The Ferns and of Costa Rica, (Part
1:
Fern-allies
Panama, and the Choco
Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae)
by
David B. Lellinger
p^eRi6oLo6ia a pueLicatioa of cfieanieRicari fepin sociecy
Number 2A
. . .
1989
52 h tgL‘4-5
The Ferns and Fern-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco (Part
1:
Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae)
by
David B. Lellinger
Department of Botany, NHB-166 National
Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington,
DC 20560
American Fern
Society, Inc.
Illustrations (c) 1989 by the
Smithsonian Institution
Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data
Lellinger, David B. The ferns and fern-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Chocd / by David B. Lellinger. 2-) cm. -- (Pteridologia p. Includes bibliographies. Contents: pt. 1. Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae ISBN 0-933500-01-7 $32.00 (v. 1) 1. Fems--Costa Rica. 3. Ferns- -Colombia2. Ferns- -Panama. -Chocd (Dept.) 4. Pteridophyta- -Costa Rica. 5. Pteridophyta-Panama. 6. Pteridophyta- -Colombia- -Chocd (Dept.) I. Title. II. Series: Pteridologia 2, etc. QK526.C8L45 1989 89-6461 587'.097286--dcl9 CIP ;
:
;
ISBN
0-933500-01-7
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS Introduction List of the families, genera,
Key
to the families
5
and subgenera
13 15
Floristic treatments
Psilotaceae
Lycopodiaceae Selaginellaceae
21 24 44
Marattiaceae.....
70 72 76 82
Osmundaceae
91
Isoetaceae Equisetaceae
Ophioglossaceae
Plagiogyriaceae
Schizaeaceae Parkeriaceae Adiantaceae Vittariaceae
Pteridaceae
Loxsomaceae Hymenophyllaceae Gleicheniaceae Polypodiaceae Cyatheaceae Dicksoniaceae
94 95 107 109 160 173 184 185 229 24 334 363
ISOETACEAE:
70
4.
ISOETES
ISOETACEAE Monotypic; see description of Isoetes. 4.
ISOETES
L.
Plants aquatic, amphibious, or terrestrial in vernal pools, rooted in mud or soil; roots and leaves borne on 2- or 3-lobed, erect, usually subterranean, indeterminate, globular, corm-like stems; roots rather fleshy, borne in longitudinal lines on the outer and basal faces of the corms; leaves rush-like, erect or spreading, crowded, borne on the apical and outer surfaces of the corms, triangular or terete, with an unbranched midrib, 0- several longitudinal strands of thickened supporting cells, and longitudinal air chambers divided by lateral swollen at the base, bearing an adaxial, embedded septae; fertile leaves sporangium often partially or entirely covered by a scarious velum and a usually triangular ligule just distal to the sporangium; sporangia of 2 types, the megasporangia bearing a few large, spherical, white, often highly ornamented megaspores, the microsporangia bearing many minute, usually ellipsoid, tan microspores.
sometimes gravelly
Widespread is
temperate and tropical regions;
in
ca.
100-200
species.
The genus
the only extant representative of the Lycopsida subclass Isoetidae, which has a
long
fossil record.
Tlie peculiar
morphology of
Isoetes has
made
the object of
it
Some of the species show study (Karrfalt, 1980; Paolillo, 1963). physiological adaptations to their hot and sunny habitat (Keeley, 1981). The much
taxonomy of this genus is difficult but is made easier through examination of mature spores with the scanning electron microscope. The tropical American species of the genus are currently under study by H. P. Fuchs-Eckert (1982) and R. J. Hickey (1986). According to Hickey (pers. comm.), the upland populations of southern Central America all differ slightly from one another, as do the lowland ones, and it is best to treat each of the two groups as a single species, rather than to
name
several populations of each as separate species.
FUCHS-ECKERT,
H. P. 1982. Zur heutigen Kenntnis von Vorkommen imd Verbreitung der sudamerikanischen Isoetes- Arten. Proc. K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. C, 85:205-260.
HICKEY,
R.
Isoetes
1986.
J.
systematic importance.
KARRFALT, J.
KEELEY,
E. E. 1980.
megaspore surface morphology; nomenclature,
variation,
and
Amer. Fern J. 76:1-16.
A further comparison of Isoetes roots and stigmarian appendages.
Canad.
Bot. 58:2318-2322. J.
Diurnal acid metabohsm in vernal pool Isoetes (Isoetaceae).
E. 1981.
Madrono
28:167-171.
PAOLILLO, D. J. PFEIFFER, N.
1963.
E.
The developmental anatomy of Isoetes. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 31:1-130. Aim. Missouri Bot. Card. Monograph of the Isoetaceae.
1922.
9:79-232.
mm
1. Leaves 30 - 55 cm long, the ala 2-5 wide distal to the leaf base, hyaline or whitish, sometimes faintly brown-edged, 9 - 12 cm long; hgule deltate, 3-6 long; velum covering less than half of the sporangium; mature megaspores 0.35 - 0.60 in diam., tuberculate.
mm
mm
88. 1.
Leaves 5-30
occasionally pale,
/.
panamensis
cm long, the ala up 1-5 cm long; hgule
complete; mature megaspores 0.40 - 0.70 89.
/.
storkii
to 1
mm
wide
distal to the leaf base,
deltate to lanceolate,
1.5-4
mm in diam., not tuberculate.
mm
long;
brown-edged or velum small to
ISOETACEAE: 88. Isoetes
panamensis Maxon
&
Morton
in
Woodson
&
Seibert,
4.
ISOETES
71
Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 26:272. 1939. Isoetes pacifica Svenson,
Ecuador, Svenson 11002 Isoetes
Amer. Fern J.
(BKL not
34:123,
1.
1944. TYPE: East of Chanduy, Pda. Guayas, by Stolze (Fieldiana, Bot. N.S., 12:66. 1983). TYPE: Near Tanque, La Cruz, Pcia. 1981.
10.
seen), synonymized
savannarum G6mez, Phytologia 49:339. ca. 200 m, Gdmez 7350 (CR; isotype US? not seen).
Guanacaste,
TYPE: isotype
Vicinity of Bejuco, Pcia.
Panama, Woodson, Allen
&
Seibert
1685 (US;
NY).
m
Plants aquatic, at 0-200 elevation, in temporary pools in grasslands, from northwestern Costa Rica and Pcia. Panama. Also from Guatemala, Ecuador, and
Peru. 89. Isoetes storkii Palmer, Isoetes
Amer. Fern
montana Palmer, Amer. Fern
Lake, Pcia. Alajuela, 8500 Isoetes tryoniana
Grande, Pcia.
TYPE:
J. 22:136.
21:134.
3300 m,
Biol. Trop. 17:108,
Gomez PtC-1032 (CR
renaming of
/.
1932.
non Weber, GH, NY).
1931,
Stork 2361 (US; isotypes
Gomez, Revista
S. Jose,
A
ft.
J.
f.
8.
1970.
1922,
nom.
illeg.
TYPE: Large
TYPE: Poas
lake on Chirrip6
not seen).
montana Palmer, and so based on the type of
that
name.
2500-3700 m elevation, in pools in paramos and montane from Volcdn Pods, and the Cordillera de Talamanca to Pcia. Bocas del Toro.
Plants aquatic, at bogs,