TAAD thesis process book 2018 by Junyi (Jolena) Yang

MFA Thesis Process Junyi (Jolena) Yang 2016-201 8

Junyi (Jolena) Yang 2016â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2018 MFA thesis process Thesis advisors Phil Hamlett David Scott

One

Introduction of food allergies 1–1 Background

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1–2 The problem

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Two Research

2–1 Question about food allergies

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2–2 Connections

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2–3 The audience

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2–4 The food allergies event

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2–5 The result for event

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Three

Insights & strategy

3–1 Insights

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3–2 Strategy chart

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3–3 Material matrix

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Four

TAAD identity

4–2 TA AD visual identity

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4–3 TA AD color guidlines

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4–4 TA AD typography

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4–5 TA AD illustration

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4–6 TA AD background shape

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4–7 TA AD visual development process

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4–1 TA AD logo development

Five

TAAD development 5–1 TA AD event

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5–2 TA AD food allergy book

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5–3 TA AD app

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5–4 TA AD website

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5–5 TA AD guidebook

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5–6 TA AD public service video

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JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

TAAD is a project to create an educational platform that encourages parents and communities to take care of toddlers who have food allergies.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Introduction of food allergies

1–1 Background

012

1–2 The problem

014

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

One

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EMERGENCY

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1-1 Background

Every three minutes, a food allergy reaction sends someone to the emergency room. TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Every year children are negatively affected by dangerous food. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a potential risk in our lives. More than 50 million Americans have an allergy of some kind. Food allergies are estimated to affect 4 to 6 percent of children and 4 percent of adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Educating families about toddler appropriate diets is vital.

1-2 Problem

The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reports that the prevalence of food allergy in children increased by 50 percent between 1997 and 2011. Food allergies are on the rise, affecting 15 million Americans. One in every 13 children has a food allergy—that’s about 2 in every U.S. classroom. However, parents and community members don’t know how to feed their babies who have food allergies appropriately. On the other hands, according to a new study published in the December issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACA AI), pesticides and tap water could be partially to blame. Therefore, Increasing awareness and educating people about food allergies is vital.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

New parents and community members need to be educated on how to feed babies with food allergies appropriately.

Two

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Research

016

2–2 Connections

026

2–3 The audience

032

2–4 The food allergies event

042

2–5 The result for event

050

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2–1 Question about food allergies

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JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

2–1 Questions about food allergies

It all started with asking many questions within my topic spectrum and then trying to find answers in articles, blogs, news, reviews, post, etc. The idea behind this was to investigate the scope of my topic.

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• Questions for clarification • Questions that probe assumptions • Questions about viewpoints and perspectives • Questions that probe implications or consequences • Questions about questions

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In this exercise, I developed a list of 50 questions based on the structure of Socratic questioning to investigate the scope of my topic. The structure had 6 major following categories:

Clarification Which food can not be fed to a toddler? Why can’t toddlers eat some kinds of foods? How can incorrect food choices affect toddler? Which food can cause an allergy? What symptom will have, when toddler get food allergy? What is the different between food allergies and food intolerance? What is infant botulism? Is food selection important for toddler? How can parents feed their children (under 5 years old ) safety? Which food can breastfeeding mothers not eat, when their children have a food allergy? What should parents do, when toddler have symptoms of food allergy? Which medicines parents can give toddler for the emergency of food allergy?

Questions that probe assumption What’s the benefit by correct food? Are you assuming that most new mothers don’t know how to feed their children property? If toddlers have a food allergies, how will that change family lifestyle? What should parents do if they think their children’s having an allergic reaction to food? If toddlers have food allergies, do their families spend more on food and why? Does a family with a food allergic child expend more time? Can food nutrition improve toddler Intelligence in the future? If toddlers enhance their immunity, will it decrease the possibility of food allergy? Does food selection help sick toddler? Does the environmental pollution increase the amount of food allergy?

Questions that probe reasons and evidence Are there some examples of incorrect food choices which affect toddler health? Is there any evidence to show toddlers need more health food? How Is food allergy diagnosed? How can we test for food allergy? Why do toddler need to eat different foods? Why do parents need to know which foods can not feed their toddler? What are the benefits, when parents document their children’s diet in a daily food log? Why food selection is important for children under 5 years old? Are there other reasons, food can damage toddler’s life aside from food allergy? What should the daycare and preschool do?

What does food selection imply? Is it necessary for toddlers to eat safely and health? What’s the benefit if toddlers eat health? When toddlers eat safely and health, does that mean they will have a health body? If parents do not care about food choices, what will probably happen? Why do more and more toddlers get food allergy? How does food become contaminated? How will it change the family relationship, when child has a food allergy? How do food allergies impact toddler’s psychology? How can graphic designers help toddler live healthy with food allergies?

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Questions that probe implication and consequences

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Do parents care if toddler are eat health or not? Do toddler outgrow food allergies? How can parents or pediatricians explain food allergies to toddler? How to keep balance between food variety and food safety? What is the benefit of exploring more variety of new tastes and textures? How does the timing of a child birth impact the allergies they develop? What are the effects of Vitamin D on the development of allergies? What are the effects of ways of birth on food allergies? Why do different countries people are allergic to different foods? How could pediatric dietitians help toddlers manage toddler’s food allergy? How could pediatricians and immunologists teach parents about food allergies?

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Questions about viewpoints and perspectives

Questions about the questions Do you think food selection is a problem? Can food allergy be treated? At what age should we start to explore a variety of new tastes and textures? How can food allergies be prevented? Why do we think food selection is important to toddlers growing up? How can designers become aware of parents’ attention to food allergies? How can I design material about teaching parents to feed their children safely? How can parents get information quickly and directly? How can we improve the current food label or other graphic tools to help food allergy family? Why do toddler’s friends and classmates not care about them?

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

2–2 Connections

The process began by identifying camps that impact my topic. The following were the camps I chose to explore further:

TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

• Environmental impact • Cultural impact • Economic impact • Personal impact • Societal impact Within each camp I identified three elements that were most intriguing and created a deck of cards using one word and image representing the word.

Environmental impact

Societal impact

Personal impact

Economic impact

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

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Cultural impact

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JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

2â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3 The audience

This exercise helped me identify and narrow my audience spectrum. The goal of this lab was to create set of 8 archetypes that I am trying to address. This helped me understand who they are, their demographic

The following part of this exercise was to create a set of 8 cards that resembles an artifact related to my topic.

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and ethnographic details, their preferences and their perspective. Most importantly what truly defines themâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;something that might that be evident at first glance.

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Audience 01

“

I must work hard to raise my kid. I know I can do it. When I born him, I understood I have the responsibility to take care him. Although we got hard time now, it will be better in the future.

Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

• • • • •

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

Work and take care her child together Cook for their child and herself Low salary No time to dress up--No fashion No extra relax

RED

Audience 02

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

“

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

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Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

YELLOW

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• Have professional knowledge • Work for food allergy field for almost 7yrs • Teach families anti-allergy diet • Like to share informations with workmate • Teach families food allergy prevention

I work on for food allergy prevention for a long time. I have confident to educate families how to raise your children. It is a funny job and I can meet different people every day.

Audience 03

“

• • • •

Reading is a good way to learn more. I believe and follow the modern doctor way to raise my baby. I hope my child can be the best.

Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

Fashionable and realistic woman Always premake lunches Follow the advices of modern doctors Reading books about how to educate and raise her children • Love social, take selfies with her kids and post on instagram or facebook • Do exercise everyday, sometimes even after the kids go to bed • Take music and dance session twice a week

VIOLET

Audience 04

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

“

• • • • • •

BLUE

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

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Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

All about his children Taking them to practice Doing his daughters hair style Making meals for them Reading book to them Always there when you need him

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Spending time with my son and daughter is the most happiness thing in the world. I want to take care every detail for them, even the hair cutting, education and food nutrition.

Audience 05

“

• No income • Graphic design graduate students • Research information from Internet (blog, web and book) • Discuss with friends about care child skills • Easier accept new things • Manage homework and housework together

I am a graduate school student. My son is 7 months. For me, everything for taking care baby is new. I want to learn more about it.

Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

ORANGE

Audience 06

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

“

• • • • • •

I love my kid and I want to get his my best. As long as he is healthy and happy, I can do anything for him. I really expect his coming.

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

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Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

GREEN

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Pregnant for 8 months Love children Expect for baby coming Prepare for baby shower Interest in baby care basic Take lesson about the benefit of breastfeeding • Learn food nutrition about toddlers

Outside of audience 01

“

• • • •

Old fashioned thinking Technophobe Stuck in their ways Always say you can’t do this. Because I raise 3 kids, you need to listen to me. • Spoil the children

Sometimes I suggest my daughter some skills from my experience and she don’t believe me. I raise 5 kids. I am right.

Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

WHITE

Outside of audience 02

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

“

No kids Both have high income No deposit High education Love life and travel Have special sight to view things

PINK

Junyi (Jolena) Yang Designer

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Toddler Appropriate Diets Project

”

• • • • • •

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My wife and I don’t want to have a kid. We want freedom and enjoy our life. Travel is the best thing in the world. You can learn about during the journey.

2â&#x20AC;&#x201C;4 The food allergies event

To generate deeper insights into my topic, Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll organized events to get together parents and caregivers to discuss the topic. For these events I created two major deliverables: event survey and an event report that includes the documentation of the event and distillation of this project.

Michelle Xue Business woman

Yingxin Pan Web designer

Frog Wu MPT

Danny Metzger Business man

Chole Pu Graphic designer

She is a mother. Her daughter is 23 months. She likes Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Italian food. She cooks for her daughter every day. She loves to share her child meals with others.

He is a father. He is Michelle’s husband. He likes Chinese, Korean, Indian and Japanese food. He has a lot of experiences about cooking for toddler. He thinks cooking is not just a mother’s work.

She and her husband are DINK(double income no kids). She likes Chinese, Korean and Japanese food. She doesn’t have any experience with children. She thinks she may have a child in the future, so she still needs to understand this knowledge.

He is Frog’s husband. He is DINK. He likes American, Chinese and Italian food. He is not good at cooking. He said that If he has a baby, he has a responsibility to learn how to cook for his baby.

She is a mother. Her daughter is 4 months. She likes Chinese, Korean and Japanese food. She doesn’t have experience about cooking for a toddler.

Stay-home mom

Tianye Shen

Landscape student

Haotian Nie Landscape student

Tiantian Ye Illustration student

He is a father. His son is 8 months. His favorite cuisine is Chinese. He love cook for his families. He wants to learn how to cook for toddler.

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Rex Que

He is a father. His son is 18 months. His favorite cuisine is Chinese. He has a lot of experience about cooking for a toddler.

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Web design student

She is a stay-home mother and Tianye’s wife. Her son is 18 months. She likes American, Chinese and Japanese food. She doesn’t know how to cook for her son, so she want to learn this knowledge.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Sherri Zhu

His favorite cuisine is Chinese. He likes child. Although he don’t have baby, he think he will have a baby in the future. He wants to prepare how to feed his baby.

She likes Chinese and Indian food. She is planning to have a baby next year.

2â&#x20AC;&#x201C;5 The results for event

Before I mentioned this problem, people even donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t release food allergy is a risk in their life.

Parents want to do their best to protect their baby.

There are too many information about food allergy, so people is confused about it.

Tailor advice to specific age groups is necessary.

Sharing own experiences is a really good way to get more information.

Teaching the whole families how to feed toddler is also important.

Taking care the little one is not just motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work.

People is prefer to cook by themselves for toddler than can food.

A ounce of prevention is worth a pound of care.

Most people think speaking with a pediatrician or dietitian is a waste of time.

THREE INSIGHTS: »

Before I mentioned this problem, people even don’t release food allergy is a risk in their life.

A ounce of prevention is worth a pound of care.

Tailor advice to specific age groups is necessary.

» »

“Do you know food allergy is fatal?” “I know it can make skin rash, have a cold or vomiting, but I don’t know it is fatal. I don’t release food allergy is a risk in our life, especially for toddler.”

» »

“Did you child get allergy before?” “Yes, egg give her allergy when she ate it in the first time.” “Did you go to hospital to test food allergy for your child after that?” “No, I just stop to feed her egg until she is one.”

» »

“I know peanut cause allergy, how about milk?” “I remember that milk can get allergy, but I see a lot of toddlers drink milk. I am confused now. How old toddlers can drink it? Oh, Does fish can get allergy?” “I don’t know. I have no idea which food can cause allergy for toddler. Fish is may dangerous food.

» »

» » » » » » » » » »

Before I mentioned this problem, people even don’t release food allergy is a risk in their life. There are too many information about food allergy, so people is confused about it. Sharing own experiences is a really good way to get more information. Taking care the little one is not just mother’s work. A ounce of prevention is worth a pound of care. Parents want to do their best to protect their baby. Tailor advice to specific age groups is necessary. Teaching the whole families how to feed toddler is also important. People is prefer to cook by themselves for toddler than can food. Most people think speaking with a pediatrician or dietitian is a waste of time.

3–1 Insights

058

3–2 Strategy chart

076

3–3 Material matrix

078

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Three

Insights & strategy

TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

01 People donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t realize food allergy is a serious problem.

Researchers estimate that up to 15 million Americans have food allergies, including 5.9 million children under age 18. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 1 in 13 children, or roughly two in every classroom. About 30 percent of children with food allergies are allergic to more than one food. About 40 percent of children with food allergies have experienced a severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis.

https://w w w.foodallergy.org /life-food-allergies/food-allergy-101/facts-and-statistics

30+70 40+60

30% of children are allergic to more than one food.

40% of children have experienced a severe allergic reaction.

New parents don’t know how to feed their allergic toddler appropriately.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

How can parents feed their children (under 5 years old) safely? Feeding young children can be a perplexing process.

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What’s on the menu for baby’s first meal? Rice cereal is a customary and safe first food, but most babies can tolerate a variety of foods, including pureed meats. There is no scientific evidence that supports introducing foods in a particular order. Infant cereals fortified with iron are another good choice for baby.

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When to Start Solid Foods? Your infant seems hungrier, and you’re wondering whether it’s time for more than breast milk or formula. Age is just one criteria for judging a child’s readiness. Before you offer solid foods, your baby should be capable of holding his or her head up, says Tanner-Blasiar. In addition, your infant should no longer have the “extrusion reflex”, which causes babies to push anything but liquid out of their mouths. Losing that instinctive urge allows a child to more readily accept spoonfuls of infant foods.

How Much Is Enough? The first few weeks of eating solid foods is more about becoming accustomed to spoon-feeding than meeting nutrient needs. After all, your baby is learning to negotiate food that he must keep in his mouth, work toward the back, and swallow. Children are born knowing how to regulate their food intake.

http://w w w.webmd.com/parenting /baby/features/what-to-feed-your-baby-toddler#2

03 Plenty of info exists, but Most of it is not helpful and not accurate. http://w w w.kidswithfoodallergies.org /page/welcome.aspx

http://acaai.org /news/

https://w w w.motherear thnews.com/real-food/chemical s-linked-to-food-allergies-zb0z1212zpor

new-guidelines-show-how-introduce-peanut-con-

http://acaai.org /allergies/who-has-allergies/children-allergies https://w w w.foodallergy.org /about-fare

taining-foods-reduce-allergy-risk

https://w w w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc /ar ticles/PMC 3 305716/

https://w w w.vitamindcouncil.org / new-study-finds-vitamin-d-deficienc y-is-related-to-foodallergies-and-eczema-in-infants/

https://w w w.babycentre.co.uk /a5 398 39/giving-your-toddler-a-balanced-diet http://kidshealth.org /en/kids/food-allergies. html?ref=search&W T.ac=msh-k-dtop-en-search-clk

http://w w w.kidswithfoodallergies.org /page/kfa-aafa-merger.aspx

https://w w w.mylittlemoppet.com/ 7-easy-ways-to-help-your-toddler-chew-food/

https://w w w.babycenter.com/0 _food-allergies _124 09.bc#ar ticlesection10 https://w w w.foodallergy.org /education-awareness/advocac y-resources/ food-label s

https://w w w.allergyuk.org /information-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms

https://w w w.healthline.com/desktop-ar ticle/food-poisoning?m= 0&variation=nolb&laz yloadscrolldepth= 4 0&stick y tim etlb1= 3&stick y tmr=tmr22,tmr2 3,tmr24&stick ydepthtmr=%7b%2522tmr22%2522:25,%2522tmr2 3%2522:%252025,%252 2tmr24%2522:%252025%7d&laz yloadviewpor tper ad=tmr27:4 00/tmr28:4 00/tmr29:4 00/tmr30:%2520 4 00/tmr31:4 00/ tmr32:4 00/tmr3 3:4 00/tmr3 4:4 00/tmr35:4 00/tmr36:4 00/tmr37:4 00/tmr3 8:4 00/tmr39:4 00/tmr4 0:4 00&r wd2#Causes 3

https://w w w.familyeducation.com/life/choking / top-9-choking-foods?slide=2

https://w w w.allergyuk.org /information-and-advice/ conditions-and-symptoms/36-food-allergy

https://brighamhealthhub.org / new-evidence-that-peanut-allergy-can-be-prevented?utm _ source= ggl&utm _ medium= cpc&utm _content=Peanut _ Allergy_|_ Food _ Allergy&utm _campaign=BWH _ National _-_US _-_ Non-Br and _-_ Peanut _ Allergy&gclid= Cj0KEQiAuonGBRCaot Xoyc ysvIMBEiQ AcxV0nKBg8EedsBCY KE3Ejoll Sm2 _ AHZk zWtf x _1L9Je4iuca Aitz8P 8HAQ

Water pollution may cause increased amount of food allergies. Increased 50%

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reports that the prevalence of food allergy in children increased by 50 percent between 1997 and 2011. Why do more and more toddlers get food allergy?

1997

“Our research shows that high levels of dichlorophenol-containing pesticides can possibly weaken food tolerance in some people, causing food allergy,” said allergist Elina Jerschow, M.D., M.Sc., ACA AI fellow and lead study author. “This chemical is commonly found in pesticides used by farmers and consumer insect and weed control products, as well as tap water.”

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The study reported that high levels of dichlorophenols, a chemical used in pesticides and to chlorinate water, when found in the human body, are associated with food allergies.

2011

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Among 10,348 participants in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006), 2,548 had dichlorophenols measured in their urine and 2,211 were included into the study. Food allergy was found in 411 of these participants, while 1,016 had an environmental allergy. “Previous studies have shown that both food allergies and environmental pollution are increasing in the United States,” said Dr. Jerschow. “The results of our study suggest these two trends might be linked, and that increased use of pesticides and other chemicals is associated with a higher prevalence of food allergies.”

http://w w w.motherear thnews.com/real-food/chemicals-linked-to-food-allergies-zb0z1212zpor https://w w w.foodallergy.org/life-food-allergies/food-allergy-101/facts-and-statistics

05 Family lifestyle will influence a toddlers diet and could trigger food allergies.

Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods from all food groups. It means choosing fewer foods that have lots of fats and sugar. But it does not mean that your child cannot eat desserts or other treats now and then. With a little planning, you can create a structure that gives your child (and you) the freedom to make healthy eating choices. Think of this as planning not just for the kids but for everyone in your family. • Getting started with your young child • Planning meals and snacks • Encouraging healthy choices

https://w w w.webmd.com/parenting/tc/healthy-eating-for-children-changing-your-familys-eating-habits#1

06 JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Preventing food allergies is ever better than trying to cure them.

Is there anything I can do to prevent or delay a food allergy? This is the million-dollar question. In the past, the American Academy of Pediatrics (A AP) suggested delaying the introduction of certain foods in children who seemed likely to have allergies because their parents had allergies. But practices in other cultures – and recent research – suggest that might not be the best course of action.

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Experts are now suggesting you introduce new foods, including potential allergens, starting at 4 to 6 months of age, after some other typical foods have been started (such as fruits and vegetables and cereals). Introduce the new foods, including the potential allergens, one at a time, so if your child has a reaction you’ll know what he’s reacting to.

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The A AP now says there’s no solid evidence that waiting to introduce allergenic foods protects children from developing an allergy. In fact, delaying the introduction of allergenic foods may actually raise the risk of food allergies. If you think your child is likely to have a food allergy, talk with his doctor about the best strategy.

Don’t give your child cow’s milk until he’s 12 months old, but other dairy products are fine. Breastfeeding may offer some protection against allergies. Consider breastfeeding your baby as long as you can, especially if you have a family history of allergies.

https://w w w.babycenter.com/0_food-allergies _12409.bc#ar ticlesection9

07 Most people think speaking with a pediatrician or dietitian is a waste of time.

In the first few years of your child’s life, it seems there’s always another doctor visit around the corner. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that you take your child in for at least nine checkups during the first three years. Several well-child visits happen during your baby’s first year. Then, between ages 12 and 24 months, your toddler should have about three more.

https://w w w.babycenter.com/well-child-checkups-12-24-months

Fathers can have a huge impact on developing the good habit of their children.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Fathers play a huge role in the choices their children make, and according to a new study, those choices include the food they eat.

The study found that fathers also influenced how often children ate in fast-food restaurants in other ways. Children whose fathers were more authoritarian were more likely to eat junk food. The children of fathers who believed they didn’t have a lot of control at work and who also placed less value on family meal time were also more likely to eat in fast-food restaurants.

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“By far the biggest influence on how often children ate out was the number of times fathers did,” said lead author Alex McIntosh, a professor of sociology at Texas A&M University in College Station. “Fathers’ time in and use of fast-food restaurants increased a kid’s likelihood of going to a fast-food restaurant.”

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Researchers analyzed the eating-out habits of more than 300 families with children ages 9 to 11 or 13 to 15. They found that how often fathers ate in fast-food and in full-service restaurants influenced how often their children ate in the same places.

Countless studies show the importance of the father’s role in early childhood and it is now considered to be an important factor in a child’s overall social competence, social initiative, social maturity and the capacity to relate to others. Every child needs an involved and loving father. Fathers provide both physical and psychological support and this can even be seen in the animal kingdom. Consider a penguin family. The emperor penguin, who is the father, takes responsibility for keeping the eggs warm throughout the freezing winter months when the female, whose nutritional level may be depleted after laying eggs, goes to the deep sea for up to two months. There is an old saying that “one father is more than a hundred school masters”.

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/fathers-big-influence-childrens-eating-habits-study/stor y?id=13535960 https://w w w.thenational.ae/opinion/a-father-s-role-in-a-child-s-life-is-about-more-than-paying-the-bills-1.96060

09 Tailoring advice to specific age groups is necessary.

Prenatal Pregnancy is a time of anticipation, excitement, preparation, and, for many new parents, uncertainty. The nine months of pregnancy will give you time to have your questions answered, calm your fears, and prepare yourself for the realities of parenthood. This section contains some guidelines to help you with the most important of these preparations. Baby: 0-12 mos.Baby It doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take long to develop the confidence and calm of an experienced parent. Your baby will give you the most important informationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;how she likes to be treated, talked to, held, and comforted. This section address the most common questions and concerns that arise during the first months of life. Toddler: 1-3 yrs.Toddler Your child is advancing from infancy toward and into the preschool years. During this time, his physical growth and motor development will slow, but you can expect to see some tremendous intellectual, social, and emotional changes.

https://w w w.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/Pages/default.aspx

Sharing our own experiences is a really good way to get more information.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

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11 Food allergies among children can cause parents to be too over-protective.

Everyone seems to recognize that overprotective parenting is obnoxious. Most agree that it is probably not good for children. And yet, the trend toward so-called â&#x20AC;&#x153;helicopter parentingâ&#x20AC;? grows stronger each year. Helicopter parenting is rising as a parenting style, as more and more parents have a harder time allowing their children to learn independence and self-sufficiency. The phrase, originating in 1969, became popular when Generation X parents began sending their kids off to school, where an estimated 60% of parents stayed helicopter parents according to Yellowbrickâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research.

60+40

60% of parents stayed helicopter parents

Communication amongst family on the right way to feed a child is a challenge.

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What should parents do if they think their children’s having an allergic reaction to food?

If your child consistently has symptoms within two hours of eating a certain food, talk with his doctor. You may be referred to a pediatric allergist for testing. An allergist should be able to tell you which food or foods are causing the problem and whether the symptoms are part of an immune reaction (indicating an allergy) or are a sign that your child’s unable to digest the food (indicating a food intolerance).

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Severe allergic reactions are nothing to fool around with. Your child’s airway can close up within minutes, so don’t call the doctor to get advice or drive your child to the emergency room. You need paramedics on the scene as soon as possible.

TA AD

If your child ever seems to be having trouble breathing, has swelling of the face or lips, or develops severe vomiting or diarrhea after eating, call 911 or your local emergency number right away.

Once your child has had an allergic reaction to a food, you’ll want to be prepared in case it happens again. Even if the first reaction was mild, the next one might be severe. Your child’s doctor can provide you with an action plan, including instructions on how to manage an allergic reaction. The doctor may recommend that you carry an epinephrine autoinjector, which delivers an emergency shot of epinephrine. The doctor can prescribe one and show you how to use in case of a reaction. These devices automatically administer the right dose of epinephrine to stop an allergic reaction. Point out the kinds of foods that could hide the substance and ask caregivers to double-check ingredients. Also make sure caregivers know exactly what to do if your child does have an allergic reaction. http://w w w.babycenter.com/0_food-allergies _12409.bc

13 The Legibility of food label and ingredients also can decrease food allergies.

How can food allergies be prevented? • Don’t introduce solid foods before your baby is 17-weeks-old. • Continue breastfeeding. • Limit packaged foods. • Introduce new foods at least four days apart. • Check lotion ingredients for peanut oil.

http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/food-allergies.html#

Cooking at home can decrease the probability of food allergy.

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Food away from homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share of total food expenditures rose to 50.1 percent in 2014, surpassing at-home food sales for the first time in 2014. During the 2007-09 recession and its aftermath, food away from homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share of total food spending fell from 49.0 percent in 2007 to 48.5 percent in 2008 and did not rebound to its pre-recession share until 2012. TA AD

https://w w w.evernote.com/shard/s597/nl /105814058/ee3a8021-af41-4ce5-969d-7b7b8a92bde3/

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

15 Food quality influences the amount of food allergy for toddler directly.

What should parents do if they think their children’s having an allergic reaction to food?

Food allergies are on the rise, affecting 15 million Americans. And according to a new study published in the December issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI), pesticides and tap water could be partially to blame. The study reported that high levels of dichlorophenols, a chemical used in pesticides and to chlorinate water, when found in the human body, are associated with food allergies. “Our research shows that high levels of dichlorophenol-containing pesticides can possibly weaken food tolerance in some people, causing food allergy,” said allergist Elina Jerschow, M.D., M.Sc., ACAAI fellow and lead study author. “This chemical is commonly found in pesticides used by farmers and consumer insect and weed control products, as well as tap water.”

http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/food-allergies.html#

How to keep the balance between protecting your kids who have food allergies but letting them live their lives.

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Protecting our children from every possible harm, emotional as well as physical is the most fundamental parental urge. It is as essential as loving and nurturing them. On the other hand, our children need skills to navigate in this hectic world and be able to recognize the potentially dangerous situations.

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

• Create a safe space • Explain the consequences • Teach them about safe and dangerous environment • Inform without scaring • Teach them to use communication tools • Allow them to fail

TA AD

How can we expect them to acquire all those skills if we keep protecting them?

http://w w w.greenchildmagazine.com/protect-without-being-overprotective/

17 It takes a community—not just mothers to help keep foods that cause allergies away from toddlers that suffers from those allergies. The person who makes the choice to bring a peanut then that’s their choice to sit at the table and the person who doesn’t have the choice the peanut allergy is an ostracize. This goes back to your being careful but inclusive right.

“It’s absolutely true you can have a milk allergy and egg allergy and you can have a serve of a reaction to those foods as you can to peanut. we do see more kids having more severe reactions with peanut, but it doesn’t mean that you can’t have a servere reaction with another food. The other thing is that the peanut free table is something that I think we need to rethink. A child who has a food allergy it’s not their choice. It’s biological, genetic and to imagine that child has to sit away from his friends on a daily basis. It is not the best thing for a psychosocial health for his or her cycle social health. Therefore, we’re actually now advocating having peanut tables if you bring a peanut butter and jelly sandwich to school that day you sit at the peanut table. The child who has a food allergy doesn’t get ostracized on a daily basis for the rest of their school life.” –Stephanie Ann Leonard,MD, Assistant professor of pediatrics, UC San Diego

https://w w w.youtube.com/watch? v=dZHGzTr x wjE&t=86s

The impact of food allergy extends beyond the sufferer, it also effects the quality of life for the people around them.

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Why is it important to measure the impact of food allergy on quality of life?

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

http://w w w.foodallergens.info/Facts/More/Social _impact _ paper_Final.pdf

TA AD

Individuals with food allergy develop symptoms after eating foods that for the vast majority of the population are part of a healthy diet. The only way for the allergic individual to manage food allergy is to avoid eating the food that causes the allergic reaction. The quality of life of the food allergic individual may be seriously impaired. The impact also extend to the family and friends of the allergic individual, as all have to be vigilant to protect the allergic individual from the foods to which he or she is (or believes to be) allergic.

3â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 Strategy chart & material matrix

Topic area:

Outcome:

Audience:

Toddlers Appropriate Diet

Educating new parents and family

Primary audience // Parents

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Strategy chart

members on how to appropriately feed their babies.

Preventing food allergies is even better than not knowing about them.

It takes a community—not just mothers to help keep foods that cause allergies away from toddlers that suffers from those allergies.

Strategies:

Increase peoples’ awareness about childhood food allergies.

Educating new parents before their children explore more foods.

Instilling responsibility into immediate caregivers about modeling their food choices.

Deliverables:

An event that includes a set of informational and promotional materials alerting people to toddlers food allergies.

A comprehensive and new publication to introduce food allergy and educate new parents and family members how to feed their babies appropriately.

An extensive resource about food allergies that promotes a positive approach to life and health.

Campaign & Event:

Publication:

Resources:

»» Campaign poster »» Food allergy event

»» Food allergy book »» Website »» APP

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

People don’t realize that food allergies are a serious problem.

TA AD

Insights:

»» Guide book for family members, teachers, restaurant workers. »» Commercial video

Material matrix

Campaign & event Campaign Posters

0.5 points

A series of posters promote awareness about food allergies in toddlers. Telling people there is an event about it.

3 points

Event:

Posters A series of posters talks about food allergies in event.

Name tag To distinguish event’s staff and guests.

Giveaways–food allergen cards Free gifts that people can bring home from this event.

Giveaways–food pins Free gifts that people can bring home from this event. Giveaways–food allergy bracelet Free gifts that people can bring home from this event.

Material matrix 2 points

Publication Book Information about food allergies.

1 points

Website Provide information about food allergies as well as a place to let parents share experiences.

1 points

APP A easy way to document and record reactions and also a food log for families and pediatricians.

0.5 points

APP video A short promo video to promote the app.

Material matrix 1 points

Resource Guidebooks Guiding different groups people who surround toddlers.

1 points

Video A public service video which appeals people to take more responsibility for toddlers with food allergies.

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TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Four

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TAAD identity

4–2 TA AD visual identity

088

4–3 TA AD color guidlines

094

4–4 TA AD typography

096

4–5 TA AD illustration

098

4–6 TA AD background shape

106

4–7 TA AD visual development process

110

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

086

TA AD

4–1 TA AD logo development

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TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1 TAAD logo development

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TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 TAAD visual identity

The brand is called TA AD, it stands for toddler allergy appropriate diet. TA AD is about toddlers who have food allergies. TA AD educates parents and community members how to have an appropriate diet for allergy prone toddlers.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

TA AD MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3 TAAD color guidelines

I use high contrast and a bright color palette in this visual system because the second target audience are toddlers. Although food allergies is a serious topic, I want to use a cute and light way to convey this problem.

HEX #f4e3be

HEX #ec8571

RGB 244 227 190

RGB 236 133 113

CMYK 49 9 27 0

CMYK 4 58 52 0

Pantone P 10-9 C

Pantone P 48-11 C

Pantone P 10-9 U

Pantone P 48-11 U

HEX #ea4934

HEX #eda820

RGB 234 73 52

RGB 237 168 32

CMYK 2 87 87 0

CMYK 6 37 100 0

Pantone P 45-7 C

Pantone P 14-8 C

Pantone P 45-7 U

Pantone P 14-8 U

HEX #07b597

HEX #7eabb4

RGB 4 180 151

Pantone P 133-6 C

RGB 126 171 180

Pantone P 123-10 C

CMYK 76 1 53 0

Pantone P 133-6 U

CMYK 53 21 26 0

Pantone P 123-10 U

HEX #122d50

HEX #275890

RGB 18 45 80

Pantone P 108-16 C

CMYK 100 85 40 37

Pantone P 108-16 U

RGB 39 88 144

Pantone P 105-15 C

CMYK 92 70 18 4

Pantone P 105-15 U

4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;4 TAAD typography

TAAD For headline use

Rockwell Nova Bold ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG TA AD

Din Medium

For subtitle use

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

MFA THE SIS PROCE SS

Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZ

0123456789

Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Din Regular

For bodycopy use

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZ

0123456789

4–5 TAAD illustrations style

All the illustrations are created by organic shapes with hand-drawing style. This style is similar to a toddlers’ drawing style. I also use high contrast colors to increase the toddlers’ attention.

Food illustrations

Symptom illustrations

102

4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;6 TAAD background shapes

106

4–7 TAAD visual development process The TAAD food allergy book Facts

Prevention & Delay

Food Allergy Facts

What is Food Allergy?

Allergy Symptom

Is There Anything I Can Do to Prevent Or

Delay A Food Allergy? Take Steps to Avoid Allergic Reactions

New Guidelines to Help Prevent Food Allergy in Children

Do Kids Outgrow Food Allergies?

9 Tips for Avoiding Cross-Contact of Food Allergens

Can Food Allergies Be Treated?

Causes What Are the Most Frequent Food Allergens?

Food Labels

Living With Food Allergy The impact of food allergy on quality of life

Mental Health Concerns Among Youth With Food Allergy

Common Questions

Taad

Chapter One_Facts

Taad

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Chapter One_Facts

What Will The Doctor Do?

The Reason

How Can You Manage Your Toddler’s Food Allergy?

Chemical Pollutants and Food Allergy

Talking to Children About Their Food Allergy

Pesticides in Tap Water

What Is the Different Between Food Allergy, Food Intolerance And Food Poisoning?

How Do You Know If Your Baby Has A Food Allergy?

Chapter Two_Causes

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Allergy symptoms CHAPTER Reactions can range from mild to severe, including the potentially life-threatening condition anaphylaxis.

Symptoms typically appear within minutes to several hours after eating the food to which you are allergic. An allergic reaction to food can affect the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract and, in the most serious cases, the cardiovascular system. An allergic reaction typically triggers symptoms in the nose, lungs, throat, sinuses, ears, lining of the stomach or on the skin. For some people, allergies can also trigger symptoms of asthma. In the most serious cases, a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis can occur.

Remember that reactions can be unpredictable. The first signs of a reaction can be mild, but symptoms can worsen quickly. And what caused a mild reaction one time can lead to a severe reaction the next time.

A number of different allergens are responsible for allergic reactions. The most common include: • Pollen • Dust • Food • Insect stings Animal dander • Mold • Medications • Latex

• Swelling of lips or eyelids

• Asthma

• Coughing

• Diarrhea

• Vomiting

Mild to moderate symptoms may include one or more of the following

Severe symptoms may include one or more of the following Swelling of the lips, tongue, and/or throat that blocks breathing • Trouble swallowing • Shortness of breath or wheezing • Turning blue • Drop in blood pressure (feeling faint, confused, weak, passing out) • Loss of consciousness • Chest pain • A weak or “thready” pulse • Sense of “impending doom”

Causes

“Awareness is the greatest agent for change.” —Eckhart Tolle

• Colic

Keep in mind that children may communicate their symptoms differently than adults. Learn more about how a child might describe a reaction.

• Hives (reddish, swollen, itchy areas on the skin) • Eczema flare (a persistent dry, itchy rash) • Redness of the skin, particularly around the mouth or eyes • Itchy mouth or ear canal • Nausea or vomiting • Diarrhea • Stomach pain • Nasal congestion or a runny nose • Sneezing • Slight, dry cough • Odd taste in mouth

Severe symptoms, alone or combined with milder symptoms, may be signs of life-threatening anaphylaxis. This requires immediate treatment.

The most common food allergies in infants and children are eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, soy and wheat. Children may outgrown some allergies (egg, milk and soy) but may be less likely to outgrow others (peanut, tree nuts, fish and shellfish).

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, and your anaphylaxis plan should be individualized by your healthcare provider. Delays in administering epinephrine for severe or persistent symptoms can be very dangerous, especially when the delay is an hour or longer.

What Are the Most Frequent Food Allergens?

Food Labels

• Skin Rash

https://www.foodallergy.org/life-with-food-allergies/food-allergy-101/symptoms-of-an-allergic-reaction-to-food

Taad

Chapter Three_Common Question

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

Chapter Three_Common Question

What will the doctor do?

How can you manage your toddler’s food allergy?

How do you know if your baby has a food allergy?

Many people react to a certain food but are not actually allergic. For example, people with lactose intolerance get belly pain and diarrhea from milk and other dairy products. That doesn’t mean they’re allergic to milk. They don’t feel good after drinking milk because their bodies can’t properly break down the sugars found in milk.

Doctors believe that allergies could be hereditary, which means if your parent or another close relative has certain allergies like hay fever, you’re more likely to develop the allergies. Some kids may develop food allergies while they are still babies, while others develop food allergies over time. This may be due to someone’s surroundings or changes in the body as they grow older.

If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out.

possibly, other common allergy-causing foods to see if you react to any of them. (A liquid extract is a liquid version of something that usually isn’t liquid.)

If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom (such as hives). The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions, such as eczema or asthma.

The doctor will make a little scratch on your skin (it will be a quick pinch) and drop a little of the liquid extract on the scratched spot or spots. Different extracts will go on the different scratch spots, so the doctor can see how your skin reacts to each substance. If you get a reddish, raised spot, it shows that you are allergic to that food or substance.

Taad

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Some doctors may also take a blood sample and send it to a lab. That’s where it will be mixed with some of the food or substance you may be allergic to and checked for certain antibodies.

01/

Involve Your Child

Weaning and Food Allergy The Department of Health recommends that high allergenic foods: Milk, eggs, wheat, gluten, soya, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, seeds can be introduced from 6 months of age. There is no evidence to support delaying introduction of these foods after 6 months. They should be introduced one at a time, with a gap of 3 days in between each new food, so that it is easier to identify any food that causes a reaction. Make sure your child is well at the time of introduction, i.e. not when they have a temperature, just had a vaccination, or have a cough or a cold.

The allergist might want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble. The allergist will use a liquid extract of the food and,

Once your baby has had several attempts at eating the individual foods, you can start mixing them to increase the variety and enjoyment of eating. It may be helpful to keep a food and symptom diary (a food diary template can be found at the bottom of the page) to identify any foods that may have triggered a reaction. By the age of 12 months at the latest, your baby should have been introduced to all the major allergenic foods (where appropriate).

RECOGNISE THE SYMPTOMS OF AN ALLERGIC REACTION

A food allergy diagnosis can be overwhelming enough for an adult. This experience is even more daunting for a child. Young children may struggle to comprehend what is going on with their bodies and not have the words to fully describe how they feel physically or emotionally. Through clear communication, you can help your child understand what it means to have a food allergy and how to stay safe. This is a skill that will serve him or her well in the future.

03/ KNOW WHAT TO DO IF IT HAPPENS AGAIN

http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/food-allergies.html?W T.ac=ctg%23

Taad

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

Is there anything i can do to prevent or delay a food allergy? This is the million-dollar question. In the past, the American Academy of

been started (such as fruits and vegetables and cereals). Introduce the new

Pediatrics (A AP) suggested delaying the introduction of certain foods in children

foods, including the potential allergens, one at a time, so if your child has a

who seemed likely to have allergies because their parents had allergies. But practices in other cultures – and recent research – suggest that might not be the best course of action. The A AP now says there’s no solid evidence that waiting to introduce allergenic foods protects children from developing an allergy. In fact, delaying the introduction of allergenic foods may actually raise the risk of food allergies. If you think your child is likely to have a food allergy, talk with his doctor about the best strategy. Experts are now suggesting you introduce new foods, including potential allergens, starting at 4 to 6 months of age, after some other typical foods have

reaction you’ll know what he’s reacting to. Don’t give your child cow’s milk until he’s 12 months old, but other dairy products are fine. Breastfeeding may offer some protection against allergies. Consider breastfeeding your baby as long as you can, especially if you have a family history of allergies.

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

The only way to avoid an allergic reaction • Educate family, friends, and others who is for your child to stay away from foods will be with your child about your child’s

By Beth Fontenot, M.S., R.D., L.D.N. from thedoctorwillseeyounow.com

reaction. For example, people and pets who have eaten an allergen recently can pass it on to your child through their saliva. Here are some steps you can take:

allergies. Be sure to tell your child’s school and anyone responsible for your child about his or her food allergies. • Teach your child how to manage his or her food allergies. You can start teaching your child even at a young age. When old The report also presents research showing how gradual and early exposure to a variety of foods can prevent food allergies rather than cause them. The recommendations also mean that women who are pregnant and mothers who are breastfeeding are freer to eat what they want. Your baby is seven months old. You have introduced her to solid foods, and she is healthy and happy, sitting up, and about to start crawling. Should you feed her a little scrambled egg? A few years ago the answer would have been no. But today, the answer is go ahead. Basic foods like rice or oat cereal, fruits, and vegetables should be introduced when babies are between four and six months of age, according to the new guidelines. The best way to prevent food allergies, according to a new report by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (A A A AI) is to expose babies to more foods early, rather than delaying them. The recommendations, based on several studies and expert opinions, are a complete reversal of the guidelines of a decade ago.

https://www.parents.com/health/allergies/food/new-guidelines-to-help-prevent-food-allergy-in-children/

The American Academy of Pediatrics published guidelines in 2000 recommending that infants not consume milk until they were 1 year old, eggs until age 2, and peanuts, tree nuts, fish, or shellfish until their third birthdays. There was no evidence that delaying those foods prevented eczema and food allergies, so in 2008 those guidelines were changed. But it was unclear when and how to begin giving those foods to young children. As a result, many parents were confused about how to protect their children and remained cautious. Mothers-to-be cut certain foods out of their diets and left them out as they began nursing. The 2013 report recommends that basic foods like rice or oat cereal, fruits, and vegetables should be introduced when babies are between 4 and 6 months of age, according to these new guidelines.

• First, explain that certain foods can make them very sick. Use simple terms such as “safe food” and “unsafe food.” • Next, teach them the names of unsafe foods and what they commonly look like. Point out gallons of milk, cartons of eggs or bags of peanuts in the grocery store. Show them pictures of foods that are unsafe foods online, in books or in magazines. • Then, teach them to only eat foods given to them by their parents or other trusted adults. These other people can be a babysitter or grandparent—anyone who knows about their food allergies and is trusted to care for them. • Finally, they should know to find an adult if they feel sick or need help. You can also explain your emergency plan in case they have an allergic reaction. Tell them this means giving them medicine and then going to the doctor.

The A A A AI recommends that allergenic foods like eggs and cow's milk be given for the first time at home, rather than at day care or in a restaurant and can be introduced after an infant has successfully tolerated a few of the basic complementary foods.

It is, of course, important that your child realizes food allergies are serious. But it is equally important that you try to remain calm when discussing their allergies. You do not want to unnecessarily scare him or her. When you have a positive tone about food allergies, children will follow your lead.

Find Friends Kids who have food allergies may feel that they are different because of it. Emphasize that there are millions of children and adults who have food allergies just like them—in fact, 1 in 13 kids in the U.S. has a food allergy.

Involve your child from an early age. Openly model food allergy management behaviors, such as reading food labels and always carrying epinephrine auto-injectors. This will help them learn from your behavior and teach them skills they will use as they grow older. For example: • Use “we” rather than “I” statements: “We should read the ingredients to be sure this food won’t make you sick.” • Explain food allergy management out loud. A simple statement before leaving the house such as “We have our medicine kit with us, so now we’re ready to leave!” can help reinforce that you do not go anywhere without their medication. • Involve your children in grocery shopping and making meals that are safe for him or her to eat. • Prompt your child to show others his or her medical identification. This is a good way to get him or her used to telling

New guidelines to help prevent food allergy in children

that have caused symptoms. Even traces of an allergen can cause an allergic

Keep Calm Some parents may, understandably, feel anxious or fearful about allergic reactions because they know that allergic reactions can be life-threatening. Remember, children watch their parents to understand how to react to stressful situations. So your children may feel nervous or fearful themselves if they observe these feelings in you.

Take steps to avoid allergic reactions

enough, teach your child to read labels. • Learn how to read food labels for ingrediAlso teach your child how and when to ents your child is allergic to. Read the use an epinephrine autoinjector, and to label every time you buy a product, even tell an adult if he or she is having an if you’ve used that product before. allergic reaction. Food ingredients in any given product • After the diagnosis, focus on what safe may change. foods your child can have, rather than • Ask about ingredients in foods that other what he or she can’t have. Start with plain people make for your child. foods with simple ingredients. From • Avoid passing allergens to foods that there you can look for new recipes that are safe for your child to eat by washing use safe ingredients. your hands and your child’s hands with soap and water before handling food. Prepare and serve foods with clean utensils and other kitchen items and on clean surfaces.

Start Simple For young children, introduce a few concepts at a time. Start with the most important things they should know to be safe:

others about food allergies. Make it a part of your everyday conversation Food allergies affect the whole family, not just the child. Talk to them about their experiences. Help them to understand that a food allergy is a unique part of who they are. Role-play scenarios. Cook allergy-friendly recipes together. Don’t be afraid to have an open dialogue with your child! Remember, knowledge is power. An open dialogue will better prepare your food-allergic child to navi-

Help them identify and connect with peers and role models with food allergies. One way of doing this is by getting your child involved with community activities and events, such as the FARE’s Food Allergy Heroes Walk. Another idea is to join an online or in-person support group. A group like this can provide advice specific to your community, such as suggestions for local restaurants, products and events. Search FARE’s

https://www.foodallergy.org/life-with-food-allergies/newly-diagnosed/talking-to-children-about-their-food-allergy

https://www.allergyuk.org/information-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/42-childhood-food-allergy

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

gate the road ahead.

It’s tempting to manage food allergies for your child in a “behind the scenes” fashion. But it’s important that children appreciate why you do certain things to keep them safe.

Through clear communication, you can help your child understand what it means to have a food allergy and how to stay safe.

02/

It’s important to remember that even though the doctor tests for food allergies by exposing you to a very small amount of the food, you should not try this at home! The best place for an allergy test is at the doctor’s office, where the staff is specially trained and could give you medicine right away if you had a serious reaction.

Chapter Three_Common Question

Talking to toddler about their food allergy

IDENTIFY AND AVOID THE CAUSE (IF POSSIBLE)

Managing a food allergy in children or babies can be stressful not only for the child but also for the parents. There are 3 key things to be on top of when it comes to managing a food allergy:

Sometimes it’s easy to figure out that a kid has a food allergy. He or she might get hives or have other problems after eating it. But other times, what’s causing the problem is more of a mystery. Most foods have more than one ingredient, so if a kid has shrimp with peanut sauce, what’s causing the allergy —the peanut sauce or the shrimp?

Taad

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT FOOD ALLERGIES, ACCORDING TO BY THE AAAAI IS TO EXPOSE BABIES TO MORE FOODS EARLY, RATHER THAN DELAYING THEM.

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

But this should not be interpreted as permission to replace formula or breast

It should be noted, though, that both peanuts and peanut butter are choking

milk with cow's milk. That should be avoided until after the first birthday for

hazards in infants and young children, and a child who has a sibling with peanut

reasons unrelated to food allergy. Infants who ate eggs at 4 to 6 months appeared to have a lower risk of egg allergy than infants who first ate eggs later in life. And according to yet another study, children whose parents avoided feeding them peanut butter had a ten-fold higher rate of peanut allergy than those whose parents offered it.

allergy should be tested before eating peanuts because they are seven times more likely to have a peanut allergy. Lastly, a study found that feeding an infant fish before the age of 9 months reduced the risk of eczema at 1 year of age.

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

No one understands why, but food allergies in children are an increasing occurrence. At this time, about five percent of preschoolers in the United States have been diagnosed with a food allergy. The foods that cause 90 percent of allergic reactions in the United States are milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, soy, and wheat.

Introducing foods early can actually prevent food allergy in infants and children. Two studies found that there was a higher rate of wheat allergy in 5-year-olds who had not been fed wheat until after they were 6 months old. Another found that delaying wheat in the diet until the age of 6 months did not protect against wheat allergy. The report offers a review of a number of studies, including one which showed that small amounts of cow's milk in foods like baked goods, cheese, or yogurt appear to be safe to feed infants before the age of 1.

https://www.babycenter.com/0_food-allergies_12409.bc

Taad

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

Chapter Five_Living with Food Allergy

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Can food allergies be treated?

Taad

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Chapter Five_Living with Food Allergy

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

The impact of food allergy on quality of life

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By Pia Nørhede

There are a number of promising approaches under study, and better treatments are likely to be available in the next few years, says Scott Sicherer, professor of pediatrics, allergy and immunology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. At this time, however, there are no medications that cure or prevent allergic reactions to foods, and the allergy shots used for hay fever don’t work for food allergies. The key to preventing an allergic reaction is strict avoidance of the food. Avoiding a particular food is trickier than it sounds. Foods show up in unlikely places, and even a little bit may be enough to trigger a severe reaction. Most people who have a severe reaction have eaten a food they thought was safe.

You’ll have to become vigilant about reading food labels, knowing which ingredients to avoid, and asking about ingredients in restaurant dishes or food at friends’ homes.

The proteins that cause the allergy can be passed on in your breast milk. So you may need to give up the offending food yourself if you’re nursing a baby with a food allergy.

Food manufacturers are required by law to list these top food allergens on product labels: eggs, milk, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and crustacean shellfish (crab, shrimp, and lobster but not mollusks like clams, oysters, or squid). Nuts, fish, and shellfish must be named specifically.

And if you’re formula-feeding a baby who seems to be allergic to cow’s milk, you may need to change formulas. Some babies who are allergic to cow’s milk are also allergic to soy, though, so it’s important to discuss the situation with your child’s doctor before making any kind of change.

All the allergens must be listed in plain language. For example, the label has to say “egg” instead of “albumin” or “egg” in parentheses after “albumin.” If you’re unsure about a product’s ingredients, call the manufacturer.

If your child has been diagnosed with a food allergy, you’ll want to learn all you can about it – including exactly which foods to avoid, how to read labels, and how to recognize the early signs of an allergic reaction.

Living With Food Allergy When someone develops a food allergy, everyone in the family must learn to adapt. TAAD has information and resources that will help you to stay safe and live well—today and every day.

If your child is avoiding many foods, talk with his doctor about seeing a dietitian, to make sure the nutrients in his diet are adequate.

Why is it important to measure the impact of food allergy on quality of life?

The impact of food allergy on quality of life

Mental Health Concerns Among Youth With Food Allergy

A questionnaire that can measure the impact of food allergy on quality of life may serve several purposes. The questionnaire can be used to:

EuroPrevall will develop and apply new questionnaires, which will provide new insights into the impacts of food allergies and will help governments, the food industry and doctors to identify the most effective strategies to improve the quality of life of food allergic consumers.

Approximately 4-6% of children and 1-3% of adults are diagnosed with food allergy. However, up to 22% of the adult population believe that they are allergic towards one or more foods. Whether they are truly allergic or not they will have dietary restrictions, which may have an impact on their quality of life. For that reason, the quality of life of a large part of the population may be affected by food allergy.

• Identify the quality of life problems associated with food allergy and the magnitude of the problem. It is necessary to identify the quality of life problems in order for governments, the food industry, or health care professionals to take measures, which are as beneficial as possible for the food allergic individual. For example, if many food allergic individuals tend to avoid eating outside the home because of experiences with caterers who do not understand the need to avoid certain foods, then an effective intervention could be more allergy training for caterers. The impact of food allergy on quality of life may differ according to the number and type of foods to which a particular

Researchers may assess the magnitude of the food allergy problem across Europe, when they combine the information from studies on the impact of food allergy on quality of life with data on the number of people with food allergy. individual is allergic and the severity of symptoms. If some food allergies have a greater impact on quality of life than others it seems obvious for governments to prioritise those when planning e.g. new labelling rules. Furthermore, the impact may also be dependent on the amount of food that is needed to trigger an allergic reaction, or the age and gender of the allergic individual. The impact may also differ due to cultural differences. When politicians and health care professionals understand the impacts of food allergies, they can direct health care resources towards the interventions, which do most to improve the quality of life of food allergic people (e.g. proper diagnosis, expert dietary advice, a future treatment).

• Assess the effectiveness of different interventions (including regulatory policies). As mentioned above, governments, the food industry, and health care professionals all have the power to improve the quality of life for food allergic individuals. However, a questionnaire is needed to measure if different interventions actually improve the quality of life for food allergic individuals. With a quality of life questionnaire, researchers can measure the quality of life for food allergic individuals before and after specific interventions and determine to what extent the quality of life has improved.

https://www.babycenter.com/0_food-allergies_12409.bc#articlesection10

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Chapter Six_The Reason

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

New study finds link between chemical pollutants and food and environmental allergies

“Other dichlorophenol sources, such as pesticide-treated fruits and vegetables, may play a greater role in causing food allergy,” said Dr. Jerschow.

Food allergies are on the rise, affecting 15 million Americans. And according to a new study published in the December issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACA AI), pesticides and tap water could be partially to blame. The study reported that high levels of dichlorophenols, a chemical used in pesticides and to chlorinate water, when found in the human body, are associated with food allergies. “Our research shows that high levels of dichlorophenol-containing pesticides can possibly weaken food tolerance in some people, causing food allergy,” said allergist Elina Jerschow, M.D., M.Sc., ACA AI fellow and lead study author. “This chemical is commonly found in pesticides used by farmers and consumer insect and weed control products, as well as tap water.”

https://www.motherearthnews.com/real-food/chemicals-linked-to-food-allergies-zb0z1212zpor

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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an increase in food allergy of 18 percent was seen between 1997 and 2007. The most common food allergens are milk, eggs, peanuts, wheat, tree nuts, soy, fish and shellfish. Food allergy symptoms can range from a mild rash to a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. The ACA AI advises everyone with a known food allergy to always carry two doses of allergist-prescribed epinephrine. A delay in using epinephrine is common in severe food allergic reaction deaths.

Taad

Chapter Six_The Reason

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Pesticides in tap water might be to blame

New study finds chemicals used for water purification can lead to food allergies ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, Ill. (December 3, 2012) - Food allergies are on the rise, affecting 15 million Americans. And according to a new study published in the December issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACA AI), pesticides and tap water could be partially to blame. The study reported that high levels of dichlorophenols, a chemical used in pesticides and to chlorinate water, when found in the human body, are associated with food allergies. “Our research shows that high levels of dichlorophenol-containing pesticides can possibly weaken food tolerance in some people, causing food allergy,” said allergist Elina Jerschow, M.D., M.Sc., ACA AI fellow and lead study author. “This

chemical is commonly found in pesticides used by farmers and consumer insect and weed control products, as well as tap water.”

“Other dichlorophenol sources, such as pesticide-treated fruits and vegetables, may play a greater role in causing food allergy,” said Dr. Jerschow.

Among 10,348 participants in a US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, 2,548 had dichlorophenols measured in their urine and 2,211 were included into the study. Food allergy was found in 411 of these participants, while 1,016 had an environmental allergy.

“Previous studies have shown that both food allergies and environmental pollution are increasing in the United States,” said Dr. Jerschow. “The results of our study suggest these two trends might be linked, and that increased use of pesticides and other chemicals is associated with a higher prevalence of food allergies.”

Food allergy symptoms can range from a mild rash to a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. The ACA AI advises everyone with a known food allergy to always carry two doses of allergist prescribed epinephrine. A delay in using epinephrine is common in severe food allergic reaction deaths.

While opting for bottled water instead of tap water might seem to be a way to reduce the risk for developing an allergy, according to the study such a change may not be successful.

https://acaai.org/news/food-allergies-pesticides-tap-water-might-be-blame

In November 2005 new EU-legislation on food labelling came into force. The idea of the new legislation is to improve the quality of life for food allergic individuals. However, the effect of this legislation has never been assessed. Nor have researchers assessed how to balance the benefits to consumers against the costs to the food industry. Costs to implement more stringent hazard control procedures to avoid contamination with allergenic foods are ultimately passed on to the consumer. With the right questionnaire it is possible to measure if new legislation actually improves the quality of life for food allergic individuals.

JUN Y I (JOLENA) YANG

Chapter One_Facts

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//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Chapter One_Facts

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

Chapter One_Facts

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Food allergy facts Every year children are negatively affected by dangerous food

CHAPTER

items. It’s a potential risk in our lives. More than 50 million Americans have an allergy of some kind. Food allergies are estimated to affect 4 to 6 percent of children and 4 percent of adults, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Educating families about toddler appropriate diets is important.

Facts

What is a food allergy? How Many People Have Food Allergies?

EVERY THREE MINUTES, A FOOD ALLERGY REACTION SENDS SOMEONE TO THE EMERGENCY ROOM.

If you or someone you love is new to food allergies, start with the basics of understanding the condition, as well as how to prevent and treat reactions.

• Researchers estimate that up to 15 million Americans have food allergies, including 5.9 million children under age 18. • That’s 1 in 13 children, or roughly two in every classroom. • About 30 percent of children with food allergies are allergic to more than one food. • As many as 6 million children in the United States have some form of food allergy.

Food Allergy Reactions Are Serious and Can Be Life-Threatening. • Every three minutes, a food allergy reaction sends someone to the emergency room. • Each year in the U.S., 200,000 people require emergency medical care for allergic reactions to food. • Childhood hospitalizations for food allergy tripled between the late 1990s and the mid-2000s. • About 40 percent of children with food allergies have experienced a severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis.

A food allergy occurs when the body’s immune system sees a certain food as harmful and reacts by causing symptoms. This is an allergic reaction. Foods that cause allergic reactions are called allergens.

Food Allergies Are on the Rise

Food Allergy Facts

What is Food Allergy?

Allergy Symptom

Normally, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.

serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. This reaction usually involves more than one part of the body and can worsen quickly. Anaphylaxis must be treated right away to provide the best chance for improvement and prevent serious, potentially life-threatening complications. The same sort of thing happens with any allergy, whether it’s a medicine (like penicillin), pollen in the air (from grasses, weeds, and trees), or a food, like peanuts. So the thing itself isn’t harmful, but the way your body reacts to it is.

TA AD

• The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reports that the prevalence of food allergy in children increased by 50 percent between 1997 and 2011. • Between 1997 and 2008, the prevalence of peanut or tree nut allergy appears to have more than tripled in U.S. children.

Allergic reactions can involve the skin, mouth, eyes, lungs, heart, gut and brain. Mild and severe symptoms can lead to a

https://www.foodallergy.org/life-with-food-allergies/food-allergy-101/facts-and-statistics

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Chapter Two_Causes

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

http://www.kidswithfoodallergies.org/

Chapter Two_Causes

Chapter Three_Common Question

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Milk

Egg

Peanut

CHAPTER

What are the most frequent food allergens? FALCPA affects all packaged foods sold in the U.S. This includes:

Tree nut

Wheat

Soy

Eight foods cause 90 percent of most food allergy reactions: • Milk • Egg • Peanut • Tree nut (e.g., almonds, walnut, pecans, cashews, pistachios) • Wheat • Soy • Fish (e.g., bass, flounder, cod) • Shellfish (e.g., crab, shrimp, scallop, clams)

The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) is the primary federal law governing how allergens are represented on packaged foods sold in the U.S.

Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish and shellfish tend to persist lifelong. Allergies to milk, egg, wheat and soy often disappear with age, but not always.

Fish

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Shellfish

• Conventional foods • Vitamins and dietary supplements • Infant formula and foods • Medical foods • All retail and food-service establishments How FALCPA Changed Food Labels? • Vending machine food items People affected by food allergies need • Packages labeled for individual sale to be able to identify potential allergens quickly, easily and accurately. This is The law does not apply to: especially important for parents and • Prescription and over-the counter drugs caregivers of children with food allergies. • Personal care items (such as cosmetics, shampoo, mouth wash, toothpaste or This federal law, which passed in 2004 shaving cream) and took effect January 1, 2006, seeks to do just that. It requires that food labels • Kosher labeling • Pet foods, supplements and supplies note allergens in plain language. • Any made-to-order restaurant food placed in a wrapper or container • Any food product regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (meat, poultry and processed egg products) • Any food product regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (alcoholic drinks, spirits, beer and tobacco products)

Which Allergens Are Affected? FALCPA covers the eight major food allergens: milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish and crustacean shellfish. Together these foods cause the majority of allergic reactions in the U.S. FALCPA-regulated ingredients must be listed if they are present in any amount— even in colors, flavors or spice blends. Manufacturers must list the specific nut, fish or crustacean shellfish present in the food (e.g., almond, tuna, crab).

Which Allergens Are Excluded? Molluscan shellfish—such as oysters, clams, mussels or scallops—are not required to be labeled under FALCPA. Neither are seeds, such as sesame and mustard.

Common Question

How Allergens Are Listed on Food Labels FALCPA-regulated allergens can be called out in one of three ways: • In the ingredient list, using the allergen’s common name • Using the word “Contains” followed by the name of the major food allergen— for example, “Contains milk, wheat” • In the ingredient list in parentheses, when the ingredient is a less common form of the allergen—for example, “ albumin (egg)” If you have a food allergy that isn’t one Although FALCPA has made label of the major eight mentioned above, you reading easier, people managing food may need to call the manufacturer to allergies should read all labels on all determine whether a food is safe. It’s also packages carefully, every time. Even important to remember that your allergen if you have bought a food before, ingredito be missing from an ingredient list if it ents can change without warning. is part of a spice blend, color or flavoring. Reading labels each time will ensure This is common with ingredients such you avoid your problem food. as sesame. Additionally, manufacturers are not required to list major allergens that may be present due to unintentional cross-contact during processing.

How Do You Know If Your Baby Has A Food Allergy?

What Will The Doctor Do?

How Can You Manage Your Toddler’s Food Allergy?

Talking to Children About Their Food Allergy

What Is the Different Between Food Allergy, Food

Intolerance And Food Poisoning?

Other exemptions include whole fruits and vegetables and highly refined oil derived from the major eight allergens, as well as any ingredient made from such highly refined oil.

https://www.foodallergy.org/education-awareness/advocacy-resources/food-labels

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Chapter Three_Common Question

cooking for themselves, but they’ll also have a better grasp of what they can and can’t eat. They will be better aware of substitutions they can make, as well.

Help them learn how to discuss their allergies support group directory for a group in your area.

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them a medical ID bracelet—many brands now carry fashionable and fun medical jewelry. Or learn about allergies on TV.

Cook with them Healy also suggests encouraging kids to help out in the kitchen, particularly once they’re in grade school. Not only will they have a head start when they have to start

Shared Symptoms

Usually comes on suddenly

A food allergy and an intolerance both can cause: • Nausea • Stomach pain • Diarrhea • Vomiting

Ben’s teachers and friends’ parents often tell me how well he communicates his allergies to them. I think this helps him in school and social settings.

• Small amount of food can trigger • Happens every time you eat the food • Can be life-threatening

Different Symptoms • Rash, hives, or itchy skin • Shortness of breath • Chest pain • Sudden drop in blood pressure, trouble swallowing or breathing -- this is life-threatening. Call 911 immediately.

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

Food intolerance is much more common than food allergy and is not caused by the immune system. The onset of symptoms is usually slower, and may be delayed by many hours after eating the offending food. The symptoms may also last for several hours, even into the next day and sometimes longer. Intolerance to several foods or a group of foods is not uncommon, and it can be much more difficult to decide whether food intolerance is the cause of chronic illness, and which foods or substances may be responsible.

Usually comes on gradually • May only happen when you eat a lot of the food • May only happen if you eat the food often • Is not life-threatening

Different Symptoms • Gas, cramps, or bloating • Heartburn • Headaches • Irritability or nervousness

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

Food poisoning is a result of consuming food that was not fully cooked or is otherwise contaminated with bacteria. The symptoms can develop rapidly, within 30 minutes, or slowly, worsening over days to weeks. Usually food poisoning is not serious and lasts 24-48 hours.

Prevention & Delay Is There Anything I Can Do to Prevent Or

Usually comes on gradually • May only happen when you eat not fully cooked food or the food may contaminated with bacteria • Is not life-threatening • Is not serious and lasts 24-48 hours.

Different Symptoms

https://www.allergyuk.org/food-intolerance/what-is-food-intolerance

http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/food-allergies.html?W T.ac=ctg#

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/food-allergy/faq-20058538

Yes. This is an important point to empha-

allergy develops as an adult, chances are

National Survey of U.S. Children

much lower you will outgrow it. Food allergies in adults tend to be lifelong,

Few large studies have explored which

wheat. New research indicates that up to 25 percent of children may outgrow their

though there has not been a lot of research in this area.

factors could help predict whether or not a child will achieve tolerance—that is, outgrow an allergy. Between June 2009 and February 2010, Dr. Ruchi Gupta and colleagues (Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago) surveyed the families of 40,104 children nationwide—the largest study of this kind to

for many, this may be the case. If a food

date. The researchers analyzed data for nine common food allergies: milk, peanut, shellfish, tree nuts, egg, fin fish, wheat, soy, and sesame.

25%

of children may outgrow their peanut allergy

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

The study, published online in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology in July 2013, found that 3,188 children surveyed currently had a food allergy, while 1,245 had outgrown one. Key findings of this study include: • A little more than a quarter of the children—26.6%—outgrew their allergies, at an average age of 5.4 years old. • Children who were allergic to milk, egg, or soy were most likely to outgrow their allergies. The likelihood of outgrowing shellfish, tree nut, and peanut allergies was significantly lower. • The earlier a child’s first reaction, the more likely that child was to outgrow the allergy. • Other factors that contributed to outgrowing an allergy included having a history of only mild to moderate reactions, being allergic to only one food, and having eczema as the only symptom.

Conversely, children with severe symp-

Outgrowing Peanut Allergy

Between 1998 and 2011, the researchers,

toms (trouble breathing, swelling, and anaphylaxis) and multiple food allergies

Peanut allergy is one of the most common

led by Dr. Anne Des Roches (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine,

were less likely to achieve tolerance. • Black children were less likely to outgrow their allergy than white children. • Boys were more likely to outgrow their allergy than girls. • Dr. Gupta and her team conclude that, while more studies over longer periods of time are needed to confirm these findings, this data can improve the management of food allergies and aid in counseling food allergy families.

food allergies among children. In the United States, the number of children with peanut allergy more than tripled between 1997 and 2008. This allergy tends to be lifelong; only about 20 percent of children are fortunate enough to outgrow it. A Canadian research team reports that children are most likely to outgrow their

Taad

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

peanut allergy by age six. After age 10, the chance of spontaneous resolution (i.e., of outgrowing the allergy) is much lower, according to this study, which was published online in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice on June 27.

Foods that cause allergic reactions are

tests, which measured the amount of peanut IgE in their blood. (IgE is the anti-

The Canadian team concluded that their findings are consistent with a previous

body that triggers the symptoms of a food allergy.)

study by researchers in Australia, which followed 267 children over five years.

Starting at age five, children whose blood tests showed a comparatively low level of peanut IgE also had the opportunity to undergo food challenges, the most accurate test available.

called allergens. Even a tiny amount of an allergen can cause a reaction. Allergic reactions usually occur after your child eats a food that she or he is allergic to.

They recommend additional studies to examine “whether spontaneous resolution

Precautions You Should Take to Avoid Allergic Reactions

may still occur in this population in late adolescence or early adulthood.”

Some parents choose to completely eliminate all food allergens from their homes. Others, especially those whose children have many food allergies, do not make this choice. If you choose to allow allergens in your house, you run the risk that those foods will “contaminate” your home and your safe foods. This is known as cross contact.

At the end of the study, 51 of the original 202 participants—just over 25 percent—had outgrown their allergy. Further, 80 percent of the children in this

Label Foods in Your Home as “Safe” or “Not Safe” To ensure everyone (including your children, visitors, babysitters, etc.) can

store these products next to each other. Designate particular shelves or cabinets for storing the “safe” foods. Avoid purchasing items that look similar to

use red and green circle-shaped stickers. You can buy these types of stickers or

each other.

make your own. The red stickers are for the unsafe foods and the green are for

stickers to every food item in your house.

item not intended to contain that allergen. Small traces of allergens can cause

Chapter Five_Living with Food Allergy

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Taad

So far researchers have only to a limited extent investigated the impact of food allergy on quality of life. Specially designed questionnaires can measure people’s ability to function in their every day lives. Scientists call these questionnaires Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaires. It is important to understand that two food allergic individuals, who from the doctors’ point of view are affected to the same degree, may answer the questionnaire very differently. That is because individuals vary in how they cope with sickness and in their tolerance levels. A well-designed questionnaire should measure the problems that the food allergic individuals themselves consider to be important rather than focusing on what is considered important by doctors or other professionals.

• Daily life is more disrupted in peanut allergic individuals than in individuals with a rheumatic disease. • Family activities were limited in families with food allergic children. • Female adolescents with food allergy feel more impaired health-wise and socially than female adolescents with other allergy-like conditions.

Researchers have recently developed and tested the reliability of a questionnaire that is specific for food allergy. This questionnaire was designed to measure the parental burden of having a child with food allergy. In addition, two parent-administered questionnaires have been developed, and are currently being tested on reliability. Answers to one of the questionnaires indicate that food allergy has a significant impact on almost all aspects of daily life.

Research within EuroPrevall on the impact of food allergy on quality of life EuroPrevall will develop new questionnaires specific for food allergy and use them to investigate the impact of food allergy on quality of life of allergic individuals and their families. Compared to the existing questionnaires, the new questionnaires will cover all ages in childhood and adulthood.

research will be on how different ways of labelling food affect the food allergic consumer. The new questionnaires will be able to measure the impact of new information and communication technologies that are able to target information to individual food allergic consumers. The questionnaire will be self-administered by the food allergic patients from the age of 8 years. EuroPrevall will translate the new questionnaires into the languages used in different European countries to allow for cross-cultural comparison. The researchers in EuroPrevall will put special emphasis on gender differences. Before EuroPrevall, only one study has assessed gender differences in the quality of life of the family members of children with peanut allergy. The results showed that mothers experienced greater anxiety and stress than fathers or sibling(s). In addition, mothers rated their child’s quality of life worse than the father, sibling(s), or the allergic child.

The above writing is based on the paper: B.M.J. de Blok, B.J. Vlieg-Boerstra, J. N. G. Oude Elberink, E.J. Duiverman, A. DunnGalvin, J. O’B. Hourihane, J.R. Cornelisse-Vermaat, L. Frewer, E.N.C. Mills, A.E.J. Dubois (2007). A framework for measuring the social impact of food allergy across Europe. A EuroPrevall state of the art paper. Allergy 62 (7), 733-737. EuroPrevall is an EU-funded project about food allergy. The primary objective of EuroPrevall is to improve the quality of

If you allow food allergens in your home, you need to prevent allergen residue from getting all over the house. Teach all members of your household to always wash their hands with soap and water immediately after touching or eating allergens. Consider confining all food consumption to your kitchen and dining areas. Otherwise, crumbs and traces will get onto your carpets, furniture, toys and other surfaces.

Take Precautions When Cooking Take steps to avoid cross-contact with allergens during the cooking or serving process:

• If you are preparing both “safe” and “unsafe” food for the same meal, prepare the safe meal first. • Do not use the same utensils to prepare allergenic and non-allergenic dishes. • Place utensils, plates and cutting boards hands with soap and water. If your friends directly into the sink or the dishwasher have infants, you may need to take immediately after use. Teach your family precautions to avoid spit up on your carthat soiled items in the sink or dishpets or furniture. The food, formula, washer are not safe to use until they have or breast milk that is spit up is likely to be been properly washed. allergenic, and will get on surfaces your • If you use a barbecue, be sure to fully child may touch. Set down a clean blanket clean the grill before cooking for your for babies to protect carpet or furniture. child. Consider using foil or a clean grill pan to prepare foods for your child. Don’t Forget Your Guests

When friends arrive, politely ask them (and their children) to wash their

Take Care to Wash Dishes Wash pans, utensils and dishes in hot, sudsy water before using them to prepare food for someone with food allergies. It is best to rinse off dirty dishes and utensils before loading them into your dishwasher. This prevents stray bits of dried allergens from sticking to your clean dishes.

Chapter Five_Living with Food Allergy

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

having more severe reactions with peanut, but it doesn’t mean that you can’t have a servere reaction with another food. The other thing is that the peanut free table is something that I think we need to rethink. A child who has a food allergy it’s not their choice. It’s biological, genetic and to imagine that child has to sit away from his friends on a daily basis. It is not the best thing for a psychosocial health for his or her cycle social health. Therefore, we’re

actually now advocating having peanut tables if you bring a peanut butter and jelly sandwich to school that day you sit at the peanut table. The child who has a food allergy doesn’t get ostracized on a daily basis for the rest of their school life.”

Chapter Six_The Reason

CHAPTER

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in March 2016

life for all food allergic consumers. To meet that objective EuroPrevall will conduct research to obtain information that we currently lack. EuroPrevall will also develop the tools necessary to manage food allergies more effectively. The 56 partners from 21 different countries include some of the leading allergy research organisations in Europe as well as clinical, patient, and industrial organisations. Visit www.europrevall.org for more information on the project.

Food allergy is rapidly becoming one of the most common chronic conditions diagnosed during childhood. Current estimates indicate that 4-8% of children in the United States are diagnosed with food allergy. Food allergy requires daily management, which may affect multiple domains of child and family psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The rise in the number of children diagnosed with food allergies may lead to an increase in the number of children and families who experience mental health concerns related to food allergy and would benefit from food allergy-related psychosocial interventions. In a review recently published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Herbert et al. provide an overview of common

EuroPrevall will also investigate how the quality of life for food allergic consumers can be improved. The focus of this

Avoid Sippy Cup Mix-Ups If your toddler is allergic to milk, buy a “special” sippy cup to use both at home and away from home. This cup is never used for anyone else. Put your child’s name on it. Once you put the lid on the average sippy cup you cannot see the contents. Having a special cup that is always used ensures that your child doesn’t grab the wrong cup by mistake.

• Washing hands – Teach everyone to wash their hands with soap and water before touching safe foods. Their hands could have allergens on them and they could make a safe food become unsafe. • Utensils – Do not allow allergen-covered utensils to touch your “safe” foods. For example, if a knife used on butter gets inserted into a jar of jam, the jam is no longer safe for a dairy-allergic individual to eat. If you spread butter on wheat bread toast and then dip your knife into the butter again, the butter will now contain traces of wheat. • Countertops and other surfaces – Teach everyone to clean all surfaces after preparing food and to clean countertops before preparing food. Countertops could have traces of allergens on them. Food prepared on an unclean countertop can result in cross contact with allergens.

Mental health concerns among youth with food allergy

General quality of life questionnaires are available that can be used in different diseases. Research using such questionnaires has shown that:

If you keep both “safe” and “unsafe” foods in your household, you need to take steps prevent cross-contact:

determine which foods in your home are “safe”, it can be helpful to label the

the safe foods (i.e., “red” means “stop” and “green” means “go”). Apply these

Avoid Contaminating Your Food Supply

If you have both “safe” and “unsafe” versions of similar items (like soy milk and cow’s milk) in your home, do not

http://www.kidswithfoodallergies.org/page/prevent-allergic-reactions-in-your-home.aspx

Avoid Pantry Mix-Ups

food in your pantry, refrigerator and freezer. A convenient way to do this is to

Cross-contact occurs when a food allergen comes in contact with food or an

https://www.foodallergy.org/about-fare/blog/who-is-likely-to-outgrow-a-food-allergy

What is known today about the impact of food allergy on quality of life?

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

Avoid Getting Allergenic Residue All Over the House

allergies, the children periodically received skin prick tests, along with blood

allergic reactions.

There are several precautions you should take to avoid food mix-ups and accidental cross-contact.

Can Food Allergies Be Treated?

Montreal), followed 202 children with peanut allergy from early childhood (18

dren had low levels of peanut IgE in their blood. In children who remained allergic, the amount of peanut IgE in the blood increased over the years.

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9 Tips for Avoiding Cross-Contact of Food Allergens

months or younger) to adolescence. To confirm their diagnosis and monitor their

group were allergy-free before age eight. Tests also showed that these chil-

https://acaai.org/allergies/types/food-allergy

Do Kids Outgrow Food Allergies?

9 Tips for avoiding cross-contact of food allergens

size. Children generally, but not always, outgrow allergies to milk, egg, soy and

There is no need to assume your child’s food allergy will be lifelong, though

New Guidelines to Help Prevent Food Allergy in Children

Do kids outgrow food allergies?

peanut allergy, with slightly fewer expected to outgrow a tree nut allergy.

Take Steps to Avoid Allergic Reactions

Delay A Food Allergy?

• Abdominal cramping • Fever

http://www.webmd.com/allergies/foods-allergy-intolerance#1

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

CHAPTER Food allergies happen when the immune system makes a mistake. Normally, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.

“First, parents need to make sure they understand what the allergen will do to the child. Then, give them the right words to explain that,” says Askenazi. “For instance, if peanuts will cause anaphylaxis, teach your child to say ‘Peanuts will cause my throat to get tight’ or ‘Peanuts will affect my breathing.’”

Chapter Four_Prevention & Delay

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

What is the different between food allergy, food intolerance and food poisoning?

“Learning how to cook recipes they can eat can reduce feeling helpless and make them feel empowered about taking control of their condition.” —Healy

https://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/talk-to-kids-about-allergies#5

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Chapter Three_Common Question

Teaching children the language they need to explain their allergy to other children and adults is another way to empower them.

Find Tools and Resources There are many tools and resources out there for newly diagnosed families. A great way to start is with a book. There are a great many allergy-themed children’s books out there, including Food Allergies and Me, Nutley the Nut Free Squirrel, and Blue: The Monkey who was Allergic to Bananas. You can also get

//Toddler Allergy Appropriate Diet

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Food labels

psychosocial concerns among children with food allergy and their families and offer guidance to medical providers regarding their identification and treatment. The authors report that children with food allergy and their parents tend to report a range of psychosocial concerns that include parenting stress, anxiety, and worries about bullying. For many families, the primary question that must be addressed is how to balance the vigilance and preparedness required of a potentially life-threatening chronic illness with anxiety management and engagement in developmentally appropriate activities. The authors reported that many families with psychosocial concerns benefit from having a medical provider listen to them and normalize their feelings, from being provided educational materials, and from being connected to other families of children with food allergy. However, when patients need additional psychoeducation about food allergy, need assistance problem-solving food allergy management, experience elevated anxiety about food allergy, and/or meet criteria for a mental health disorder; they should be referred to a mental health professional for

consultation and provision of appropriate services. The mental health professional will conduct a clinical interview to determine if the child would benefit from short-term versus long-term psychotherapy and/or medication management. Psychotherapy is typically cognitive-behavioral therapy, a well-validated and frequently used treatment for children with chronic illness that is goal-oriented, collaborative, and typically short-term. As the number of children diagnosed with food allergy increases, it is likely that medical providers will encounter a growing number of parents who have questions about how to manage everyday food allergy-related psychosocial concerns. Medical providers can validate patients’ feelings, normalize the challenge of balancing food allergy management with participation in developmentally appropriate activities, and provide early education

The Reason

about food allergy and its psychosocial impact on daily life, but may need to refer to a mental health professional for consultation when indicated. Additional research is needed regarding clinical interventions in order to further refine the psychosocial care that is provided to these families. The person who makes the choice to bring a peanut then that’s their choice to sit at the table and the person who doesn’t have the choice the peanut allergy is an ostracize. This goes back to your being careful but inclusive right. “It’s absolutely true you can have a milk allergy and egg allergy and you can have a serve of a reaction to those foods as you can to peanut. We do see more kids

Chemical Pollutants and Food Allergy

Pesticides in Tap Water

–Stephanie Ann Leonard,MD, Assistant professor of pediatrics, UC San Diego

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The TAAD event posters

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The TAAD event name tag

Junyi Yang Staff Food Allergy Awareness

Jason Smith Speaker Food Allergy Awareness

Ritta Mason Guest Food Allergy Awareness

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5-1 The TAAD food allergy event

According to CDC, food allergies are estimated to affect 4 to 6 percent of children and 4 percent of adults. One in every 13 children has a food allergy—that’s about 2 in every U.S. classroom. Pople don’t realize that food allergies are a serious problem. Therefore, this event increases people’s awareness about food allergies and lets people share their experiences with each other. I have created two campaign posters to promote awareness about food allergies in toddlers. Telling people there is an event about it. In the evet, there are a series of posters talks about food allergies. I also designed

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5-2 The TAAD food allergy book

This deliverable educate new parents before their children try new foods. Preventing food allergies is better than not knowing about them. The book is to educate parents about the importance of food allergies.

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5-3 The TAAD app

The app is a document which records reactions, as well as a food log for families and pediatricians.

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5-4 The TAAD website

The website allows parents and people to share their experiences with each other.

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5-5 The TAAD guidebooks

This deliveralbe is to instill responsibility into immediate caregivers about modeling their food choices. Taking care of babies is more than just a motherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s job. It takes a communityâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;toddlers often spend time with other family members, teachers, and restaurant workers. The guidebooks are for family members, teachers, and restaurant workers who surround toddlers.

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5-6 The TAAD public service video

The public service video which appeals to people to take more responsibility for toddlers with food allergies.

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C ont ac t Juny i (Jolena) Yang Telephone +1 415 712 3 9 8 4 Email y j y baby126 @ gmail .com Website Jolenay ang.com

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Copyright @ 201 8 A ll Right Reser ved No par t of t his publica tion can be reproduced w i t hou t ex pres sed permis sion f rom Junyi (Jolena) Yang.

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