Design of Gaharu Essential Oil Extraction Plant with Capacity of 450L per Annual
Plant Design Project (SKF 4824)
Introduction of Gaharu Scientific name: Aquilaria malaccensis One of most previous tree in the world Can be trade in the form of chips, flakes, oil and powder Gives off a unique aromatic scent when the wood is burnt Gaharu oil grade-depending on resin content Formation of resin as a response to wounding induced by external factors or microbial infection
Gaharu from plant to product
Gaharu in Use
Site selection Factors to be consider: Land price Raw Materials Transportation Power and Water supply Labours Proximity to market Waste disposal Government incentives
Plant location: Lot 103, Jalan Kulai, 80000, Kulai, Johor, Malaysia
Global Market
GAHARU IMPORTERS
• • • •
UAE JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA TAIWAN
GAHARU EXPORTERS • • • •
SINGAPORE MALAYSIA INDONESIA THAILAND
Extraction method – Steam Distillation
Distillation
->
Condensation
->
Oil water separation
Equipment selection 1. Propeller Mixing Tank
2. Autoclave
3. Cooler
4. Incubator
5. Steam distillation unit
Steam Boiler 6. Oil water separator
Distillation still
Condenser
Physical properties of oil constituents β-agarofuran
norketoagarofuran
Agarospirol
Kusunol
Jinkoh-eremol
Formula
C14H22O
C14H22O2
C15H26O
C15H26O
C15H26O
Flash point (°C)
113.281
127.781
114.626
116.628
109.677
137.562
Boiling point at 760 mmHg (°C)
269.305
313.614
312.188
315.716
303.513
327.13
Mr (g/mol)
206.3238
222.32328
222.3663
222.3660
222.36634
Density (g/cm3)
1.0080
1.066
0.962
0.958
0.96
0.98
Enthalpy of Vaporization (kJ/mol)
48.6990
55.471
64.139
64.574
63.072
56.94
Vapour Pressure (mmHg at 25°C)
0.012000000104 3081
0
0
0
0
0
Properties
dihydrokaranone
C15H26O
Basis and Assumption of Mass Balance Material out = Material in + Generation – Consumption – Accumulation
Inlet of gaharu = 600kg/day. Production of the plant = 1.26L/day Gaharu contain 0.006 % of β-agarofuran (C15H24O), 0.006 % of nor-ketoagarofuran (C15H24O), 0.047 % of agarospirol (C15H26O), 0.04 % of jinkoh-eremol (C15H26O), 0.029 % of kusunol (C15H26O), 0.024 % of dihydrokaranone (C10H16O), 0.058 % of oxo-agarospirol (C10H16O) and 99.79 % of cellulose (C6H10O5).
Basis and Assumption of Energy Balance Energy out = Energy in + Generation – Consumption + Accumulation
Q = ∆H = ∑ṁĤin - ∑ṁĤout Kinetics and potential energies are neglected
Reference of calculation, H = 0, Po = 1atm, T = 298.15 K All of the unit operation are in steady state
Waste Management
Waste
Solid waste
Joss stick
Gaharu pallet
Waste Water
Waste water treatment plant
MECHANICAL DESIGN
Autoclave still
Incubator
Distillation
Profitability Analysis Total Capital Investment, TCI
RM 5 381 057.98
NET Annual Profit, ANP
RM 2 856 106.44
Pay Back Period Rate of return, ROR
2.8 years after 3 years startup period 55.17 %
Novelty Special design of multi-functional tanks (Autoclave, incubator – mixing, heat, reactor) Minimize the number of unit operations Pretreatment – Enhance productivity