urban agriculture - a design portfolio

design

portfolio

urban agriculture joseph goodwin gj428 town1036: urban design project arct1061: building design development

introduction

the essential question is whether the revisions that are being proposed will be of benefit to the local area and the local community. the Greenwich Peninsula is seeing an unprecedented amount of attention in light of the current and future, commercial and residential, developments taking shape. Following years of planning by Knight Dragon Developments Limited, the peninsula has begun to grow into a further dense

commercial and residential centre for London. the proposed addition of 15,000 homes will allow a population swell of almost 40,000 residents to the area, causing the density of the peninsula to be almost 300% greater than today. The future peninsula must be able to provide for these people. Giving them not only homes and jobs, but places to be. Yet in its existing condition; over a quarter of the peninsula has insufficient access to nature and public open space, there are no allotments within a 15 minute walk and the borough recycle rate sits at only 40%. the formation of the Planting The Peninsula Initiative was a key step in adressing how a secondary masterplan could work in collaboration with the current changes. the charity trust was conceived to aim to inspire and engage existing and future residents of Greenwich Peninsula through the transformation of a section of the Victoria deep water terminal into

a urban agricultural community. This would be the first site, providing a test bed for a much greater urban strategy which adresses the existing limited public open space, low recycle rates and threat of unprecedented population swell. the initial construction and maintainence of a collection of buildings harvesting energy and heat from the organic waste of peninsula inhabitants forms the first step toward a new way of thinking about the place of agriculture in London. To inhabit an area which is dedicated to sustaining the peninsula and its people and to develop methods of agriculture which will lead to new languages of architecture and forms of urban planning. the Initiative was formed to raise awareness of the possibility of urban agriculture for Greenwich and to suggest that the seed should be planted on it’s peninsula.

contents

research

design

the survey + the terraform

the urban

the site

the building

the strategies

first contact

forming the masterplan

finding a test site

the first build

growing on greenwich

density

powering the peninsula

a growing community

construction phases

growing over greenwich

the swell

view from the peninsula

serving the peninsula

simple and flexible spaces

the site strategy

ground up, sky down

the waste fields

the initial programme

design by performance demand

the urban strategy

the catalogue

storage on the waste fields

the community plan

lucrative waste

a taxonomy

inhabiting the districts

arrival at the site

utilising waste

condensing the peninsula

a ‘lucrative waste’ vernacular

an extension of the thames path

site constraints

spatial explorations

analysing the existing

simple construction

site flooding strategy

order and character

typology experiments

community construction

the rainwater harvesting

identifying ownership

layering the existing

community expansion

the hydroponic process

ownership grouping

peninsula parasite

the aquaponic process

the masterplan

the first intensive growing structure

the growers

the growing fields

supporting agriculture

the trust

structural and functional

marketing the trust

growing on and in

gaining support

feeding the growing population

growth of the peninsula

food and power yield

a movement towards an agricultural vernacular

the growth

future

the collection

the grand arrival

the storage

visiting the growing level

the start of urban agriculture the existing allotment condition access to nature and pos the waste of greenwich a history of urban form a palimpsest of the peninsula

research

survey + terraform first contact

first contact

week 1 offered the opportunity to produce a single drawing which encapsulated my experience on first visiting the site, Greenwich Peninsula. following encouragement from tutors Mike Aling and Nic Clear, I attempted to experience the site with fresh senses, disallowing myself from making the typical judgements and following my usual procedures of site analysis.

development of the peninsula, GPRL, recently became the sole responsibility of Knight Dragon Group, a Hong Kong based company. Owned by Henry Cheng, also the Chairman of New World Development, the development of all 10,000 prospective homes falls under the companies control, effectively allowing them control of the future of the identity of the entire Peninsula.

after spending only a few hours walking along the waterfront of the peninsula I found myself increasingly aware of the numerous contrasts on display. Areas of loud construction and tree-covered areas of quiet. Vast modern structures and extensive voids of land. Old brick walls and extensive poster plastered hoarding.

this scale of power effects not only the present and future form of the peninsula, but also to some degree dictates the Peninsula’s past. With this, I began to read parallels to the Orwellian land and historyscape of 1984 where history is an object which is owned and rewritten. Orwell’s omnipotent society falls effortlessly from the pages onto the vast expanses of the peninsula and connected docks.

it is the latter which resonated with me after further research following the visit. The proposed

architecture is power and power is architecture.

With the growth of this architecture comes the

people to fill them, a predicted 23,000 in total. With this in mind I began to consider how, if ill-considered, an influx of this magnitude would effect the existing site. Therefore, using the swell in population of 264%, I swelled the existing structures on the peninsula to represent this change along with the further swell of ‘The O2’ to the 2050 target for london. my graphic style was a combination of the 1920’s/30’s british travel posters and that used by Max Dalton to evoke the model-like worlds of Wes Anderson’s films. This was in hope to capture the closed off feel of vast urban developments, aiming to form a fully functional city in one sitting, a Model Peninsula.

survey + terraform density

density

the proposed addition of 15,000 households on the peninsula gives a projected population increase of 37,050 (assuming the London average 2.47 person household). Assuming the peninsula as defined by the outlined area below, the peninsula is a 2.75sqkm area and so would have a density nearly 3 times that of the average for the greater london area with this population swell. The 13,722 projected density figure is in fact greater than the average density per sq mi of greater london.

survey + terraform the swell

the swell the proposed mass development of the peninsula involves an unprecedented swell in the population.

Representing this growth through the swelling of the peninsula’s iconic dome then gives a physical impression of the magnitude of the proposed changes.

survey + terraform ground up, sky down on visiting Foster’s Vieux Port pavilion in Marseille I took the above photograph. The orientational ambiguity of the image visually addresses the implications around a secondary vertical plane above the Peninsula.

with the consideration of the ownership of space above the the ground, I aimed to begin investigating the limit at which this spacial privitisation ends vertically. That is, at what point the gated Peninsula community ends. the above image addresses the implications of constructing a physical boundary at this vertical limit, raising questions regarding how this would be used or misused.

building from the ground up and the sky down.

survey + terraform the catalogue

the catalogue following on from the consideration of a vertical limitation to the ownership of the site, I undertook a study of the existing objects on the site. The study focussed on objects which may be deemed undesirable on a developed future peninsula. the above image identifies this taxonomy of the existing Peninsula and was constructed by my physical cutting of the objects from a printed aerial image of the Peninsula.

survey + terraform a taxonomy

a taxonomy of the peninsula

a taxonomy of the peninsula on the basis of functions of distribution and collection allowed for the classification of 159 existing structures.

by reducing the treatment of the buildings and structures to objects the peninsula can be reimagined and gain a new identity,

the ordering the objects by size a spatial sense of the existing identity can be gauged.

survey + terraform condensing the peninsula

condensing the peninsula

in condensing the classified objects, the desired ground space for residential and commercial development is released and the existing vernacular of the Peninsula is intensified. Applying a spatial form to the traced paths of this taxonomy gives a visual implication of the impending changes on the Peninsula.

survey + terraform spatial explorations

spatial explorations of the taxonomy

taking the mutated and concentarted peninsula and applying a spatial order based on size.

survey + terraform order and character

applying order and character

surveying the objects in further detail gives a further understanding of the function fo the peninsula in its existing condition.

the formatting of the objects into a rigid form allows for a further suggestion of the treatment of the peninsula by the proposed masterplan.

survey + terraform identifying ownership

identifying and unravelling ownership

an analysis of the 159 objects based on their geographical location and ownership allows for a further understanding of the change in function as well as aesthetic proposed to the peninsula.

an organisation based on ‘owners’ reveals the peninsula to be a largely spatially vacant area.

the survey highlighted the dereliction of many of the buildings on the peninsula, categorised here as unbranded.

survey + terraform ownership grouping

ownership grouping

by applying a spatial organisation to ownership districts are formed which both connect the objects and represent the overall area belonging to each of the owners.

this diagram aims to question the potential impact of the future ownership of the Peninsula on its identity and furthermore the implications of this on the demographic and function of the area.

design

the urban forming the masterplan

forming the masterplan

taking the idependent districts and interlinking them as one masterplan challenges the existing autonomy of the development of the peninsula with a poly-autonomous secondary masterplan.

the masterplan, formed by the existing buildings and their owners, acts as a supportive structure above the peninsula.

the urban powering the peninsula

powering the peninsula

in order to serve the developing peninsula and its residents, the districts of the masterplan act to treat, utilise and dispose of the growing waste. The opportunity for innumerable benefits from power to compost to re-use allows the districts to gain individual characteristics.

the urban view from the peninsula

view from the peninsula

new and old peninsula residents alike will look up to a layered landscape which acts to support their lives. Collecting, treating and using their waste and providing all the utilities required to survive below.

the urban the waste fields

the waste fields

by developing the initial district as a waste organisation plant to begin steps towards supporting the expected swollen population, a series of interconnections introduced the concept of fields of waste in the sky.

the urban storage on the waste fields

storage on the waste fields

the waste fields will easily support all of the expected waste increase, with the prospect of becoming a centre for all of london’s waste to be stored, seperated and utilised.

the urban inhabiting the districts

inhabiting the districts

the districts will be identifiable by differing function, with the first adressing waste treatment. The feeding of this growing population then becomes the target for following districts.

at all times the relation of the peninsula above and below must be considered, with each being unable to function without the other.

the urban a lucrative waste vernacular

developing a ‘lucrative waste’ vernacular

a new vernacular for the peninsula will develop from the functions of the districts, with the waste fields providing the first opportunity.

the urban analysing the existing

analysing the existing

with the development of a new vernacular for the peninsula above, it is key to consider that of the existing condition. by exploring each of the elevations of the 159 objects the features which allow identification of the existing peninsula become clear. the industrial history of the peninsula remains prevalent, with functionality dictating aesthetic.

the urban typology experiments

experimenting with existing typologies

a layering experiment of each of the elevations from smallest to largest gives an indication of the peninsula’s rich diversity in scale and style.

the urban layering the existing

a layered landscape

taking each of the elevations and gradually merging them gives a mutated and intensified experience of the peninsula in its existing condition.

layering an agri-industrial vernacular

an ephereal representation of this process provides an intense snapshot of the area. contrasting this with a functionally derived intensive growing structure reveals the availble shift in vernacular with the new masterplan.

the urban peninsula parasite

a parasitic structure over the peninsula

the peninsula acts as a parasite to the masterplan just as the masterplan does to the peninsula. The urban startegy foresees the impossibility of one functioning without the other. The growing peninsula needs the food supply and waste treatment from the masterplan just as the masterplan needs the physical support of the peninsula below to exist.

the urban the masterplan

the masterplan

the masterplan is directly derived from an extensive quantifiable survey of the existing condition of the peninsula, both physically and in the sense of its ownership.

The districts formed provide extensive area for intensive processes. A realm dictating by the needs of the city below and dedicated to serving.

No permenant habitation exists, only provisions for servicing the growing peninsula and its residents.

the urban the growers

the growers focussing on the development of specific aspects of the masterplan, the intensive growth of food became a key interest. A development of the lightweight agri-industrial vernacular, alongside functional necessities. allowed for the design of growers which appear to float above the existing peninsula.

a physical model of the double curvature skeleton necessary for providing intensive growing space, ensuring consistent daylight and reducing weight. The form is additionally ideal for maximising rain harvesting and sucessful drainage.

the urban supporting agriculture

supporting intensive urban agriculture

the design of the grower allows for a core space dedicated to the collection of the grown goods and running of all structural and service components.

building design structural and functional

designing the structural and functional

by developing the deisgn to have a central configuration, the ability to stack the growers vertically became availble.

This allows a maximisation of the area, increasing the available agriculture production.

the urban growing on and in

work on the grower the growing area can be used in many ways, left open to allow the implementation of hydroponic and aquaponic systems, or covered to allow traditional soil based growth. the form of the curvature allows variable soil depths in the case of the latter, diversifying the available produce to grow.

work in the grower the centre of the structure is composed of two levels. The upper level is dedicated to collecting and sorting the produce from the growing level to be transported back to the peninsula below. the lower level comprises drainage tanks and also offers the opportunity for fish farming through the aquaponics process.

the urban feeding the growing population

feeding the growing population

using the swell figures and a calculated figure for the potential yield of the growers, the masterplan would necessitate 420 of the structures to provide the necessary produce for the proposed population.

the urban food and power yield

food and power yield

by additionally using the existing selchp facility located in south east london as a precedent for the production of power from waste, the waste of the new population could be enough to provide enough power for 10,000 homes,

the urban the growth

the growth the growing level, if filled with soil, will provide a large expanse for intensive growing. Above the growing level a ring beam provides structure for the hanging of the walkways, drainage and an irrigation system.

the urban the collection

the collection the collection level provides space for the temporary storage of all produce which can then be lowered to the base on the peninsula below.

the urban the storage

the storage the base of the growers on the peninsula below allows the storage of the grown produce, as well as the opportunity for the founding of a community of growers. By designing the surrounding of the base as a flexible market space members of the peninsula are able to benefit directly from the proposed structures.

the urban the start of urban agriculture

urban agriculture starts in the allotment

the royal borough of greenwich council address the place of allotments in greenwich historically stating that ‘the use of land as allotment gardens goes back to before the reign of Elizabeth I, but it was during the World Wars that allotments became really popular with city-dwellers’. This is clear when analysing historical maps of greenwich which show an abundance of plots around these times when ‘fresh fruit and vegetables were in short supply so, driven by the government’s Dig for Victory campaign, townfolk dug up public parks, playing fields and village greens in order to grow their own food’.

looking at the peninsula now following the past two decades of development and specifically forecasting the next two decades, it seems that no land is to be dedicated to this communal activity. Though in the rest of the borough ‘tenants come from at least 26 ethnic groups and ages range from 18 (to) 87’, the demographic of the peninsula is to not have the opportunity of being urban agriculturalists.

On average there are people waiting for any single allotment plot in the UK.

52

allotments for the peninsula

In the borough of Greenwich only 5 locations currently have vacancies and all are located >5km from the Peninsula.

All allotment locations run by the royal borough of Greenwich council use the size and price ranges beside, with variable prices reflecting concession, borough resident and none borough resident respectively.

9.2%

5.5%

0%

the urban the existing allotment condition w must join waiting lists cooks farm

w

church manorway

w

f

v

full

current vacancies

humber maze hill

f

highcombe

f w

dallin prior street dot hill

f

kidbrooke w

pippenhall crathie road west

v

middle park

v

crathie road east eltham palace

f v

gavestone

1000m

500m

parkview

v

coldhabour

v

125

100m

250

m

rent:

m

£50/£100/£200

rent:

£100/£200/£400

1000m areas in deficiency of access to allotment plots

144

m

the existing allotment condition

in the borough of greenwich only 5 locations currently have vacancies and all are located >5km from the peninsula. all allotment locationsrun by the royal borough of greenwich council use the size and price ranges beside, with variable prices reflecting concession, borough resident and none borough resident respectively.

in our community we will provide plots which encompass the scales of involvement of their users, with classeswhich span the veteran or commercial grower to the first-timer.

class:

veteran

rent:

£50/£100/£200

106

m

72

m

class:

enthusiast

class:

apprentice

rent:

£30/£60/£120

rent:

£25/£50/£100

bexley

the urban access to nature and pos

enfield

barnet harrow

barnet

harrow

haringey

brent

hillingdon

brent

redbridge

havering camden

hackney islington

ealing city ham ham westminster westminster mers kens mers kens mith ington mith ington southwark + fulham + chelsea + fulham + chelsea

hackney newham tower hamlets

barking + dagenham newham

greenwich

kingston

wandsworth

wandsworth lambeth

merton

merton

barking + dagenham

13.83% 13.83% greenwich bexley

richmond

havering

southwark

hounslow

richmond

lambeth lewisham

bexley

lewisham

kingston

sutton

areas deficient ofareas deficient of nature nature

access to nature and public open space

waltham redbridge forrest

tower hamlets city

ealing

london borough

haringey waltham forrest

islington camden

hillingdon

hounslow

enfield

sutton

croydon

croydon

bromley

bromley

26.43% 26.43%

london borough

according to the london plan ‘areas of deficiency in access to nature are defined as built-up areas more than one kilometre actual walking distance from an accessible Metropolitan or Borough Site of Interest for Nature Conservation (SINC)’. Our proposal aims to provide public open space which will develop into a SINC with time and maturity, providing the existing and future peninsula residents with the access they deserve.

in the london plan public open space is categorised based on scale from the largest (Regional parks) to the smallest (pocket parks). Our proposal falls under the small open spaces category of under 2 hectares but over 0.4 hectares. The plan stipulates that this can support homes up to 400 metres away.

as marshland and subsequently agricultural land the greenwich peninsula has historically provided London with its largest expanse of open green space.

However, following nearly two centuries of industrial use over 26% of the peninsula falls under ‘areas of deficiency in access to nature’ according to the london authority.

enfield 39%

the urban the waste of greenwich

barnet 33%

harrow 45%

hillingdon 43%

harrow 45%

haringey waltham 32% forrest 31%

waltham redbridge forrest 29% 31%

2020 EU target 2020 EU target for household for household waste recycling waste recycling

2020 EU target for household waste recycling

redbridge 29%

15 15

15

brent brent 43% camden 43%

--% merton

--%

stagnant rate

--%

increased rate

--% --%

stagnant stagnant rate --% rate

kingston 46%

15

46%

decreased rates merton merton 39% 39% 39% london kingstonkingston kingston borough 46% 46% 46%

merton merton 39% sutton 39%

sutton 37%

croydon sutton sutton 44% 37% 37%

stagnant rate

--%

stagnant rate

stagnant rate --%

increased --% rate increased rate --% increased decreased ratesrate

--%

increased--% rate increased rate

--%

increased rate

decreased--% rates decreased rates rates --% decreased

--%

decreased ratesdecreased rates --%

--%

decreased rates

london london london borough borough borough

london borough

london borough

london borough

50%

15

15 15

15% of all food purchased in the UK is unecessarily wasted in our households. Of the 41 million tonnes of food purchased, 7 million are thrown away in our homes and only 1.8 million tonnes of these minutes by car minutes by car are deemed to unavoidable. the nathan to the nathan

15

15

way recycle centre

bromley croydon 49% 44%

16 -

6

11 +

2/3

of london’s boroughs are not improving

the waste of greenwich

way recycle centre

16 -

6

15minutes by car to the nathan way recycle centre

11 +

2/3

16 6 11 -of london’s+

bromley 49%

kingston kingston 37% 46% 46% bromley bromleybromley bromley croydoncroydon croydon croydon 49% 49% 49% 49% sutton sutton sutton 44% 44% 44% 44% 37% 37% 37%

--%

--%

merton croydon 39% 44%

of all food of all food purchased the purchased ininthe 2020 EUUK target UK isis for household unecessarily unecessarily waste recycling wasted in our wasted in our households. Of households. the 41 millionOf the 41 million tonnes of food purchased, 7 tonnes of food million are purchased, 7 thrown away in million our homesare and thrown only 1.8away millionin tonnes of these our homes and are deemed only 1.8 million unavoidable. tonnes of these are deemed unavoidable.

2020 EU target for household waste recycling

brent brent brent away in thrown away thrown in away in thrown away in away in bexley 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35%thrown hackney hackney hackneyislington hackney hackneythrown islington islingtonislington islington hackney islington our homes and our homes and our homes and our homes and our homes and 43% 43% 43% camden camden camden camden barking + barking barking + camden + barking + barking + barking + only 1.8 million only 1.8 million only 1.8 million only 1.8 million 31% 31% 31% 31% 24% 31% 24% 24% 24%31% 24% 24% only 1.8 million 54% dagenham dagenham dagenham31% dagenham tonnes dagenham of these tonnes of these tonnes dagenham of these tonnes of these tonnes of these 31% 31% 31% 31% 31% wandsworth minutes by car minutes by minutes car by car hillingdon hillingdon hillingdon hillingdon hillingdon deemed newham are deemed are deemed are deemed are deemed newham newham newham newham tower tower tower newham tower 27% 27% tower 27% 27%tower are 27% 27% richmond to the nathan to the nathan to the nathan lambeth merton unavoidable. unavoidable.unavoidable. unavoidable. unavoidable. lewisham 23% 43% 43% 43% 43% 43% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% 21% hamlets hamlets hamlets hamlets hamlets way recycle way recycle way recycle hamealing ham ham ham city hamhamlets ham 39% city city city city city ealing ealing ealing ealing ealing 23% centre centre centre ke 36% 36% ke 36% ke 36% 36% ke 36% 46% mer ke westminster mer ke mer mer mer mer 20% westminster westminster westminster westminster 28% 28% 41% 28% 28% westminster 28% 28% 41% 41%smi 41% 41% 41%smi nsin nsin nsin nsin smi smi smi smi nsin 22%nsin 22% 22% 22% 22% 22% gton th + gton th + gton th + gton th + gton th + kingston th + gton southwark southwark southwark fulham southwark southwark + chelsea + chelsea + chelsea +southwark chelsea + chelsea + chelsea fulham fulham fulham fulham fulham46% 30% 26% 30% 30% 26% 30% 26% 26% 30% 26% 26% 30% bromley 23% 23% 23% 23% greenwich 23% greenwich greenwich 23% greenwich greenwich greenwich croydon 49% hounslow hounslow hounslow hounslow hounslow hounslow sutton 40% merton 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 44% bexley bexley bexley bexley bexley bexley 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 37% 39% 54% 54% 54% 54% 54% 54% wandsworth wandsworth wandsworth wandsworth wandsworth wandsworth stagnant rate --% richmond richmond richmond richmond richmond richmond lambeth lambeth lambeth lambeth lambeth lambeth lewisham23%lewisham lewisham lewisham lewisham 23% 23% 23% 23% 23% lewisham 23% 23% 23% 23%20% 23% kingston 46% 46% 46% 46% 46% 46% 20% 23% 20% 20% 20% 20% --% increased rate

hillingdon 43%

london borough

2020 EU target for household waste recycling

15 15%%

50% 50%

havering 35% hackney camden islington barking + havering brent 31% 24% 35% hackney islington dagenham 31% 43% camden barking + hillingdon newham tower 27% 31% 24% 43% dagenham 21% hamlets 31% ham city ealing ke 36% newham mer tower westminster 28% 27% enfield enfield enfield enfield enfield enfield 41% 39% 39% 39% 39% smi nsin 39% 39% 21% 22% ham th + gton hamlets city ealing southwark + chelsea 36% mer ke westminster fulham 28% 30% 41% % % % % % 26% smi nsin 22% of all food of all food of all food of all food of all food 23% barnet barnet barnet barnet barnet greenwich gton th hounslow + barnet purchased in the purchased inpurchased the in the purchased in the purchased in the 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% southwark UK is UK is UK is UK is UK is 40% + chelsea fulham unecessarily unecessarily unecessarily unecessarily unecessarily bexley harrow harrow harrow harrow harrow 35% haringey haringey haringey walthamwaltham haringey haringey waltham waltham walthamharingey waltham 30% wasted in our wasted in ourwasted in our wasted in our wasted in our 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% redbridge redbridge redbridge redbridgehouseholds. redbridge 26%redbridge 54% Of households. Of households. Of households. Of households. Of 32% 32% 32% 32% 32% forrest 32% forrest forrest forrest forrest forrest wandsworth 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% 29% the 41 million the 41 millionthe 41 million the 41 million the 41 million 23% richmond lambeth greenwich 31% 31% 31% 31% 31% 31% tonnes of food tonnes of food tonnes of food tonnes of food tonnes of food lewisham 23% purchased, 7 purchased, 7purchased, 7 purchased, 7 purchased, 7 23% hounslow 46% million are havering million are havering million are million are million are havering haveringhavering havering 40%20%

brent 43%35%

stagnant rate --%

the mayor’s municipal waste management strategy, 2011.

haringey 32%

15

--%

Boris Johnson

50% 50%50%

barnet 33%

brent 43%

’

encourage the new infrastructure and fresh approaches required to turn waste into a lucrative commodity and improve Londoners’ quality of life.

harrow 45%

enfield 39%

boroughs are not improving 16 6 11 16 bromley + 49%

6

11 +

2/3 2/3

16 -

6

11 +

16 -

6

11 +

16 -

6

11 +

2/3 41.5 tonnes 41.5 41.5 tonnes tonnes41.5 tonnes 41.5 tonnes 2/3

2/3

2/3

of london’s

of additional waste of produced additional ofwaste additional produced waste produced of additional wasteofproduced additional waste produced boroughs are not of london’s of london’s london’s ofhouseholds london’s of london’s by proposed of households by proposed on by proposed households on onby proposed households by proposed on households on improving boroughs areboroughs not are not the peninsula boroughs are boroughs are not boroughs arethe notpeninsula thenot peninsula the peninsula the peninsula improving improving improving improving improving

the recycling of household (municipal) waste is a key concern in London and nationwide. With an average of 43.2% in 2012/2013 (DEFRA data), the uk is almost 7% below the EU target for 50% by 2020.

Countries such as Germany and Austria already have rates of 65% and 62% respectively with Austria in fact only having 3% landfill compared to our 37% (Eurostat data). Considering then that 1/3 of all municipal waste is classified as food and garden waste, we have a huge opportunity to change the way we think about our waste.

41.5 tonnes

of additional waste produced by proposed households on the peninsula

in london the recyle drive has faltered in recent years, with less than 1/3 of boroughs improving on their 2012-2013 rates. With 14 million uk households (Digest of waste England 2015) having only fortnightly collections, it is as much a mind-set improvement as it is an infrastructural one.

the urban a history of urban form

1910

a history of urban form

1920

an exploration into the changing face of the peninsula over the past century reveals the rise and fall of its industrial importance as well as the emerging prominence of high density living.

1950

in the 2040 projection the Knight Dragon masterplan developing 170 acres of the peninsula can be clearly identified.

Knight Dragon outline their goals for the peninsula to be ‘a thriving district outlined by 1.6 miles of waterfront’ with ‘a commercial district encompassing 3.5 million square feet of shops, hotels, schools and public facilities’.

1980

2010

2030

the urban a palimpsest of the peninsula

a palimpsest of the peninsula

the peninsula is currently undergoing a proposed 25 year face lift which seeks to add to and feed from the success of the O2 arena with residential and commercial developments. To date, ‘work is underway on 500 homes, with a further 1,100 with secured outline planning’, yet it is the 13,400 additional homes to follow which make this ‘a vital contribution to the new homes that London so desperately needs’ (Cllr Chris Roberts, Leader of the Royal Borough of Greenwich).

The palimpsest is successful in presenting the areas of the peninsula which have remained undeveloped.

It additionally provides an interesting visualisation of the propensity for building forms on the peninsula to

grip to the thames waterfront. This move would historically be a practical necessity, whereas now it is a residential luxury.

the site finding a test site

finding a test site the first site will provide the potential to prove the concept of the future of urban agriculture on the peninsula. As a result of this, it is important to ensure that the site can suitably meet the environmental requirements.

144

108

m

site strategy

class:

veteran

rent:

£50/£100/£200

m

72

m

class:

enthusiast

class:

apprentice

rent:

£30/£60/£120

rent:

£25/£50/£100

in our community plots will be provided which encompass the scales of involvement of their users, with classes which span the veteran or commercial grower to the first-timer. the site will be divided using this grid in order to maximise the total avialble growing space.

the site a growing community

a growing community

the facilities

the projected growth of the site would see a fully functional community within 3 years.

each of the proposed facilities are interchangeable in the site grid, allowing the necessary flexibility in build time.

the site serving the peninsula

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food + garden waste collection

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food + garden waste delivery

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proposed tunnel route

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tunnel route river thames

planting the peninsula

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proposed cruise ship route

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river boat route thames path

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emirates air line route

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primary road

secondary road

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brid hou ge quayse

minor/private road

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thames path entry point

bus stop

meridian gardens

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ma a g stren et ers

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road

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emirates air line station

tunnel entry

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river bus pier

tunnel a venue

proposed tunnel entry proposed cruise terminal

21 7

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100m

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context

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tunnel a venue

a102

the urban strategy proposes the use of existing and proposed road infrastructure to allow for the collection and delivery of garden and kitchen waste from the peninsula to the site anaerobic digester. Using

a fleet of ‘planting the peninsula’ trucks, powered by the gas generated by the digester, a weekly collection at designated collection points ensures the correct use of the peninsula’s organic waste.

ton’s

the peninsula is already a very well connected area of london, with a jubilee line underground station (north greenwich), river boat pier + the blackwall tunnel. However, it is the future transport proposals which emphasise the opportunities of areas of the peninsula, with the silvertown tunnel expected to provide a connect to the north (where the royal albert dock business district will be located) and the enderby wharf cruise terminal as providing a major tourist destination.

12

pres

serving the peninsula

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the site the initial programme

a c

b

550m²

200m²

250m²

‘Planting the Peninsula Initiative’ community centre and retail space

the growing Corridor, organic waste access and flexible eatery space

the treatment centre with organic waste and compost stores

d e

f

the initial programme

580m²

1150m²

800m²

the kitchen and the eatery

intensive research / teaching quarters

market hall / hireable exhibition space

the primary facilities proposed for the building encompass all apsects of the community. The treatment centre allows for waste storage and power production, the offices allow for the trust to have a headquarters for expansion; and the eatery and market will encourage visitors to start to use the site.

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with all public facilities being single storey in height, the entire site remains highly accessible to all. The primary 6000x6000m grid, employed to satisfy the delivered material sizes (in 600mm denominations), is vital to allow the expansion of further areas of the site when it is required.

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the site arrival at the site

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Distribution/ Delivery opening

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Farm shop

organic waste stores

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site boundary

arrival at the site

the agri-industrial vernacular of the proposal allows for a3variation of openess which reflects the use of the spaces.

2

1

site boundary

the site an extansion of the thames path

an extension of the thames path

the site directly links to the thames path in order to benefit from a greater footfall, both deliberate and spontaneous. The positioning of the market hall beside an existing curve in the path allows for the potential of expansion.

the site simple construction

b bituminous corrugated sheet (with 100mm overlap) 1200x600mm £6.94 per sqm

1200x600mm rooflights to be fitted by specialist.

bituminous corrugated sheet (with minimum of 100mm overlap) 1200x600mm £6.94 per sqm

timber battens at 400mm spacing fixed to studs at 600mm centres.

steel cap in 1200mm lengths (with 100mm overlap)

gutter drainage detail to be specified for rainwater harvesting container on ground.

breathable membrane layer over entire framework.

c

b

Wa lter Se gal a simple construction system

developed as a simple timber framed bolt-together system, the Walter Segal approach to self-build was first explored in london in the 1970’s in the borough of lewisham. The system uses materials in there standard sizes, meaning that we will not have the conerns of cutting the materials and the waste which results from this. The foundations for the approach involve simple point blocks, 900x900 wide in our case, so there is much less use of concrete than in strip foundations. with walters way, a street with a number of walter segal constructed homes, located only 7 miles from our site, we aim to reach out to any remaining self-builders to assist with the teaching of techniques and in the construction process itself.

a

triplewall polycarbonate sheet 2400x600mm £24.80 per sqm 6.75kg per sheet

a c

18mm chipboard sheet (to be fixed against internal battens) 2440x1220mm 75x225mm timber column b fixed to £5.82 per sqm column timber a.

d

bituminous corrugated sheet (with 100mm overlap) 1200x600mm £6.94 per sqm additional latteral support fixed to wall plate and studs to allow door opening of 1800mm width.

d

900x900mm concrete plinth at 550mm depth (150mm above ground to prevent excessive dampening of timber columns).

low energy no cutting no waste

the 9 steps to constructing the initial 3 module unit allow the volunteers to learn all aspects of the processes involved for the future builds. the primary material use for the external cladding is a corrugated bituminous sheet measuring 600x1200mm costing £6.94 per sqm and weighing only 6.4kg a sheet. The additonal use of triplewall polycarbonate sheets, measuring 600x2400, costing £24.80 per sqm and weighing 6.75kg a sheet, the agriindustrial vernacular is achieved whilst allowing ample daylight and making visible the work of the volunteers.

75x225mm timber column c (column bottom) fixed to column a and into metal bracket set in concrete plinth.

75x225mm timber column a (column centre) fixed to column section b.

the site community construction

d d c c b b a

d column top

c column base

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onduline bitumin corrugated cladding b column middle

a column centre

community construction

the aim to build an energy efficient selfsufficient community starts with the construction of the allotments and initial buildings. in order to ensure a low emodied energy value there will be a reduction of the waste of materials as well as using a minimal amount of materials such as aluminium, concrete, glass and plastics which all consume a great amount of energy in their manufacture. the structural strategy of applying a site wide grid of 6000x6000mm means that all materials in the standard 600mm denominations can be used on purchase and delivery. No cutting. No waste.

all materials specified in the design manual are availble locally, with the majority available from the b&q located a 7 minute drive from the site. This allows an incredible ease of delivery and more so means that if additonal or unexpected materials are required, they can be easily and quickly purchased to continue construction. the construction system employed is a dry one, meaning all fixings are on a screw and bolt basis. Volunteers will have simple tool training and helath + safety guidance, with the heavier machinery required (such as a digger during the ground clearance phase) being used by trained and contracted professionals.

chipboard

triplewall polycarbonate sheet

polypropylene drinking straws

the site community expansion

community expansion

the use of sheet cladding, be it corrugated, plastic or timber, will give the facilities a combination of characteristics, taking aspects of agricultural and industrial design and merging them to form the beginnings of a potentially new vernacular on the peninsula. the design manual was heavily influenced by the early studies of the existing condition of the peninsula and its’ buildings, with a particular taxonomical study of the 159 distributary structures giving a clear sense of the forms and materials currently present. future construction will use this to develop a growing vernacular.

the building the first build

the first build

3 modules

6 months

the first build provides the opportunity to work and learn collaboratively as a community. The foundation and joinery workshops, in addition to the allotment construction, held prior to the build, will give volunteers the necessary knowledge and health + safety training to take part. the presence of the first structures alongside the allotments will act as further marketing for the planting the peninsula trust and our aims. We hope that this will attract further interest and investment, allowing the construction of the next proposed facilities and with this, the growth of the community.

the building construction phases

construction phases

the construction of this first internal space will allow planting the peninsula to be present permentantly on site. With this, the security of all further stages can be monitored and all design/ construction consultations can take place on site. the first build will allow us to learn from through practice, with the deisgn manual being ammended suitably to address any issues in the further construction projects.

internal fit-out

the simple internal joist and metal hanger system allows great ease in adding additional storage, or potential usable, space on a first floor level.

The use of the joists also allows the installation of the high wall and roof level insulation, vapour barrier, battens and cladding to be an easier and safer process.

the building simple and flexible spaces

opening for skylight frame floor joists

polycarbonate sheets opening for window frame

PP volunteer

battens fixed to studs studs sitting on double beam floor joists

air tightness + vapour barrier 300mm rockwool insulation

timber frame double beams

simple and flexible spaces

the simple construction system allows for open plan spaces, retaining flexibility for all internal areas. it additionally ensures that the construction projects do not necessitate professionals, allowing the community to build the facilities.

the building design by performance demand

144

m

harvested rainwater

PP rent: £50/£100/£200

market stalls

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fish farm

anaerobic digester PP

hydroponic cabins

gas store

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research space

£

+

+

suds system

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design by performance demand

the facilities aim to be as self-sufficient as possible. the site gives back to the peninsula and its inhabitants, taking its waste and converting it to power, heat and food for plants in the form of soil conditioner and compost. the three key performance concerns for the facilities can be categorised by water, waste and work. As a community founded by an interest in urban agriculture with a concern for waste treatment, the roles of waste and water are key to progression and expansion.

a key strategy of the facility is in the reduction of needs, be that in the demand for heat, water, light, electricity or ventilation. In order to do this, key areas of concern were identified in the community as; water, power and revenue. although these were adressed as key, there are also many more performance factors to consider in the design process to ensure the efficiency and potential for self-sufficiency of the community.

the building lucrative waste waste - to - power the service tower contains the gas store, methane electricity generator, chp unit + heat recovery and mechanical extract system.

power - to - food the electricity produced is then fed to the other areas of the building, with the kitchen additionally using a percentage of the raw methane for its appliances.

gas store

peninsula organic waste collection

pure methane used to power

organic waste collection vehicles

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waste storage on site

waste decomposition

anaerobic digester

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anaerobic digester PP

waste store PP

gas store for use in pure form and in generator for electricity production

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waste - to - gas the anaerobic digester will decompose the food and garden waste of the facility and borough residents through three stages leading to the production of methane and a digestate which can be cured to form organic compost.

lucrative waste

the low municipal recycle rates across london and the rest of the uk are both putting us at risk of meeting the 50% EU target and also, more importantly, is resulting in over a third of our waste still ending up in a landfill when it could be re-used, recycled or even prevented. the time to improve our rate of recycling municipal waste in the royal borough of greenwich is now. With the development of the area comes a new population of residents, workers and visitors, and it is our aim to target the 1/3 of the waste they produce categorised as food and garden waste.

the primary goal, as outlined in our performance demand, is reduction. The building aims to provide the peninsula and its people a facility which does not ask for more energy, materials, food and water, than it truly needs. As a result of this, a servicing strategy is proposed which incorporates the use of a large anaerobic digester to decompose the collected garden and food waste and produce methane gas to create electricity for all needs.

the process

gas store

PP

+

the house-hold waste increase on the peninsula will result in almost 15 tonnes of additional food and garden waste, all of which can be used in an anaerobic digester to produce methane (for electricity) and compost/fertiliser (for allotments). the ultimate ambition is to supply all of the electricity through the anaerobic digestion system, converting a portion of the methane to electricity via a generatior. However, the site will still be connected to the grid in the case that power is required from an alternative source.

the building utilising waste

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utlising waste

one of the co-products of the anearobic digestion process is a digestate. This digestate can be very useful as a nutrient rich soil conditioner and even compost, following simple stabilisation, curing and dewatering techniques. Part of the research and learning will involve this treatment process which will provide the community with sellable compost for allotment users and home urban agriculturalists.

hot water harvested rainwater

60째C

the building site constraints

500m

flood zone 3

500m

site boundary

site constraints

low risk

the greenwich peninsula falls largely under the flood zone 3 rating, and as a result is heavily protected by specific flood defences and, located further east, the thames barrier. It is for this reason that all aspects of flood risk must be considered and included in the design of the proposal. the maps indicate that the site is almost entirely at risk, with specific risk of flooding based on the existing drainage infrastructure on the peninsula. However, though having risk areas, the site is in an area specifically benefiting from additional flood defences.

medium risk

500m

high risk

flood defence

flood zone 2

flood zone 3 with defence

high flood risk

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the building site flooding strategy

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tunnel avenue

surface flooding

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although the areas on the site highlighted are only low risk for surface flooding, it is important to consider their effect on the facility, especially in regards to the internal spaces and allotments.

The zones outlined can be utilised in a beneficial way, using these areas for sustainable urban drainage as ponds aligns with the london plan target of an additional 250 ponds in London of less than 2 hectares in size.

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site flooding strategy

the building the rainwater harvesting

the rainwater harvesting

the intensive nature of the research and teaching quarters requires a constant supply of water, with a high demand site rating. The water supply must be available to all internal spaces and must have a backup in place to prevent the risk of the agricultural systems losing a water supply. by approaching the design of this facility differently and including a harvesting area for rainfall, a constant supply of water can be guaranteed, with a secondary mains water supply in place.

Additionally, the drainage of the other facilities on site each have a simple harvesting barrel in place for on site use (non-potable).

the building the hydroponic process

ventilation shutters

dehumidifier

the hydroponic process

the hydroponic quarters are intensive in their growing methods, water usage and electricity usage. For this reason it is key to ensure that the design allows the space to be as flexible and efficient as possible. With natural ventilation and the option for mechanical dehumidification the space will be habitable in addition to a perfect growing climate. the combination of the harvested rainwater in the hydroponic system allows for an self-sustainable system which will yield variable crops and quantities dependant on the researcher.

By using one of the quarters for the growth of facility produce, all produce sold in the market, sun cabin and eatery can be produced by the volunteers on site.

the building the aquaponic process

flood tank

water rich in nutrients

grow beds

clean water

waste water

fish run

aquaponics: grow your own fruit, vegetables + fish

the aquaponics process

the aquaponic system works in a similar setup to the hydroponic system, with the addition of a fish run for fish farming.

Offering these facilities in the research quarters allows the kitchen and market to also benefit from fish as well as produce grown on site.

the greenhouse cabin

the design manual will additionally include landscape structures to be built with the growth of the facility. One of the key designs will be the greenhouse cabins which have the potential of reaching 3 storeys in height to provide extensive hydroponic growth areas for allotment users who wish to explore the agricultural technique. the detailed walkway design will also be in the deisgn manual, with designs for mushroom research draws, bean growers and various landscape elements availble for construction when they are required and funding is achieved.

the building the first intensive growing structure

1

rainfall is drained from rooftops for re-use

harvested rainwater

the research facility has a direct connection to harvested rainfall the aquaponic research quarters have pools and pumps for water circulation

2

fish farm

hydroponic cabins

the hydroponic process is open to allotment owners by constructing the greenhouse cabins found in the design manual

3

all water is sustainably drained, with a large suds pond proposed for the site

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the first intensive growing structure

the design manual will include construction steps for greenhouse cabins which allotment users can construct, with the assistance of volunteers. The cabins use simple drip feed hydroponic systems which are drained to the suds pond with the allotment run-off. By addressing the location of surface water flooding risk and including the implementation of ponds, the selection of specific locations to encourage the development of wildlife was made possible. the risk areas surrounding the designated pond locations will drain directly into the ponds as part of the sustainable urban drainage scheme for

the allotments are designed as simple raised beds, allowing nutrient rich soil to be used and a specific draining strategy to be employed.

suds system

+

with the potential for a reduction in demand of water not possible, we instead looked to ways of coming by the water in a sustainable way. With this, we developed a number of simple rainwater harvesting systems on below the drainage from rooftops. The higher demand in the research quarters led us to develop a more intensive harvesting system which feeds directly into the growing systems.

A small version of this system is available to allotment owners by constructing the greenhouse cabins found in the design manual.

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the building the growing fields

the growing fields

nt tme allo m2) 4 (14

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only with the active involvement of the community are the ambitions of the planting the peninsula initiative possible and so acquiring support of local and regional people and companies is vital.

gr with growth of the site, interest in the research opportunities and investment in developing architectural n bea ers solutions to agricultural advancement, w gro the place of the allotments on the site will remain monitored and retained.

2

the composition of the community as one involving education and research facilities, an eatery, retail spaces, allotment gardens, offices and temporary exhibitions, allows it to act as a self-sufficient centre on the peninsula.

It is our aim to identify further sites to then push our concept further, making the peninsula the centre for change in london.

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c the greenhouse cabins have the potential of reaching 3 storeys in height to provide extensive hydroponic growth areas for allotment users who wish to explore the agricultural technique.

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the building the trust

the trust planting the peninsula initiative is a charity trust which aims to inspire and engage existing and future residents of Greenwich Peninsula through the transformation of a section of the Victoria deep water terminal into a urban agricultural community.

the building marketing the trust

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interactivity

public awareness

reaching out

social media

branding

the trust was formed in order to ensure the involvement of the residents of the Peninsula, borough of Greenwich and city of London in shaping the identity of the growing Peninsula. A key step towards achieving this is in the development of apps, webistes and even games which publicise the trust and its aims.

with television programmes such as bbc’s ‘the big allotment challenge’ instilling a public interest in the ownership of allotments, it is vital that we put an emphasis on marketing our initiative and its aims to gain the support of a broader community which is in waiting.

by ensuring that our website is both active and interactive, we can begin gaining support and donations for our cause before we have even gained access to the first site. The ‘Kickstarter’ website has proven that a community can form entirely by digital beginnings, with backers and creators striving for and being invested in the same goals.

some charities are funded by central or local government, a process which can be direct, or through a funding body. With this, charities can also ‘bid for contracts to provide public services’, something which our organic waste collection would fall under.

the kickstarter website is a self-proclaimed ‘ way to fund creative projects’ and offers ‘creators’ the opportunity of receiving ‘backers’ for projects which they otherwise could not afford.

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our instagram

marketing the trust

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the building gaining support

gaining support

the publicising of the site, its facilities and the community is a key aim, with deisgn playing a key role in successfully gaining support from members of the public and funding sources alike.

the building growth of the peninsula

growth of the peninsula

the expansion of the site to follow the urban strategy, and eventually to fulfill the masterplan, is projected to be in 20 years time. This falls prior to the arrival of the cruise terminal which will ensure an even greater visiting population.

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site purchased by Knight Dragon

land construction events transport

the growth of the facilities over the projected 3 year construction phase will coincide with the extensive development of the peninsula. In addition to the commercial and residential growth the peninsula will see the addition of the silvertown tunnel and a cruise terminal at enderby wharf, both increasing the visiting and working population of the peninsula. It is vital to consider events such as these and how the facilities can benefit with their arrival.

low

access to site from the thames path opened

site hand over to Planting the Peninsula

the allotments

the cabin opens its doors to the thames walk

community centre and retail space

growing corridor the eatery + the treatment centre

market space the research quarters

1%

allotments workshop

foundations workshop joinery workshop

stage 2 construction begins

stage 1 construction complete

medium

stage 2 construction complete

the cabin

allotment rentals and maturity of allotments approaches 1/3 of the maximum. market opening

30%

intensity of use

first private event in market

silvertown tunnel projected opening

summer pop-up cinema

67%

high

first summer season of the cabin cafe research expansion fundraising

2/3 of all allotment plots are being rented.

enderby wharf cruise terminal projected opening

transport

very high

construction of intensive urban agriculture research structures

100%

events

land

construction

the building a movement towards an agricultural vernacular

a movement towards an agricultural vernacular

the increased exposure of the initiative, and with this the additional funding, will allow for the develop of the intensive agricultural structures which form the masterplan.

the building future

rising up above the peninsula and the isle of dogs to allow for intensive

24 hour growth of food.

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FUTURE 1

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vernacular for urban agriculture in 2 London which

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Continued support from trustees Jarred Henderson

Richard

...3 utilises space over the peninsula, 4

... provides intensive growing allotments

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... and from Greenwich Society President Richard Baglin.

... and diversifying the skyline of London.

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20 year

enderby wharf cruise terminal projected opening

the masterplan sees the first intensive transport12 agriculture structures constructed before the 13 arrival of the enderby wharf food + garden cruise terminal. waste collection

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food + garden waste delivery

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construction of intensive urban agriculture research structures

Hanging above the river thames, the structures will begin to allow the identifcation of the Greenwich Peninsula in a different light to that suggested by the Knight Dragon Development

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the site of the first agricultural structure

proposed tunnel route

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below...

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tunnel route river thames

planting the peninsula

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proposed cruise ship route

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river boat route thames path

construction

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y yabsle

street

emirates air line route primary road

secondary road

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the building the grand arrival

the grand arrival

the future structures will begin to form the masterplan, feeding the peninsula below and providing an additional platform for viewing London. the extensive walkways linking the growers and the districts will be accessible to the public in educational and tourist tours.

constructing the growers

due to their intensive function and three layer design, the growers are situated over 75m above the peninsula.

7000 15000

the intensive growing level, able to support hydroponic, aquaponic and traditional growing methods, will be availble for visitors to visit to learn and get involved.

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visiting the growing level

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the building visiting the growing level

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the strategies growing on greenwich

the thames path is a continuous path running from the centre of greenwich to the thames barrier and beyond, regularly used by dog walkers, runners and cyclists. By sitting the proposal along the path, and not altering the route, the community will benefit from exposure to these visitors.

growing on greenwich

the positioning of the summer cabin eatery beside the path further encourages the use of the site.

the strategies growing over greenwich

growing over greenwich

the urban strategy allows for the existing and future residents of peninsula to dispose of their waste and have a supply of food and power directly from above. the initiative aims to expand to allow this level of support, resolving the rate of recyling for the borough and potentially the city of London.

the strategies the site strategy

the site strategy

the strategies the urban strategy

the urban strategy