Derek's book by steph.fellows

SHISHONG

Journeyman

NCEPTUAL DESIGN

EDUCATIONAL WATER STORAGE

International,

PREFAB CISTERNS EMBEDED IN WALL

PRECEDENTS

BIO-SAND FILTE

COVERED INTAKE

CONSTRUCT A WATER CATCHMENT PROVIDE EFFICIENT PUMPING AND PIPING TO COMPLEX

EXISITING SITE: 8° SLOPE

CREATE WATER FILTRATION AND TREATMENT PLANT ON SITE

Design and Construction Proposal HARVEST RAINWATER AND STORE IN CISTERNS FOR LATRE USE AND RECYCLE WASTE GREY WATER

CARBON PREFILTER

HAND PUMP

EDUCATE THE VISITORS

WATER FILTRATION + GARDENS ORIENTATED WITH THE TOPOGRAPHY

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION

ELECTRICITY

MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN IS INFLUENCED FROM THE TRADITIONAL MUSGUM HUT COMPOUND PLAN ARRANGEMENTS

AREA WILL BE REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ALL OF THE ELECTRICTY ON SITE PRIMARILy tHROUGH SOLAR, WIND, AND BIOMASS SYSTEMS

MUSGUM PLAN

HOUSING STEPS DOWN THE SITE AND IS ARRANGED IN A 32° ANGLE TOWARDS THE CITY OF KUMBO

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

INTERIOR PLASTER

COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCK (STEB)

LOCAL VOLCANIC STONE

AGRICULTURE

Africa Research and E xchange Academy Kumbo, Ca mer oon AGRICULTURE WILL PLAY A BIG ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF AREA. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTUAL PROCESSES WILL IMPLEMENTED AND TAUGHT. THE LOCAL CROPS WILL BE USED FOR FOOD FOR THE COMPLEX AND ALSO SOLD BACK TO THE CITY.

ENTIRE CENTER IS BLENDED WITH THE TERRAIN AND IS REMINISCENT OF THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE AND LAVA FLOWS

PROGRAM

E ANALYSIS 16 in

AFRICAN

12 in 8 in

CLASSROOMS

DORM

FITNESS

ANNUAL WINDROSE

ENJOY

AGRICULTURE

GARDENS

EXPLORE

INFRASTRUCTURE

PIPING

11+ MPH 9-10 MPH 7-8 MPH 5-6 MPH 2-4 MPH MPH 1

SUSTAINABILITY

72.3°

60.5°

APRIL 6: HIGHEST POINT

LOWEST POINT

WINTER SOSLTICE

AGUA INC

BEES CHICKEN AGRICULTURE CENTER

WATER CATCHMENT MAIN COMPLEX STABLES

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FILTRATION GYM

WATER

YOGA

OOF DESIGN: OUNT OKU

SPA SERVICES

RAIN CATCHMENT RESTAURANT ENERGY POOL

HOUSES LOUNGE

ENTRY CONFERENCE

OFFICE

OUSING HUTS

APT.

200 200 100

SCALE 400

0’

100

SCALE 400

PARKING

PATHWAYS

LIVESTOCK

WATER

POULTRY

WASTE

BEES

ELECTRICITY

CROPS

GYM

APT.

NATURAL POOL

50°F

HOUSE

BICYCLE ROOM

60°F

HEALTH

OFFICES

70°F

STICE R 21)

HUT

LOCKER ROOM

80°F

OINT 2:23)

SUPPORT

BIKE PATHS

POOL AND SPA

YOGA STUDIO

OUTDOOR EXERCISE

CONSTRUCTED

WEIGHT ROOM

RESTROOMS

LOUNGE

ACADEMY

LEISURE

SHOPPING

CHECK-IN

90°F

CAFE

EXCHANGE

SERVICES

SECURITY

MONTH

AND

RESIDENCES

AMENITIES

LIBRARY

CONFERENCE HALL

RESTAURANT

RESEARCH

COMPLEX

4 in

STICE NE 21)

STICE

Inc.

SITE GOALS

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

NOTE FROM DESIGNER As a student, I am constantly questioning the idea that there is more to this world than just designing for the 1% in the western world. How can my architectural talents be used to further humanity and change the world. After four years of intense architectural practice and theory resulting in nothing physical to show for, I desire my thesis year to be spent towards something great. I am proud to say, that alongside Journeyman International, I will be serving as the Architectural Designer for the African Research and Exchange Academy (AREA) project in rural Kumbo, Cameroon. This project marks the first time that I will be able to utilize my skills and talents for the making of a better world. I am extremely exciting for this amazing opportunity and I believe it will become a turning point in my architectural path. The book you are holding represents my initial research for AREA and I am looking forward to presenting the final design soon. In the coming months, our team will be hard at work to bring this project to life at full scale. Please stay in touch. Sincerely, Derek McFarland

FOR WA R D

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

SUMMARY TEAM RESEARCH

PRECEDENT DESIGN CONSTRUCT

Executive Summary

Project Teams 10 Project Research 16 Africa in Miniature 18 People of Cameroon 20 About Cameroon 22 Economics of Cameroon 26 About Kumbo, Cameroon 30 Culture of Kumbo 36 Climate 42 Volcanic Line 44 Vernacular Architecture 46 Water in Kumbo 48 Electricity/Waste in Kumbo 54 Project Precedents

Project Design 70 AREA 72 Site Context 76 Site Analysis 82 Program 84 Preliminary Design 90 Conceptual Design 92 Final Design 100 Typical Wall Construction Project Cost Estimation Construction TImeline

130 132 136

FOR WA R D

• JOURNEYMAN INTERNATIONAL - Design and Project Management - Daniel Wiens, Steph Fellows, Andrew Goodwin • AFRICAN RESEARCH & EXCHANGE ACADEMY - Non-profit and social venture based in Boulder, Colorado

- Dr. Ajume Wingo, Eric Wirba

• LOCATION: Kumbo, North West, Cameroon • POPULATION: 20,549,221 • SLOGAN: Africa in Miniature • CLIMATE: Dry Season (Mar -Oct) Wet Season (Nov-Feb) • REGIONS: 10 Regions, 58 Departments, 315 Communes • CURRENCY: Central African Franc • RELIGION: Mostly Catholic Christian • LANGUAGE: English and French

• LOCATION: Operations - Boulder, Colorado Campus - Kumbo, Cameroon • GOALS

A RE A CA M E RO O N

Water: collection, distribution, and treatment Energy: affordable, reliable, and renewable Agriculture: sustainable, efficient Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation Social Enterprise: to improve well-being

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

• LOCATION: 6 Miles North-East of Kumbo, Cameroon • SIZE: 366 Acres • LANDSCAPE: High Mountains, rocky/volcanic, grazing lands • CLIMATE: Strong east winter winds, 60 inches per year of rain • EXISTING: Neighboring personal houses and gardens

• DESIGN: African Vernacular and Volcanic Influence • SQUARE FOOTAGE: 111,900 SF • PROGRAM: Conferences, Research labs, Recreation, Housing, Amenities, etc • WATER: Water collection, treatment, and storage facilities • ENERGY: Solar power and Bio-Mass facilities • AGRICULTURE: Livestock, Crops, Bee’s facilities • MATERIALS: Concrete, Local Stone, Rammed Earth, Light Steel, Green Roofs

• TOTAL PROJECT COST: $39, 979, 400 • PHASE ONE TIMELINE: begin: 01/2015, complete phase one: 01/2019 • PHASE TWO TIMELINE: complete phase two: 01/2020

P ROJ E CT T E A M

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P ROJ E CT DATA

PROJECT TEAMS JI

AREA

JOURNEYMAN INTERNATIONAL

The Journeyman International vision was launched with the intent of filling the expertise void between international NGO’s and the new facilities they construct. While developing a dental clinic in Belize as a senior project, a group of architecture and environmental design students from Cal Poly University began recognizing the potential to fill this need with a construction focused non-profit endeavor. Since filing for incorporation in 2009, Journeyman International has designed an orphanage in Mexico, a development center in Zambia, a dental clinic in Belize, and many many more. These projects were a catalyst and we are just getting started. OBJECTIVES

Partner with reputable NGO’s and design construct humanitarian facilities.

Relieve the construction burden of partnered NGO’s, allowing them to focus on their mission.

Introduce economically feasible “Green” construction fundamentals in the developing world.

BUSINESS MODEL

In close partnership with several universities, the Journeyman business model relies heavily on the talent and labors of architecture, engineering, and project management students. By capitalizing on student thesis senior projects, and accredited internships from California’s best technical schools, the Journeyman business model thrives. These circumstances result in a higher quality of effort, research and passion than we find in the professional industry. All student projects are then review by licensed and professional tradesman.

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

Daniel Wiens - President

SERVICES

In specifics, Journeyman provides the following services:

Feasibility study - The Journeyman team assesses if the project can be constructed at the specified location, overcoming all logistical concerns within the projected budget.

Steph Fellows - Operations

Costs data analysis - Journeyman teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s travel to the project location to procure material, labor and equipment price data. This step is crucial for developing an accurate estimate in a developing nation.

Conceptual Project Estimate - Prior to any official construction documents, J.I. assesses the project details to formulate a line item projection of the project costs.

Research - A Journeyman team will spend hundreds of hours researching the site, region, feasibility of project goals, and cultural considerations required for project success.

Schematic Design - Journeyman designers will develop schematic design concepts for the owner and officials to review.

Final Design - Journeyman designers will create construction ready plans and specifications.

Construction analysis - The Journeyman project management team will develop the project schedule, budget, contracts, site logistics maps, safety plan, storm water pollution prevention plan, and evacuation plan.

Project Management - Journeyman will send a full time project manager to the field.

Grant Proposal - The Journeyman team will develop an extensive grant proposal for the project.

Andrew Goodwin - RED Studio

Serhino Espinosa - RED Studio

Derek McFarland - Designer

P ROJ E CT T E A M

PROJECT TEAMS JI

AREA

AFRICAN RESEARCH & EXCHANGE ACADEMY

African Research & Exchange Academy (AREA) engages innovators in the making of a better world. They promote audacity in individuals to rise and face challenges. To that end, they bring together talented people with the resolve to initiate, develop, and realize tangible solutions for a brighter tomorrow. They offer residencies to regional and international scholars, leaders, artists, writers, and thinkers. They also provide educational and cultural opportunities to local and international high school students. AREA consists of two entities: a social enterprise and a non-足 profit artists residency. Both are based in Boulder, Colorado with operations at the central campus in Kumbo, Cameroon. AREA partners with individuals, organizations, and businesses from around the world to fill the voids left by unsuccessful approaches that unduly fragment human problems into pieces making them difficult, if not impossible, to resolve. AREA fosters and promotes innovative solution to human problems. AREA offers state-足of-足the-足art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. AREA facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction. AREA partners with individuals, organizations, and businesses that share a common vision of economically and ecologically sustainable development. AREA MAJOR PILLARS

Student exchange

Agriculture: sustainable and efficient agricultural practices

Water: collection, distribution and treatment of water

Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation, and health education

Energy: affordable, reliable, and renewable energy resources

Innovative solutions

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

Dr. Ajume Wingo Founder/President

Eric Wirba Assistant Director

Ajume Wingo born in Nso in the North West Province of Cameroon. He attended Cameroon College of Arts, Science and Technology (CCAST) Bambili where he studied History, Economics and Geography. He also attended the University of Yaounde, Cameroon where he studied law at the Faculty of Law and Economics. He obtained his BA from the University of California Berkeley and an MA (1995) and PhD (1997) from the University of Wisconsin Madison. He is currently an Associate Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Center for Values and Social Policy at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an Associate of the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard. Eric Wirba, Assistant Director of AREA, is a principal in the development and operations of AREA Cameroon. Eric, who grew up in the Kumbo region with his brother Ajume, has worked in the past on international humanitarianism, serving as operations director of the Himalayan Institute, Cameroon. He was critical in getting the institute Cameroon operations up and running. Eric has also specialized as a consultant in food and health matters. Eric is deeply satisfied to be a part of a multicultural team, where people from different races and cultures gather together to benefit each other, their communities, and our collective knowledge.

Ajay Kumar Paplu Operations Manager

Ajay Kumar Paplu is the Operations Manager for AREA. He is also responsible for business and sustenance operations at the Cameroon site. Ajay, an attorney by trade, hails from Jharkhand, a state in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eastern region.

P ROJ E CT T E A M

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P ROJ E CT DATA

AFRICA IN MINIATURE Cameroon has been know as “Africa in Miniature“ because of its highly diverse culture and geography. Cameroon is slightly larger than the state of California and contains roughly half the population at 20 and a half million people. Cameroon

10 58 315 5

REGIONS DEPARTMENTS COMMUNES CLIMATE REGIONS E Q U AT O R

RELIGION DEMOGRAPHICS

C TI

OTH

ER AFRICAN

C A

TUL

ANI

N AT I O N A L F L A G

HLANDE N HIG RS

is bordered by 6 countries and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country is broken up into 10 regions and inside each of these regions are divisions and communes. There are 315 communes in total. Cameroon has a very diverse landscape because it holds five different climate regions. The forests, mountains, tropics, savannahs, and the Sahel. It is also know for its extremely biodiverse plant and animal life.

183,569

AREA sq mi

HNI

C G RO

STAR OF UNITY

UATO R I A L B A N

YELLOW FOR SUN AND SAVANNAHS RED FOR UNITY GR E E N F O R F O R E S TS

M ANDARA KI NGD O M

FIRST BAN TU T RIBES SETTL E IN LAN D

FO UM B AN KI NGD O M

GER M ANS CO LO NI ZE KUM BO ES TABL I S HE D AL L I ES D RO VE O UT GE R M ANS

H I S TO RY

200 BC 16

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

1300s

1500s

1884

1913 1916

NIGER CHAD

E Q U ATO R NIGERIA C. A. R.

CAMEROON

B R I T I S H AN D F R E N CH O C C UPY LA ND

CONGO

CA M EROON F EDERATI ON UNI TED R EPUBL I C OF CA M EROO N NI GER I A AND CAM ERO O N CL AS H O VER O I L

FREN CH IND EP EN DEN CE

1919

1959

1961

1972

1986

1994-1996 P ROJ E CT DATA

PEOPLE

POPULATION

The population total in Cameroon was 20,549,221 in 2012. The average lifespan is 53.7 years with 40.5% under the age of 15, 56.2% between the age of 15-60, and only 700,000 people over the age of 60. Cameroon’s population is evenly divided between urban and rural dwellers with its highest density in urban settings such as Douala, Yaoundé, and Garoua. Over 250 ethnic groups live in Cameroon’s 10 provinces. Across the different regions, communities have an allegiance to local chiefs, know as Fondoms, as well as being ruled by central government In the northern regions, the Fulani are the dominate culture where women take care of the house while the men herd cattle or work as farmers. In the western highlands, groups include the Bamoun and the Bamiléké who are particularly known for their farming skills and their spirit-focused traditional religion. Across the southern regions, the first settlers were the ‘pygmies’, who to this day retain their traditional nomadic lifestyle in the rainforests of the south. Here the women grow the family’s food and the men provide meat and maintain crops.

20,549,221 C L I M AT E Z O N E S

SAHEL SAVANNAH

TROPICAL HUMID MOUNTAIN AND HIGHFIELD

FOREST

MT. CAMEROON 13,435 ft

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P O P U L AT I O N A G E S 3.3%

OVER 60

2.0%

13.3%

20.6%

56.2%

48.1%

66.6% 15-60

66.1%

FAR NORTH 49.9%

40.5%

UNDER 15

13.3% U.S.A.

20.1%

GERMANY

CAMEROON

UGANDA

GAROUA NORTH

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST KUMBO SOUTH WEST

WEST

CENTRE LITTORAL

EAST

DUALA YA O U N D E

SOUTH

P ROJ E CT DATA

ABOUT GEOGRAPHY

TOURISM

Cameroon is the 53rd largest country in the world and is slightly larger than the U.S. state of California with a total area of 183,569 square miles. The diverse country contains five completely different climatic zones. In western Cameroon is an irregular chain of mountains, hills, and plateaus that extend from Mt. Cameroon almost to Lake Chad at the northern tip of the country. This region includes the Bamenda, Bamiléké, and Mambilla highlands. It also contains some of the country’s most fertile soils, notably around volcanic Mt. Cameroon This mountain region is volcanic with a rural countryside of large rock plugs. The dense forests of the south and northwest contain numerous plant and wildlife species none more critically endangered than the cross river gorilla of the northwestern region. The tropical humid climate in the central regions has a very long wet season with heavy rainfall while the savannah and the Sahel are incredibly hot and dry. The semi-arid climate is home to numerous grazing wildlife including Lions, Cheetahs, Rhinoceros, and Gazelle.

In the recent years, tourism in Cameroon has been growing as the government has encouraged investment from airlines, hotels, and travel agencies. The government promotes Cameroon as “Africa in Miniature“, where one can see numerous diverse cultures, landscapes, and wildlife. Impediments to further growth of the tourism sector include poor transport infrastructure and corrupt officials who may harass visitors for bribes. Popular vacation sites for visitors in Kribi and Limbe.

192 AMPHIBIANS

409 MAMMALS

936 BIRDS

322 REPTILES 8260 PLANTS

Cameroon Landscape

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P ROJ E CT DATA

ECONOMICS In the 25 years after Cameroons Independence, it was one of the most prosperous countries in Africa. The combination of an overvalued currency, government mismanagement, and the drop in prices for its principal exports of petroleum, cocoa, coffee, and cotton led to a decade-long recession. Cameroon’s economy is highly dependent on commodity exports, and swings in world prices strongly affect its growth However, Cameroon is endowed with an abundance of natural resources, including in the agricultural, mining, forestry, and oil and gas sectors. Less than 5 percent of Cameroonians have access to a bank account. Inflation remains low in Cameroon, as many basic commodities, including fuel and food items, are either subsidized or subject to government price controls. France and China are Cameroon’s main trading partners, but the United States is a leading investor in Cameroon.

EXPORTS + INDUSTRIES Cameroon’s primary export is crude oil and you would think that this abundance would result in a wealthy country., however it does not. Lumber, Cocoa, Bananas, Rubber, and Cotton are also Cameroon’s main exported items. In 2011 the country sold 5.36 billion US dollars worth of goods. The countries main industries include petroleum production and refining, aluminium production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, and ship repair.

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

CROPS BANANAS RUBBER

COTTON

COFFEE

EXPORTS

CROPS

= 20,000,000 US dollars LUMBER

METAL OIL

CHICKEN

LIVESTOCK FISH

PIGS

CATTLE

P ROJ E CT DATA

ECONOMICS POVERTY vs WEALTH Like many countries in Africa, Cameroon boasts considerable natural resources. The country is located in the lush jungle area of the continent, just under the Sahara Desert. This area is known for its incredibly rich soil, and is a land teeming with potential. However, like much of Africa, Cameroon is continuing to struggle with its economic situation. While the rest of the world is seeing its poverty rate drop every year, most of Africa sees small to little change. The poverty epidemic continues to hold an iron grip around the country, and issues such as extreme starvation, lack of suitable water supplies, a lack of education and disease continue to hold down Cameroon. It is estimated that nearly 40% of Cameroons population is under the poverty line and live off of at most one dollar per day. The majority of the poverish community live in rural areas. The key factors identified as the causes of poverty are: household size, education level, socioeconomic grouping and access to productive assets. Poor rural people believe that better living conditions would come from job creation, better communications and transportation, improved access to education and information, stable prices for staple foods and better health care, water and credit. Under its long-term development vision – Vision 2035 – Cameroon has set itself the objective of becoming an emerging, industrialized and democratic country by 2035. This vision is set within the framework of four overall goals: 1- Reduce poverty to a socially acceptable level; 2- Make the transition to a middleincome country; 3 - Achieve newly industrialized country status; 4 Strengthen national unity and consolidate the democratic process..

CURRENCY The official currency in Cameroon and 13 other African countries is the Central African CFA Franc. Cash is king in Cameroon, especially in remote regions where it’s the only way to pay. It takes 465 Cameroon Francs to spend the equivalent of $1 of US currency.

Central African Franc

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P ROJ E CT DATA

INFORMATION NORTHWEST REGION + BUI

NATURAL LANDSCAPE

The northwest region is located in the western highlands of Cameroon. There are around 1.7 million people who reside in this region and 80% solely rely on agriculture and livestock as their primary source of income. The terrain in this region is remarkable with dense rainforests and rolling mountain hills. The second highest mountain in West Africa, Mount Oku is located in the Bui-Division, one of 7 subdivisions in this region.

In Kumbo, there is a wide diversity of landscapes, and its rivers are punctuated with rapid spectacular waterfalls. These waterfalls empty themselves into the River Bui and Rookimbo. It is said that Bui and Kumbo are named after these rivers respectively. Through out the region, there are two seasons: the dry and rainy seasons. This leaves the landscape green and lush from March to October and red and dusty from November to February.

ABOUT KUMBO The capital of the Bui-Division is Kumbo, a hilly settlement situated 6500 ft above sea level. It is a mountainous town with three hilly villages. Tobin to the east is the administrative sector of the town, Mbve to the north is the commercial center, and Squares is the residential hub for the town. Kumbo is also the capital of the Nso Kingdom, of the traditional local Nso people of the Bamenda Grasslands. The Fon or king of Nso is located in Kumbo and his palace is situated in Squares. The Fon palace is the hearth of Kumboâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social, political, and cultural activities. The villages that constitute Kumbo are: Kikaikelaki, Kitiwum, Kishiy, Kimbo-squares, Kikaikom, Kiyan, Shisong, Mbuluf, Nkuv, Kingomen, Kitumen, Sakir, Mbotong, Bamdzeng, Ndzeen, Tobin, To-oy, Marem, Bamkika-ai, Rovitangta, Njavnyuy, Mbah, Ntseni, Mbveh.

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

BUI DEPARTMENT POPULATION

1,237,358 AREA sq mi

7 31

6,877 DEPARTMENTS COMMUNES

NIGERIA

NKAMBE

MENCHUM DONGA-MANTUNG

BOYO SITE

BUI

KUMBO MEZAM MOMO

BAMENDA

MT. OKU 9,879 ft

NGO-KETUNJIA

NONI NKUM OKU

SITE

KUMBO MBIAME

DZAKWA

P ROJ E CT DATA

INFORMATION TRANSPORTATION

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE

To travel to Cameroon, one must take a plane to one of the major cities such as Douala or Yaounde. Once in the borders, the main source of travel is by bus or car. As the majority of roads are not paved, it is best to use a 4x4. Township taxis and motorcycles are the main mechanical transportation means in Kumbo but the majority travel by foot. In the next 10 to 15 years, the Kumbo Council is planning on paving all roads in, out, and around the city. In doing this, Kumbo will experience great developmental strides and future economic success. They are currently looking for funding.

In the early settlement of Kumbo around 1820, there was Nso people and the Fon Kingdom. The Fon of Nso acted at the social, political, and economic leader until 1977 when the Kumbo Council was established. Led by Major Njong Fonyuy Donatus, the Kumbo Council. The Kumbo Council Administration has a total of thirty-three (33) permanent staff members and employs over some forty others on seasonal basis. Kumbo is seen is having great potential for the future and an “economic explosion” is predicted to occur in the years ahead.

TRANSPORTATION The Kumbo Municipality is very scholarized, with more than 80% of children regularly enrolled in many institutions. There are over 67 primary and nursery schools, over 20 secondary and high schools and 2 post secondary professional schools. The council states that “educating a child is educating the nation”, thus they take great strides in making education one of its top priorities. Schools in the area are often held in private homes although some schools have existing infrastructure.

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

P O P U L AT I O N G R O W T H PROJECTION

300,000

200,000

100,000

YEAR

2012

2017

2022

2027

KIKAIKELAKI

44,050

TO BALEM H ROMAJAI

KUMBO

80,012 MBVEH

TOBIN

KUMBO

COMMERCIAL

ADMINISTRATION

RESIDENTIAL

SQUARES LUN

BAMBUI

SHISHONG

44,275

P ROJ E CT DATA

31%

INFORMATION

CATHOLIC

RELIGION The religious demographics of Kumbo are primarily Christian. Generally, Roman Catholics outnumber all the other members of other churches in Kumbo. About 70% of the population are Christians, 25% Muslims and 5% others. The Traditional Religion of ancestral worship and practices is gradually loosing grounds in Kumbo. Today, only a very insignificant number of the Kumbo indigenes still practice this.

The predominant languages are: Lamnso, English, and French. English is primary but native Lamnso is a language to reckon with around Kumbo because it has been used for several generations by the indigenes of the Nso tribe.

CATHEDRAL The first missionaries in Kumbo from Germany, arrived in 1912 and established their mission in 1913. The Cathedral of Kumbo was erected by Pope John Paul II in 1982, with territory taken from the Diocese of Bamenda. It is Roman Catholic and is built primarily from local stone blocks.

FONS PALACE The Nso palace is the heart of Kumbo. Built on ten hills as Kumbo is, the palace is constructed on a sloping hillside below the ancient market known Kimbo. Built with mud-brick, stone and cement blocks, the main attraction on entry are the two Mfuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;h (warrior) houses. The palace is a major attraction and the centre of a strong cultural expression of its people. During traditional rites and ceremonies, this palace can be a cultural heaven for its people.

A RE A CA M E RO O N

10%

PROTESTANT

LANGUAGE

19%

BAPTIST

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

OTHER

24%

MUSLIM

MBVEH

SQUARES

P ROJ E CT DATA

CULTURE The Nso people number around 700,000 and originate from the Bamenda Grassfields in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Both the people and the capital of Kumbo are referred to as Banso (people of Nso). Within the Nso’ political economy, symbolic

FON of NSO

capital remains the primary object of accumulation. Women produce material wealth, which men convert to symbolic capital to gain access to more productive and reproductive labour and thus to more material wealth. The literacy rate of the Nso is very high, over 90%. The Nso dynasty is an offshoot of the Tikar dynasty, which was founded around 1299 by Princess WouTen. Through the next 700 years, the Nso people went through many different leaders or Fons and states such as Mbiame, Oku, Nseh, Noni, Din, and Nikar. The Nso people have a very rich culture with dance, art, ceremonies, kola nuts, and palm wine. The balance between the sacred and utility are the heart of Nso culture.

seven notables called Vibais. The current Fon of the Nso people in Kumbo is Sehm Mbinglo I. He is situated in his palace located in Squares. Currently the Fon is a more symbolic representation of power for the people. He does not deal with the local governments. As a sign of respect, one shall never look direct to the face.

A Fon is a chieftain or king of a region of Cameroon, especially among the Wedikum, Tikar, and Bamiléké peoples of the Bamenda grass fields. He rules of 13 other kingdoms. The Fon is supported in his duties by the

Fon Sehm Mbinglo I of Kumbo

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P ROJ E CT DATA

CULTURE KOLA NUT

ON DEATH - JUJU

Kola Nuts play a vital role in the traditional, social, spiritual, and cultural practices of Cameroon and West Africa. It is chewed in many cultures as a social activity and ease hunger. These nuts are also used as religious

The Nso people have a very interesting perspective on death. Most cultures treat death as something to be saddened about, however Nso celebrate this event. They believe that death is built around the soul

objects and offerings during prayers, ceremonies, and significant life events. It has both symbolic and monetary value and is considered a great welcoming gift to show hospitality. Kola is said to have “power“ through fortune and misfortune telling. Although bitter in flavor, it also contains addictive caffeine. Many cultures consume Kola nuts in group settings by breaking up the nut and passing it around. When a dying Kola Tree is not producing fruit, the Nso people perform am extensive cutting down ceremony with children present. The Kola Nut is given the same importance as a woman or a baby girl, it gives life.

and the transmigration of the soul from this world to another The celebration of death is about the celebration of life and this event involves dancing, partaking in the eating of kola nuts and the Juju’s. Death is not the end, only the beginning. Juju’s are masked men, or spirits, and are seen dancing to drums and followed by children when death occurs.

PALM WINE (MELU) In addition to Kola Nuts, Palm Wine is also consumed in social gatherings. Palm wine is an alcoholic drink made from the sap from the Raffia Palm and then fermented by natural conditions. It only takes around 2 hours for the palm to turn alcoholic. Currently, the local Raffia Palm Tree is having the same importance as the kola nut.

Kola Nuts Kumbo, Cameroon

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CULTURE AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIES

The main food crops produced are: cocoyams, maize/corn, beans, plantains, groundnuts, kolanuts, sweet potatoes, bananas and pepper. Coffee, which is the principal cash crop around this area is

The main industries in Kumbo are surrounded by agriculture and livestock. Self-employment is highly practiced in Kumbo through trading. Every day, Kumbo ships truckloads of potatoes, beans, maize,

produced in hundreds of tons. It is normal for women to take care of the crops, while the men work in other businesses. Once a week, the Mbve market is filled with fruits, vegetables, crops, and nuts. This weekly event is a huge source of income for the people of Kumbo as many individuals around northwest Cameroon travel to this.

and even kolanuts to Duoala, the economic capital of Cameroon. Due to the lack of street lights, nearly all business have to close shop when the sun sets. The main livestock in Kumbo consist of Chickens, Goats, and Cattle.

HEALTH The St. Elizabeth Hospital Shisong and the Banso Baptist Hospital are the two primary medical facilities in Kumbo. Both of these hospitals offer many services that people will travel all over Cameroon to receive. These hospitals also include training schools for surgeons and health personnel. In addition to modern medicine, traditional practices are still plays a vital role in the Kumbo culture. They serve a greater need especially where the patient cannot easily identify the cause of an ailment or cannot afford the high cost of modern medicine. Due to major diseases such as HIV/AIDS and yellow fever, the average lifespan for a Cameroonian is only 53 years old.

Mbve Market, Kumbo

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CLIMATE The climate of Kumbo, Cameroon consists of two seasons; the dry season and the wet season. The dry season usually occurs between the months of November through February. During this season Kumbo is very dusty as all roads are non paved. The wet

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL

season takes place from March through October and during this season the average rainfall is around 60 inches (1550mm) per year. This climate is considered moderate/ tropical. The data presented is from a local Kumbo weather station. The average temperature is 66° F with a high of 82° F and a low of 55° F. Sustainable strategies for this location are passive solar heating and natural ventilation to achieve thermal comfort as seen in the Psychrometric Chart below. In the colder months and primarily in the afternoon, Kumbo receives strong east winds from the east.

MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

PSYCHOMETRIC CHART

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

86 30

30%

77 25

NATURAL VENTILATION

68 20

20%

59 15

50 10

10%

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

HIGH-MASS COOLING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

41¡F 5¡C

A RE A CA M E RO O N

50 10

59 15

68 20

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77 25

86 30

95 35

104 40

HUMIDITY

0¡

COMFORT

DR Y B UL B TE MP E R A TUR E - °C

41¡ F 5¡ C

CONVENTIONAL AIR-CONDITIONING

HIGH-MASS COOLING AND NIGHT VENTILATION

113

TEMPERATURE

16 in 12 in

8 in

INCHES OF RAIN PER YEAR (AVG)

4 in

MONTH

90°F 80°F

66°

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

70°F 60°F 50°F

MONTH

ANNUAL WINDROSE

11+ MPH 9-10 MPH 7-8 MPH 5-6 MPH 2-4 MPH 1 MPH

W W

WINDROSE _ WINTER AFTERNOON

S P ROJ E CT DATA

VOLCANIC LINE A very notable landscape feature of Cameroon are the extremely large volcanic swells that create mountaines and shear plumes. These swells form the Cameroon volcanic line; a 600 mile straight line of 10 volcano-capped peaks.

Mount Oku 9,879 FT

9 of these are currently active. This line is arranged half on the continent of Africa and the other on the ocean floor. The islands Bioko, Principe, Sao Tome, and Annoban are formed from these volcanic underwater mountains. The highest peak is Mount Cameroon at 13,435 feet. Because volcanic soil is exceptionally fertile, Cameroon flora is highly lush and green during the raining months.

CONCEPT The site for the project is located directly on the end of this volcanic line. Like the country, this 330 acre site rises and falls creating a very diverse and interesting topography. In Cameroon, Volcanos have severely impacted the country over the years through many eruptions, lava flows, and deadly gases. As a architecture design concept, it would be interesting to see how this explosive act of nature can impact building form and space organization. This project can explore the relationship between dynamic forces of volcanic nature and a beautiful calm research center. The spaces can be fluidly connected like lava flowing and local materials could be sourced to provide the primary aesthetic.

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Mount Manengouba 7,910 FT Mount Cameroon 13,435 FT Pico de Príncipe 3,110 FT

P i c o d e S ã o To m é 6,640 FT

NIGERIA

NORTHWEST

SOUTH WEST

WEST

CENTRE

LITTORAL

CAMEROON

Pico Basilé 9,878 FT

SOUTH

E Q U AT O R I A L GUINEA

GABON

P ROJ E CT DATA

VERNACULAR DIVERSITY

EARTH

WOOD

T H AT C H

LEAVES

BAMBOO

STONE

Due to Cameroon’s diverse landscape and climate, housing typologies vary from region to region. The villages in the northern region build dwellings with earth block as the primary material. The Musgum hut is considered one of the worlds most historically advanced architecture forms. The dome is design off of the catenary arch, the ideal mathematical form to bear maximum weight with minimum material. Many of the early Cameroonian settlements are constructed in a cluster of units around a circle with connecting walls. From region to region, the climate influences the vernacular architecture. The Pygmys and Bantu’s of the south, construct their dwelling units primarily out of leaves, bamboo, and local wood. The use of thatch roof is very common in most regions. MOFU

BAUMAM

KOTOKO

MUSGUM

TIKAR

MOUNDANG

MASA

FOULBE

PYGMY

FULANI

BANTU

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FAR NORTH

NORTH

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST

SOUTH WEST

WEST CENTRE

LITTORAL

EAST

SOUTH

P ROJ E CT DATA

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P R E C E D E N TS

BOTSWANA INNOVATION HUB LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED: TOTAL AREA: COST:

Gabarone, Botswana, Africa SHoP Architects, New York In Progress 270,000 SF $50 million

The ability to design a massive contemporary architectural icon that is both extremely sustainable and highly functional makes this project a great precedent for AREA. The initial concept began with the ideas of Dunes and Deltas of the local Botswana geography. The final design presents a series of four long slender buildings that seems to reach out of the ground, reminiscent of the local sand dunes. The multi-layered overhanging storeys are covered with an â&#x20AC;&#x153;energy blanketâ&#x20AC;&#x153; of a grass, plants, and photovoltaic panels. The four building bars (dunes) are connected in a series of bridges with lush courtyards (deltas) dispersed between and beneath. Programmatically, this building will contain an abundance of meeting spaces, an auditorium, high-end restaurants and lounge areas, fitness facilities, and state of the art research laboratories and workstations . Even though this project seems that it is an economic and architecture stretch for Botswana, the use of regional materials, local architects engineers and builders help with the project feasibility. Similar to AREA, the BIH is planned to be an iconic architecture piece for Africa.

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P R E C E D E N TS

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AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY MISSION + VISION The African Research and Exchange Academy [AREA] is both a social enterprise and a non-profit organization with operations occurring in Boulder, Colorado and the state-ofthe-art campus to be built just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Dr. Ajume Wingo founded AREA on the belief that “a meaningful life for any human being is a life of responsibility to others and to the planet that sustains human life.” By partnering with individuals, organizations, and business around the world that share the common vision of “supporting and sustaining the development of the human intellect in order to make possible a fulfilling life for this and future generations, AREA is committed to implement new holistic initiatives and solutions to the way we conduct business, live in the world, and relate to one another and to our environment. AREA is first, last and always about people and the environment that enables them to thrive. These partners are pollinators of change, interested in complete solutions, approaches and actions to human circumstances and problems. The campus in Kumbo, Cameroon will be a place where a broad collection of students, artists, writers, thinkers, technological innovators, entrepreneurs, kings and queens, political activists, and so on would gather from all over Africa and the world for the “cross-pollination” and collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally.

“There is a tendency among experts to analyze and divide the problems human beings face into neat boxes—political, scientific, economic, social, environmental, emotional, cognitive, primitive, modern and so on and so forth. Yet, authentic human problems and life-changing initiatives are never neatly parceled in tidy discrete boxes. There is growing need for a new approach to analyzing and solving human problems that recognizes the unity of the human being with the planet that embodies the human life.”

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THE CAMEROON CAMPUS

PARTNERSHIPS

In a collaboration with the Transformative

AREA seeks partnerships with individuals, organizations, businesses or the combination thereof that share a common vision of economically and ecologically sustainable development relating to these five pillars:

Education Forum (TEF) and efforts by the African Sustainable Agriculture Program (ASAP) and AREA, Cameroon was selected as the pilot location for this educational base. The involvement of Cameroonians was evident at the beginning through the support of the Fon who was willing to donate land (project site) for AREA. AREA programs will offer residencies to regional and international students, artists, writers, and thinkers while also providing educational and cultural opportunities to local students. This campus will serve as a centripetal endpoint for scholars, artist and thinkers but it will also be a converging center for Kings and Queens from across Africa as well as African statesmen and their counterparts from the rest of the world. AREA will offer state-of-the-art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. These facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. Construction is planned to begin in May of 2014 and officially open in the summer of 2015. The architecture of this research center is key as the structures should elegantly announce a new era for Africa. The campus should encourage people to come from all around the world.

1. Water: collection, distribution and treatment 2. Energy: affordable, reliable, renewable 3. Agriculture: sustainable, efficient 4. Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation 5. Social Enterprise: to improve well-being These partnerships, in addition to the African Research and Exchange Academy, will be honest in the pilot facility in Kumbo. The African Sustainable Agricultural Development (ASAP) is committed to developing sustainable commercial agriculture in West Africa, building a fertilizer plant in Cameroon as well as developing a research and training facilities at AREA. Independent Power Systems (IPS) is also partnering with AREA, through their operation of solar and wind renewal power system to West Africa. They will plan to use AREA for training, research, workshops, offices, demonstration and for developing their public relations. Other potential partners include Gazogen, Inc, a Vermont Based company developing multi-purpose steam power electrification plants for use in African villages and for pressing and processing palm oil kennels, Agua Inc., a company that provides sustainable water treatment and biotechnology, and the Navti Foundation in Kumbo Cameroon is a non-governmental organization that aims to help underprivileged women, children and rural populations live peaceful and sustainable lives by assisting them in developing to their full potentials.

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY WHO? AREA will used by International High School and University level students and U.S. Peace Corps as an academic/professional exchange program where they will partner with local Africans on making the world a better place to live. Additionally, AREA will be used as a social gathering and meeting place for high ranking diplomats, kings and queens, and anyone who wants to help better humankind starting in Africa.

WHY KUMBO? While some might speculate that Kumbo is not the right location for this type of project, It is the perfect location because of its underdeveloped rural natural landscape, wonderful people, and rich African culture/history. AREA Cameroon will strengthen the city of Kumbo economically and socially, putting Kumbo on the map.

HOW WILL AREA SERVE KUMBO? AREA is first foremost about Kumbo. One cannot change the world without first transforming whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s around oneself. A large portion of Agriculture, Energy, and Water that AREA produces will be given back to Kumbo to help stimulate the local economy. In the construction of the academy, new trades and skilled workers will be developed.

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UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

INDEPENDENT POWER SYSTEMS (IPS) • SOLAR/WIND ENERGY

AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PROGRAM (ASAP)

PEACE CORPS

AFRICAN UNION

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

GAZOGEN INC. • STEAM ENERGY

AGUA INC.

• WATER TREATMENT

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

CONTEXT

MOUNT OKU

17.05

MBVEH MARKET

CATHEDRAL

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[27.4 K MILES

20째 5.9

I 1M

]

[9.

M 5K

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

EXISTING CONDITIONS

5 1

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4 2

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

ANALYSIS WAT E R S H E D MARSH PROJECT SITE - 360 ACRES E X I S T I N G FA R M L A N D ROCK CLIFF TREE STREAM TOPOGRAPHY LINE -10 FT CLIFF EDGE ACCESS TO SITE

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0’

500’

1000’

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

2000’

ANALYSIS SITE

The AREA site is extremely rural and free from any development. Wild ferns have taken over the hillside so that could be an issue to maintain and control. The site contains three main hills and valleys between them and the landscape varies from rocky to lush.

SUN

Because the site is in Cameroon and very near to the equator, the sun passes overhead and throughout the year one can receive direct sunlight from the north and the south

WIND

In the winter months there are strong eastern winds. The architecture of area should respond to this weather and shelter the complex from the harsh cold winds.

WEATHER

Kumbo, Cameroon rains almost 60 inches per year. This is an invaluable resource and should be harvested and stored for the dry season. Weather barriers will be an issue and very costly.

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SUMMER SOLSTICE (JUNE 21)

VERTICAL POINT (APRIL 6: 12:23)

WINTER SOLSTICE (DECEMBER 21)

SUMMER SOLSTICE

72.3째

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

APRIL 6: HIGHEST POINT

60.5째

LOWEST POINT

WINTER SOLSTICE

RESIDENCES

• conference hall/stage (200+ capacity) • cafe/bar • convenience store/shopping • restaurant/kitchen • library/study room • health center

• security • offices • bathrooms • classrooms (9/10) • Lobby, reception, check in

• Modern gymnasium/rec center • weight room • yoga center (indoor/outdoor) • cycling room • locker room w/ showers • Parking • Pathways and on site transportation • Agriculture facilities (stables, fences) • poultry farm • bee farm

• large swimming pool + spa • natural pool/spring • 4 acre gardens • outdoor soccer/basketball fields

SUPPORT

LEISURE

• (5-30) - Africa style huts (5 each) • (1) - dormitories (50 people) • (3) - 2-bedroom apartments • (3) - modern 2-story houses • (1) - VIP 4 apartment building

COMPLEX

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY

• crops and food • watershed - waste water recycling • waste composting • Water catchment and distribution, pipeline • electricity generation / distribution

PROJECT TIMELINE CLASSROOMS

HUT

HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE

2014 [PHASE 1] CAFE

HUT

SERVICES

HUT

GYM / YOGA / WEIGHT ROOM

WETLANDS

2015 [PHASE 2] HOUSE

VIP

GARDENS

STABLES / POULTRY

2016 [PHASE 3] HUT

BEE FARM / CROPS

SUSTAINABILITY

GYM EXPANSION

2017 [PHASE 4] CLASSROOMS

CONFERENCE HALL

2018 [PHASE 5] SUSTAINABILITY INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 [PHASE 6]

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AMENITIES

SERVICES

DORMS

HOUSE

POOL

LIVESTOCK SUSTAINABILITY

COMPLEX

RESIDENCES

SUPPORT LEISURE

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY COMPLEX AMENITIES

SERVICES

A RE A CA M E RO O N

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RESTROOMS

CHECK-IN

SECURITY

SHOPPING OFFICES

LOUNGE

CAFE

LIBRARY

DORM

HEALTH

CONFERENCE HALL

RESTAURANT

CLASSROOMS

RESIDENCES

HUT

HOUSE

APT.

PARKING

SUSTAINABILITY

PATHWAYS

PIPING

WATER

WASTE

AGRICULTURE

ELECTRICITY

LIVESTOCK

POULTRY

BEES

CROPS

NATURAL POOL

EXPLORE

POOL AND SPA

BIKE PATHS

CONSTRUCTED

OUTDOOR EXERCISE

FITNESS

GARDENS

LOCKER ROOM

BICYCLE ROOM

YOGA STUDIO

WEIGHT ROOM

GYM

LEISURE SUPPORT

ENJOY

INFRASTRUCTURE

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM ZONING The site for the African Research and Exchange Academy is around 360 acres and the topography creates 3 high points around the site, marshlands, valleys, and cliffs. To the right is a very initial study of possible locations of the primary facilities. The main complex will be the first thing you see on the site and this structure will act as the gateway to AREA. It will include conference rooms, classrooms, a performance hall, shopping, restaurants, and support services. Behind the main complex will include the gym, pool, and gardens. The green shows where the residences are initially located. This location is more private and highlights some of the best views around Kumbo. To the west of the main center, the surrounding hillside will host food crops, livestock, and site infrastructure.

CROP + LIVESTOCK LAND WAT E R C AT C H M E N T INFRASTRUCTURE MAIN COMPLEX RESIDENCES MAIN POOL + GYM GARDENS AND AMENITIES

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PLANNING PROCESS The initial design for the master plan of the AREA complex went through many phases. Because it is located on a very large site and in a rural setting, water harvesting and distribution and energy generation were essential. A good amount of time was spent in program zoning and after returning from Cameroon, the design grew out of itself. The sketches below display the changes in the overall master plan of the entire site. To the right, showcase the transformation of the main complex plan and water filtration system.

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

5 P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

DESIGN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

AGUA INC

CONSTR WETL FILTRA

WATER

ROOF DESIGN: MOUNT OKU

RAIN CATCHMENT

ENERGY

HOUSING

0’

100

200 A RE A CA M E RO O N

SCALE 400

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BEES CHICKEN AGRICULTURE CENTER

WATER CATCHMENT MAIN COMPLEX STABLES

RUCTED LAND ATION GYM YOGA SPA SERVICES

RESTAURANT

POOL

HOUSES LOUNGE

ENTRY CONFERENCE

OFFICE

HUTS

APT.

200 0’

100

SCALE 400

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

PRELIMINARY DESIGN The design is influenced by the landscape and is one with the landscape. The terrain grows up and around the complex. a series of rock walls protrude the hill in a radial pattern. The organic pathways encourage social interaction and also educate the visitors on sustainable water and agricultural methods. The tower, which is technically a inhabitable and fully functioning pressurized water tower, creates a dynamic feature at the top of the hill. It reminiscent of the towers of hill castles as well at the volcanic plugs.

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN

TOWER DESIGN ROOF

The architecture design of the main complex

includes residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. The main building is the focal point of the complex. It is the point of entry and includes the lobby, lounges, gathering spaces, and support spaces.

TOWER SKIN

PRESSURIZED WATER TANK

LEVEL 4: VIEWING

LEVEL 3: READING

LEVEL 2: LOUNGE

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MAIN LEVEL

WEIGHT ROOM

BIKE POOL

SPA

SECURITY

HEALTH REST.

LOUNGE

OFFICE

LOBBY CONFERENCE

SUB LEVELS [1-6]

GARDENS

GARDENS WATER FILTRATION

WATER CENTER

GARDENS

ENERGY CENTER

HOUSING RESEARCH LABS/ CLASSROOMS HOUSING

200 0’

SCALE: 1”: 100’ 400

100

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN

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P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

FINAL DESIGN DESIGN SUMMARY The African Research and Exchange Academy engages innovators in the making of a better world. It will promote audacity in individuals to rise and face the growing challenges of this world. To that end, the academy will bring together talented people with the resolve to initiate, develop, and realize tangible and sustainable solutions for a brighter tomorrow. Emerging out of the earth, AREA is located just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Here is a place where a broad collection of students, artists, thinkers, technological innovators, and political activists would gather from all over Africa and the world for the collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally with a focus on rural sustainability practices of energy, water, agriculture, and waste. Essentially, a think tank for sustainable ideas. Influenced from traditional African architecture and the local volcanic landscape, AREA is to become a state-of-theart international research center and retreat in Kumbo with the operations occurring in Boulder, Colorado. AREA is a real project and it is both a social enterprise and non-profit organization. The client is Dr. Ajume Wingo of Harvard and the University of Colorado Boulder. This facility includes residences, office spaces, conference halls, classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. AREA is first, last, and always about people and the environments that enable them to thrive.

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P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

CONCEPT MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN IS INFLUENCED FROM THE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN PLAN ARRANGEMENTS

WAT E R F I LT R AT I O N + G A R D E N S O R I E N TAT E D WITH THE TOPOGRAPHY

WAT E R I S H A R V E S T E D , D I S T R I B U T E D , AND RECYCLED ON SITE

GREEN SPACES EMERGE FROM THE R E CYC L E D WAT E R S YS T E M A N D C R E AT E GA R D E N S O F I N F O R M A L CONNECTIONS

HOUSING IS ORIENTED TOWARDS THE NEARBY TOWN OF KUMBO

HOUSING STEPS DOWN THE SITE FOR MAXIMUM PRIVACY AND VEIWS

ENTIRE CENTER IS BLENDED WITH THE TERRAIN, REMINISCENT OF THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE AND LAVA FLOWS OF THE AREA

THE TOWER GROWS OUT OF THE MAIN COMPLEX AND SERVES THE PURPOSE O F A P R E S S U R I Z E D WAT E R TOW E R F O R THE COMPLEX

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P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

SITE PLAN Situated on a 360 acre rural site, the complex contains three primary functional zones - Agricultural, Water + Energy, and Learn + Live + Enjoy. As the program expands over the years, more space will be allocated towards agriculture and housing. The main occupant facilities are located at the summit of one of the three hills granting great views, visability, and a presence in Kumbo, Cameroon.

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800 0’

400

SCALE: 1”: 100’ 1600

A G R I C U LT U R A L FA C I L I T I E S

AG SERVICES STABLES

RAINWATER RESERVOIR

ENERGY

BIO-GAS + WASTE

WAT E R + E N E R G Y FA C I L I T I E S

L E A R N + L I V E + E N J OY FA C I L I T I E S

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 1

CONFERENCE ROOM

12 WATER FILTRATION

RECEPTION

13 LEISURE POOL

GENERAL STORE

14 GYMNASIUM

CAFE

15 EXERCISE ROOMS

CLASSROOMS

VIP HOUSING

17 LOCKER ROOMS

SHARED APARTMENTS

18 SECURITY/HEALTH

PRIVATE HOMES

19 KITCHEN

SHARED HUTS

20 OFFICES/FLEX SPACES

10 WATER RESEARCH CENTER 11

SPA FACILITY

21 RESTAURANT

ENERGY CENTER

A RE A CA M E RO O N

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14 15 17

15 16

18 21 19 7

5 4

2 3

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

DIAGRAM PLAN

ROOF LEVEL Green Roofs Reflected Metal Roof

FOURTH + FIFTH FLOOR LEVEL W a t e r Ta n k Library Study Bar / Lounge

THIRD FLOOR LEVEL Classrooms Main Entrance / Reception Services Gym Restaurant

SECOND FLOOR LEVEL House Classrooms Pool Pumping Station

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL Wa t e r / E n e r g y Housing

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P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

WATER TOWER The tower, a dynamic architectural feature of the complex, curves upward to a height of 60 ft responding to radius of the main circular forms on the site. The tower functions as an inhabitable water tank tower. At a height of 60 feet, the water is pressurized and ready to be distributed to the entire complex. The lowest lever acts as the pumping and mechanical room. As one can see in the cross section (below), the architecture takes into account the existing topography and tappers down the site. Floors 2, 3, and floor of tower each have specific programs and can be used by anyone in AREA.

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P R E S S U R I Z E D WAT E R S T O R A G E TA N K

C O M M U N I C AT I O N 14%

FA C I L I T I E S 12%

WAT E R 4%

N AT U R E 70%

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

LEARN MAIN BUILDING + LABS Facilities encourage intellectual growth and collaboration. Individual classrooms are positioned directly west of the main entrance lobby to cater to lecture and lab needs. A large multi-purpose space lends itself to a variety of functions from performances to lectures. Impromptu collaboration spaces and individual study areas are dispersed throughout.

13 CLASSROOMS

CONFERENCE ROOM

CAFE

LIBRARY

LOUNGE

SHOPPING

R E C E P T I O N / C H E C K- I N

A RE A CA M E RO O N

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KEYPLAN

AXON

PLAN

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

L I V E HOUSING Nestled into the earth, AREA includes 40 individual dwelling units ranging from three large 2000sf single family houses, five

1500sf spacious VIP apartments, 20 small apartments that can accommodate up to 4 people, and finally 11 huts that can fit up to 4 people per unit. The variation in housing lends itself to the diversity of residents; from students to kings. In using the local topography, the housing units blend into the environment and create comfortable places to call home.

2 0 A PA R T M E N T U N I T S

1 1 H U T S [ T O E X PA N D ]

4 L A R G E P R I VAT E H O U S E S

5 LARGE VIP DWELLINGS

A RE A CA M E RO O N

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HUT AXON

HOUSE AXON

HUT PLAN

HOUSE PLAN

A PA R T M E N T S A X O N

KEYPLAN

A PA R T M E N T S P L A N

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

E N J OY AMENITIES While AREA fellows are hard at work empowering other, when needed, individuals can take a break to exercise and explore all the amenities AREA has to offer. The main restaurant is always open whether you just need a quick drink or a hot meal. In Africa, food is the essence of all communication and social interactions, and likewise, at AREA it is too. The complex also contains world class recreational facilities including an indoor gym, spa, yogo and weight lifting studios, and outdoor fields and courts. Additionally, the facility operates with its own health center, security, and facility offices.

H E A LT H S E R V I C E S

SECURITY

AREA OFFICES

LOCKER ROOMS

GYMNASIUM

SPIN CLASSROOM

WEIGHT ROOM

YOGA STUDIO

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D ER EK M CFAR LAND

KEYPLAN

AXON AXON

PLAN PLAN

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

ENTRANCE The entrance and lobby had to be designed with upmost care. It is the first opportunity AREA has to make a lasting impression on any visitor that happens to arrive here. The lobby opens up in a 2 story high space with natural lighting and ventilation and is surrounded by a second story walkway. As the tower curves from the ground, it forms a series of seating for social interactions. Materiality in this space incorporates a use of locally harvested materials but its application is beautiful - Polished concrete, stone column, bamboo ceilings, and rammed earth walls to just name a few.

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P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

WATER SYSTEM Alongside Agua Inc, a sustainable international water filtration and distribution company based in Boulder, Colorado who provide systems of water filtration through natural cycles of plants. A constructed wetland similar to a living will be constructed on-site and will follow the natural topography. At the bottom of the hill, a rainwater reservoir will be developed. All waste-water and rainwater will be stored and transferred down the hill through the complex in designated water canals that display the filtration and treatment processes. Once the water is filtered to a level suitable to drinking, it is pumped up the hill and stored in the water tower. From there, it is pressurized and then distributed around the complex.

SITE GOALS CONSTRUCT A RAINWATER RESERVOIR

WATER TOWER

PROVIDE EFFICIENT PUMPING AND PIPING TO COMPLEX CREATE WATER FILTRATION AND TREATMENT PLANT ON SITE

SWIMMING POOL

HARVEST RAINWATER AND STORE IN CISTERNS FOR LATER USE AND RECYCLE WASTE WATER IN CANALS EDUCATE THE VISITORS

MAIN COMPLEX

GREY WATER RECYCLING CANAL 100’ 50’

SCALE 200’

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TIERED WATER FILTRATION NATURAL FLOW OF WATER

TIERED STEPS THAT FOLLOW THE CONTOURS OF THE HILL

MACROPHYTE PLANT

EDUCATIONAL WATER STORAGE

PREFAB CISTERNS EMBEDDED IN WALL

BIO-SAND FILTER

COVERED INTAKE

RAINWATER RESERVOIR CARBON PREFILTER

HAND PUMP

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN Every architectural move and design decision at AREA was executed for a designation reason. For example, many of the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roofs slope downward. The justification for this design is not merely aesthetically pleasing but it also functions to drain away the heavy rains and to harvest this renewable water source through rainwater catchment canals all over the site. Many roofs are designed to support living growing plants and grasses that blend the building into the landscape but also lower indoor room temperatures. Shading and walkway coverings are essential due to the hot dry season and very wet rainy season.

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GREEN ROOF

R A I N WAT E R C AT C H M E N T

SOLAR REFLECTIVE ROOF

SCALE

6’ 3’

12’

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FINAL DESIGN

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GYMNASIUM

R E S TA U R A N T

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PHYSICAL MODELS

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GABION WALL DETAIL Throughout the complex, Gabion Walls compiled with local rock from the site are used as both as an aesthetic piece but also it adds to the performance of the building. Gabion Walls essentially are metal cages filled with stones. In our case, the stone are local volcanic rock from Kumbo and the AREA site. The combination of raw stone and smooth concrete likens itself to new era in African development and architecture.

PROJECT COST ESTIMATION TOTAL SQUARE FEET: 111,900 sf TOTAL - $1,480,000.00 DIVISION 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS Permit $40,000.00 Cost Estimating included Equipment Fuel included Plan Reproduction $10,000.00 Travel $50,000.00 Subsistence $20,000.00 Inspection/Testing $50,000.00 Clean-Up $50,000.00 Final Clean-Up $10,000.00 Small Tools included Misc Gen Condition $500,000.00 Trailer/Storage included Temporary Utilities $750,000.00 Bonds included All Risk Insurance included Safety/OSHA Permit included Temporary Fencing included

Project Closeout

included

DIVISION 2 SITE WORK

TOTAL - $7,505,000.00

Equip Move In/Out included Traffic Control $10,000.00 Demolition $20,000.00 Driven Piles nic Surveying $75,000.00 Construction Water (dust control) included Dewatering (flood control) included Shoring included Rough Grading $2,000,000.00 Fine Grading $500,000.00 Excavate road $100,000.00 Trench/Backfill $100,000.00 Soil Treatment nic Underground Utilities/Water $200,000.00 Erosion Control (SWPPP) $50,000.00 Underground Elect connection included Rainwater catchment system included Base Rock $500,000.00 Asphalt Concrete Paving $100,000.00 Site Concrete $1,500,000.00 Retaining Walls $750,000.00 Perimeter fencing $150,000.00 Green Roof $700,000.00 Landscape/Irrigation $750,000.00

DIVISION 3 CONCRETE

TOTAL - $9,400,000.00

Sub Base included Forms & Accessories $500,000.00 Form Liners (for aesthetics) $50,000.00 Reinforcement (rebar) Cast-In-Place Conc $8,000,000.00 Tree Grates nic Caissons nic Curing & Sealers $50,000.00 Precast Concrete $500,000.00 Floor Toppings nic Rammed Earth $300,000.00 CMU Grout nic

DIVISION 4 MASONRY

TOTAL - $750,000.00

Concrete masonry units nic Brick nic Stone/Gabion $750,000.00

DIVISION 5 METALS

TOTAL - $975,000.00

Structural Steel $500,000.00 Metal roof $250,000.00 Crane & Hoisting included Misc Metal Fab $75,000.00 Concrete Stairs included Handrails & Railings 150,000.00 Gratings nic

DIVISION 6 CARPENTRY

TOTAL - $700,000.00

Rough Carpentry nic Glu Lams/Trusses nic Finish Carpentry $200,000.00 Cabinets $200,000.00 Counter Tops $200,000.00 Architectural Mill Work $100,000.00

DIVISION 7 THERM.&MOIST. PROTECT

TOTAL - $1,260,000.00

Waterproofing $750,000.00 Water Repellent nic Insulation $100,000.00 Roofing $50,000.00 Roof Accessories $50,000.00 Metal Siding nic Deck Coatings nic Flashing & Sheet Metal $250,000.00 Downspouts/Gutters $50,000.00 Joint Sealants/Caulk $10,000.00

PROJECT COST ESTIMATION

DIVISION 8 DOORS & WINDOWS TOTAL - $855,000.00 Doors/Windows/Frames $750,000.00 Access Covers/Panels $5,000.00 Overhead Door Systems (garage doors) nic Skylights $100,000.00

DIVISION 9 FINISHES

TOTAL - $970,000.00

Demising Wall $300,000.00 Lath & Plaster (stucco) $200,000.00 Drywall (green board, x-board, gypsum) nic Tile $70,000.00 Carpet/ hardwood $100,000.00 Wall Coverings $100,000.00 Painting $200,000.00

DIVISION 10 SPECIALTIES

TOTAL - $175,000.00

Blackboards (classrooms) $50,000.00 Bulletin/Tack Boards (classrooms) included School desks and chairs $50,000.00 Toilet partitions $25,000.00 Bumper/Corner Guards included Flagpoles included Exterior Signage included Interior Signage $25,000.00 Fire Extinguishers included Fire Extinguisher Cabinets included Prefab Awnings $25,000.00 Mail Boxes included FRP Screen (bathroom walls) included Metal Shelving included Wood Shelving included Toilet Accessories included

DIVISION 11

EQUIPMENT

TOTAL - $400,000.00

Audio Video Screens/TVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s $50,000.00 Coax/Antenna/BTS included Food/Kitchen Service $250,000.00 Appliances included Sports Equipment $100,000.00 Hood/Vent Systems included Office Furnishings by owner

DIVISION 12 FURNISHINGS

TOTAL -

Window Coverings included Bunk beds by owner Art work by owner Office Furniture by owner

DIVISION 13 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION

TOTAL - $200,000.00

Security System $200,000.00

DIVISION 14 CONVEYING SYSTEMS

TOTAL - $100,000.00

Scaffolding included Elevator $100,000.00

DIVISION 15 MECHANICAL WORK

TOTAL - $1,500,000.00

Fire Protection sprinklers nic Plumbing $1,500,000.00 Cable/Coax Cover nic HVAC (each house) nic Air Test & Balance nic

DIVISION 16 ELECTRICAL

TOTAL - $6,500,000.00

Electrical $6,000,000.00 Fiberoptic Internet System $500,000.00 Generators included Lighting included Data & Communication included Audio/Video/CCTV included Fire Alarm included

SUBTOTAL

$32,770,000.00

General Contractor $1,966,200.00 Engineering $983,100.00 Architecture $1,638,500.00 Misc. Sub consultants $2,621,600.00

TOTAL

$39,979,400.00

PROJECT SCHEDULE

2014 Q1

PRE CONSTRUCTION

Complete Schematic Design [10 days] Grant Writing and Fundraising [250 days] Verify Land Legality [50 days] Attain Construction Approval From Local Jurisdictions [25 days] Recruit Project Management Team [50 days] Begin Construction Documentation [290 days] Local Plan Review [50 days] Bid Construction [75 days]

2015 Q1

2016 Q4

SITE WORK + UNDERGROUND UTILITIES

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Upgrade Road to Site [30 days] Install Security Fence/Entrance [10 days] Install SWPPP Supplies [5 days] Install Temporary Construction Utilities [25 days] Install Concrete Mix Zone [1 day] Move in Earthwork and Grub Site [45 days] Rough Grade [90 days] Install Water Supply and Storage Systems [60 days] Install Water Greywater Treatment System [60 days] Install Sewage System [30 days] Install Underground Electrical System [30 days] Install Underground Plumbing [35 days] Fine Grade for Building Pads and Site Flatwork [55 days]

SITE FINISHES

Install Underground Sitework Utilities [15 days] Prepare and Install Facility Roadwork [20 days] Prepare Slabs for Flatwork [10 days] Pour Flatwork [8 days] Install Remaining Retaining Walls [10 days] Install Swimming Pool [30 days] Install Outdoor Recreation Facilities [20 days] Install Irrigation and Landscaping [20 days] Finish Site MEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s [5 days]

2017 Q1

2018 Q4

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Compact and Prepare Slabs for Foundation [15 days] Excavate Footings for Slabs and Retaining Walls [5 days] Install Rebar and Pour Footings [10 days]

INFRASTRUCTURE PHASE 1 (ESSENTIALS)

Install Rebar and Pour Slabs [15 days] Install Gabion, Concrete and Rammed Earth Walls [50 days] Install Concrete Beams and Steel Trusses [20 days] Install Concrete Pandecks [8 days] Install Rebar for Elevated Concrete Lids and Pour Roofs [20 days] Poor Water Tower Spine [15 days] Install Precast Concrete Water Tower [20 days] Form and Pour Slabs Within Water Tower [15 days] Construction Interior Demising Walls [10 days] Install MEP Rough Ins [30 days] Install Stairs [5 days] Install Insulation and Drywall [13 days] Install Windows and Doors [7 days] Install Flooring [10 days] Install Interior Finishes [20 days] Finish MEP [15 days]

2018 Q1

PROJECT SCHEDULE

INFRASTRUCTURE PHASE 2 (SECONDARY)

Compact and Prepare Slabs for Foundation [15 days] Excavate Footings for Slabs and Retaining Walls [5 days] Install Rebar and Pour Footings [10 days] Install Rebar and Pour Slabs [15 days] Install Gabion, Concrete and Rammed Earth Walls [50 days] Install Concrete Beams and Steel Trusses [20 days] Install Concrete Pandecks [8 days] Install Rebar for Elevated Concrete Lids and Pour Roofs [20 days] Construction Interior Demising Walls [10 days] Install MEP Rough Ins [30 days] Install Stairs [5 days] Install Insulation and Drywall [13 days] Install Windows and Doors [7 days] Install Flooring [10 days] Install Interior Finishes [20 days] Finish MEP [15 days]

2019 Q1