe 1960s. originated in Denmark 1960s. Bodil Graae wrote a newspaper article Bodil Graae wrote a newspaper article titled Children Should Have One titled Children Should Have One Hundred Parents, this ledled toto a group Hundred Parents, this a group ofof 5050 families organising a community families organising a community project in in 1967. Another key organizer project 1967. Another key organizer was Jan Gudmand Høyer who drew was Jan Gudmand Høyer who drew inspiration from hishis architectural inspiration from architectural studies atat Harvard and interaction studies Harvard and interaction with experimental U.S. communities. with experimental U.S. communities.
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03 Bodil Graae 03 Bodil Graae
means ofof communication means communication and transport in in thethe hands ofof and transport hands thethe State. State. 6.6. Extension ofof factories and Extension factories and instruments ofof production instruments production owned byby thethe State. owned State. 7.7. Equal liability ofof allall toto Equal liability labour. labour.
VALUE VALUE
HIGH HIGH
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CouchSurfing is is a non-profit organizaCouchSurfing a non-profit organization dedicated to making it more tion dedicated to making it more accessible forfor allall people toto explore accessible people explore thethe world and share inspiring experiworld and share inspiring experiences. Based onon a social networking ences. Based a social networking platform, couchsurfing allows itsits platform, couchsurfing allows members to find, correspond and members to find, correspond and meet other members with thethe meet other members with intention of finding free accommodaintention of finding free accommodation worldwide. AsAs ofof thethe 9th9th ofof tion worldwide. November there are 2,315,959 November there are 2,315,959 Couchsurfers, with thethe toptop countries Couchsurfers, with countries being the U.S, Gernany, France, U.K being the U.S, Gernany, France, U.K and Canada. and Canada.
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05 Casey Felton 05 Casey Felton
The physical design encourages both social The physical design encourages both social contact and individual space. Private homes contact and individual space. Private homes contain allall thethe features ofof conventional contain features conventional homes, but residents also have access toto homes, but residents also have access extensive common facilities and a common extensive common facilities and a common house. house.
ACohousing living environment where people significant is where relationships with neighbours are the norm experiment commitment to rather than thewith exception, where generations mix and everyonemore has a than role, where something theirpeople experiment with commitment toinsomething individual interests ... short, more than their individual interests ... in intentional community. short, intentional community.
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CouchSurfing is is notnot about thethe furniture, notnot CouchSurfing about furniture, just about finding free accommodations just about finding free accommodations around thethe world; it’sit’s about making connecaround world; about making connections worldwide. We make the world a better tions worldwide. We make the world a better place byby opening our homes, our hearts, and place opening our homes, our hearts, and our lives. our lives.
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We open our minds and welcome thethe We open our minds and welcome knowledge that cultural exchange makes knowledge that cultural exchange makes available. We create deep and meaningful available. We create deep and meaningful connections that cross oceans, continents connections that cross oceans, continents and cultures. CouchSurfing wants toto change and cultures. CouchSurfing wants change notnot only the way we travel, but how we relate only the way we travel, but how we relate toto thethe world! world!
Participate Creating Shared experiencesinbring us closer. Participate in Creating a Better a Better World, One World, One Couch At A Time Couch At A Time
Couchsurfing Motto v2.0 Couchsurfing Motto v2.0
HIGH HIGH
LOW LOW
51% 51%
You choose what you share and with who. You choose what you share and with who. You commit to sharing facilities and tasks in in aa You commit to sharing facilities and tasks community setting. community setting.
You choose what you share and with who. You choose what you share and with who. You are a member of a database of sharers soso you You are a member of a database of sharers you only need toto participate when it is beneficial and only need participate when it is beneficial and convenient. convenient.
Intuative Research
BARRIERS TO BARRIERS SHARING TO SHARING
PERSONAL LEVEL, WHAT I WOULD AND WOULDN’T SHARE
Ar ea for han gin g A3 tra nsp are nci es
REASONING REASONING FORNOT NOT FOR SHARING SHARING
COMMODITY FETISH COMMODITY FETISH
Mostpeople peoplewould wouldlike liketotoconsider considerthemselves themselvesasaskind, kind,generous generousand andcapable capableofof Most sharing but there are a few barriers that prevent many people from sharing much sharing but there are a few barriers that prevent many people from sharing asasmuch as they would like to. Some things to consider include, sentimentality and value, as they would like to. Some things to consider include, sentimentality and value, intimacyand andhygiene hygieneconcerns, concerns,the thepleasure pleasureofofownership ownership( enjoying ( enjoyinghaving having intimacy something for yourself) and finally time and convenience, sharing often means something for yourself) and finally time and convenience, sharing often means communication and negotiation with others. communication and negotiation with others.
Commodity fetishism is a term that was coined by Karl Marx, it is used to describe the[at times religious] symbolic attribution of power, or human characteristics to an object. Commodity fetishism is a term that was coined by Karl Marx, it is used to describe the[at times religious] symbolic attribution of power, or human characteristics to an object. In The System of Objects (1968) Jean Baudrillard expanded on this notion by exploring the Marginal Object or non-functional system. One example given by Baudrillard is the In The System of Objects (1968) Jean Baudrillard expanded on this notion by exploring Antique. “They appear to run counter to the requirements of functional calculation, and answer the Marginal Object or non-functional system. One example given by Baudrillard is the to other kinds of demands such as witness, memory, nostalgia or escapism.” Antique. “They appear to run counter to the requirements of functional calculation, and answer
toThese other kinds of demands such as witness, memory, nostalgia or escapism.” objects that we fetishize; that we
MAJOR PLAYERS MAJOR PLAYERS HUMAN OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS HUMAN OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
give power and meaning to. We create These objects that we fetishize; that we in order to represent people, times and give power and meaning to. We create places in our lives, perhaps in an in order to represent people, times and attempt to make the ephemeral places in our lives, perhaps in an something tangible, permanent, and attempt to make the ephemeral accessible. something tangible, permanent, and accessible. 01 Karl Marx
01 Karl Marx
02 Jean Baudrillard
01 01
02 02
02 Jean Baudrillard
Dr. Sheldon Cashdan (1988) is one of the prominent voices in phychotherapy regarding the interesting field of human relationships with objects. Author of Object Relations Therapy Dr. Dr. Sheldon Cashdan (1988) is one of the prominent voices in phychotherapy regarding the Cashadan outlines a Four Stage Model when dealing with object attachment or fetishism: interesting field of human relationships with objects. Author of Object Relations Therapy Dr. Cashadan outlines a Four Stage Model when dealing with object attachment or fetishism: Stage 1 is Engagement, an assessment of the current situation. Stage 1 is Engagement, an assessment of the current situation. Stage 2 is Projective Identification (thought identification), the person is made to reflect of why an object may be important, what it represents wether a person, relationship, place or Stage 2 is Projective Identification (thought identification), the person is made to reflect of time? why an object may be important, what it represents wether a person, relationship, place or time? Stage 3 is Confrontation, discussion takes place on the role the object plays, and if there is an unhealthy dependency. Does it influence behavior? Is it olaying a negative role? Stage 3 is Confrontation, discussion takes place on the role the object plays, and if there is an unhealthy dependency. Does it influence behavior? Is it olaying a negative role? Stage 4 is Termination, the person is asked to begin the process of letting go of the object, separation temporary and then permanent ensues. Stage 4 is Termination, the person is asked to begin the process of letting go of the object, separation temporary and then permanent ensues.
FINDINGS & DESIGN QUESTION FINDINGS & DESIGN QUESTION
The value of an object is often something attributed by its owner. Functionality and utility is not always a primary value. Objects allow themselves to represent many things, choices, places, times and people. On a basic level they can represent a relationship when given or recieved as a gift. The value of an object is often something attributed by its owner. Functionality and utility is not always a primary value. Objects allow themselves to represent many things, choices, places, times and people. On a basic level they can represent a relationship when given or recieved as a gift.
REASONSEXPLAINED EXPLAINED REASONS
Trust Trust
Trust, having a relationship with person you Trust, having a relationship with thethe person you sharing something with often helps areare sharing something with often helps in in thethe exchange process. It enables lender feel exchange process. It enables thethe lender to to feel secure, and safe about transaction secure, and safe about thethe transaction
Intimacy Intimacy
Sentimentality, is a big barrier to sharing. It
is a big barrier to sharing. It Sentimentality Sentimentality, alows object transend rational monetary Sentimentality alows thethe object to to transend rational monetary value, and makes it percious, nostalgic and
Pleasure Pleasure
value, and makes it percious, nostalgic and irreplacable a certain extent irreplacable to to a certain extent
A
A
fetishism creates a physical process, commodity object with aofmetaphysical A This fetishism creates physical meaning. Theseainclude object with a metaphysical giving it associations. meaning. These include it associations. The introduction B giving C This process overrides The object of an object becomes entangled monetary value. So introduction The object process overrides during an Event, C This with memory, and sentimental associaB The ofcauses an object becomes monetary value and functional the object an object of theentantion goes up and during an Event, with memory, use. So sentimental value goes to inadvertadly past, gled unless shared monetary value stops causes the object and an object of up and monetary value stops represent place, or given away being associated totime inadvertadly the past, unless being associated, chances are and person represent place, shared or given the product stops being used time and person away on a day to day basis
C OBJEC
SEN
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NTA L ASSOCIATION
C
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OBJEC
MON
RESEARCH RESEARCH
PHASE PHASE
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ETAR Y+F
ASSOCIATION UNC TION AL
VALUE OVER TIME
A A
B B
C C
signficance
By Joshua Glenn, Carol Hayes By Joshua Glenn, Carol Hayes
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TA
EXAMPLE OBJECTS EXAMPLE OBJECTS Taken from Taking things Taken from seriously: Taking things75 objects with seriously: 75 unexpected objects with signficance unexpected
PHASE PHASE
Pleasure, can also defined selfishness. Pleasure, can also bebe defined asas selfishness. In In some circumstances, there intense pleasure some circumstances, there is is anan intense pleasure that a person can feel owning something that a person can feel byby owning something special, and having it all themselves. special, and having it all to to themselves.
THE PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY BEHIND NOT SHARING
B
A
RESEARCH RESEARCH
Objects that have close personal contact Objects that have close personal contact areare very intimate and personal. These objects very intimate and personal. These areare objects that because hygiene and social convention that because of of hygiene and social convention rarely shared. areare rarely shared.
Thematic Analysis
B
A Role as a The prompt A Memory Spiritual or Associated trophy or for story Trigger giving it with an Astatus Role as a The prompt or Associated object telling A Memory Spiritual religious Emotional trophy or for story Trigger giving it with an status feeling status object telling religious Emotional status feeling This process, of commodity
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PHASE
06 User Profile for 06 User Profile for
Juan J. J. Mazo Juan Mazo
80% 80%
PHASE RESEARCH
Image: Couchsurfing website Image: Couchsurfing website
The CouchSurfing project was The CouchSurfing project was originally conceived by Casey Fenton originally conceived by Casey Fenton in in 1999. According toto Fenton’s own 1999. According Fenton’s own account, thethe idea arose after finding account, idea arose after finding anan inexpensive flight from Boston toto inexpensive flight from Boston Iceland. Rather than stay at a hostel, Iceland. Rather than stay at a hostel, Fenton randomly e-mailed 1,500 Fenton randomly e-mailed 1,500 students from the University ofof students from the University Iceland asking if he could stay. Fenton Iceland asking if he could stay. Fenton ultimately received more than 5050 ultimately received more than offers ofof accommodation. offers accommodation.
04 Jan Gudmand Høyer 04 Jan Gudmand Høyer
Cohousing is is a type ofof collaborative housing Cohousing a type collaborative housing in in which residents actively participate in in thethe which residents actively participate design and operation ofof their own design and operation their own neighbourhoods.Cohousing residents are neighbourhoods.Cohousing residents are consciously committed toto living asas a commuconsciously committed living a community. nity.
Karl Marx Karl Marx
You share everything oror own nothing. You share everything own nothing. 100% compliance. 100% compliance.
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Couchsurfing Couchsurfing
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Image: Russian Communist poster promoting Image: Russian Communist poster promoting women in Science. women in Science.
The Thetheory theoryofofthe theCommunism Communism may maybebesummed summedup upininthe thesingle single sentence: sentence:Abolition Abolitionofofprivate private property property
100% 100%
Cohousing Cohousing
0202
AA cohousing community is is a type ofof cohousing community a type intentional community composed of intentional community composed of private homes, supplemented byby private homes, supplemented extensive common facilities. A extensive common facilities. A cohousing community planned, cohousing communityis is planned, owned and managed byby thethe residents, owned and managed residents, groups of people who want more groups of people who want more interaction with their neighbours. interaction with their neighbours. Common facilities vary butbut usually Common facilities vary usually include a large kitchen and dining include a large kitchen and dining room where residents can take turns room where residents can take turns cooking forfor thethe community. Other cooking community. Other facilities may include a laundry, pool, facilities may include a laundry, pool, child care facilities, offices, internet child care facilities, offices, internet access, guest rooms, game room, TVTV access, guest rooms, game room, room, tool room or a gym. room, tool room or a gym.
thethe property ofof allall emigrants property emigrants and rebels. and rebels. 4.4. Centralisation ofof credit in in Centralisation credit thethe hands of the State, by hands of the State, by means ofof a national bank means a national bank with State capital and anan with State capital and exclusive monopoly. exclusive monopoly. 5.5. Centralisation ofof thethe Centralisation
SHARING SHARING METER METER
LOOKING AT THE BIG PICTURE
Communism is is a political and Communism a political and economic doctrine that aims forfor aa economic doctrine that aims classless society structured upon classless society structured upon communal ownership ofof thethe means ofof communal ownership means production (e.g., mines, mills, and production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories ) and thethe end ofof wage labour factories ) and end wage labour and private property. For much of thethe and private property. For much of 20th century, in in fact, about one-third 20th century, fact, about one-third ofof thethe world’s population lived under world’s population lived under communist regimes. These regimes communist regimes. These regimes were characterized byby thethe rule ofof aa were characterized rule single party that tolerated nono opposisingle party that tolerated opposition and little dissent. tion and little dissent.
02 Fredrich Engels 02 Fredrich Engels
1.1. Abolition ofof property in in Abolition property land and application ofof allall land and application rents ofof land toto public rents land public purposes. purposes. 2.2. AA heavy progressive oror heavy progressive graduated income tax. graduated income tax. 3.3. Abolition ofof allall right ofof Abolition right inheritance.Confiscation ofof inheritance.Confiscation
Initial Research into Sharing Systems
RESEARCH
D D
E E
F F
Taking things Seriously is a Taking things of compilation Seriously is a stories. objects and compilation of How they were objects and stories. aquited and why they How they were have significance to aquited and why they the owner. have significance to the owner. The ones of the left
belong to The ones of the left A Craig Lupien belong to B Tom Nealson AC Craig LisaLupien Crystal Carver BD Tom Nealson Kevin Saunders CE Lisa Crystal Carver Naomi Chichiwan D FKevin Saunders Jen Collins E Naomi Chichiwan F Jen Collins
Conclusion
IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN DIRECTION
How can a design create an opportunity How can design make the process of for people to share sentimental objects? sharing or passing on sentimental How can design make the process of sharing or giving them away easier when their time is up? objects easier? JO SZCZEPANSKA 2ND YR SOCIAL DESIGN SOCIAL UNITS, THOMAS LOMÉE
RESEARCH RESEARCH
PHASE PHASE
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