PACKAGING DESIGN & MAGANEMENT II
PACKAGING DESIGN & MANAGEMENT II J.BORBOLLA / M. BOCANEGRA / I. LATOUR / E. PUL
UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE
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Index
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
DESIGN PROPOSAL
SUSTAINABILITY LEGISLATION
INTRODUCTION / BRAND ANALYSIS / TARGET USERS / MARKET SPECIFICATION.
IDEATION / PREVIOUS CONCEPTS / MEETING WITH CLIENT / FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS / COSTS / TESTS.
CLOSING REMARKS AND C THIS IMPORTANT TOPICS.
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CONCLUSIONS LINKED TO
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
REFERENCE LIST OF VISITED SOURCES.
TOPA DRAWINGS / FINAL DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS PER PART.
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background information. For the release of the OnlyOrganic brand, a new hummus packaging design was requested by their producers Bio+. In the requirements, it was specified that the packaging should appeal and be recognizable to regular hummus consumers as well as expanding to broaden this use with youngsters without forgetting about retailers. Furthermore, for developing a coupled approach with what the course asked, some keywords were given: innovative, striking and user friendly.
Brand Introduction BIO+
Bio+ is an unique and efficient platform for retailers and suppliers to develop their market together. They stand for healthy, tasty and enjoyable products. This organization is pure and genuine with a natural, honest origin. Branded under the slogan ‘y our natural way of life; the main focus is on lightusers for whom organic means Bio+.
ONLY ORGANIC
Only Organic is a new subbrandfrom BTC which is going to be sold in the Netherlands and across the Dutch borders. Only Organic stands for organic and tasty products, which are full on flavour. Furthermore, 100% organic, 0% artificial additives, pure and honest. This new nutrition based brand is inspired by modern users and their lifestyles. They pursue to adapt mega food trends such as vegetarian, flexitarian, vegan and people who only eat raw food though their products.
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Analysis HUMMUS
The word ‘hummus’ comes from arabic language meaning chickpeas. This translation gives a clear and logical understanding about what hummus is: hummus is a food dip or spread that uses chickpeas as base and it is blended with sesame seeds, t ahini, o live oil, lemon juice, salt or garlic. There are lots of variations in hummus depending on extra ingredients added to the previous mentioned recipe. Good quality hummus is healthy due to the fact that the ingredients used to produce it are entirely vegetable. Low calories, low fat and a vast source of fiber are additional benefits characteristic of this spread. Although the exact origin of hummus is rather vague it is assumed to have been originated in the Middle East and the northern part of Africa. Served as a dip, main dish or spread this nourishment has a special place in the regional cuisine of these areas up to now. With the previous mentioned food trends and lifestyles hummus is gaining popularity in the rest of the world.
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PACKAGING/ MARKET BTC has developed the tastier hummus in market; comparable to the original homemade flavours according to the consumers.The packaging is intended to be filled with hummus and be sold in chilled and ambient variants. Nowadays 95% of the hummus in the marked is chilled. In the Netherlands sales are 20 million euros, and there is a growth of 2530%. Current hummus suppliers and competitors are Pepsico ‘Sabra’, Nestle ‘Tribe’, Kraft ‘Athenos’, and in the Netherlands also Maza, Florentin (which happens to be more direct because it is also organic) are sold.
USERS
Right now, main consumers are those who have been using hummus because of their culture or those who are conscious of their assets. Nonetheless OnlyOrganic is pursuing to broaden this consumer market by targeting youngster. This is expected to be successful because of all the advantages of the product itself but also because of the innovative food trends that promote a healthier lifestyle (Vegetarians, vegans, flexitarians and rawtarians).
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design proposal
For our creative process we started with research and brainstorming sessions in order to reflect what hummus represented and meant and how could this be shaped and implemented in our concept.
After doing the previous phases, 4 concepts were chosen to show and discuss with the client. Later Bio+ chose a direction and adjustments, graphical factors and details were worked out.
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Final design
INSPIRED BY ITS CULTURAL ORIGINS AND INFLUENCED BY ARCHITECTURE, THE SHAPE OF OUR FINAL CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED. COUPLING THE PRODUCTION FACILITIES THAT THE COMPANY OWNS AS WELL AS THE IMAGE THAT THE BRAND WANTS TO BROADCAST, MATERIAL CHOICES WERE MADE. IT IS STRONGLY BELIEVED THAT IN ORDER TO BE STRIKING AND INNOVATIVE CHALLENGES HAVE TO BE EMBRACED. AS A RESULT, OUR PROPOSAL IS AN ORIGINAL APPROACH TO THE TRADITIONAL JAR, THAT INCORPORATES SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS, NEW CLOSING TECHNIQUES AS WELL AS HONEST COMPONENTS. ONLYORGANIC HUMMUS IS FOCUSED ON THE SHARING. PERFECTLY FITTING FOR A GATHERING, A PARTY OR JUST A DAILY ROUTINE ITS SHAPE IS INSPIRING, AND RECLOSABLE. MATERIAL CHOICES ALSO REPRESENT THE HONESTY, USABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY THAT A PRODUCT SHOULD ENHANCE IN THE LIFECYCLE IT IS PRODUCED. CAUGHTS YOUR ATTENTION WHILE BEING IN THE SHELVE, IT IS STACKABLE AND PERFECT SIZE FOR HAVING A SNACK WITH FRIENDS.
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JAR
be produced for this packaging. In comparison to plastic packaging: About 50,4% of the plastic packaging is recycled by the consumers, but not 100% organic products mean honesty. For the all of this plastics are still feasible to recycle to sake of this principle, a transparent material was new packagings3. needed to contain the product, in this criteria plastic and glass could fit. However talking about As can be stated from these statistics, is that the sustainability, glass is recyclable 100% without recycling rate of glass is way higher as the plastic losing purity and quality1; and even if some one. Another important property which had to be polymers might be capable of this, the feeling taken care of within the jar is its heat resistance, of fidelity and trustworthiness glass flares to the as user has no point of comparison. In addition the the hummus is pasteurized on a heat of 95 jar is shaped in a way that takes you back to the degrees Celsius. Glass performs well on this cultural origins of the spread itself. criteria. Next to the more sustainable feeling of glass, there will actually be a better way of recycling the packaging when made out of glass. Especially in the Netherlands, where about 80% of all packaging glass is recycled2. This high recycling rate means that just a small amount of new glass needs to
CAP FOR THE CLOSING IT WAS INTENDED TO USE A MATERIAL THAT SHOWED THE NATURAL ELEMENT INGREDIENTS AS WELL AS THE FRIENDLY PART OF THE BRAND. CORK WAS THE RESULT OF THIS BECAUSE OF IMPERMEABILITY AND ELASTICITY. LASTLY FITTING WITH THE INNOVATIVE REQUIREMENT AND CONTRASTING WITH THE TRADITIONAL SHAPE A UNIQUE CORKGLASS CLOSING WAS CHOSEN, HELIX. THE PREVIOUS IS A PRINCIPLE THAT INCORPORATES QUALITY, SUSTAINABILITY AND PREMIUM IMAGE WITH RESEALABLE CONVENIENCE4. ALTHOUGH IT REPRESENTS SUCH INNOVATION IT IS ACTUALLY A SCREW THREAD IN GLASS, BUT INSTEAD OF NORMAL SCREW THREAD, THE HELIX IS ON THE INSIDE OF THE GLASS. THIS MEANS THAT A FLEXIBLE MATERIAL, LIKE CORK, CAN BE PLACED INTO THE GLASS AND CLOSE OFF THE PACKAGING AS MANY TIMES AS DESIRED KEEPING THE HUMMUS’ PROPERTIES AS FRESH AS THE FIRST OPENING. SYNTHETIC CORK IS THE BEST OPTION DUE TO THE FACT THAT SUSTAINABLEWISE ARE STILL ENTIRELY RECYCLABLE WITH THE BENEFITS OF CONTROLLING THE OXYGENTRANSFER RATES SO THE LASTING TIME OF THE PRODUCT CAN BE MEASURED5. THE LATTER IS REALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE WHEN IT COMES TO FOOD NO RISKS MUST BE TAKEN.
1 (Glass Packaging Institute Website, June 2016) 2 (Dutch Waste Management Association, June 2016) 3 (Duurzaam, Bedrijfleven Website, June 2016) 4 (Helix Concept Website, June 2016) 5 (Fix Wine Closures Website, June 2016)
FOIL THE LAST PART OF THE PACKAGING IS A SHRINKING FOIL WHICH WILL BE WRAPPING AROUND THE JAR AND THE CORK. MOREOVER THAN CONTAINING THE GRAPHICAL INFORMATION, THIS FOIL ALSO HAS IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS. FIRST IT IS USED TO MAKE SURE THE CORK AND JAR ARE KEPT IN PLACE AND THE CORK CAN NOT FALL OFF DURING TRANSPORT OR OTHER PARTS OF THE PROCESS. SECONDLY, THE FOIL GIVES THE ASSURANCE TO THE CONSUMER THE PRODUCT IS ENTIRELY SEALED, MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS WHEN TALKING A COMESTIBLE GOOD.
INSERT
To create an extra barrier between the hummus and the environment and fit with food grade packaging standards, an insert will be placed in the jar on top of the hummus. This insert is made out of carton with extra coating, just like milk cartons. The insert is made out of a double layer, so the flaps on the top layer can be bended upwards to pull it out of the jar. By virtue of cardboard flexibility, it will be able to get pulled over the helix rims on the inside of the jar without a problem.
The insert also provides some space to print additional information, like recipes and promotional aspects that are also an advantage for the brand. This insert is thought to give the feeling of freshness and safety to the user on the first time the package is open. Later on the user will have the choice of placing it again or just remove it entirely depending on his hummus eating habits.
LASTLY THE EXTRA LAYER OF FOIL OVER THE CLOSING RIM OF THE JAR AND THE CORK PROVIDES AN EXTRA BOUNDARY WHICH MAKES IT HARDER FOR AIR AND LIQUID TO PENETRATE INTO THE PACKAGING. IN SHORT, THE ADDITION OF THE FOIL MIGHT SEEM LIKE MAKING THE PACKAGING LESS SUSTAINABLE, BUT PROVIDES EXTRA BARRIERS WHICH INCREASES THE SHELF-LIFE OF THE HUMMUS. LONGER SHELF LIFE RESULTS IN LESS WASTED PRODUCTS, WHICH CAN BE CALLED MORE SUSTAINABLE. A CONSIDERATION HAS TO BE MADE IN THE AMOUNT OF PACKAGING AND THE AMOUNT OF PROTECTION IT GIVES.
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Usability
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MARKETING It is believed that because of the overall approach this hummus would have a big impact on the market. The combination of cultural inspiration fitting with an entirely organic product that embraces a healthier lifestyle make a strong product. In addition all the design choices are based not only in the core of the company but also sustainable aspects which to the user the product targets have an impact on. One of the most important aspects with this product is that all choices have a strong reason behind them, and it can almost be assured when a customer sees the logic and coherence between company values, product quality and design aesthetics the product grows trust, therefore the feelings are thought to be entirely positive. All in one this product has the perfect mixture of tradition and innovation. The first one due to the hummus per se, embraced by the shape of the jar; while the second one relies in the innovative closure, the stating appearance and the freshness of the graphical language. OnlyOrganic hummus is focused on the sharing, therefore it is thought to be a product that relates to friends in a healthier way, therefore it is also another value of the commodity.
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SECONDARY PACKAGING A shelve and retail ready secondary packaging which contained 6 products was required, this meaning not only capturing the attention of the user but also thinking about retailing. For this step other stakeholders were taken into account: stores and transportation. Therefore, a compact and showcasing box was designed. The previous contains two inserts, one on the bottom of the packaging and one on top of the product. The insert on the bottom is placed there in order to keep the jars on the right spot and the insert on top will protect the glass tip which as stated on the previous analysis is the less resistant part of the concept. When tearing the upper part the crate reveals the exhibition characteristic; it turns out into an even more appealing packaging and has the possibility to expose the product when the packaging is placed in the shelve.
TOPA TEST PLAN & METHODS
It was chosen to execute a vibration and compression trials for this specific container. The purpose of these evaluations were testing the protection of the product by the secondary packaging and make sure the quality of the product is guaranteed when it reaches supermarket. The inquiries were executed with products that have the similar characteristics than the primary packaging. This was done with the help of TOPA institute in the Netherlands8. Materials and weight were kept in mind, to be sure the results would be as closest to our own product. The experiment itself was made with a spread (guacamole dip jars) and with the exact same box that would contain the hummus. Minimal measurement adaptations were made to fit the test product. Technical drawings were sent to the institute, reviewed, corrected and later on data was given back to the design team to analyse and interpret it. The vibration test was conducted to know how the packaging would react on movements caused by the road during transportation. The compression exam inspected the strength of the packaging when being stacked. It was decided to avoid performing a drop test on the assortment, because of the logical assumption that the material used for the product (glass) would easily break at every height. 8 ( TOPA Institute Website, June 2016)
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TEST EVALUATION
THE EXECUTED TESTS DELIVERED USEFUL PACKAGING. HOWEVER, THE PACKAGING DID RESULTS, WHICH GAVE FURTHER KNOWLEDGE SURVIVE THIS TEST WITHOUT ANY DAMAGE, ABOUT THE PACKAGE. CRACKS OR SCRATCHES ON THE GLASS. THIS TEST ALSO SHOWED THAT THE PACKAGING FIRST, THE VIBRATION TEST WAS EXECUTED. THE WAS COMPACT AND HAS A BALANCED WEIGHT WORST CASE SCENARIO, ASIAN ROADS, WAS DISTRIBUTION, BECAUSE THE BOX WAS NOT SIMULATED DURING A LOOSE LOAD VIBRATION TILTED. TEST OF 30 MINUTES. THE HIGH AMOUNT OF VIBRATIONS RESULTED IN A BOUNCING
SECOND, THE COMPRESSION TEST WAS EXECUTED. THE BOX STARTED TO BEND AT A FORCE OF 550 NEWTON THIS IS AROUND FIFTY KILOGRAMS. AS COULD BE OBVIOUS THE PACKAGING BENDS AT THE PERFORATION LINES,WHERE THERE IS LESS MATERIAL AND IS AN AREA INTENDED TO BE REMOVED.
AFTER TESTING, SOME CONCLUSIONS COULD BE DRAWN. OVERALL, THE PACKAGING PERFORMED POSITIVELY, WAS STABLE AND THE PRODUCT WAS NOT DAMAGED, BUT AS WE KNOW THERE IS ALWAYS ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT.
THICKNESS OF 1.5 MM. HERE AN IMPROVEMENT DURING THE COMPRESSION TEST, THE IN STRENGTH CAN BE DONE BY USING A PACKAGING WAS BENDING AT A FORCE OF 550 THICKER BOARD. NEWTON, FIFTY KILOGRAMS. THIS WOULD NOT BE ENOUGH FOR ROUGH TRANSPORTATION, THE VIBRATION TEST SHOWED THAT THERE BUT WILL BE GOOD ENOUGH FOR NORMAL IS A GOOD WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN THE SITUATIONS. THE QUESTION REMAINS, IF USING PACKAGING, BECAUSE IT WAS NOT TILTED MORE MATERIAL IS THE RIGHT SOLUTION TO DURING TESTING, THERE WAS CHOSEN TO USE DURING THE TEST. COVER THIS OR KEEP THE RISK THAT SOME A THIN EFLUTE GOLFBOARD, WHICH HAS THE PACKAGING CAN BEND.
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TERTIARY PACKAGING
strenght when stacking on a pallet
FOR TERTIARY PACKAGING CALCULATIONS OF STRENGTH ARE IMPORTANT. THE PACKAGING IS INTENDED TO BE STACKED COLLO MODULE ON EUROPALLETS (80 X 120 CM). A CERTAIN ASSURANCE LEVEL MUST BE APPLIED TO MAKE SURE THE PACKAGING IS STRONG ENOUGH.
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second and tertia
ary packaging 31
functional specifications
Lifecycle
ATTUNING DESING TO FEASIBILITY ASPECTS 33
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Production 2. INSERT
As it represents a new concept, the first idea when it comes to production would be to implement a tailored production line; however the awareness of the investment this represents can not be denied so more alternatives were tought.
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1 .JAR
Starting with the jar it would be indeed needed to produce a new mold to be used in the forming process. In order to implement the helix technology it is defined that this have cylindrical form. It is assumed that the best way to produce this jar would be the press & blow method . Moreover when it comes to the filling process it is believed that it would require a minor adjustment to fit into existing filling lines. This adjustment it is thought to be a base, ring shaped that would serve as a base for each jar to move around actual filling lines without problems. After the jar is filled and closed this base would be recovered and used again with new jars. Another, more radical solution would be to adjust the filling line to have a base with a notch in it on which the jars can be transported without getting the tip damaged.
The next part to produce would be the insert. The insert is made out of PE coated folding board, which could be cutted by a die cutting machine, next the two layers are glued onto each other, and together, form the insert. After filling the jar with the hummus, the insert would be implemented.
3.CAP
To create the cap of the packaging, a mold has to be manufactured. Next the mold can be used to make the cork part by mixing cork granulate with polyurethane foodgrade glue. This creates the cork closing of the packaging. It would be produced using the individual moulding method. For this is needed to have the ROSAtreated granulated cork (12 mm); this specifications would preferably not be compressed not less than 15,5 mm.6 For being able to implement a cork as a cap for the jar, the helix closing technology was the point of reference. The procedure has the next steps: vaporization, grinding, granulation, ROSA system, moulding, mechanical finishes, washing and drying, electronic sorting, branding, treatment and packaging for dispatch.
4. WRAP-AROUND
The wraparound foil is getting printed before placed on the packaging. Next, the printed foil gets placed around the jar and cork. By heating it afterwards the foil shrinks on its place and keeps the cork and jar tightly together. It is thought to be produced by Riviera Sleeve specialist7.
6 (Amorim Company Website, June 2016) 7 (Riviera Sleeve Specialist Website, June 2016)
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) d a o l f o g k 5 ( d a
o l & e r u t Fix
FEM ANALYISIS TO GET SOME UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE STRAIN AND TENSIONS IN THE DESIGN WHEN FORCES ARE APPLIED A FEM ANALYSIS IS CARRIED OUT. THIS FEM ANALYSIS CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT POSSIBLE OPTIMISATION AND WEAK POINTS OF THE DESIGN. AT FIRST, THE LOAD ON THE GLASS JAR IS TESTED WHEN STACKING THEM UPON EACH OTHER. A QUITE MORE EXTREME SITUATION AS EXPECTED TO BE OCCUR IS SIMULATED. TO DO SO, A FORCE OF 5 KG IS APPLIED TO THE FLAT TOP OF THE JAR (THE LOCATION STACKED JARS WILL LEAN ON). THE BOTTOM OF THE JAR IS FIXED, AS IF THIS IS ON A SOLID FLAT GROUND. LAST, NORMAL GRAVITY IS ADDED TO THE SITUATION.
FIXING POINTS ON BOTTOM
PRESSURE OF 5 KG ON FLAT TOP
GRAVITY (9.81M/S^2)
AS EXPECTED MOST STRESS IN THE JAR IS ON THE PLACE THE MATERIAL CHANGES SHAPE NEAR THE TIP. THE AMOUNT OF STRESS ON THE SIDES OF THE JAR IS WAY LOWER, SO IT CAN BE STATED THAT MOST STRESS IS IN THE TOP OF THE JAR WHEN PRESSURE IS APPLIED THERE.
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AS CAN BE SEEN, THE STRAIN FIGURE LOOKS COMPARABLE TO THE STRESS FIGURE. THIS IS AS EXPECTED, BECAUSE OF THE MINIMAL POSSIBILITIES OF DEFORMATION OF GLASS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. WHEN LOOKING MORE CLOSELY TO THE DATA, IT CAN BEEN SEEN THAT THE STRAIN IS MINIMAL, ON ITS MOST CRITICAL POINT 2.70451E005.
THE AMOUNT OF DEFORMATION CAN ALSO BE SEEN IN THE IMAGE ABOVE. AS SEEN, ALMOST NO DISPLACEMENT IS PRESENT. TO STILL BE ABLE TO SEE WHERE THE SMALL DEFORMATIONS TAKE PLACE, ALSO A FIGURE WITH A HIGH DEFORMATION SCALE IS PROVIDED, THIS CAN BE SEEN BELOW.
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THE FACTOR OF SAFETY FIGURE SHOWS THAT THE LOWEST SAFETY FACTOR REACHED IS 394.255. THIS AN EXTREMELY HIGH FACTOR, SO IT MIGHT BE A POSSIBILITY TO LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL USED.
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LAST, A DESIGN INSIGHT IS GIVEN. THIS SHOWS ON WHAT LOCATIONS MOST MATERIAL IS NEEDED. WHEN OPTIMIZING THE DESIGN (IN THIS CASE THE WALL THICKNESS COULD BE THINNER), THIS COULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.
Costs
Estimated material costs of one packaging: ± €0,11
ADDITIONAL COSTS As shown in the table, the material costs are low. However, the machines and mouldings of the production also have to be taken into account for the cost price. These costs can be divided over a lot of products. This means that a small amount of these production costs must be added to the material costs for a single product. Prices on these moulds are hard to define, but we estimate the total costs of the packaging will double and get to €0,20 per packaging.Again, these prices are estimated and based on assumptions. Therefore, a production of 100.000 products is kept in mind.
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9 (Helix Concept Website, 2016)
SUSTAINABILITY All in one sustainability factors were highly taken into consideration for the reason that OnlyOrganic core values also reflect that. We believe that sustainability within packaging means connecting the dots in the principles that rule design but also the basis of the product. Material choices express the honesty, usability and sustainability that a product should enhance in the lifecycle it is produced.
As we talked with people from Bio+ and therefore OnlyOrganic we sensed the feeling and the importance of the 100% natural products.
When coming up with a packaging it had to fit with this vision. In consequence to every choice, sustainability for us was part of the design process from the beginning. Therefore glass and cork are the main components of our packaging; both are As it is already mentioned before, one of the main requirements entirely for us and perhaps to fit coherently with the brand was the recyclable. Each of the cork caps absorbs up to 112 g of CO2, sustainability aspect. unlike artificial closures, which emit co2 into the atmosphere9.
Legislation Incorporated
Because the packaging is used in combination with food, the materials used should be non-toxic. This is taken into account in the decision of the chosen materials. For example, in the prodtion of the cork top polyurethane foodgrade glue is used, which is non toxic and doesn’t affect the hummus. Glass is entirely safe also for this.
Another important process to take into account is the pasteurization process of the hummus. This pasteurization takes place at about 95 degrees Celsius, so the chosen materials should be able to handle this temperature. Again, glass has a good and safe performance in this matter.
environmental specifications, recycling factors, average symbol of contents and nutrition facts are basic for keeping the communication and trust of the user. More over the coding and dimensions are part of dealing with the retailing and transport but also representstandards that should not be forgotten in order to introduce the product into the market.
Last, intellectual property legislations have to be considered. Within this design, the Helix concept is used which is an innovative closing, created in cooperation between OI glass and Amorim Cork Producers. These companies are really bound to have a patent on the helix closing, so some action Labeling is another important aspect, not forgetting should be taken to have the permission to use this about important information such as ingredients, technique in the hummus packaging.
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REFERENCES 1. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://offer.alibaba.com/market/all3.html?tv=1 2. Don't Just Put a Cork in It. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from https://www.fix.com/blog/alternativewineclosures/ 3. Glass Has Eternal Life. (2015, August). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.wastematters.eu/uploads/ media/DWMA_Closing_the_glass_recycling_loop.pdf 4. N. (2016). Nature | Helix An unexpected twist. Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://helixconcept.com/en/nature/ 5. N. (2016). HelixÂŽ. Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.amorimcork.com/en/products/catalogue/helix/ 6. Protection & Functionality. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.sleevespecialist.com/english/ sleeving/sleevingpossibilities/protectionfunctionality.aspx 7. Recycling. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.gpi.org/recycling/glassrecyclingfacts 8. Sustainability. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.oi. com/Sustainability/ 9. The Nolet Family Distillery. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.noletdistillery.com/en/ourbrands 10. Topa Institute. (2016). Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.topainstituut.nl/ 11. W. P. (2014, January 06). Nederland koploper in recycling plastic verpakkingen. Retrieved June 21, 2016, from http://www.duurzaambedrijfsleven.nl/recycling/2018/nederlandkoploperinrecyclingplasticverpakkingen 12. Packaging Design and Management I slides. Some images are taken from internet.
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APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1. TOPA DRAWING.
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APPENDIX 2. TOPA RESULTS
APPENDIX 3. EXPLORATION RENDERS
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APPENDIX 3. EXPLORATION RENDERS
APPENDIX 4. DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS
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PACKAGING DESIGN & MANAGEMENT II J.BORBOLLA / M. BOCANEGRA / I. LATOUR / E. PUL
UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE
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