宅急通vol225~237

Apr. 26, 2016

Vol. 225

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

An Ancient Challenge with a New, High-Tech Twist By all accounts, Lee Sedol is a master of the ancient board game—Go. Although the thirty-three-year-old South Korean looks boyish, he is an eighteen-time Go world champion. In addition, he is widely acknowledged as one of the best Go players in the world. However, it appears that this legend has finally met his match, as Lee was defeated four out of five times in a recent Go tournament. His opponent?

A Google computer program named AlphaGo. The “man versus machine” Go tournament was held in Seoul, South Korea, and it featured a million US dollars in prize money. Before the tournament, Lee was optimistic about his chances. However, this optimism quickly disappeared after Lee was defeated by the computer three times in a row. Stunned, Lee blamed the losses on “psychological pressure.” He was able to rally to a victory in the fourth match before losing once again in the fifth and final match.

Of course, this is not the first time that a computer has played a human in a board game. In 1997, a supercomputer from IBM named Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov, who was the reigning world chess champion. Although this outcome shocked many at the time, experts predicted that it would be much more difficult for a computer to defeat a human in the game of Go. In fact, before the recent challenge, some said that computer programs would need at least ten more years before they could compete with Go masters like Lee, since the game is so complex and has an almost endless number of possible moves. The overwhelming victory of AlphaGo has caused many experts to rethink their predictions about the future of computers and artificial intelligence.

The AlphaGo program was created and developed by a company called DeepMind. Google purchased this company in 2014, and it became part of Alphabet, Google’s parent company. Sergey Brin, president of Alphabet and the co-founder of Google, praised both Lee and AlphaGo, and called the game of Go itself “a very beautiful game.”

Although some are worried by the victories of this computer, Ke Jie, an 1

eighteen-year-old boy from China who is the number one Go player in the world, still believes that he can beat AlphaGo, if they were ever to play each other. No matter what, one thing is certain: the future of the game of Go and the world itself may have been changed forever by the victories of AlphaGo.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. The main idea of this passage is that ________.

(A) the ancient board game Go is a game hard to master (B) the advance of A.I. technologies is faster than expected (C) Google has beat IBM and become the leader in A.I. technologies (D) Sergey Brin is the main driving force behind the success of AlphaGo. (

(

(

(

) 2. Who is the best Go player in the world rank after the five-game tournament between Lee Sedol and AlphaGo? (A) Lee Sedol.

(B) AlphaGo. (C) Garry Kasparov.

(D) Ke Jie. ) 3. Which of the following comparisons and contrasts between DeepBlue and AlphaGo is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) They are both computer programs specifically designed for certain games.

(B) They have both beat world champions in some territories at their time.

(C) The later is about two decades more advanced than the former.

(D) The former was designed and developed by IBM and the later by DeepMind. ) 4. According to the passage, it could be inferred that ________.

(A) the author believes that Ke Jie could beat AlphaGo (B) Sergey Brin was the main designer of AlphaGo (C) Lee Sedol was confident of success before the games with AlphaGo (D) the author is pessimistic about the future of the game of Go ) 5. After the first game with AlphaGo, Lee Sedol expressed that his failure was caused by ________.

(A) his arrogance (B) his carelessness (C) the invincible opponent (D) mental pressure

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. by all accounts phr. 從各方面來說；據說 ．I’ve never been to Kyoto, but it is, by all accounts, a quite beautiful place worth visiting.

2. boyish [βΟΙΙΣ] adj. 孩子氣的；男孩似的 ．The man with a boyish face looks 10 years younger than he actually is.

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3. acknowledge [1κνΑλΙδΖ] vt. 承認 be acknowledged as phr. 被公認為… ．Einstein, well-known for his Theory of Relativity, was acknowledged as a genius.

4. legend [λΕδΖ1νδ] n. [C] 傳奇（人物） ．As a legend in baseball, Barry Bonds held a record of 73 home runs in a single season.

5. meet one’s match phr. 遇到旗鼓相當的對手 ．After winning for years, the champion player finally met his match on the field.

6. defeat [δΙφιτ] vt. 擊敗，戰勝 ．To everyone’s surprise, the youngest boy defeated all of the experienced players.

7. tournament [τ3ν1µ1ντ] n. [C] 錦標賽；比賽；聯賽 ．In the keen competition of this international tennis tournament, Serena narrowly won the championship.

8. opponent [1πον1ντ] n. [C] 敵手，對手 ．Nothing could shake William’s confidence that he would beat all his opponents.

9. versus [ϖ3σ1σ] prep. 對抗 ．The final game tonight is Yankees versus Red Sox. You shouldn’t miss it.

10. optimism [Απτ1&µΙζ1µ] n. [U] 樂觀，樂觀主義 ．The young man is filled with optimism; he is always looking on the bright side of everything.

11. in a row phr. 連續地 ．You need to win four times in a row if you want to challenge the champion in this game.

12. stunned [στ⊥νδ] adj. 震驚的 ．The sudden breakout of the deadly disease made everyone stunned.

13. psychological [&σαΙκ1λΑδΖΙκΛ] adj. 心理的，精神的 ．In today’s society, psychological well-being has become a very important issue that everyone cares about.

14. rally [ρ8λΙ] vi. 重新振作（精神等） ．Though being knocked down in the first round, the tough boxer rallied to beat his opponent at last.

15. reigning [ρενΙ9] adj. 現任的，（體育、競賽項目冠軍）本屆的 ．The reigning champ is now at his peak and believes that nobody could beat him.

16. outcome [α5τ&κ⊥µ] n. [C] 結果，結局 ．Stanley was satisfied with the outcome of his efforts. He got straight A’s.

17. predict [πρΙδΙκτ] vt. 預言，預料 prediction [πρΙδΙκΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 預言，預報 ．The weather forecasters have predicted occasional showers for the coming weekend.

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．The superstitious man believes every prediction of the fortune teller about his future.

18. endless [ΕνδλΙσ] adj. 無盡的，不斷的，無休止的 ．The young kid’s death left endless pain and sorrow in her parents’ hearts.

19. overwhelming [&οϖ2ηωΕλµΙ9] adj. 壓倒性的；勢不可擋的 ．Whoever has the strength to persevere in spite of overwhelming hardships ahead can be an outstanding leader.

20. rethink [ριΤΙ9κ] vt. vi. 重新考慮；再想想 ．The government decides to rethink about its policy since there are many people opposed to it.

21. artificial [&Αρτ1φΙΣ1λ] adj. 人工的，人造的 ．Instead of using fresh-cut flowers, the family used artificial ones to decorate the house.

22. intelligence [ΙντΕλ1δΖ1νσ] n. [U] 智慧；理解力 artificial intelligence (AI) phr. 人工智慧 ．Since a child’s intelligence develops quickly before the age of six, more and more parents put much emphasis on preschool education. ．How much AI is used in our daily life might be more than most people think.

Words for Recognition 1. Lee Sedol n. 李世乭 1983 年生，南韓圍棋九段棋士，棋風飄渺靈幻，常有神來之筆，且計算極為 精準，擅長在落後的情況下逆轉取勝，被譽為一代棋界巨匠。 2. Go [Γο] n. 圍棋 3. South Korean n. 南韓人 4. Google n. 谷歌 一家美國的跨國科技企業，業務範圍囊括網際網路搜尋、雲端運算等領域， 開發並提供大量基於網際網路的產品與服務，主要利潤來自於廣告服務。 5. AlphaGo n. 阿爾法圍棋 由英國 Google Deepmind 所開發的人工智慧圍棋程式，也是第一個不藉助讓 子而擊敗職業九段棋士的電腦圍棋程式。在與李世乭的五局賽後被韓國棋院 授予名譽職業九段的榮譽。 6. Seoul [σολ] n. 首爾 南韓首都暨朝鮮半島最大城市，也是現今南韓的經濟、科技和文化中心。 7. supercomputer [&συπ2κ1µπϕυτ2] n. 超級電腦 指能夠執行一般個人電腦無法處理的大資料量與高速運算的電腦，基本組成 元件與個人電腦概念無太大差異，但規格與效能則強大許多。 8. IBM n. 國際商業機器股份有限公司（International Business Machines Corporation） 4

曾譯為「萬國商用機器公司」 ，是一家跨國科技公司，總部位於美國紐約州。 除生產並銷售電腦軟、硬體外，也為系統架構和網路代管提供諮詢服務。 9. Deep Blue n. 深藍 由 IBM 開發，專門用以分析西洋棋的超級電腦，曾於 1997 年擊敗西洋棋世 界冠軍卡斯帕洛夫。 10. Garry Kasparov n. 蓋瑞•卡斯帕洛夫 俄羅斯西洋棋棋手，曾於 1985 至 2006 年間 23 次獲得世界冠軍頭銜，並兩度 與 IBM 開發的超級電腦深藍進行較量：1996 年卡斯帕洛夫以 3 勝 2 和 1 負 取勝，1997 年則是深藍以 2 勝 3 和 1 負擊敗卡斯帕洛夫。 11. DeepMind n. 深度思維 一家英國的人工智慧公司，建立於 2010 年，最初名稱為深度思維科技公司 （DeepMind Technologies），2014 年被谷歌收購後更名為 Google DeepMind。 12. Alphabet n. 字母表 位於美國加州，於 2015 年 8 月成立，是谷歌整合後的母公司，旗下包含谷歌 在內的 7 家子公司。 13. Sergey Brin n. 謝爾蓋•布林 谷歌創辦人之一，在史丹佛大學攻讀博士期間結識了賴利•佩吉，兩人以宿 舍中的廉價主機，應用布林所設計的資料探勘系統為基礎，編寫出 Google 搜 尋引擎，之後更共同建立世界最大的網路公司―谷歌。 14. co-founder [&κοφα5νδ2] n. [C] 共同創辦人 15. Ke Jie n. 柯潔 1997 年生，中國圍棋職業九段棋士，目前（2016 年 4 月）世界排名第一。在 李世乭與 AlphaGo 首局對奕後，曾透過新浪微博表示「就算阿法狗戰勝了李 世乭，但它贏不了我」 ，立即引起媒體及網民關注，造成其微博粉絲數暴增。 但在李世乭連敗三場之後，柯隨即改口表示自己「也可能會輸給 AlphaGo」。

Translation 新高科技挑戰古老棋藝遊戲 從各方面來說，李世乭（ㄕˊ）都是古老棋盤遊戲―圍棋―的大師。雖然這 位 33 歲的南韓選手看起來可能還有點孩子氣，卻已 18 次奪得圍棋世界冠軍；此 外，他也被普遍認為是世界最強棋士之一。不過，這名傳奇人物終於棋逢敵手， 因為李世乭在最近的一次圍棋錦標賽中 5 戰 4 敗，他的對手是？谷歌電腦程式― 阿爾法圍棋。 這場「人機大戰」圍棋錦標賽於南韓首爾舉辦，獎金高達一百萬美金。在這 場錦標賽開始前，李選手對於自己奪勝的機會持樂觀態度，但這種樂觀在連續三 次被電腦打敗後很快就蕩然無存。震驚之下，李世乭將敗因歸諸於「心理壓力」。 5

而在第五戰―也就是最後一次對局―再次吞敗前，李選手於第四戰重整旗鼓，奪 得一勝。 當然，這並不是電腦跟人類首次在棋盤上的較量。1997 年，來自 IBM 的超 級電腦―深藍―就曾打敗過當時的西洋棋世界冠軍蓋瑞•卡斯帕洛夫。即便這樣 的結果在當時震驚了許多人，但專家卻仍然預測，電腦要在圍棋上擊敗人類的難 度還要再高上許多。事實上，在最近這次挑戰前，還有些人認為電腦至少要再過 10 年才夠資格跟李世乭這樣的圍棋大師一較高下，這是因為圍棋十分複雜，可 能的下法趨近於無限多種。而這次阿爾法圍棋的壓倒性勝利，已經讓許多專家重 新思考他們對於未來電腦及人工智慧的預測。 阿爾法圍棋程式由一家名叫「深度思維」的公司創設並研發。谷歌於 2014 年併購這家公司，並將其納入谷歌的母公司―Alphabet（字母表）―旗下。Alphabet 的總裁暨谷歌的共同創辦人謝爾蓋•布林對李世乭和阿爾法圍棋雙方都表示讚 賞，並稱這次的圍棋賽事為「一場非常漂亮的比賽」。 雖然有些人對這次電腦的勝利感到擔心，但來自中國，目前世界排名第一的 18 歲棋士―柯潔―仍然相信，如果有機會較量的話，自己能打敗阿爾法圍棋。 無論如何，有件事是肯定的：隨著阿爾法圍棋的勝利，圍棋以及世界的未來都已 經被永遠改變了。

閱讀測驗解答：1. B

2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D

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May. 6, 2016

Vol. 226

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

Cold War Enemies Warm up as President Obama Visits Cuba U.S. President Barack Obama made history this March with an official visit to the communist country of Cuba. This was the first face-to-face meeting between a U.S. president and a Cuban leader on Cuban soil since 1928.

Geographically, the two countries are quite close, with less than 150 km of open ocean separating them. However, before this visit, the United States and Cuba were a world apart, at least politically. Relations between their governments have been strained since the days of the Cold War following the end of World War II. For decades, America and her allies were locked in a desperate arms race with the Soviet Union and other communist countries. Fear and mutual suspicion drove foreign policy on both sides as tension between the world’s superpowers ran high. Huge militaries with powerful weapons, including nuclear ones, stood ready for a conflict that could happen at any time. As international relations went from crisis to crisis, there was a real risk of nuclear war if either side made a false step.

Of course, as an ally of the Soviet Union, Cuba found itself blacklisted as an enemy by America. To deny Cuba’s government any support, U.S. companies were forbidden from trading with the communist country and visits by U.S. citizens were banned.

Recently, however, in a sign of changing times, Cuba has been implementing many reforms. Obama being warmly received by Cuban president Raul Castro and the Cuban people is an indication of the country “opening up.” To reinforce this message, speaking in Havana, President Obama declared the “Cold War” to be officially over and described his vision of a future of cooperation. He also expressed hope that Cuba will give more freedoms to its citizens. Finally, in a fitting celebration of a shared national passion, the two presidents watched a baseball game between a Major League Baseball (MLB) team from the U.S. and Cuba’s national players.

Re-establishing official ties is a major step that marks a change of decades-old foreign policy on both sides. Even so, despite the improving relations, the U.S. still enforces trade sanctions against Cuba. However, Obama is calling on the U.S. 1

Congress to remove this barrier to the flow of goods that has long crippled Cuba’s economy and kept the country poor. If he gets his wish, international trade will create economic opportunities and hopefully open the door to a better life for Cuban people.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. Before President Obama visited Cuba this time, it was ________ years ago that a U.S. president met a Cuban leader in Cuba. (

(A) 66 (B) 77 (C) 88 (D) 99 ) 2. According to the passage, Obama hoped that Cuba could make some more reforms in ________.

(A) diplomacy (B) human rights

(

(

(

(C) economy

(D) public health

) 3. The second paragraph mainly talks about that ________.

(A) the United States and Cuba are not far from each other on the map (B) the relations between the U.S. and Cuba were quite complicated (C) the conflicts between superpowers might have led to nuclear wars (D) fear and suspicion helped improve the development of weapons ) 4. The key lies in ________ if Obama wants to improve the economy of Cuba and help the poor people there.

(A) the U.S. Congress (B) Raul Castro (C) the Soviet Union (D) MLB ) 5. Which of the following could NOT be inferred from the passage?

(A) U.S. citizens had not been allowed to visit Cuba for years.

(B) Havana was the city visited by Obama on his friendly tour of Cuba.

(C) The better life of Cuban people depends on both the U.S. and the Cuban governments.

(D) Trade sanctions against Cuba is going to be terminated by the demand of Obama.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. geographically [&δΖι1Γρ8φΙκΛΙ] adv. 在地理上，從地理上來說 ．Geographically, Taiwan faces Mainland China in the west and Japan in the northeast.

2. strain [στρεν] vt.（關係）緊繃；拉緊 ．Since the election campaign started, relations between the two candidates have been strained.

3. ally [8λαΙ] n. [C] 盟友，盟國 2

．In the game, the characters have to fight battles against or form allies with other players.

4. mutual [µϕυτΣ51λ] adj. 相互的，彼此的 ．It’s obviously true that language differences are often a barrier to mutual understanding.

5. tension [τΕνΣ1ν] n. [U] 緊張局勢，緊張狀況 ．The conflict between the two political parties keeps arising and there seems to be no way to ease the tension.

6. forbid [φ2βΙδ] vt. 禁止（forbid—forbade—forbidden） ．Jenny’s father forbade her to go out with her friends for two weeks due to her poor grades.

7. ban [β8ν] vt. 禁止 ．The government decided to ban the book because it encouraged people to commit suicide.

8. implement [Ιµπλ1&µΕντ] vt. 實施，履行 ．These proposals might be beneficial to many people, but they are too ideal to be implemented.

9. reform [ρΙφΟρµ] n. [C] 改革，革新 ．The Ministry of Education devotes most of its financial resources to educational reforms.

10. indication [&Ινδ1κεΣ1ν] n. [C][U] 跡象，徵兆 ．There is a clear indication that the typhoon is coming soon. We must prepare in advance to minimize any potential damage.

11. reinforce [&ριΙνφορσ] vt. 強化；使更具說服力 ．Jimmy’s unique dressing styles reinforce people’s impression that he has talent in fashion.

12. declare [δΙκλΕρ] vt. 宣告，聲明 ．To our astonishment, one of the major department stores in London suddenly declared bankrupt without any indication.

13. officially [1φΙΣ1λΙ] adv. 正式地，官方地 ．For now, the minister has not yet officially announced his response to the accusation.

14. cooperation [κο&Απ1ρεΣ1ν] n. [U] 合作，互助 ．The company is a complicated organism with a system that depends on cooperation of each other.

15. re-establish [&ρι1στ8βλΙΣ] vt. 重新建立 ．To re-establish the hospital is the primary task in this area after the serious earthquake.

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16. despite [δΙσπαΙτ] prep. 儘管，任憑 ．Despite the tight schedule, Mr. Dawson still made time to be with his family.

17. enforce [Ινφορσ] vt. 實施，執行 ．Some people complained about the new law when it was first enforced.

18. sanctions [σ89κΣ1νζ] n. pl. 國際制裁 ．The U.N. might impose the trade sanctions on those countries violating human rights.

19. barrier [β8ρΙ2] n. [C] 障礙，阻礙 ．Wear a friendly smile is the most useful way to break the language barrier.

20. goods [Γ5δζ] n. pl. 商品，貨物 ．The new highway would help improve the distribution of goods between the north and the south.

21. cripple [κρΙπΛ] vt. 使陷入癱瘓，嚴重削弱 ．The big storm crippled the airport. None of the airplanes were able to land or take off.

22. economy [ΙκΑν1µΙ] n. [U][C] 經濟，經濟狀況 economic [&ικ1νΑµΙκ] adj. 經濟上的 ．The war between the two countries had a great impact on their economies. ．Since the country’s economic situation is getting worse, it’s more and more difficult for people to find a job there.

23. hopefully [ηοπφ1λΙ] adv. 但願；懷抱希望地 ．Hopefully, we can get a bonus prior to the Chinese New Year.

Words for Recognition 1. Cold War [κολδ&ωΑρ] n. 冷戰 指的是二次大戰結束後至 1991 年蘇聯解體前，以英、美兩國為首的西方列強 和以蘇聯為首的共產國家之間的長期對抗。 2. Cuba [κϕυβ1] n. 古巴 Cuban [κϕυβ1ν] adj. 古巴的，古巴人的 古巴位於美洲加勒比海北部，由群島所構成，與美國隔佛羅里達海峽對望， 最短距離僅約 145 公里。首都暨最大城為哈瓦那。古巴共和國是現今少數幾 個仍由共產黨執政的社會主義國家之一。 3. Barack Obama [β1ρΑκ οβΑµ1] n. 巴拉克‧歐巴馬 美國第 44 任總統，也是首位非裔美國總統，於 2008 年初次當選，並於 2012 年成功連任。 4. communist [κΑµϕ5&νΙστ] adj. 共產主義的，共產主義者的 5. Soviet Union [σοϖΙΙτ ϕυνϕ1ν] n. 蘇聯 4

全名為蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯邦，是存在於 1922 至 1991 年的聯邦制社會 主義國家，領土囊括大部分東歐以及幾乎整個中亞和北亞，是當時土地面積 最大的國家。1980 年代末，其領導人戈巴契夫進行改革，使其民主化和自由 化，但卻也導致後來蘇聯的解體。 6. superpower [&συπ2πα52] n. [C] 超級強國 7. nuclear [νϕυκλΙ2] adj. 核子的，原子核的 8. blacklist [βλ8κ&λΙστ] vt. 將…列入黑名單 9. Raul Castro [ρΑυλ κΑστρο] n. 勞爾‧卡斯楚 古巴共和國現任黨和國家最高領導人，曾推行經濟改革，提昇人民生活水平。 10. Havana [η1ϖ8ν1] n. 哈瓦那 古巴首都、主要城市及商業中心，也是古巴和加勒比海國家中最大的城市。 11. Major League Baseball (MLB) [µεδΖ2 &λιΓ βεσ&βΟλ] n. 美國職業棒球大聯盟 簡稱大聯盟，是美國最著名的職業棒球聯賽，於 1903 年由美國聯盟和國家聯 盟共同成立，目前共有 30 支球隊—29 支來自美國各地，1 支來自加拿大。 12. U.S. Congress [ϕυΕσ κΑ9Γρ1σ] n. 美國國會 美國憲法規定之立法機構，由參議院與眾議院所組成，每個議員均由其選區 內的選民選出。國會議員代表整個國家的選民，通過立法來規範政府與人民 的行為。

Translation 歐巴馬訪古巴：冷戰宿敵和解 美國總統巴拉克‧歐巴馬於今年三月正式造訪共產國家古巴，創下歷史新 頁。這是自 1928 年以來，美國總統和古巴領導人首次在古巴領土上面對面會談。 就地理上而言，這兩個國家位置相當接近，僅隔著不到 150 公里寬的開放海 域。但在這次參訪之前，美國和古巴彷彿處於兩個完全不同的世界，至少在政治 上是如此。自從二戰後的冷戰開始，兩國政府間的關係便持續處於緊張狀態。數 十年來，美國與其盟國一直都在跟蘇聯及其它共產國家進行著激烈的軍備競賽。 而隨著這世界兩大強權之間的緊張局勢升溫，恐懼和相互猜疑也成了雙方外交政 策的驅動力。龐大的軍隊再加上包含核武在內的強大武器，雙方都準備好面對隨 時可能爆發的衝突。隨著國際關係在一次次危機中日趨緊張，如果任一方走錯一 步，都有可能面臨核子戰爭的真實危機。 當然，身為蘇聯的同盟國，古巴知道自己被列在與美國為敵的黑名單之中。 為了斷絕對古巴政府的所有支援，美國公司被禁止與這個共產國家有任何的貿易 往來，美國公民也同樣被禁止前往該國觀光。 然而，在最近，似乎象徵著時代的改變，古巴進行了許多改革措施。而歐巴 馬受到古巴總統勞爾‧卡斯楚以及古巴民眾的熱烈歡迎，也顯示了這個國家正在 「逐步開放」的跡象。為了強化這個訊息，歐巴馬總統在哈瓦那發表演說時，聲 5

明「冷戰」已經正式結束，並提到未來合作的願景。他同時也表示，希望古巴能 給予其人民更多的自由。最後，在一場共享國家熱情的合宜慶祝活動中，兩位總 統觀賞了由來自美國的大聯盟隊伍和古巴國家隊所進行的棒球賽事。 重新建立官方聯繫是標示雙方已持續數十年的外交政策有所改變的重大舉 措。即便如此，儘管兩國關係已有改善，美國仍在對古巴施行貿易制裁。然而， 歐巴馬正在呼籲美國國會，廢止這項貨物交流的禁令，因為它讓古巴的經濟陷入 長期癱瘓，國家也持續貧窮。倘若國會真的如其所願，國際間的貿易將能創造經 濟機會，但願也能因此打開讓古巴民眾通往更美好生活的大門。

閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. B

3. C 4. A 5. D

6

May. 26, 2016

Vol. 227

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

Controversy in Kenya For many, the incident began with a short, rather unusual video. In it, a group of Taiwanese prisoners in a jail cell in Nairobi, Kenya, are not trying to escape. Instead, they are trying to keep the door to their cell shut and not let their captors in. Though the video ends at this point, eventually, according to reports, Kenyan police carrying assault rifles used tear gas to get into the cell and get the prisoners out. The Taiwanese prisoners were then put on a plane and sent to China, instead of back to Taiwan.

These fifteen prisoners were actually part of a much larger group that was to be deported from Kenya. Kenyan officials had accused these Taiwanese citizens of operating a telecommunications fraud ring in Kenya. Although they were acquitted of these charges, they were still ordered to leave Kenya.

Instead of sending them back to Taiwan, however, Kenyan officials decided to send them to China instead. A group of eight had already been sent to China, and the second group of thirty-seven was getting ready to leave when fifteen people from this group decided to resist. This was the incident captured in the video that soon went viral on the Internet.

Chinese officials claim that the Taiwanese criminal group cheated people in China out of billions of dollars, and although the individuals in the group were acquitted in Kenya, Chinese official still wanted to investigate this case in China.

One Kenyan official stated that since these individuals had entered Kenya from China, it was standard practice to send travelers back to their “last port of departure,�

(China). Others, however, say that Kenya might have felt pressured to listen to China, since Kenya relies heavily on Chinese economic investment.

At its core, though, the issue goes back to the decades-long divide between China and Taiwan. Although an agreement was reached in the 1992 Consensus and Taiwan has become China’s largest trading partner, tensions and disagreements between the two sides continue to flare up from time to time.

1

In 2011, Taiwanese phone scammers in the Philippines were sent to China, instead of Taiwan, but a deal was eventually made to send them back to Taiwan.

More recently, Malaysian officials released twenty alleged Taiwanese phone scammers, instead of sending them to China, as Chinese officials had requested.

Unfortunately, as long as criminals from Taiwan continue to try to operate in other countries, situations like this will likely arise again when these criminals are eventually caught.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main issue that the article raises?

(A) How people from Asia are doing business in Africa.

(B) New ways that technology is being used by criminals.

(C) The unresolved political situation between Taiwan and China.

(D) Cultural differences between Kenya and Taiwan. (

) 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) Several Taiwanese prisoners were sent from Kenya to China.

(B) Chinese officials still wanted to investigate this criminal case in China.

(C) This was the first time that Taiwanese prisoners had ever been sent to China.

(D) Malaysia officials released twenty alleged Taiwanese phone scammers.

(

) 3. The word “acquitted” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “________.”

(A) found guilty (B) charged with (C) put in prison (D) found not guilty ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) It is easy to get away with phone scamming crimes in parts of Africa these days.

(B) Problems and difficulties are likely to continue to arise between Taiwan and China in the future.

(C) The Internet did not play a vital role in making this case well known around the world.

(D) It is likely that criminals will return to Kenya to run their phone scams and fraud rings. ) 5. What does the author believe about Taiwanese criminals operating in other countries?

(A) These criminals are not anyone’s concern.

(B) Similar problems will occur again when these criminals are caught.

(C) Taiwanese criminals have learned their lesson from this incident.

(D) Thanks to the 1992 Consensus, this situation will never happen again.

(

(

2

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. controversy [κΑντρ1&ϖ3σΙ] n. [U] 爭議；爭論 ．The residents of the village attended the meeting but couldn’t reach a conclusion because there was still controversy surrounding the issue.

2. incident [Ινσ1δ1ντ] n. [C] 事件 ．It was surprising that the government showed no reaction to this major incident.

3. unusual [⊥νϕυΖ51λ] adj. 不尋常的，奇特的 ．The boy decided to do something unusual to impress his girlfriend on her birthday.

4. captor [κ8πτ2] n. [C] 俘虜（他人）者 ．It’s almost impossible for the war prisoners to escape from their captors without any help.

5. eventually [ΙϖΕντΣ5λΙ] adv. 最後，終於 ．After hours of tough fight with perseverance, our troops eventually defeated the enemy.

6. deport [δΙπορτ] vt. 驅逐（出境） ．The criminal was deported from the U.S. soon after being arrested by the police.

7. official [1φΙΣ1λ] n. [C] 官員，公務員 ．To solve the problem of saving energy, all the officials are required to submit a proposal.

8. accuse [1κϕυζ] vt. 控告，指控 ．The farmer accused the naughty boy of picking his apples without permission.

9. acquit [1κωΙτ] vt. 宣告…無罪 ．The man was acquitted of murdering his wife and released right after the trial.

10. viral [ϖαΙρ1λ] adj. 爆紅的；如病毒般迅速蔓延的 ．Surprisingly, the father found the video of his twin daughters dancing went viral overnight on Youtube.

11. individual [&Ινδ1ϖΙδΖ51λ] n. [C] 個人，個體 ．The media was accused of not respecting the individual’s right to privacy enough.

12. state [στετ] vt. 陳述；聲明 ．The spokesman of the police headquarters stated that they would stop the killer before too late.

13. departure [δΙπΑρτΣ2] n. [U] 離開 ．No one knew that Tony was leaving. His departure was rather unexpected.

14. pressure [πρΕΣ2] vt. 對…施加壓力；迫使 ．Parents might get the opposite effect if they pressure their kids too hard into studying.

15. investment [ΙνϖΕστµ1ντ] n. [U] 投資 ．Lily’s father, who failed in investment when he was alive, left her debt instead of 3

wealth.

16. core [κορ] n. [C] 核心，精髓 ．Thomas is so smart that he could always get to the core of matters before others.

17. tensions [τΕνΣ1νζ] n. [C] usu. pl. 緊張局勢，緊張狀況 ．The tensions between North and South Korea arose again when the former claimed to carry out a test of a nuclear bomb.

18. flare up [φλΕρ&⊥π] phr. 達到更激烈的狀態 ．The protest flared up when the police tried to disperse the crowd with force.

19. alleged [1λΕδΖδ] adj. 聲稱的；可疑的 allege [1λΕδΖ] vt. （無充分證據的）斷言，宣稱 ．The new evidence could prove that the alleged suspect was actually not involved in the crime.

20. unfortunately [⊥νφΟρτΣ1νΙτλΙ] adv. 不幸地，遺憾地 ．I did take lots of photos of the beautiful scenery, but unfortunately I lost my camera somewhere.

21. as long as [8ζ λΟ9 8ζ] phr. 只要 ．You may borrow my bike as long as you promise to keep it in good condition.

22. arise [1ραΙζ] vi. 產生，出現，形成（arise—arose—arisen） ．As Joe’s project went on, more and more problems arose due to his careless attitude toward everything.

Words for Recognition 1. Kenya [κΕνϕ1] n. 肯亞 Kenyan [κΕνϕ1ν] adj. 肯亞的 位於非洲東部，前英國殖民地，於 1963 年脫離英國獨立。首都奈洛比，為目 前聯合國人居署（UNHIBITAT）及環境規劃署（UNEP）總部所在地。 2. Nairobi [ναΙροβΙ] n. 奈洛比 肯亞首都，人口約 300 萬。雖位於赤道附近，但地處 1,660 公尺的高原之上， 因此氣候與酷熱非洲的印象大不相同，最大特色為其自然生態保護區—奈洛 比國家公園。 3. assault rifle [1σΟλτ ραΙφΛ] n. [C] 突擊步槍 4. tear gas [τΙρ &Γ8σ] n. [U] 催淚瓦斯 5. telecommunications [&τελΙκ1&µϕυν1κεΣ1νζ] n. pl. 電信 6. fraud ring [φρΟδ &ρΙ9] n. [C] 詐騙集團 ring [ρΙ9] n. [C] （不法）集團，幫派 7. 1992 Consensus n. 九二共識 consensus [κ1νσΕνσ1σ] n. [U] 共識；一致 九二共識指的是 1992 年，臺灣海基會與中國大陸海協會於香港會談後，經口 4

頭協商所形成的不成文默契。2000 年臺灣總統大選結束後，陸委會主委蘇起 首次將九二共識與「一個中國，各自表述」連結，此後漸成為兩岸共識。 8. scammer [σκ8µ2] n. [C] 騙子；詐騙犯 9. Philippines [φΙλ1&πινζ] n. 菲律賓 位處環太平洋地震帶上的熱帶國家，由 7,101 個島嶼所組成，主要分為呂宋 島、維薩亞斯群島及民答那峨島三大島群，其地理環境使其飽受颱風及地震 之侵襲，但也造就了豐富的自然資源與生物多樣性。 10. Malaysian [µ1λεΣ1ν] adj. 馬來西亞的 東南亞國家，由馬來半島上的 11 個州以及位於婆羅洲北部的沙巴、砂拉越所 組成。地近赤道，屬熱帶雨林氣候。首都吉隆坡是馬來西亞最繁榮，也是人 口最密集的地區。

Translation 肯亞案爭議 對許多人而言，這起事件始於一段簡短卻頗不尋常的影片。影片中，被關在 肯亞奈洛比監獄牢房中的一群臺灣囚犯並不是試圖要逃出來，相反地，他們正努 力讓牢房的門保持緊閉，不讓俘虜他們的人進入。雖然影片在此時結束，但根據 新聞報導，最終，配備突擊步槍的肯亞警方還是使用催淚瓦斯攻破了牢房，將一 眾囚犯帶出。這些臺灣囚犯接著便被押上飛機送往中國大陸，而不是遣送回臺灣。 這 15 名囚犯其實隸屬於一個更大的集團，而這些人全遭肯亞驅逐出境。肯 亞官方控告這些臺灣公民在肯亞經營電信詐騙集團，雖然這些控訴在最後都獲判 無罪，但他們還是被勒令離開肯亞。 然而，肯亞官方並未將他們送回臺灣，反而決定將他們送往中國大陸。有 8 名囚犯已經被送往中國，而第二批共 37 名的囚犯也已經準備好要離開，但其中 的 15 人卻在此時決定反抗。這就是影片中拍攝到的情景，而這段影片很快地也 在網路上爆紅。 中國官方宣稱，這些臺灣犯罪集團騙走了大陸人民數十億元。雖然集團成員 在肯亞都獲判無罪，但中國官方仍希望能在中國針對此案進行調查。 一名肯亞官員聲稱，由於這些人都是從中國入境肯亞，依照標準程序，必須 將這些旅客送回他們「最後的出發地」 （中國） 。然而，也有其他人表示，由於極 度倚賴來自中國的經濟投資，肯亞可能也感受到必須對中國言聽計從的壓力。 然而，探究這起事件的核心，可以回溯至兩岸數十年來的意見分歧。雖然雙 方已在九二共識達成協議，且臺灣也已成為中國最大的貿易夥伴，但雙方之間的 緊張和分歧依然存在，且不時爆發。 2011 年，在菲律賓遭到逮捕的臺灣電話詐騙犯先是被送往中國，而非臺灣， 但最後雙方終究還是達成協議，將這些人送回臺灣。而在最近，馬來西亞官方則 釋放了 20 名所謂的臺灣電話詐騙犯，而非依照中國官方所要求的將他們遣送至 中國。 5

不幸的是，只要來自臺灣的罪犯持續嘗試在其它國家運作，當這些罪犯最後 遭到逮捕，類似的狀況就很可能會再次發生。 閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B

5. B

6

Jun. 22, 2016

Vol. 228

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

Heritage sites are at risk from industry according to WWF The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has issued an urgent call to action by announcing a list of World Heritage Sites in danger from human activities. The sites in question have all been listed as especially significant to humankind by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Whether “natural,” “cultural” or “mixed” (combining natural and cultural elements), World Heritage Sites are recognized as deserving special protection to make sure they will exist for the benefit of future generations. Nowadays, WWF has identified 114 sites were at risk.

One of the biggest tourist draws and most important resources in Australia lies mostly under the sea. Situated off the Queensland coast and stretching over 2,300 kilometers, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest mass of living coral in the world.

With nearly 1,000 islands, it’s home to thousands of species of fish, birds, and other organisms. Although a National Park has been established to protect it, the reef is threatened by mining operations. Run-off water from mines is flowing into the sea, affecting water quality and killing off coral. Making matters worse, the amount of ocean-going ship traffic is increasing, too. Engine noise and pollution from ships is driving sea life away from the natural habitat of the reef.

Thousands of kilometers away, another treasure is at risk. Grand Canyon National Park is among the most famous natural wonders in the United States. Much of the park lies in areas that have been hit hard by a long-lasting drought that shows no signs of letting up. Dams have been built to collect scarce water in reservoirs.

Despite the drought, Americans still like their golf courses and lawns green, and their cars washed and shining. The current rate at which the area’s precious water is being used for these non-essential activities is simply not sustainable.

The jewels of South America aren’t safe either. Peru’s famous Machu Picchu is another World Heritage site in peril. The 15th-century mountaintop settlement was built by the Inca civilization, and UNESCO designated the remaining ruins as a cultural site in 1983. But now the logging industry, and especially illegal logging, is casting a long shadow on the site’s future.

How then, to balance progress with preservation? While countries strive for 1

economic growth, it must be remembered that people need more than money to flourish. Hopefully, the WWF’s announcement will serve as a wake-up call, before it’s too late.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

(A) To warn people that not only the environment but also world heritages are in danger.

(B) To review plans for improving water pollution in the Great Barrier Reef.

(C) To introduce those beautiful sites to tourists around the world.

(D) To encourage people to use more natural source. ( ) 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

(A) Noise pollution.

(B) Water shortage.

(C) Rapid population growth.

(D) The function of the WWF. ( ) 3. The word “flourish” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________.”

(A) reverse (B) display (C) decay (D) thrive ( ) 4. From which of the following is the passage likely to be taken?

(A) A travel guide book.

(B) A finance magazine.

(C) A medical journal.

(D) A history textbook. ( ) 5. What is the message that the author is trying to convey?

(A) World Heritage Sites get in the way of economic development.

(B) It is the WWF’s responsibility to protect the natural environment.

(C) Nothing is important than every country’s economic growth.

(D) Economic growth has both its bright side and dark side.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. heritage [ηΕρ1τΙδΖ] n. [C] usu. sing. 遺產 Releasing sky lanterns on Lantern Festival is an important cultural heritage in Pingxi.

2. issue [ΙΣυ] v. 發布；發表 The politician issued a statement denying he had taken bribes.

3. urgent [3δΖ1ντ] adj. 迫切的，緊急的 The hospital damaged by the earthquake is in urgent need of repair.

4. identify [αΙδΕντ1&φαΙ] vt. 指認，確認 The painting, which has been identified as a Leonardo da Vinci original, is of great cultural value.

5. at risk [8τ ρΙσκ] phr. 有危險 People’s lives are at risk because of the rapid spread of the unknown disease.

6. situated [σΙτΣ5&ετΙδ] adj. 位於…的 2

Most convenience stores are situated on the corner so that people from any direction can see them.

7. organism [ΟρΓ1&νΙζ1µ] n. [C] 生物，有機體 Scientists have wondered if there are any living organisms on Mars. So far, they haven’t found any proof yet.

8. establish [1στ8βλΙΣ] vt. 建立，設立 Lydia decided to quit her job and establish a charitable foundation to help the poor.

9. mining [µαΙνΙ9] n. [U] 採礦；礦業 Nowadays, the mining industry is unpopular with young people.

10. operation [&Απ1ρεΣ1ν] n. [C] 工作；活動 Many people believe that the mining operation is to blame for air pollution in this area.

11. habitat [η8βΙ&τ8τ] n. [C] （動植物的）棲息地 The natural habitat of that type of seal is on the coast of the South Pole.

12. drought [δραυτ] n.[C] 乾旱 A large number of people in Mali are facing another famine because of the long, continued drought.

13. reservoir [ρΕζ2&ϖΟρ] n.[C] 蓄水庫；儲水池 With the increase of population, many people think that more reservoirs should be built to store and provide water.

14. sustainable [σ1στεν1β1λ] adj. 能維持的，能保持的 Solar energy is a type of sustainable energy, which can be used continuously without polluting the environment.

15. peril [πΕρ1λ] n. [U] (fml.) 險惡；危險 Global warming has caused sea levels to rise worldwide, putting low-lying countries like Tuvalu in great peril.

16. designate [δΕζΙΓ&νετ] vt. 指定 This area was designated as the site of the new national park.

17. ruins [ρυΙνζ] n. pl. 斷垣殘壁，遺跡 The war has caused severe damage throughout the country. It will take more than twenty years to rebuild the cities from their ruins.

18. preservation [&πρΕζ2ϖεΣ1ν] n. [U] 保存，保藏 There are various food preservation methods, such as salting, sugaring, drying, and so on.

19. strive [στραΙϖ] vi. 奮鬥，努力 (strove－striven－striving) Martin Luther King Jr. spent most of his life striving for freedom and equality for African Americans.

20. flourish [φλ3ΙΣ] vi. 繁茂，興旺 With full sun and rich soil, the plants in the garden are able to flourish.

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Words for Recognition 1. World Wide Fund for Nature [ω3λδ ωαιδ φ⊥νδ φΟρ νετΣ2] 世界自然基金 會於 1961 年成立（當時的名稱為世界野生生物基金會，於 1986 年易名），標 誌唯一隻大熊貓。其目標是制止並扭轉自然環境的加速惡化，並協助創立一個 人與自然和諧共處的未來。 2. World Heritage Site [ω3λδ ηΕρ1τΙδΖ σαιτ] 世界遺產 這是由聯合國支持、聯合國教育科學文化組織負責執行的國際公約建制。其目 的為保存對全世界人類都具有普遍性價值的自然或文化。 3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) [ϕ5ναΙτΙδ νεΣ1νζ &ΕδΖκεΣ1νΛ &σαΙ1ντΙφΙκ 1νδ κ⊥λτΣ1ρ1λ &ΟρΓ1ναΙζεΣ1ν] 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織於 1945 年成立，總部位於法國巴黎。其宗旨為 「利用教育、科學、文化、溝通及信息，以建立和平、消除貧窮、可持續性發 展及跨文化對話而努力。」 4. Queensland [κωινζ&λ8νδ] n. 昆士蘭省 澳洲面積第二大洲。昆士蘭第一大城為首府布里斯本，第二大城為觀光重鎮黃 金海岸。 5. Great Barrier Reef [Γρετ β8ρΙ2 ριφ] 大堡礁 位於澳洲的東北海岸，為世界最大最長的珊瑚礁群。豐富的珊瑚種類與多元的 自然生態每年吸引無數人前往觀光。此處亦曾被 CNN 選為世界自然七大奇觀。 6. Grand Canyon National Park [Γρ8νδ κ8νϕ1ν ν8Σ1νΛ πΑρκ] 大峽谷國家 公園位於美國亞利桑那州的西北部，於 1979 年被列為世界自然遺產。由科羅 拉多河歷時萬年所切鑿出的科羅拉多大峽谷聞名於世。 7. Peru [π1ρυ] n. 秘魯 在南美洲西部，前西班牙殖民地，於 1821 年獨立。為南美洲國家聯盟的成員 國，首都是利馬。 8. Machu Picchu [&µΑΙτΣυπιτΣυ] n. 馬丘比丘 位於秘魯境內，海拔 2000 多公尺高山上，為古印加帝國的遺跡。約於西元 1440 年所建。 9. Inca [Ι9κ1] n. 印加 印加一般指的是 11～16 世紀位於南美洲的古老帝國。遭西班牙人入侵而導致 滅亡。當時除了西班牙人入侵之外，天花、瘟疫、流感等疾病亦加速了印加帝 國的滅亡。

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Translation 世界自然基金會：世界遺產因工業陷入危機 世界自然基金會（WWF）藉由公佈因人類活動而瀕危的世界遺產清單，緊 急呼籲人們採取行動。列入其中的遺產，都是被聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO） 認為對人類意義特別重大的。無論是「自然遺產」、「文化遺產」或「複合遺產」 （同時具備自然與文化遺產條件者），世界遺產都被公認為值得特別保護，以確 保其能續存以造福未來世代。而今世界自然基金會已確認有 114 項遺產瀕臨消失 的危機。 澳大利亞最能吸引觀光客的景點，同時也是最重要的資源之一，大部分都在 海底。位於昆士蘭岸外海並向外延伸 2,300 公里，大堡礁是世界上規模最大的活 珊瑚群。此處有近 1,000 座島嶼，是數千種魚類、鳥類和其它生物的棲地。雖然 已建立國家公園來保護此處，但珊瑚礁仍因採礦作業而遭受威脅。從礦區流出的 廢水流入大海，影響水質並讓珊瑚大量死亡。更糟的是，航行遠洋的船艦數量也 在增加。引擎的噪音和船艦排放的污染物讓海洋生物逐漸遷離這個礁區的自然棲 地。 而在數千公里外，另一項遺產也處境艱難。大峽谷國家公園是美國最著名的 自然奇觀之一，但公園的大部分地區都因長期的乾旱而受重創，而且旱象也完全 不見解除的跡象。目前已有水壩興建，以收集稀少的水資源。但儘管旱情艱困， 美國人還是喜歡有高爾夫球場和翠綠的草坪，車子也要洗到閃閃發亮。以當前該 區珍貴的用水被用在這些非必要活動的比率來看，水資源根本就入不敷出。 在南美的珍寶也同樣不安全。秘魯著名的馬丘比丘是另一項陷入危機的世界 遺產。這個 15 世紀的山頂聚落是由印加文明所建立，而聯合國教科文組織於 1983 年認定其遺跡為文化遺產，但當前的伐木業，尤其是非法盜伐的狀況，已經為這 個遺產的未來蒙上了一層陰影。 那麼，該如何在進步與保育間取得平衡呢？當各國在力求經濟成長時，切 記，人類若想蓬勃發展，需要的絕不只是金錢。但願世界自然基金會這次的公佈， 能在還為時未晚的時候，成為一記敲醒世人的警鐘。 閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B

5. B

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Jul. 5, 2016

Vol. 229

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

The Taipei 101 Run Up Taipei 101 is one of the world's tallest buildings. It also has one of the world's fastest elevators, which tens of thousands of visitors take every year to the observation deck on the building's eighty-fifth floor. However, there is one day each year that most visitors take the stairs, and not the elevator, to reach the top of the building. This day, of course, is the annual "Taipei 101 Run Up," an event that has been held every spring in Taipei for the past twelve years.

Contrary to popular belief, participants in the race do not actually climb to the very top of Taipei 101. Instead, they run up the stairs to the tower's ninety-first floor.

Participants must climb up 2,046 steps in total, to complete the challenge.

The Taipei101 Run Up attracts runners from all over the world. This year's race, which was held on May 1, had participants from more than thirty countries, including Japan, Germany, India, Indonesia, the United States, and, of course, Taiwan. The race features both a male and female division, as well as a special category for a team relay race.

A Colombian runner, Frank Carreño, won the men's division in this year's race with a time of 11:47:24, while an Australian runner, Alice McNamara, won the women's event with a time of 14:23:91. Each received a trophy and a cash prize of NT$38,000, though neither of them were able to manage to break the records set at the first event in 2005.

Among the local Taiwanese competitors, the fastest runners were Chiang Yen-ching (江晏慶) and Shih Ching-hui (施靜慧), with times of 13:06 and 16:30, respectively. These two also received prizes of NT$38,000 each in a special category that was set up for Taiwanese citizens.

A few politicians also took part in the event. Taipei's current mayor, Ko Wen-je (柯文哲), who is also an avid biker, participated in the event for the second year in a row. This time around, the mayor was able to improve his time from 45:45 in 2015 to 38:41 in this year's race. However, Ko expressed some disappointment that he was 1

not able to reach his own goal of climbing to the top in 35 minutes.

So, if you like to run and you like a challenge, consider taking part in the next Taipei 101 Run Up. More information can be found online at www.taipei101-runup.com.tw .

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. According to the passage, who is the fastest male runner in this year's race?

(A) Chiang Yen-ching (B) Alice McNamara.

(C) Frank Carreño (D) Shih Ching-hui (

) 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) Mayor of Taipei City also took part in the Taipei 101 Run Up. (B) The Taipei 101 Run Up has been held every summer for the past twelve years.

(C) All the participants must climb up 2,046 steps to accomplish this race.

(D) There are four participants who won the prize of NT$38,000

(

(

(

) 3. The word “respectively” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to “________.”

(A) appreciatively (B) consequently (C) together (D) separately ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) The Taipei 101 Run Up will be held again next year.

(B) Taipei’s Mayor, Mr. Ko, was satisfied with his record this year.

(C) The Colombian runner will participate the Taipei 101 Run Up again.

(D) The prizes, Chiang Yen-ching and Shih Ching-hui got all together were NT$38,000. ) 5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the Mayor?

(A) The Mayor didn’t finish the race this time.

(B) The Mayor spent more time finishing the race this year.

(C) The Mayor has taken part in the race for twice.

(D)The Mayor hates to ride a bike.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. elevator [`Ελ1&ϖετ2] n. [C] 電梯 ‧The elevator was broken so Gary had to take the stairs to the tenth floor to his office.

2. observation [&Αβζ2ϖεΣ1ν] n. [U] 觀察

2

‧Peter injured his head in a serious car crash. He needs to be kept under observation in the hospital for a few weeks.

3. annual [`8νϕυ1λ] adj. 一年的，一年一次的 ．To the members of Kevin’s family, the annual celebration of the grandfather’s birthday is the most important event of the year.

4. contrary [κΑν&τρΕρΙ] adj. 相反的 ．Contrary to her twin sister, Olivia likes to play car games instead of playing dolls.

5. participant [πΑρτΙσ1π1ντ] n. [C] 參與者，參加者 ．There were lots of participants joining the road running which was held by famous sporting goods manufacturer. phr 總共 6. in total ．It took Dylan five days in total to finish the written assignment which was given by his teacher.

7. challenge [τΣ8λ1νδΖ] n. [C] 挑戰 ．Tina is always willing to take on difficult tasks. She is not afraid of challenges.

8. attract [1τρ8κτ] vt. 吸引，引起興趣 ．This sporting event is going to be endorsed (宣傳) by Kobe Bryan. It is believed that his popularity will attract lots of attention to this event.

9. hold [ηολδ] (hold | held | held) vt. 舉行，舉辦 ．The 2016 Summer Olympics will be held in Brazil.

10. feature [φιτΣ2] vt. 以…為主要特色、重點 ．The magazine features sportswomen in different categories such as tennis and swimming.

11. division [δ1ϖΙΖ1ν] n. [C] 小組 ．The teacher made six divisions of this class so as to conduct chemistry experiments.

12. category [κ8τ1&γορΙ] n. [C] 種類，類別 ．Which category should this movie fit into, mystery or sci-fi?

13. relay [ρΙλε] n. [C] 接替的一組人 relay race 接力賽 A relay race is a track and field event which includes four sprinters.

14. trophy [τροφΙ] n. [C] 獎盃，勝利紀念品 ．David received this silver trophy by defeating many strong opponents.

15. competitor [κ1µπΕτ1τ2] n. [C] 對手，競爭者 ．Dian is a strong competitor in the race. I have to give it my all.

16. respectively [ρΙσπΕκτΙϖλΙ] adv.分別，依次地 ．Tracy and Wendy came first and second respectively in this hundred-meter dash.

17. avid [8ϖΙδ] adj. 熱衷的，渴望的 ．Ian is an avid fan of Kyrie Irving. He never misses watching Kyrie’s games.

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18. biker [βαΙκ2] n. [C] 自行車手 ．Miguel Indurain Larraya is a professional biker who had won the Tour de France five consecutive times.

19. express [ΙκσπρΕσ] vt.表達，顯露 ．Jenny expressed herself fiercely because she was innocent of all the charges against her.

20. disappointment [&δΙσ1πΟΙντµ1ντ] n. [U] 失望 It was disappointment that just few people came to the class reunion.

Words for Recognition 1. Taipei 101 Run Up n. 臺北 101 國際登高賽 以 91 層樓、共 2046 階、垂直高度 390 公尺規模，創下全世界難度最 高、挑戰最鉅的紀錄。同時獲得美國 Towerrunning World Cup 及歐洲 Vertical World Circuit 列為國際登高巡迴指標賽事之一。 2. deck [δΕκ] n. 露天平台，甲板 3. Japan [δΖ1π8ν] n. 日本 位於東亞的島嶼國家，由日本列島、琉球群島和伊豆－小笠原群島等 6,852 個島嶼組成。 4. Germany [δΖ2µ1νΙ] n. 德國 由 16 個邦組成，首都與最大城市為柏林。是歐洲聯盟中人口最多的國家， 德國亦是歐洲大陸主要的經濟與政治實體之一。 5. India[ΙνδΙ1] n. 印度 是南亞印度次大陸上的一個國家，印度的土地面積排名全球第七大，人口數 量則是名列全球第二多，截至 2015 年印度擁有人口 12.7 億。 6. Indonesia [&ΙνδονιΖ1] n. 印尼 為東南亞國家之一；約由 17,508 個島嶼組成，是全世界最大的群島國家， 疆域橫跨亞洲及大洋洲，別稱「千島之國」。 7. the United States [∆ι& ϕυναΙτΙδ& στετσ] n. 美國 美國目前有 50 個州，人口約為 3.2 億人，其數量為世界第三。是個多元文化 和多元民族的國家，以白人為主，但有大量來自世界各地的移民。 8. Colombian [κ1λ⊥µβΙ1ν] adj. 哥倫比亞的 Colombia [κ1λ⊥µβΙ1] n.哥倫比亞 南美洲西北部的一個國家，為南美洲國家聯盟的成員國。 9. Australian [Οστρελϕ1ν] adj. 澳洲的，澳大利亞的 Australia [Οστρελϕ1] n. 澳洲，澳大利亞 全球面積第六大的國家，大洋洲最大的國家和南半球第二大的國家。澳洲國土 包括澳洲大陸，塔斯曼尼亞島及數個海外的島嶼。 10. politician [&πΑλ1τΙΣ1ν] n. 政治家，政客 4

Translation 臺北 101 國際登高賽 臺北 101 是世界上最高的建築之一。它也擁有世界上最快的電梯之一，每年 約有數萬名遊客搭乘至 85 樓的觀景台。但是，每年的某一天，大部分的遊客選 擇爬樓梯至頂樓，而不是搭電梯。這一天，當然是一年一度的臺北 101 國際登高 賽，此賽事每年春天在臺北舉辦，迄今已舉辦十二年。 和一般大眾所想的相反，事實上，這場賽事並非讓參賽者爬至 101 大樓的最 頂端，而是他們要爬樓梯至大樓的 91 樓層。參賽者必需總共爬 2046 個階梯來達 成這項挑戰。 臺北 101 國際登高賽吸引來自世界各國的好手，今年的賽事舉辦在五月一 日，超過 30 多個國家的選手參賽，包括日本、德國、印度、印尼、美國，當然 還有臺灣。此賽事主要分為男子組和女子組，也有特別的組別：接力組。 而來自哥倫比亞的選手 Frank Carreño，以 11 分 47 秒 24 的佳績，贏得了今 年的男子組冠軍。而來自澳洲的選手 Alice McNamara 則以 14 分 23 秒 91 贏得了 女子組的冠軍。他們個別榮獲獎杯一座和獎金新台幣三萬八千元，但是他們都未 能打破 2005 年第一屆登高賽所創下的紀錄。 然而當地的臺灣選手，最快的跑者為江晏慶和施靜慧，他們個別成績為 13 分 06 秒及 16 分 30 秒。由於主辦單位為臺灣公民設立特別組，這兩位選手都可 以獲得獎金三萬八千元。 一些政治人物也參與了這項活動。愛好騎腳踏車的現任臺北市市長柯文哲連 續兩年參加了這項盛事。這次市長所花的時間從 2015 年的 45 分 45 秒提升至 38 分 41 秒。但是柯市長表示些許失望，他無法達成原本設定的目標，35 分之內到 達終點。 所以，如果你喜歡跑步也喜歡挑戰的話，歡迎參加明年的臺北 101 國際登高 賽，想要得到更多的資訊，請洽 www.taipei101-runup.com.tw. 閱讀測驗解答：1. C 2. B

3. D 4. A 5. C

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July 22, 2016

Vol. 230

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

Britain Votes to Leave the European Union It was a tight race, and was impossible to predict whether the Leave side or the Remain side would prevail, but the long-awaited results are now in. The citizens of Britain have chosen to leave the European Union (EU). A narrow majority, 52 percent of the voters, voted in favor of the so-called “Brexit” (a combination of Britain and exit).

This critical decision brings with it many worries about what the future holds, not only for Britain, but for the rest of the member countries.

European integration is an idea that emerged after World War II. The hope was that a united Europe would be a more stable one, and future conflicts could be avoided through mutual co-operation between countries. Thus, EU member countries can trade goods and services freely with each other and companies can conduct operations across borders with little difficulty. Citizens of EU countries enjoy the right to live and take employment in other ones. There are, in addition, political links between EU member states.

After Britain leaves, there will be twenty-seven countries left in the EU. All the existing pacts about trade, immigration, and other matters between Britain and these nations will have to be negotiated all over again. The process will be a prolonged and complicated one, and working out the countless details is expected to take several years.

In the short term, there are worries about what Brexit will do to Britain’s economy.

British currency, the pound, is already at its lowest level in decades. It could go even lower. The concerns go further still, since economies around the world are all closely linked. When a country as strong and important as Britain leaves the EU, it raises a lot of doubts and makes Europe less stable. Other countries may be reluctant to make investments in that country, and decide to play it safe instead.

After the referendum, all eyes will be on Britain to see how the country fares after striking out on its own. If there are perceivable economic, political, and social benefits, other countries are likely to follow Britain’s lead. On the other hand, if Britain struggles “going it alone”, the experience should give other nations reasons to reconsider following the UK out. Only time will tell what the future of Europe will resemble.

1

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. According to the passage, the percentage of British voters who want to leave the EU is ________.

(A) 48% (

(B) 52%

(C) 27%

) 2. According to the passage, citizens of the EU member states have the right to ________ in other EU member states.

(A) negotiate trade agreements (C) invest

(

(D) 28%

(B) vote (D) live and work

) 3. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) The EU comes from an idea that was born after World War II. (B) A large majority of British citizens votes for Brexit.

(C) The pound had been at its highest level before Britain left the EU.

(

(D) Some member countries voted for leaving the EU after Brexit. ) 4. It could be inferred from the passage that the economy in Britain can be expected to be ________ in the short term.

(A) very attractive to investors (B) more stable (C) less stable (D) a total disaster

(

) 5. Which of the following is NOT true about the EU? (A) There are political links between member countries.

(B) There are economic links between member countries.

(C) Member countries have a common army to fight off enemies.

(D) There are now twenty seven countries in the EU.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. predict [πρΙδΙκτ] vt. 預測，預言 In spite of high technology, it is still hard to predict when an earthquake will occur.

2. prevail [πρΙϖελ] vi. 獲勝 The basketball team prevailed over last year’s champion in the finals of this season.

3. await [1ωετ] vt. 等待，等候 A lot of fans in the airport eagerly awaited the arrival of the superstar.

4. favor [φεϖ2] n. [C] 支持，贊成 in favor of . . . 支持，贊同 A great majority of the employees were in favor of the company’s new policy.

5. combination [&κΑµβ1νεΣ1ν] n. [C] 結合，組合 The doctor warned the patient not to take medicine in combination with any drinks except water.

6. critical [κρΙτΙκΛ] adj. 重大的；決定性的 Reducing pollution and protecting the environment is of critical importance.

7. emerge [Ιµ37] vi. 出現 As the police looks into the case, more and more evidence emerged.

2

8. stable [στεβΛ] adj. 穩定的，穩固的 The government lowered the customs duties on food imports in order to make the prices stable.

9. conduct [κ1νδ⊥κτ] vt. 經營；執行，實施 The company conducted a survey of consumer’s attitude towards cosmetics.

10. pact [π8κτ] n. [C] 協定；約定 After the 10-year war, the two countries finally ceased fire and signed a peace pact.

11. immigration [&Ιµ1ΓρεΣΝ] n. [U] (自他國) 移入，移居 Illegal immigration problem has caused a lot of conflicts and problems in Europe.

12. negotiate [νΙγοΣΙ&ετ] vt. 商議，協商 Kevin wants to negotiate his promotion with the boss, for he has worked for the company for over ten years.

13. prolonged [πρ1λΟ9δ] adj. 長期的，拖很久的 Mandy looks weak because she has suffered from a prolonged illness.

14. complicated [κΑµπλ1&κετΙδ] adj. 複雜的 Lisa is so intelligent that she can easily solve complicated math questions.

15. countless [καυντλ1σ] adj. 無數的 Daisy always keeps the ticket after watching a movie. She has owned countless tickets in her tin boxes.

16. currency [κ31νσΙ] n. [U][C] 通貨，貨幣 Tina went to the bank to exchange foreign currency before she went to Europe.

17. reluctant [ρΙλ⊥κτ1ντ] adj. 不情願的，無可奈何的 Ken’s mom asked him to take care of his little brother though he was reluctant to do so.

18. resemble [ρΙζΕµβΛ] vt. 與…相似 Tammy doesn’t resemble her sister in appearance. No wonder few people believe they are sisters.

Words for Recognition 1. Britain [βρΙτΝ] n. 大不列顛；英國 (= Great Britain) 不列顛(Britain)或聯合王國(United Kingdom; UK)為大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王 國(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)的簡稱，中文通稱英國。 由英格蘭(England)、北愛爾蘭(Northern Ireland)、蘇格蘭(Scotland)、威爾斯(Wales) 四個構成國組成。首都為倫敦。 2. European Union [&ϕυρ1πι1ν ϕυνϕ1ν] n. 歐洲聯盟 簡稱歐盟，於 1993 年「馬斯垂克條約」生效後正式成立，目前有 27 個成員國。 官方貨幣是歐元。 3. Brexit 英國脫歐 4. integration [&ιντ1γρεΣ1ν] n. [U] 整合 5. pound [παΥνδ] n. [C] 英鎊 英國使用的貨幣名稱。符號是£。 3

6. referendum [&ρΕφ1ρΕνδ1µ] n. [C] 公民投票 7. strike out on one’s own 獨立，開始自謀生路 8. perceivable [π2σιϖ1βΛ] adj. 感覺得到的；可理解的，可注意到的 Translation 英國公投脫離歐盟 這是一場勢均力敵的拉鋸戰，很難預測到底脫歐派或是留歐派會勝出。經過漫 長的等待，結果已經揭曉：英國選擇離開歐盟。達百分之五十二的些微多數的投票 人贊成所謂「英國脫歐」(“Brexit”即「英國(Britain)」與「退出(exit)」結合的字)。 這個重大的決定讓各界對英國以及歐盟其他國家的未來感到擔憂。 歐洲整合的想法在第二次世界大戰後出現。他們的願景是團結歐洲各國讓歐洲 更穩定，並透過國家間的合作來避免未來的衝突。因此，歐盟成員國彼此可以自由 交易商品及服務，公司也能輕易地跨國營運。歐盟成員國的公民享有到其他成員國 居住和工作的權利。此外，成員國之間也有著政治的連結。 英國退出後，歐盟內就剩下二十七個國家。英國與這些國家間，所有關於貿易、 居住以及其他相關的條款都要重新再協商，這會是個長期且複雜的流程，加上還有 數不清的細節得花上好幾年解決。 短期內很多人擔心英國脫歐後對國內經濟的影響。英國的貨幣，也就是英鎊， 已達近幾十年來最低點，甚至還可能更低。他們的擔心還不僅只於此，因為世界各 國的經濟都緊密連結著。當一個像英國一樣強大且重要的國家離開歐盟都，會引來 許多質疑，並讓歐洲的情勢更加不穩定。其他國可能會不願意在那國投資，只採取 保守的態度觀望。 公投過後，所有的目光都將聚焦在英國獨立後該如何發展。假如他們在經濟、 政治和社會上有明顯的利益，其他國家有可能會步入英國後塵。另一方面，如果英 國在脫歐後陷入掙扎，他們的經驗也許能讓其他國家去重新思考仿效英國離開歐盟 的念頭。時間將會證明歐洲未來的模樣。 閱讀測驗解答：1. B

2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C

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Aug. 5, 2016

Vol. 231

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

The Death of a Legend Some have called him the greatest boxer in the history of the sport. He himself claimed that he was “the Greatest of All Time.” And when the death of Muhammad Ali was reported on June 3, even more glowing tributes poured in from around the world in praise of this great sportsman.

Ali was actually born as Cassius Clay in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1942. Legend has that he began boxing at the age of twelve. The young Clay quickly became an excellent boxer, and he ended up winning a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Italy. Proud of his accomplishment, Clay wore his gold medal back home in Louisville. However, at that time, Louisville was still a city that was divided by segregation. Even with the medal, Clay was refused service in a whites-only restaurant. Disappointed and upset, the young champion threw his gold medal into a nearby river.

Clay was determined to become a professional boxing champion, though, and in 1964, he challenged the reigning champ, Sonny Liston, for the title. Liston was a heavy favorite, but Clay upset the champ to win the heavyweight title. It was a victory that, in Clay’s words, “shook up the world.” However, Clay would soon shake up the world even more. After the victory, Clay converted to Islam and changed his name. As he announced: “Cassius Clay is a slave name. I didn’t choose it and I don’t want it. I am Muhammad Ali, a free name—it means beloved of God, and I insist people use it when people speak to me.”

Then, in 1966, Ali refused to serve in the US military in the Vietnam War. As he once said: “Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go 10,000 miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam, while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human rights?” In 1967, after being found guilty of avoiding the draft, he was stripped of all his boxing titles and was barred from boxing professionally. Finally, in 1971, the US Supreme Court overturned the conviction, and Ali was cleared to box once again.

1

After winning several classic fights in the 1970s, Ali retired in 1981 and began to do charity work around the world. Unfortunately, Ali was later diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, and this disease took a heavy toll on the former champion, affecting his speech and movement. However, in a touching moment in 1996, Ali was able to light the opening torch of the Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia.

Knocked down by the disease, Muhammad Ali died in 2016. At his funeral, he was remembered not only for being perhaps the greatest sportsman of the past century, but also for being one of the most important political and cultural figures of recent times.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main idea of this article?

(A) The causes of the death of Muhammad Ali. (B) The early childhood and career of Muhammad Ali.

(

(

(

(

(C) The problems caused by Muhammad Ali. (D) The life and accomplishments of Muhammad Ali. ) 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) Clay was forced to change his name to Muhammad Ali. (B) Ali was not allowed to box for more than three years.

(C) Ali retired from boxing in 1981.

(D) Ali suffered from Parkinson’s disease later in life. ) 3. The phrase “took a heavy toll” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to “________.”

(A) being very expensive (B) improving one’s condition (C) having a bad effect (D) making things easier ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Ali was only famous in America in the 1970s.

(B) Ali was one of the most important figures of the last century.

(C) People did not really care about anything that Ali did.

(D) Few people remembered Ali’s accomplishments when Ali died. ) 5. What does the author believe about Muhammad Ali? (A) He was nothing more than a good boxer who won several titles.

(B) He did little to change the politics or culture of the time.

(C) He was afraid to stand up for what he believed in.

(D) He was a great sportsman and an political and cultural figure.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. boxer [βΑκσ2] n. [C] 拳擊手 2

boxing [βΑκσΙ9] n. [U] 拳擊 ．Boxers run higher risk of brain damage because of violent physical contacts. ．Mandy wants to practice boxing to protect herself.

2. tribute [τρΙβϕυτ] n. [C] 稱頌，頌詞 ．There were a lot of tributes poured in when Martin Luther King died.

3. sportsman [σπορτσµ1ν] n. [C] 運動員 ．As a sportsman, Jim undergoes intensive training and has balanced diet every day.

4. accomplishment [1κΑµπλΙΣµ1ντ] n. [C] 成就，成績 ．Entering a new overseas market successfully was one of the company’s most significant accomplishments last year.

5. champion [48µπΙ1ν] n. [C] 冠軍(= champ) ．Chu Mu-yen was the Taekwondo champion in Summer Olympics in 2004.

6. professional [πρ1φΕΣ1νΛ] adj. 專業的，職業的 ．Experienced doctors can give professional medical assistance to those with health problems.

7. favorite [φεϖ1ρΙτ] n. [C] 最有希望的獲勝者 ．Milos Raonic was the favorite to win the champion at Wimbledon but he lost.

8. convert [κ1νϖ3τ] vt. 使改變宗教信仰，使皈依 ．Having lived in Taiwan for many years, Muhammad didn’t convert to a different religion, but still follows Islam.

9. slave [σλεϖ] n. [C] 奴隸 ．In the US, the black people were slaves that were owned by the white.

10. Negro [νιΓρο] n. [C] 黑人 ．It is rude to call black people Negro.

11. draft [δρ8φτ] n. (sing.) 兵役制 ．Carter avoided the draft because he is too thin.

12. strip [στρΙπ] vt. 除去 ．Please help me to strip apple peel.

13. bar [βΑρ] vt. 禁止，阻擋 ．Because of his criminal record, Paul is barred from entering the big company.

14. supreme [σ1πριµ] adj. 最高的，至高的 ．The president of a nation is the supreme commander of the army.

15. overturn [&οϖ2τ3ν] vt. 推翻 ．It is said that geologists have overturned the standing theory about Stonehenge.

16. conviction [κ1νϖΙκΣ1ν] n. [C] 定罪 ．The conviction of the beloved politician sparked outrage across the whole country.

17. clear [κλΙρ] vt. 許可，批准 3

．In spite of the objection of local people, the government still cleared to build landfill sites there.

18. retire [ρΙταΙρ] vi. 退休 ．Linda lives in the mountain after she retired.

19. diagnose [δαΙ1Γ&νοζ] vt. 診斷 (疾病、病症等) ．Last year, John was diagnosed with cancer but fortunately, he was found early.

20. funeral [φϕυν1ρ1λ] n. [C] 喪禮 ．When this important actress past away, many people who had worked with her attended the funeral.

Words for Recognition 1. Louisville [λ5Ι&ϖΙλ] n. 路易維爾 為肯塔基州最大的城市，位於該州中北部。知名快餐連鎖企業肯德基在此發跡。 2. Kentucky [κ1ντ⊥κΙ] n. 肯塔基州 肯塔基州位於美國中東部，以純種馬及波本威士忌酒聞名。 3 .segregation [&σΕΓρΙΓεΣ1ν] n. [U] (不同種族、宗教、性別等的) 分開，隔離 4. reigning [ρενΙ9] adj. 本屆的 5. heavyweight [ηΕϖΙ&ωετ] adj. (拳擊) 重量級的 6. Islam [Ισλ1µ] n. 伊斯蘭教 舊稱回教，信奉真主阿拉，教徒被稱為穆斯林，《古蘭經》是為該教聖書，內 容指導一切道德規範、行為思想。 7. Parkinson’s disease [πΑρκΙνσ1νζ&δΙζιζ ] n. 帕金森氏症 是一種中樞神經退化性失調的慢性疾病。患者的言語、行動與其他功能會因而 受到影響而變得遲緩，甚至完全喪失。目前病因仍不明。 8. torch [τΟρτΣ] n. [C] 火把，火炬 9. Atlanta [8τλ8ντ1] n. 亞特蘭大 美國喬治亞州首府，1996 年夏季奧林匹克運動會於此舉辦。該城是南部鐵路 交通樞紐。1960 年代，因其先進開明的風氣成為民權運動的重鎮。 10. Georgia [δΖΟρδΖϕ1] n. 喬治亞州 位於美國東南方，是最早英國殖民地的一部分。有桃子州或南方帝國之名 Translation 傳奇之死 有些人稱他為運動史上最偉大的拳擊手。但他自詡「前所未有的偉大」。當 六月三日報導穆罕默德•阿里的死亡後，更多來自世界各地的稱頌蜂擁而至來讚 美這位偉大的運動員。 阿里原名為卡修斯•克萊。1942 年出生於肯塔基州的路易維爾。據說他在 12 歲時就開始了拳擊生涯。克萊年輕時很快的就成為一名優秀的拳擊手，並於 1960 年在義大利羅馬舉辦的奧運拿下拳擊賽的金牌。阿里以他的成就為榮，帶 著他的金牌回到家鄉，路易維爾。但是，那時的路易維爾仍然是個執行種族分離 4

政策的城市。即使有奧運金牌，白人餐廳仍拒絕接待克萊。帶著失望和難過的心 情，這位年輕的冠軍將他的金牌丟到附近的河裡。 不過克萊下定決心成為一名職業拳擊冠軍，並在 1964 年，挑戰當屆冠軍， 桑尼•李斯頓的頭銜。當時各界看好李斯頓，但是克萊擊倒李斯頓並拿下重量級 的頭銜。克萊以「震撼全世界」來頌揚這次的勝利。但是克萊持續震驚全世界。 在這場勝利之後，克萊改信伊斯蘭教並且換了一個新的名字。他宣稱「卡修斯• 克萊，是個奴隸的名字，並不是我選擇它，我也不要它。我是穆罕默德•阿里， 一個自由之名―其意義為阿拉最愛的人，且我堅持人們跟我說話時，叫我穆罕默 德•阿里。」 之後在 1966 年，阿里拒絕美軍徵招參與越戰。他當時曾說過「為什麼他們 要求我穿上制服，前往離家 10000 哩遠的地方，轟炸且對棕色皮膚的越南人開 槍，同時，所謂在路易維爾那些所謂的黑鬼被當成狗，並且沒有基本人權？」1967 年，因拒絕服役而被判決有罪的阿里被剝奪所有的拳擊頭銜，並且禁止參與職業 拳賽。最後在 1971 年，美國最高法院推翻了這項判決，阿里獲准重回拳擊場上。 在 70 年代贏得幾場經典戰後，阿里於 1981 年退休並在全球展開了他的慈善 事業。不幸地，阿里後來被診斷出帕金森氏症，這個疾病對前冠軍的語言及行動 能力造成重大影響。然而，1996 年，在喬治亞州，亞特蘭大舉行的奧運上，阿 里完成點燃開幕聖火，成了令人感動的時刻。 被疾病擊倒後，穆罕默德•阿里於 2016 年過世。在他的喪禮上，眾人 緬懷他不僅因他是上個世紀最偉大的運動員，也是一位重要的政治家和當代人 物。 閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B

5. D

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Aug. 25, 2016

Vol. 232

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

Problems in the Run-up to the 2016 Rio Olympics The 2016 Summer Olympics are set to commence in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city renowned for fun and sun. Yet even as global excitement reaches a peak, the 2016 festivities have been overshadowed by a multitude of problems in the run-up to competition.

One major concern is pollution. Rio’s water is notoriously dirty and contaminated with human waste, industrial runoff, and floating garbage. Not only does the water have a foul odor; but it’s also full of micro-bacteria harmful to human health. Whenever athletes in water sports like sailing, rowing, and swimming come in contact with the water, they run the risk of getting sick. Getting water splashed on one’s skin can lead to rashes, itching, and infections. Ingesting water by swallowing it would be even worse, as the toxic microorganisms it contains could enter the body, causing stomach discomfort, diarrhea, and other diseases. Athletes have been advised to keep their mouths shut to avoid contracting water-borne diseases.

Security is another worry. A large percentage of Brazil’s population lives in poverty and there is a serious crime problem. Having grown desperate, some of the urban poor use illegal drugs and turn to crime to survive. Property crime, like break-and-enter and theft, remains a fact of life for Brazilians. Residents, Olympic athletes, and international tourists face a risk of becoming victims of violence. Making matters worse, local police claim they haven’t been paid their salaries for months and lack the manpower and firepower to guarantee safety during the games. Indeed, reports of armed robberies, assaults, and kidnappings have already emerged.

The third hiccup involves the facilities themselves. Conditions in the athletes’ village, the accommodations built to house the participants, have been described by some international teams as sub-standard. In fact, the Australian team flatly refused to move into their assigned quarters until their concerns about health and safety were addressed. Australian athletes and coaches pointed to shortcomings like exposed 1

electrical wires and non-functioning plumbing.

With the opening ceremonies approaching, these problems will have to be overcome if the competition is to be a success.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT one of the major problems in the lead-up to the 2016 Rio Olympics?

(A) security (B) drug use by athletes (C) water pollution (D) sub-standard facilities ( ) 2. According to the passage, to avoid becoming ill, athletes participating in water sports should do what?

(A) avoid the Olympic village altogether (B) ask the local police for help (C) avoid competing in urban areas where there is poverty (D) keep their mouths closed (

) 3. Which of the following is NOT a water sport that is mentioned in the passage?

(A) swimming (B) plumbing (C) rowing (D) sailing

(

) 4. It could be inferred from the passage that ______.

(A) the Australian team was not satisfied with the athletes’ village (B) drug users can escape urban poverty by participating in the Olympics (C) police in Brazil have an easy job

(

(D) the risks to athletes and international tourists have been greatly exaggerated ) 5. Which of the following is true?

(A) Australian team members have been victims of violent crime in Rio. (B) Australian team members have committed violent crimes in Rio. (C) Australian team members have expressed concerns about conditions in their living quarters in the athletes’ village.

(D) Australian team members have intentionally damaged their living quarters in the athletes’ village.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. commence [κ1µΕνσ] vi. 開始 Before the baseball game commenced, there had been a lot of people lining up outside the stadium.

2. renowned [ρΙνα5ν] adj. 有名望的 The restaurant is renowned for its special decoration and delicious food.

3. festivity [φΕστΙϖ1τΙ] n. [C] (pl. –ties) 狂歡，慶祝活動 There was a series of festivities in celebration of the foundation of the country.

2

4. overshadow [&οϖ2Σ8δο] vt. 使掃興；使蒙上陰影 The peaceful village was overshadowed by the serious earthquake, which made all the houses collapse.

5. multitude [µ⊥λτ1&τϕυδ] n. [C] 多數，眾多 Sherry thought out a multitude of solutions though the problem was difficult.

6. notoriously [νοτορΙ1σλΙ] adv. 聲名狼藉地 The forest is notoriously dangerous, so few people have the courage to go inside.

7. contaminate [κ1ντ8µ1&νετ] vt. 污染 Many fish died because the river was contaminated with a lot of garbage.

8. foul [φα5λ] adj. 難聞的，糟糕的 Tim is so dirty that there is always a foul smell on his clothes.

9. odor [οδ2] n. [C] 氣味 Philip hasn’t cleaned his refrigerator for a long time, so there is a strange odor when he opens it.

10. rash [ρ8Σ] n. [C] 紅疹，痱子 Being allergic to the medicine, Alice had rashes on her face that made her feel itchy.

11. infection [ΙνφΕκΣ1ν] n. [C] 感染，傳染病 Hannah got an ear infection because she didn’t clean her ears out after swimming.

12. toxic [τΑκσΙκ] adj. 有毒的 The guide told us not to eat or touch the toxic plant, which may cause death.

13. diarrhea [&δαΙ1ρι1] n. [U] 腹瀉 Peter had diarrhea because he drank the overdue milk in the morning.

14. contract [κ1ντρ8κτ] vt. 感染 Sam contracted the flu so he couldn’t go to work and had to stay at home for a week.

15. desperate [δΕσπρ1τ] adj. 絕望的 Kelly felt helpless and desperate after she lost not only her job but also her family.

16. assault [1σΟλτ] n. [C] 猛烈的攻擊，突擊 Strongly disapproving of this policy, the writer made a serious assault on the huge cuts the government had made in military budget.

17. accommodations [1&κΑµ1δεΣ1νζ] n. [C] (usu. pl.) 住宿設施 Ben is finding accommodations because he will go on a trip to Japan next month.

18. participant [π2τΙσ1π1ντ] n. [C] 參加者 The participants of this world-famous music festival are from different countries around the world.

19. plumbing [πλ⊥µΙ9] n. [U] (建築物內的)配管(系統) The plumbing of this house is so old that the tap water becomes yellow.

Words for Recognition 1. 2016 Rio Olympics [ρΙο ολΙµπΙκσ] 里約奧運 全名「第三十一屆夏季奧林匹克運動會」或「2016 年里約熱內盧奧運會」。（英 文全名為 the Games of the XXXI Olympiad 或 the 2016 Summer Olympics）於 2016 3

年 8 月 5 日開幕，8 月 21 日閉幕。 2. Rio de Janeiro [&ρΙο δε Ζ1νΕρο] 里約熱內盧 位於巴西東南部，是巴西第二大城市，僅次於聖保羅。 3. Brazil [βρ1ζΙλ] 巴西 全名巴西聯邦共和國，是南美洲最大的國家，首都位於巴西利亞，官方語言為葡 萄牙語。 4. runoff [ρ⊥νΟφ] n. [U] 地表流水 5. ingest [Ιν7Εστ] vt. 攝取 6.

7.

8.

9.

microorganism [&µαΙκροΟρΓ1&νΙζ1µ] n. [C] 微生物 -borne [βΟρν] 被…帶運 hiccup [ηικ⊥π] n. [C] 小問題 flatly [φλ8τλΙ] adv. 斷然地

Translation 奧運開幕在即，里約問題叢生 2016 年夏季奧運即將在以熱情及陽光聞名的巴西里約熱內盧開幕。雖然全球情 緒沸騰，這個夏季盛會前夕卻被許多問題蒙上一層陰影。 首先是污染問題。里約的水質是出了名的髒，因其深受人為垃圾、工業廢料和 漂浮垃圾污染。這裡的水不但散發惡臭，還充滿會危害人體健康的細菌。參加如帆 船、划船、游泳這些會接觸到水的運動員，都需冒著生病的危險。水濺到皮膚上可 能會引起紅疹、發癢和感染；而將水喝下肚則會更嚴重，水中有毒的微生物會因此 進到體內，引發胃痛、腹瀉等疾病。有專家建議運動員比賽時不要張開嘴巴，以免 得到水媒疾病。 另一個令人擔憂的是安全問題。巴西有很多貧窮人口，還有嚴重的犯罪問題。 有些住在城市的窮人因為覺得人生無望，而使用非法藥物並以此維生。財產犯罪像 是破門竊盜和扒手仍是不可避免的現況，巴西居民、奧運選手與來自世界各地的旅 客都面臨著暴力的威脅。更糟的是，當地警察聲稱已經好幾個月沒有薪水，且比賽 期間缺乏人力和火力去保障人身安全。的確，巴西已經出現武裝搶劫、襲擊和綁架 等的報導。 第三個問題則是基礎設施。參賽者們住的選手村被一些國家認為是不合格的。 澳洲國家隊在他們的健康及安全問題解決前，都堅持拒絕入住選手村。澳洲選手及 教練指出幾個缺點，像是電線外漏，還有配管故障等問題。 開幕典禮在即，如果這次奧運要成功，必須先克服種種問題。 閱讀測驗解答：1. B

2. D 3. B

4. A 5. C

4

Sep. 5, 2016

Vol. 233

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

Tensions Rise in the South China Sea For many people around the world, including even some in Asia, the South China Sea does not seem all that important. After all, there doesn’t seem to be much in this area, except for miles of empty ocean and a few islands scattered here and there.

However, some experts claim that this part of the world is actually a dangerous, potential flashpoint that could lead to big trouble, and perhaps even war, in the region.

The conflict over this territory in the South China Sea actually goes back for centuries. For years, different countries have claimed sovereignty over different parts of the ocean and the islands there. Altogether, six countries, including Taiwan, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei, have laid claim to all or part of this disputed area of the South China Sea. Over the last fifty years, there have been several minor conflicts between different countries over this territory. However, tensions now seem to be even further on the rise.

Recently, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague ruled that China does not have any historical claim to the South China Sea. In addition, China’s recent actions, which include building military bases on the islands in the South China, have violated the sovereign rights of the Philippines, according to the court.

China dismissed the ruling and actually boycotted the hearing. It defiantly stated that it would continue to build new airports on the Spratly Islands (Nansha Islands, 南 沙群島). A representative from China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that China has a 2,000-year-old history in the South China Sea and a map from 1948 is proof of the country’s claim to the area.

For the new Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen, the controversy over the South China Sea is seen as the first real test of her ability as well as her foreign policy.

Recently, her administration came to an internal resolution that reaffirmed Taiwan’s claims to sovereignty over to the islands here, including Itu Aba Island (Taiping Island, 太平島). Tsai’s government was seen as trying to differentiate itself from China’s claims to the area.

For its part, the United States of America still regards the South China Sea as 1

international waters, and it has deliberately sent its naval ships through this area to demonstrate this.

Experts say that the South China Sea is important because it may contain oil or other valuable natural resources. Therefore, control over the shipping lanes here is also very valuable. It can only be hoped that the conflict over this area will soon be resolved peacefully by all of the countries involved.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main topic of this article?

(A) Pollution and other environmental problems in the South China Sea. (B) The short, peaceful history of the South China Sea. (C) Resolving conflicts through the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague.

(D) The growing problems and tension in the South China Sea. (

) 2. The word “sovereignty” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_______.”

(A) wealth (B) law (C) power (D) military

(

) 3. According to the passage, which of the following countries is NOT involved in the conflict?

(A) Brunei.

(B) The Philippines.

(C) Malaysia.

(D) Japan. ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) The conflict in the South China Sea began just recently.

(B) Not much of importance is happening in the South China Sea at the moment.

(C) The conflict in the South China Sea is complicated; it has a long history.

(D) This is a conflict between the United States and China only. ) 5. What does the author hope will happen in the South China Sea? (A) The United States will take control of this area.

(B) The six countries involved will rule over it together.

(C) The conflict there will be resolved peacefully.

(D) The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague will settle the matter.

(

(

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. scatter [σκ8τ2] vi. 分散，散開 ．The students soon scattered when the class was dismissed.

2. claim [kλεµ] vt. 聲稱，斷言 ．Peter claimed that he was Natalie Portman’s classmate but no one believed him.

3. potential [π1τΕνΣ1λ] adj. 可能的，潛在的 ．Eating too much greasy food and desserts may pose a potential threat to one’s health.

4. flashpoint [φλ8Σ&πΟΙντ] n. [C] 危機即將爆發的地點 2

．The Middle East is a flashpoint because of complex religions and benefits of the oil.

5. sovereignty [σΑϖρΙντΙ] n. [U] 主權，統治權 sovereign [σΑϖρΙν] n. [C] 君主，元首 ．The sovereignty of the land is still a big problem because of the different and disputed borders. ．The last sovereign of the United Kingdom is Queen Anne, who is also called the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.

6. lay claim to [λε κλεµ τυ] phr. 聲稱…歸其所有 ．Kevin laid claim to the possession of his dead mother’s house.

7. rule [ρυλ] vt. 裁決，判定 ．The court has ruled that the prisoner, who killed an innocent child randomly, is sentenced to the death penalty.

8. disputed [δΙσπϕυτΙδ] adj. 有爭議的 ．Donald Trump has made a lot of disputed issues, such as racial and sexual discrimination.

9. dismiss [δΙσµΙσ] vt. 對…不予理會 ．The manager dismissed the idea that Susan came up with in the meeting.

10. defiantly [δΙφαΙ1ντλΙ] adv. 違抗地，挑釁地 ．Jason’s competitor spoke out defiantly to him before the game started.

11. representative [ρΕπρΙζΕντ1τΙϖ] n. [C] 代表 ．Judy was pointed to be our school’s representative to attend the speech contest.

12. administration [1δ&µΙν1στρεΣ1ν] n. [C] 政府任期 ．The Iraq War happened during the Bush administration.

13. resolution [&ρΕζ1λυΣ1ν] n. [C] 決議，正式決定 ．The United Kingdom passed the resolution to exit the EU. 14. reaffirm [&ρι1φ3µ] vt. 重申，再次聲明 ．The spokesman of the police headquarters reaffirmed that he didn’t have any connection to the bribe.

15. differentiate [&δΙφ1ρΕνΣΙ&ετ] vt. 區別，辨別 ．What differentiates humans from animals is language.

16. deliberately [δΙλΙβ1ρετλΙ] adv. 故意地 ．After arguing, Ian deliberately tumbled Frank and stared with scorn at him.

17. demonstrate [δΕµ1ν&στρετ] vt. 顯示，表明 ．The extreme weather demonstrates that human beings should be aware of our natural environment.

18. shipping [ΣΙπΙ9] n. [U] 運輸；(尤指) 船運，海運 ．The shipping fee of your products is 60 dollars.

19. resolve [ρΙζολϖ] vt. 解決；解除 3

．The couple tried to resolve the problem they met and went through everything together.

20. involve [Ινϖολϖ] vt. 牽涉；包含 ．The oil scandal involved many famous companies, which made a lot of people disappointed about it.

Words for Recognition 1. South China Sea [`σαΥΤ τΣαΙν1 σι] n. 南海 位於東南亞，西太平洋的一部分，菲律賓又稱之為「西菲律賓海」 。南海海域面積 有 350 萬平方公里，其中有超過 200 個無人居住的島嶼和岩礁，這些島礁被合 稱為南海諸島。除了是主要的海上運輸航線外，南海據信還蘊藏著豐富的石油 和天然氣。 2. here and there [ηΙρ 8νδ ∆Ερ] phr. 到處，在各處 3. Brunei [βρυναΙ] n. 汶萊 汶萊達魯薩蘭國，也作汶萊和平之國，簡稱汶萊或文萊，是東南亞「主權、民 主和獨立的馬來穆斯林蘇丹國」。 1984 年脫離英國和平獨立。盛產石油與天 然氣。 4. on the rise [Αν ∆1 ραΙζ] phr. 增加，上漲 5. Permanent Court of Arbitration [π3µ1νµ1ντ κορτ 1ϖ &Αρβ1τρεΣ1ν] n. 常設仲裁法院位於荷蘭海牙的國際仲裁機構。該院基於國家之間或者國家與私 人之間的合意，處理他們之間的爭端。常設仲裁法院並不是一個國家之間的法 庭。爭議雙方可以請求該院對其進行仲裁、調解或者僅僅是調查事實。 6. The Hague [ηεγ] n. 海牙 荷蘭第三大城市，在阿姆斯特丹和鹿特丹之後。海牙並不是荷蘭的首都，但它 是中央政府所在地，所有的中央政府機關與外國使館幾乎都位於此。 7. Spratly Islands [σπρ8τλΙ] n. 南沙群島 南沙群島是華人對該群島的稱呼，西方社會以及其以往的殖民地一般稱之為斯 普拉特利群島。南沙群島是南海中南海諸島的四大群島中位置最南、島礁最 多、分布最廣的一組群島，也是爭議最多的島嶼群。 8. Ministry of Foreign Affairs [µΙνΙστρΙ 1ϖ φΟρΙν 1φΕρζ] n. 外交部 外交部是一個主權國家負責國家對外事務的專門政府機關，與國家對外事務或 相關領域事務劃歸外交部負責，如經貿商務、援助合作及宗教和移民事務。 9. Itu Aba Island [&ιτυ ΑβΑ αΙλ1νδ] n. 太平島 從前傳統的中國漁民都稱呼這座島嶼為「黃山馬峙」 ，而「峙」是「高聳」的 意思。日本人稱呼這座島嶼為長島。而中文以外的航海地圖，把太平島命名 為伊圖阿巴(Itu Aba Island)，而「伊圖阿巴」是馬來語「那是什麼」的意思。 10. naval [νεϖΛ] adj. 海軍的，軍艦的

4

Translation 南海緊張局勢加劇 對世界上許多人，甚至包括一些亞洲人來說，南海似乎並不是那麼的重要。 畢竟，這個地區什麼都沒有，除了一望無際的海和一些零散在四處的島嶼。但是， 一些專家聲稱，這個地區事實上既危險又棘手，且可能會引發戰爭。 關於南海領域的衝突可以追溯至幾世紀前。近幾年來，不同的國家都宣稱它 們在那裡擁有部份領海和島嶼的主權，總共有六個國家，包括臺灣、中國大陸、 菲律賓、越南、馬來西亞，以及汶萊，都聲稱南海的所有或部分爭議地區都歸其 所有。 過去 50 年來，在這塊領域曾經有過幾次小衝突。但是南海緊張的局勢現在 似乎越演越烈。最近位於荷蘭海牙的國際常設仲裁法院，裁決中國大陸對南海並 沒有任何歷史權利。此外，根據法院的判決，中國大陸最近的行動，包括在南海 的諸島上建造軍事基地，已經觸犯了菲律賓的國家主權。 但中國大陸對於此項裁決不予理會，事實上還在公聽會上杯葛這次的判決。 中國大陸以挑釁的姿態宣稱，它還會繼續在南沙群島建設新的機場。一位中國大 陸外交部的代表聲稱，中國對於南海主權有 2000 年的歷史，並且提出 1948 年的 地圖來證明對此區域的所有權。 對臺灣新上任的總統蔡英文來說，南海爭議似乎是第一個真正的考驗，考驗 她的能力以及外交政策。最近，蔡英文政府決議並重申，臺灣對於太平島有絕對 的主權。蔡英文政府被認為想和中國官方對於南海的主張有所區別。 對這次爭議，美國政府仍然視南海為國際海域，並且刻意派出軍艦航行南海 來證明此說法。 專家表示，南海是重要的區域，因為它有可能蘊藏石油及其他珍貴的天然資 源。且掌控這裡的海運航線也非常重要。但我們只能期許所有牽涉南海衝突的國 家可以盡快和平地解決。 閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. C

5

Sep. 25, 2016

Vol. 234

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

A Clash of Competing Ideologies: France’s Burkini Controversy France is one of many European countries with a growing Muslim population, many of whom are newly arrived immigrants from Africa and the Middle East. How these newcomers integrate into French society, or seen another way, how some of them refuse to integrate, is a source of ongoing tension in France.

Traditionally-minded French people feel that immigrants should adapt to the culture of their adopted homeland. This means conforming not only to France’s laws, but also to French norms and social conventions. Some Muslim immigrants, however, are reluctant to embrace the traditions and behaviors of a culture they see as overly permissive and lacking in morals. They believe doing so would compromise their own religious and cultural beliefs.

Among these beliefs is a requirement for Muslim women to dress modestly in public.

To comply, some opt for simple headscarves, while others cover their entire bodies with long garments known as Burqas. This distinctive clothing makes them stand out from non-Muslims.

A clash has erupted between these competing ideologies in the Mediterranean coastal city of Nice. At issue is what constitutes appropriate swimwear for women. French women often wear bikinis, and some even choose to swim and sunbathe topless. This reflects the majority French view that it is acceptable for women to bare their breasts while frolicking at the seaside. Conservative Muslims find this practice deeply offensive, however.

To conform to their religious beliefs, some Muslim women have taken to wearing bathing suits that cover them from head to toe, popularly known as burkinis.

Dismayed by this new development, the local government in Nice enacted a law banning the wearing of burkinis. The rationale behind the law is that such an obvious display of religiosity might be seen as symbolic of Islamic extremism. While this may seem overly reactionary, it must be remembered that a number of terrorist attacks have been committed on French soil by Islamic extremists in recent years. Besides the Paris 1

attacks that happened last year, an attack in Nice in July saw a terrorist drive a truck through a crowded outdoor celebration, killing eighty-six people and injuring hundreds.

In a legal challenge, however, a French court has ruled that Nice’s burkini ban is not justified. In overturning the ban, the court stated that wearing the swimsuits posed no risk to public safety or law and order. Even so, questions of how to respect religious freedom while maintaining social harmony continue to divide French society.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. According to the passage, where do many newly arrived immigrants to France originally come from?

(A) Asia (C) North America and Australia (

(

(

(

(B) Central America and South America (D) Africa and the Middle East

) 2. Nice enacted a law banning the burkinis because ______.

(A) burkinis are offensive to Muslim women (B) eighty six people were killed by someone wearing a burkini (C) there are many terrorist attacks happening in France in recent years (D) the style of a burkini is topless ) 3. According to the passage, what is the reason for the court overturning the burkini ban?

(A) Religious freedom is more important than fashion.

(B) The swimsuits do not put people in danger while swimming.

(C) The swimsuits pose no risk to public safety or law and order.

(D) The government has no business telling people what to wear or what not to wear. ) 4. According to the passage, what happened in a recent terror attack in Nice?

(A) Bombs were exploded by terrorists in several locations.

(B) Nightclub patrons were shot dead by terrorists during a concert.

(C) A terrorist drove a truck through a crowded celebration.

(D) Beachgoers were kidnapped at gunpoint by terrorists. ) 5. Which of the following statements could be inferred from the passage?

(A) People in Nice are very sensitive about visible displays of religiosity because of recent terror attacks.

(B) People in Nice believe women should always go topless at the beach.

(C) People in Nice believe Muslim women should have to wear bikinis to conform to French culture.

(D) People in Nice want to ban the Islamic religion altogether.

Vocabulary and Phrases 2

1. integrate [Ιντ1&Γρετ] vt.; vi. 合併 My uncle’s company integrated into another one because they are in debt.

2. conform [κ1νφΟρµ] vi. 遵照，順從 The teacher is angrily scolding at those students who didn’t conform to the school regulations.

3. norm [νΟρµ] n. [C] 基準，標準方式 Stanley tried to accustom himself to the social norms after he immigrated to Italy.

4. embrace [Ιµβρεσ] vt. (fml.) 接受(想法、觀念等) The young designer embraces changes enthusiastically and is always willing to leave his comfort zone and try new things.

5. permissive [π2µΚσΚϖ] adj. 過於寬容的；對性的開放 For Asian people, western countries are usually seen to be free and permissive.

6. compromise [κΑµπρ1&µαΙζ] vt. 損害，危及 Staying up late and working too hard every night can compromise one’s health.

7. modestly [µΑδ1στλΙ] adv. 質樸地 Although Sherry is rich, she always dresses modestly no matter where she goes.

8. comply [κ1µπλαΙ] vi. 應允，順從，遵守 The strict employer asked his employees to comply with all rules of the company, or they will be fired.

9. opt [Απτ] vi. 選擇 Howard opted for a laptop instead of a desktop computer, for it is much lighter and convenient.

10. headscarf [ηΕδ&σκΑρφ] n. [C] 頭巾 Jenny likes to cover her head with a headscarf when it is cold outside.

11. garment [ΓΑρµ1ντ] n. [C] (fml.) 衣服 Pam designs ladies’ garments only—including everything from blouses and skirts to underclothes and gowns.

12. distinctive [δΙστΙ9κτΙϖ] adj. 不同的；獨特的 The pop star always catches people’s eyes by wearing distinctive clothes.

13. erupt [Ιρ⊥πτ] vi. (戰事或衝突等)突發，爆發 Right after the final peace attempt failed, a war immediately erupted between the two countries.

14. constitute [κΑνστ1&τϕυτ] vt. 等於…，就是…

Being tired all the time constitutes a warning sign to one’s health.

15. topless [τΑπλ1σ] adj. 胸部裸露的 Nancy didn’t know where to look at while seeing a lot of topless women on the beach.

16. dismay [δΙσµε] vt. 使驚恐；使失望 Tom was dismayed by the new policies of his company, so he decided to protest against 3

them.

17. enact [Ιν8κτ] vt. 制定（法律） The government enacted a law about minimum wage to guarantee the rights of employees.

18. rationale [&ρ8Σ1ν8λ] n. [U][C] (fml.) 理由 The residents wanted to know Mr. Chen’s rationale for shutting down his grocery store.

19. terrorist [τΕρ1ρΙστ] n. [C] 恐怖主義者 The terrorist who was trying to explode the bomb in the airport was caught by police.

20.justify [δΖ⊥στ1&φαΙ] vt. 證明…有道理 Paul justified handing in the assignment late by saying that he had been doing something more valuable.

Words for Recognition 1.

ideology [&αΙδΙΑλ17Ι] n. [U][C] 意識形態

2.

burkini n. [C] 布基尼 一種為穆斯林女性設計的泳裝，此種泳裝包覆全身，只露出臉的部分。

3.

Burqa n. [C] 罩袍 又譯做「布爾卡」或「波卡」 ，為一種伊斯蘭國家的女性傳統服飾，特色是會將全 身從頭到腳都包覆，眼睛的部分也有網紗。

4.

Mediterranean [>µΕδ1τ1ρενΙ1ν] n. (the ～) 地中海 位於歐洲大陸、非洲大陸、亞洲大陸之間的海域。由於曲折的海岸線形成許多良 好的港口，從古代開始就有發達的航海業。古埃及文明、古希臘文明及羅馬帝國 皆位於地中海沿岸。

5.

Nice [νισ] n. 尼斯 法國東南部的港口城市，位於普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸大區。

6.

bikini [βΙκινΙ] n. [C] 比基尼式泳裝 一種上半件為胸罩、下半件為內褲的兩件式女性泳裝。

7.

8.

frolic [φρΑλΙκ] vi. 嬉戲 religiosity [ρΙ&λΙ7ΙΑσ1τΙ] n. [U] 宗教信仰

9.

Islamic [Ισλ8µΙκ] adj. 伊斯蘭教（徒）的

10. extremism [ΙκστριµΙζ1µ] n. [U] 極端主義 extremist [ΙκστριµΙστ] n. [C] 極端主義者 極端主義多見於政治或宗教層面。本文所提到的伊斯蘭極端主義常被西方國家稱 作恐怖主義。 11. reactionary [ρΙ8κΣ1ν&ΕρΙ] adj. 反動的 Translation 4

意識形態衝突：布基尼禁令掀爭議 法國是歐洲眾多穆斯林人口攀升的國家之一，這些穆斯林大多為來自非洲及中東 的新移民。而新移民們如何融入，或者說，拒絕融入法國社會，是法國現今局勢緊張 的源頭。 思想較傳統的法國人認為，移民都應入境隨俗，不只要遵守法國法律，也須遵從 法國的規範及社會習俗。然而，有些穆斯林不願意接受一個文化中過度放縱、缺乏道 德的傳統和行為，他們深信這樣會危害自己的宗教及文化信仰。 其中一個信仰就是女性穆斯林需在公共場合穿著保守。為了遵從規範，有些人選 擇只戴簡單的頭巾，而有些人則會將身體緊緊包覆，她們所穿的長袍稱作「布爾卡」， 這種特殊的服裝讓她們在非穆斯林人群中顯得特別突出。 這兩個互不包容的意識形態在地中海沿岸的城市尼斯爆發了衝突，爭議點就在於 女性的泳裝。法國女人常穿比基尼，有人甚至會裸露上身游泳或曬日光浴，反映出多 數法國人接受女性在海邊玩耍時袒胸露背，但是保守的穆斯林認為這個行為深深冒犯 到他們。為了遵守宗教信仰，一些穆斯林女人開始穿上將自己從頭到腳都包住的泳裝 「布基尼」。 由於對這樣的發展感到擔心，尼斯政府下令禁穿布基尼，理由是如此明顯的宗教 行為可能被視為伊斯蘭極端主義的象徵。儘管這個政策看似過於反動，但不要忘了近 幾年法國發生的許多恐怖攻擊事件。除了去年的巴黎襲擊事件，今年七月，尼斯也發 生恐怖份子開卡車衝撞參加國慶人群的事件，並造成 86 人喪生與數百人受傷。 然而，法院判定尼斯的布基尼禁令無效，並以穿這種泳衣不會對社會安全造成危 害來推翻此禁令。儘管如此，要如何尊重宗教自由並同時維持社會和諧，這個問題將 持續讓法國內部產生對立。

閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A

5

Oct. 5, 2016

Vol. 235

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

Pokémon Go Sweeps Taiwan!

Over the years, Taiwan has certainly seen its fair share of fads and crazes, including Portuguese egg tarts, “planking,” and watermelon bread. Now, Taiwan is experiencing another new craze that is sweeping the nation—Pokémon Go! Basically speaking, Pokémon Go is a free online game that is played on mobile devices. The game accesses a mobile device’s GPS system and makes use of augmented reality (AR) to enable players to find, catch, and even battle virtual monsters called Pokémon. Because of the game’s advanced technology, Pokémon creatures appear to be moving on the screens of mobile devices, in the same real-world locations as players.

Surprisingly, Pokémon Go was not an immediate hit when it was first launched in 2016, receiving mostly mixed reviews from critics. However, the game caught on with the general public, and it soon became a surprise phenomenon around the world. Some reports say that 100 million people have already downloaded the game, and news reports are calling it the first game to popularize AR and location-based gaming. Even some parents and teachers have praised the game for encouraging physical activity, since players must go outside to find more Pokémon creatures.

Though many in Taiwan were eager to play the game, Pokémon Go was initially only available in Asia in Japan and Hong Kong. Then, on August 6, the game finally became officially available in Taiwan, and the full fury of the Pokémon Go craze hit Taiwan head-on.

Players in Taiwan embraced the game immediately, with thousands flocking to parks and other public places to pick up balls at “PokeStops” and capture Pokémon creatures on their mobile devices. Soon, social media sites in Taiwan were full of players sharing their experiences playing Pokémon Go. Some players shared photos of the creatures they had captured, while others shared tips about the best locations to find more Pokémon monsters around Taiwan.

There were some downsides to the game, however. Police in Taiwan were forced to 1

give out hundreds of tickets to Pokémon Go players who had violated road safety regulations by playing the game while driving a car or riding a scooter. New transportation rules were also proposed to prevent the game from being played in airports and train stations. Some have also called for the game to be banned from school campuses. The premier of Taiwan, Lin Chuan, even told Taiwanese players via Facebook to “Catch the rare creatures, but don’t let accidents catch up with you!”

Perhaps the Pokémon Go craze will eventually fade away, as players lose interest in this game. For now, however, Pokémon Go remains the most popular AR game of the moment, in Taiwan and around the world.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main topic of this article?

(A) A history of all the fads and trends that have swept Taiwan over the years.

(B) A closer look at the future of augmented reality (AR) and location-based games.

(C) A review of the creatures and monsters in the Pokémon universe (D) The popularity this year of Pokémon Go in Taiwan and around the world. (

(

(

(

) 2. The word “phenomenon” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “________.”

(A) game (B) occurrence (C) dream (D) world ) 3. According to the passage, where in Asia was Pokémon Go first available?

(A) China and Thailand.

(B) Taiwan and Hong Kong.

(C) Japan and Hong Kong.

(D) Singapore and Hong Kong. ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) New things from other countries are not popular in Taiwan.

(B) People in Taiwan enjoy following new trends, such as Pokémon Go. (C) Pokémon Go is welcome on school campuses in Taiwan.

(D) Everyone in Taiwan likes the new game, Pokémon Go. ) 5. What does the author think about the future of Pokémon Go in Taiwan?

(A) It will continue to be popular in Taiwan for many more years to come.

(B) It is too soon to say if people in Taiwan will continue to play this game.

(C) People in Taiwan will probably eventually lose interest in this game.

(D) Actually, this game is not that popular in Taiwan at all.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. fad [φ8δ] n. [C] 一時的流行 ．There is a fad for young people wearing vintage clothing these years.

2. craze [κρεζ] n. [C] (一時的)狂熱；時尚 ．My sister started a craze for Minions, spending lots of money buying the related 2

products.

3. experience [ΙκσπΙρΙ1νσ] vt. 歷經 ．David experienced the hardships of running out of money and selling his house but now he is a quite successful entrepreneur.

4. device [dΙϖαΙσ] n. [C] 裝置 ．It is forbidden to bring the electronic devices into a military base.

5. access [8κσ6σ] vt. 讀取(電腦資訊) ．The engineer needs to access your computer data so as to help you rebuild your project.

6. virtual [ϖ3τΣ51λ] adj. 虛擬的 ．Some online games require players to create a virtual character as a representative to interact with others.

7. location [λοκεΣ1ν] n. [C] 位置；場所 ．The location of that famous restaurant is in London.

8. critic [κρΙτΙκ] n. [C] 批評者；評論家 ．Francois Simon, who is a famous food critic once came to Taiwan to feast on the local food such as bubble tea and xiaolongbao and introduced the food to the world.

9. phenomenon [φ1νΑµ1&νΑν] n. [C]（尤指不尋常的或有趣的）現象 ．It is a strange phenomenon that animals would have unusual reactions before a dreadful disaster comes.

10. popularize [πΑπϕ1λ1&ραΙζ] vt. 普及 ．The Korean drama has successfully popularized Korean culture and clothing style around the world.

11. initially [ΙνΙΣ1λΙ] adv. 起初，最初 ．Initially, Helen didn’t like the smell of garlic, but now she loves it.

12. fury [φϕ5ρΙ] n. [U] 猛烈 ．The fury of the thunderstorm was scary. Even the trees were all blown away.

13. immediately [ΙµιδΙΙτλΙ] adv. 立刻，馬上 ．As soon as the alarm clock rang, James got up immediately to prepare for the important meeting.

14. flock [φλΑκ] vi. 群集，蜂擁而至 ．Hundreds of people flocked into the department store on the first day of the anniversary sale.

15. downside [δα5νσαΙδ] n. [C] 不利因素，不利的一面 ．There are a lot of downsides of fast food such as causing high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

16. regulation [ρΕγϕ1λεΣ1ν] n. [C] 規則，條例 ．People should follow the traffic regulations so that the car accidents would be less likely

to happen.

3

17. transportation [τρ8νσπ2τεΣ1ν] n. [U] 運輸，傳送 ．The public transportation in Taipei is really convenient.

18. propose [πρ1ποζ] vt. 提議，建議 ．Dan proposed a new plan which could reduce our budget to the minimum.

19. via [ϖαΙ1] prep. 經由，透過 ．Nowadays, many people give vent to their feelings via social media.

20. fade away [φεδ 1ωε] 逐漸消失 ．Tom’s feelings toward his ex-girlfriend are fading away with time.

Words for Recognition 1. Pokémon Go [ποκΕµον γο] n. 精靈寶可夢 Go 《精靈寶可夢 GO》是一款行動平台擴增實境遊戲，由任天堂、精靈寶可夢公司授 權，Niantic, Inc.負責開發和營運。精靈寶可夢允許玩家以現實世界為平台，捕捉、 戰鬥、訓練和交易虛擬精靈寶可夢。 2. Portuguese egg tart [πορτΣ5&γιζ Εγ τΑρτ] n. 葡式蛋塔 3. planking [πλ89κΙ9] n. 仆街 中文有趴街、仆街、鋪板等譯名，為網路流行文化，在各種場所（尤以不尋常的 地方），伸直身體俯趴於目標物上後，拍照分享於網路。 4. GPS (Global Positioning System) n. [U] 全球衛星定位系統 5. augmented reality (AR) [ΟγµΕντΙδ ρι8λ1τΙ] n. 增廣實境 是一種實時地計算攝影機影像的位置及角度並加上相應圖像的技術，這種技術的 目標是在螢幕上把虛擬世界套在現實世界並進行互動。 6. real-world [ρι1λ ω3λδ] adj. 現實世界的 7. surprisingly [σ1πραΙζΙ9λΙ] adv. 驚人地，意外地 8. mostly [µοστλΙ] adv. 主要地，大部分地 9. premier [πριµΙ2] n. 首相，總理 10. Lin Chuan 林全 (為中華民國行政院院長)

Translation 精靈寶可夢 Go，席捲全臺！ 近幾年來，臺灣經歷過許多潮流和狂熱，包括葡式蛋塔、「仆街」和西瓜麵包。 現在，臺灣正歷經一波席捲全台的新浪潮―精靈寶可夢 Go！ 基本上，精靈寶可夢 Go 是一款使用行動裝置來玩的免費線上遊戲。這個遊戲會 先取得行動裝置的衛星定位系統，並利用增廣實境讓玩家能尋找、捕捉甚至和名為 寶可夢的虛擬怪獸對戰。因為這個遊戲先進的科技，寶可夢怪獸可以在行動裝置螢 幕上出現並移動，且與玩家所處的現實世界位置相同。 令人訝異的是，精靈寶可夢 Go 在 2016 年首度發行時，並沒有立即造成轟動， 而是從評論家得到了大多褒貶不一的評價。然而，這個遊戲開始受到大眾歡迎，且 4

很快地在全世界造成了驚人的現象。據統計，已有一億人下載了這個遊戲，新聞報 導稱之為第一個普及增廣實境和定位的遊戲。甚至有些家長和老師對這個遊戲讚賞 有加，因為玩家們必須走到戶外尋找更多的寶可夢怪獸，進而促進了身體的活動。 雖然臺灣有很多人渴望可以玩到這個遊戲，但精靈寶可夢 Go 最初開放的亞洲國 家只有日本及香港。而就在 8 月 6 號，這個遊戲終於在臺灣正式開放，精靈寶可夢 Go 狂潮就此在臺灣展開。 臺灣的玩家立刻投入了這個遊戲的懷抱，幾千人拿著手機聚集在公園和其他公 共場所，為了要在「補給站」獲得寶貝球並捕捉寶可夢怪獸。很快地，臺灣的社群 網站充滿玩家們分享玩精靈寶可夢 Go 的經驗。有些人分享他們抓到精靈的照片，其 他人則分享臺灣能抓到更多寶可夢怪獸的最佳地點資訊。 然而，這個遊戲也帶來了負面的影響。玩家於駕駛汽、機車時玩寶可夢，破壞 交通規則，警察不得不向玩家們開出幾百張罰單。新的交通法規也被提出以避免玩 家在機場或火車站玩寶可夢。有些人也呼籲，希望在校園內禁止此手遊。臺灣行政 院院長林全，甚至也在臉書上發文表示：「捕捉稀有精靈，但不要讓意外捕捉你。」 也許寶可夢狂熱會隨著玩家們失去興趣而到最後退潮。然而，現在精靈寶可夢 Go 在臺灣甚至在全世界，依然是最受歡迎的增廣實境手遊。 閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. B

3. C 4. B

5. C

5

October 25, 2016

Vol.236

by Jason Grenier, special correspondent

Philippines President Duterte and his Controversial War on Drugs The new President of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, says he is determined to rid his country of crime and drug abuse, no matter what the cost. Since he was elected by a popular majority of Philippine voters in May, over 3000 people have been killed by police and the military. Most of the dead were suspected of being involved in the drug trade.

Critics of his ongoing “war on crime” say Duterte is encouraging nothing less than state-sponsored murder. In effect, they allege the President has given police the power to judge the guilt or innocence of Filipinos and to act as his personal “hit-squad”. What is most alarming from a human rights standpoint is that individuals suspected of using or trafficking drugs are being executed without a proper trial. Once they are presumed to be guilty, they have no chance to mount a legal defense to prove their innocence.

Some observers are calling the President a murderer with innocent blood on his hands. Yet Duterte is quick to defend himself and his methods, and is definitely unafraid to speak his mind in plain, direct language. At his press conferences, he has used rude language to insult American President Barack Obama, has cursed the Pope, and has mocked the Secretary-General of the United Nations. He has even boldly claimed that the Philippines will cease its military partnership with the U.S. in the near future. This is a potentially worrying development since such a split could seriously affect the balance of power in the Asia Pacific region.

Taking things even further, in a recent speech Duterte shocked many by comparing himself to Adolf Hitler, the infamous Nazi leader. After mentioning that Hitler had killed three million Jews, Duterte said he would gladly slaughter three million drug addicts in similar fashion if it would save future generations of his country.

Human rights watchers allege Duterte is on his way to becoming a dictator.

There’s also growing concern about the impact his bloody law and order campaign 1

will have on tourism, which is vital for the Philippines. Some industry insiders worry foreign visitors may stay away to avoid ending up in the crossfire.

Despite the controversy surrounding his methods and his brash and abrasive personality, Duterte reportedly has a 92 percent approval rating. This suggests strong support for his objectives, even if his methods are so extreme that they violate the rule of law.

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main reason of Duterte’s “war”?

(A) Duterete wants to win the next presidential election.

(B) Duterete wants to eliminate crime and drug abuse in Philippines.

(C) Duterte decides to cease Philippines’ military partnership with the U.S. (D) Duterete decides to give police the power to judge the guilt or innocence of Filipinos and to act as his personal “hit-squad”. (

(

(

(

) 2. According to the passage, why are human rights watchers concerned about President Duterte’s “war on crime”?

(A) Those suspected of using or trafficking drugs are being executed without a proper trial.

(B) Duterte’s “war on crime” would save future generations of his country.

(C) Duterte used rude language to insult American President Barack Obama at a press conference.

(D) The Philippines will cease its military partnership with the U.S. in the near future. ) 3. According to the passage, which political dictator did President Duterte recently compare himself to?

(A) Idi Amin Dada (B) Benito Mussolini (C) Joseph Stalin (D) Adolph Hitler ) 4. It could be inferred from the passage that ______.

(A) the Philippines does not need to cooperate with the U.N. (B) the Philippines does not need the tourism industry (C) there is a lot of serious crime in the Philippines (D) the Philippines does not need military cooperation with the U.S. ) 5. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) Most Filipinos seem to disapprove of President Duterte’s methods.

(B) Duterte has slaughtered three million drug addicts.

(C) Duterte’s “war on crime” may have impact on tourism of Philippines.

(D) Duterte’s “war on crime” is strongly supported without controversy.

2

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. critic [κρΙτΙκ] n. [C] 批評家，評論家 Although the movie is very popular, it hasn’t received any good reviews from 2.

movie critics. allege [1λΕ7] vt. 主張，斷言

3.

It is alleged that the famous director is going to retire next year. alarming [1λΑρµΙ9] adj. 令人憂心的

4.

Some kinds of rare animals in Taiwan are disappearing at an alarming rate. standpoint [στ8νδ&πΟΙντ] n. [C] 立場；觀點

5.

From the standpoint of most students, much homework means much pressure. execute [ΕκσΙ&κϕυτ] vt. (尤指依法) 處決，處死

6.

The judge ordered that the criminal be executed for the murders he had committed. presume [πρΙζυµ] vt. 假設，認定

7.

According to the law, a person is to be presumed innocent until there is enough concrete proof of that person’s guilt. mount [µα5ντ] vt. 發起，進行

8.

The workers mounted a campaign to protest against the law of payment. press [πρΕσ] n. [U] 新聞媒體

9.

The superstar announced in the press conference that he would get married the next month, which came as a surprise to the public. conference [κΑνφ1ρ1νσ] n. [C] 會議 Mr. Charles has been working frantically the entire weekend to get everything

ready for the conference on Monday.

10. mock [µΑκ] vt. 嘲弄，譏笑 You shouldn’t have mocked the shy boy. It’s really rude and inappropriate, and it wasn’t funny at all.

11. potentially [π1τΕνΣ1λΙ] adv. 可能地，潛在地 Research has revealed that certain chemicals used for whitening teeth are potentially harmful to tooth enamel (琺瑯質).

12. split [σπλΙτ] n. [C] 分裂 A civil war caused the split of this country which then divided into several independent nations.

13. infamous [Ινφ1µ1σ] adj. 惡名昭彰的 William is afraid of his teacher who is infamous for hitting her students.

14. slaughter [σλΟτ2] vt. 屠殺 Tens of thousands of people were slaughtered during the war. Thus, many 3

families were left sad and heartbroken.

15. dictator [δΙκτετ2] n. [C] 獨裁者 Joseph Stalin is a famous dictator who cruelly suppressed those who opposed his policies.

16. insider [ΙνσαΙδ2] n. [C] 熟悉內幕的人，消息靈通人士 According to the insiders, the basketball player is not selected in the national team.

17. objective [1βδΖΕκτΙϖ] n. [C] 目標，目的 Although the salesperson worked hard, he still failed to achieve his sales objectives.

Words for Recognition 1. Philippines [φΙλ1&πινζ] 菲律賓 Philippine [φΙλ1&πιν] adj. 菲律賓的 Filipino [&φΙλ1πινο] n. [C] 菲律賓人 菲律賓是位在東南亞的國家，由數千個島嶼組成，分為呂宋島、維薩亞斯群 島和民答那峨島三大島群。首都位於馬尼拉市。官方語言以菲律賓語及英語 為主。 2.

3.

4.

in effect 實際上 hit-squad n. [C] 暗殺小組 Secretary-General n. [C] 秘書長

5.

United Nations 聯合國 由主權國家所組成的國際組織，成立於 1945 年，總部設在紐約。目前有 193 個成員國與 2 個觀察員國。

6.

Adolf Hitler 希特勒

7.

8.

9.

crossfire [κρΟσ&φαΙρ] n. [U] 交叉火力 brash [βρ8Σ] adj. 無禮的，粗俗的 abrasive [1βρεσΙϖ] adj. 令人不快的

Translation 菲律賓總統掃毒爭議 新上任的菲律賓總統杜特蒂已下定決心，會不計代價將國內犯罪及毒品氾濫 問題一掃而空。從他五月高票當選之後，已經有超過三千人被警方及軍方擊殺， 這些人大部分都是毒品交易的嫌疑犯。 有人批評杜特蒂的「掃毒戰爭」是在助長國家資助型的謀殺，實際上，他們 宣稱總統給予警方權力，藉此，警方可以審判菲律賓人民有罪或清白，還可充當 總統的個人暗殺小組。從人權的觀點來看，最令人憂心的是，每個吸食或交易毒 品的嫌疑犯不會經過適當的審判即被處死，一旦他們被判罪，就沒有機會以法律 4

辯護證明清白了。 有些人稱杜特蒂為濫殺無辜的殺人犯，然而杜特蒂很快地為自己辯護，他毫 不畏懼以直接且強硬的言詞表達自己的想法。他曾在記者會上用難聽的話謾罵美 國總統歐巴馬、詛咒教宗，還嘲笑聯合國秘書長。他甚至大膽地宣稱短時間內會 中止菲律賓與美國的軍事夥伴關係，這可能是個讓人擔憂的發展，因為他們的分 裂可能會嚴重地影響亞太地區的權力平衡。 杜特蒂在最近的一次演講中，將自己比做惡名昭彰的納粹領導人希特勒，此 說法震驚許多人。提到希特勒屠殺三百萬猶太人，杜特蒂表示，如果能因此保護 國家的後代，自己很樂意以同樣的方式屠殺三百萬名吸毒者。 人權觀察者稱杜特蒂未來會走向獨裁。也有越來越多人關心這樣殘酷的法令 及指令行動對旅遊業所造成的影響，畢竟旅遊業對菲律賓來說是非常重要的。一 些業內的知情人士擔心遊客可能會為了避免麻煩而遠離菲律賓。 儘管杜特蒂的做事方法以及無禮的個性引來不少爭議，他仍有百分之九十二 的支持率，這代表著即使他用的方法過度極端，以致觸犯法律，他的目的仍獲得 強烈的支持。

閱讀測驗解答：1. B

2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C

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Nov. 5, 2016

Vol. 237

by Theodore Pigott, special correspondent

The White Helmets Who Save Syrians For the last five years or so, a terrible civil war has been raging in Syria, a small country in the Middle East. The conflict began in 2011 during the so-called Arab Spring, and it became violent when the government of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad began to crack down on protestors who were demanding the removal of al-Assad. It has since come to involve several factions, with many of these groups receiving both official and unofficial support and aid from several foreign nations, including the United States of America and Russia.

Sadly, the Syrian people have had to endure years of fighting, not to mention almost daily bombings, and images of shell-shocked Syrian survivors have filled social media sites. As a result, many Syrians have chosen to leave their country and become refugees, with thousands making the risky journey to Europe and Canada.

However, a few brave Syrians have chosen to stay behind and help those who are still trying to live in this war-torn country. These courageous people are members of the Syrian Civil Defense, although they are better known as the “White Helmets” because of the safety hats they wear during their rescue work. The White Helmets are an all-volunteer organization, and the group’s members come from all walks of life. The group is not political at all, and it does its best to save people on all sides of the conflict, providing medical assistance to anyone in need. In fact, the group’s motto is “To save a life is to save all of humanity.”

Their work is certainly dangerous. It has been estimated that 130 out of the 3,000 White Helmet members have been killed over the years. Most recently, in August of 2016, Khaled Omar, a 31-year-old member of the White Helmets who became famous when a video of him saving a “miracle baby” went viral in 2014, was killed by shrapnel in Aleppo.

At the same time, however, it has also been estimated that the White Helmets have been responsible for saving more than 56,000 people in Syria, despite having to brave bombings and even sniper fire to do their work. Perhaps this is why they have been nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize this year. In the nomination, the White Helmets were praised for their work: “Unpaid and unarmed, the White Helmets rush into bomb sites to rescue fellow Syrians from 1

the rubble, regardless of religion or politics.” The nomination continued: “Their efforts to save lives in the most dangerous place on earth are awe-inspiring, and merit the deepest respect.”

Reading Comprehension ( ) 1. What is the main topic of this article?

(A) A new fashion trend that is popular in the Middle Eastern country of Syria.

(B) A history of the most recent Nobel Peace Prize winners from around the world.

(C) The cause of the civil war in Syria that began in 2011.

(D) The brave efforts of a group of volunteers in Syria known as the White Helmets. (

) 2. The word “endure” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_______.”

(A) run away (B) put up with (C)look back on (D) fight over

(

) 3. According to the passage, how many White Helmets have been killed over the past five years?

(

(

(A) 130 (B) 3,000 (C) 56,000 (D) The article did not mention. ) 4. What can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Life in Syria is difficult but safe, thanks to the White Helmets.

(B) The White Helmets are professionals who are well-paid for the dangerous work they do.

(C) Many refugees are now returning to Syria to volunteer with the White Helmets.

(D) The White Helmets will continue to do their work until the war is over in Syria. ) 5. which word best describes the White Helmets?

(A) Foolish.

(B) Greedy.

(C) Uncaring.

(D) Courageous.

Vocabulary and Phrases 1. rage [ρεδΖ] vi. 肆虐，猛烈進行 ．The air raid has been raging in this country. Thousands of people are killed and wounded.

2. crack down on [κρ8κ δα5ν Αν] phr. 嚴厲制裁 ．The government of Philippines cracks down on drug pushers (毒販) severely.

3. protestor [πρ1τΕστ2] n. [C] 抗議分子 ．A lot of protestors were gathering in front of the Presidential Office Building to fight for their rights and hope to deal with the problem of the pension scheme.

4. demand [dΙµ8νδ] vt. 強烈要求 ．Brad demanded to see his children and negotiated child custody (子女扶養權) with his wife.

5. removal [rΙµυϖΛ] n. [U] 免職，開除 ．The removal of Kevin shocked everyone in the office because he is the one who put our company together.

6. faction [φ8κΣ1ν] n. [C] 派別，派系 2

．The religion split into different fractions but the basic beliefs are still the same.

7. unofficial [&⊥ν1φΙΣ1λ] adj. 非官方的，非正式的 ．The report is unofficial. We should be skeptical about it.

8. endure [Ινδϕ5ρ] vt. 忍受，忍耐 ．Farmers have to endure the heat of the burning sun when they work in the fields in summertime.

9. refugee [&ρΕφϕ5δΖι] n. [C] 難民 ．Thousands of refugees fleeing from the war zone were in search of safety in neighboring countries.

10. risky [ρΙσκΙ] adj. 擔…的風險，冒風險 ．It’s risky to invest impulsively. We should think twice before you leap.

11. assistance [1σΙστ1νσ] n. [U] 幫助，協助 ．When Sean saw an old woman carrying a heavy bag, he ran over and came to her assistance right away.

12. motto [µΑτο] n. [U] 座右銘；格言 ．Levine’s motto is “Never give up.” He is really positive.

13. humanity [ηϕυµ8ν1τΙ] n. [U] 人，人類 ．Environmental damage is a threat not only to humanity, but also to other living things.

14. estimate [Εστ1&µετ] vt. 估計，估算 ．Mr. White estimated that about seventy percent of his students would pass this test.

15. nominate [νΑµ1&νετ] vt. 提名 ．Linda was nominated for the class leader on the first day of school.

16. unpaid [⊥νπεδ] adj. 無償的，沒有報酬的 ．Mandy quite enjoys being an international volunteer. Although it is unpaid, she likes the

feeling of helping people around the world.

17. unarmed [⊥νΑρµδ] adj. 非武裝的，徒手的 ．The general emphasized again and again, “Do not shoot unarmed citizens. Don’t hurt innocent people.”

18. rubble [ρ⊥βΛ] n. [U] 瓦礫堆，碎磚爛瓦 ．The big earthquake reduced many houses in the city to rubble.

19. regardless [ρΙγΑρδλΙσ] adv. 不管怎樣，無論如何 ．Regardless of his parents’ objection, Ian still went to war-torn countries to help the people there.

20. merit [µΕρΙτ] vt. 值得；應受 ．Josh said that he did nothing wrong to merit such an outrageous treatment.

Words for Recognition 1. Syria [σΙρΙ1] n. 敘利亞

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Syrian [σΙρΙ1ν] n. 敘利亞人 阿拉伯敘利亞共和國，通稱敘利亞。首都為大馬士革。敘利亞是世界最古老文明 發源地之一，此外也是基督教的發祥地和傳播中心；後來阿拉伯帝國在中東地區 的擴張，成為伊斯蘭教傳播中心之一， 2. Russia [ρ⊥Σ1] n. 俄羅斯 俄羅斯聯邦，簡稱俄羅斯。橫跨歐、亞兩大洲。俄羅斯歷史始於歐洲的東斯拉夫 民族，國家從拜占庭帝國採納了東正教，隨後由此開始，千年拜占庭與斯拉夫文 化的融合成為了今日的俄羅斯文化。 3. shell-shocked [ΣΕλ ΣΑκτ] adj. (因戰爭)受極度驚嚇的 4. war-torn [ωΟρ τΟ:ν] adj. 受戰爭蹂躪的，飽受戰亂的 5. Syrian Civil Defense [σΙρΙ1ν σΙϖΛ δΙφΕνσ] n. 敘利亞民防隊 又稱白盔隊，或白帽救援隊，主要由敘利亞人民志願組成的一個非官方組織，目 的為拯救那些飽受敘利亞內戰且手無寸鐵的人民。在敘利亞境內共有 119 個救援 中心，同時得到西方世界和國際非政府組織「危機救援」的支持。 6. Khaled Omar 全名為 Khaled Omran Harrah，於 2014 年拯救 10 天大的「奇蹟寶寶」，而躍上國際 版面。但卻在政府軍所謂的「雙擊行動」中喪生。 7. shrapnel [Σρ8πν1λ] n. [U] 炸彈碎片；流彈 8. Aleppo n. 阿勒坡 是敘利亞的第一大城市，比首都大馬士革的人口還多。從歷史上看，阿勒坡是人類最古 老的定居點之一。敘利亞內戰爆發後，2012 年開始的阿勒坡之戰在市內造成嚴重破壞。 9. Nobel Peace Prize [νοβΕλ πΙσ πραΙζ] n. 諾貝爾和平獎 是由瑞典發明家,，艾爾弗雷德‧諾貝爾所創立的諾貝爾獎之一，由挪威諾貝爾委 員會選出得主，與其他在瑞典斯德哥爾摩頒發四個獎項不同，諾貝爾和平獎頒獎 典禮是在挪威首都奧斯陸舉行，由挪威諾貝爾委員會主席頒獎， 10. awe-inspiring [ΟΙν&σπαΙ1ρΙ9] adj. 令人敬畏的

Translation 拯救敘利亞人的白盔隊 大約在五年前，一場嚴重的內戰肆虐於中東的一個小國家，敘利亞。這場衝突始於 2011 年的阿拉伯之春，且當敘利亞總統，巴沙爾‧阿薩德政府開始嚴厲制裁那些想要阿 薩德下台的抗議分子時，這場衝突越演越烈。這場內戰涉及到數個派別，各個團體都有 官方和非官方的支持，並且還有來自幾個其他國家的幫助，包括美國和俄羅斯。 令人難過的是，敘利亞人民必須承受數年的戰爭，更不用提及每日的轟炸；飽受驚 嚇的敘利亞生還者的照片充斥著社群網站。因此，許多敘利亞人民選擇離開他們的家鄉， 成為難民，數以千計的避難者冒著生命的危險前往歐洲和加拿大。 但是，有一群勇敢的敘利亞人選擇留在家鄉，幫助那些還住在這個戰火肆虐的國家 的人。這些勇敢的人，為敘利亞民間防衛隊的成員，雖然他們較為人所知的稱呼為「白 4

盔隊」 ，源自於他們在救援的過程中所戴的安全帽。白盔隊所有的成員都是自願者，並且 來自各個不同行業。這個組織沒有政治目的，他們竭盡所有的力氣去拯救衝突中各方人 員的性命，提供醫療救援給所有的人。事實上，這個組織的宗旨為「拯救一條生命，就 是拯救人類。」 他們的工作非常危險。據估計，近幾年來 3,000 名白盔隊的成員已經有 130 名成員身 亡。最近，Omar Khaled，一位 31 歲的白盔隊成員，因為在 2014 年一段救出「奇蹟寶寶」 的影片在網路上瘋傳而聞名，卻在今年的 8 月，在阿勒坡遭流彈擊中身亡。 但是同時，據估計，儘管必須冒著被轟炸和射擊的危險，白盔隊已經在敘利亞成功 地救出超過 56,000 人。也許這就是為什麼今年他們被提名為諾貝爾和平獎候選人的原 因。提名文中，白盔隊被讚許：「沒有支薪，沒有武裝，不管宗教信仰，不管政治立場， 白盔隊都會衝進爆炸現場，從瓦礫堆下救出敘利亞同胞」。提名文繼續寫道：「在全世界 最危險的地方搶救生命，他們的努力是值得敬畏的，他們的功績是值得受至高的尊敬的」 。 閱讀測驗解答：1. D 2. B

3. A 4. D 5. D

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