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DISCOVERY/ «Al-'ICKABEPl-1» ElKeMeCR~Hbl~ Hay~Ho-nonyn~pHbl~

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DISCOVERY/ cc,D.HCKABEPH禄 E>KeMeCSl"IHblH Hay"IHO-nonynsipHblH >KypHan N!? 12-1 [71] ,D.EKA6Pb 2014 - SIHBAPb 2015

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

1. HOBOCVl6VIPCKVIE OCTPOBA - XPAHVIJ1Vlll1E 6VIBHElli MAMOHTA. BXX BEKE OTCIOAA nPVIB03VIJlVI AO 20 TOHH 6VIBHElli BroA

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DISCOVERY

J];eKa6pb 2014 llHBapb 2015

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DISCOVERY

900

tiHeil, rroqm Tp11 ro;:ia -

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crraeIIIl1X ropo,1:1 OT Kph1e, paeCKa3hIBa!OT KaK ITPO eBO-

Ha6epeJKHasi <l>oHTaHK111, 3. 6110KaAHasi

ero ITl1TOM11a, CII5!I11ero ,LIO Ma Ha ,[111BaHe. MoryT 311MOH

caMO~ CTpawHO~ 3~Mbl ~MeHHO c :no~ nOACTaHLI~~ Aall~ TOK, YT06bl 3aHOBO

ITOIIIYTl1Th HaeqeT Toro, qTQ ITp11 TaKOM )l(YTKOM xo JI0,1:1e eaMoe BpeM51 )l(eqh KH11rn. Ee3 3Tl1X ITo,1:1po6HoeTett B rnyq11BIIIeMrn 6h1 He 6hrno qeJioBeKa, Tpare,1:11111 MHOrl1X OT,[leJihHhlX JllO,[lett -

3anycrnTb TpaMBa~. CTaBW~~ AJlSI 11eH~HrpaAL18B C~MBOJlOM HaA8lK,Qbl Ha Ha 3AaH~e nOACTaHLI~~ nocTOSIHHO n0Kywa10TCS1 3acTpo~14~ K~ c Ll8Jlbl0 CHeCT~ ero ~ B03AB~rHYTb TaM YTO-H~6YAb HOBOe.

nyYw~~ ~CXOA .

a Jil1lllh o6e3Jil1qeHHhlH

6paBypHhltt repo113M. Cpe,1:1116JI0Ka,1:1HhlX 11eTop11M:, KOHeqHo, MO)l(HO yrnh11IIaTh 11 paeCKa3hl ITpo ITO,[IJIOeTh, rJiyIToeTh 11JI11 6e3paeey,1:1eTBO. Ho ITpOIIIJioe ITOKa e111e ITPl1H11MaeTC51 KaK ,[laHHOeTh, 11eJil1KOM, co BeeM11 B03MO)l(HhlMl1 Ha qepHo-6eJIOM CHl1MKe ITOJIYTOHaM11.

2-si n111H111S1 Bac111nbeBcKoro ocTposa, 13. KBaprnpa TaH~ CaB~YeBo~. 3A8Cb, no Mepe TOro KaK YM~pan~ BCe ee POACTB8HH~rn. A8BOYKa Bena CBO~ 3an~CK~. C03AaBaSI He3aMblCJlOBaTOe ~ ~HrnMHOe ~ onoro HeBepOSITHO CTpawHoe CB~AeTellbCTBO npo~CXOA~BW~X B KalK,QO~ nOA06HO~ KBapT~pe ylKacoB. CaMa TaHsi yMepna B 3BaKyaL1~~.

ITpoIIIJIOH 311MOH Ha ropo,1:1eK11x yJI1111ax 6h1JI11 yeTaHOBJieHhl ,1:1eKopa111111, 11Ml1Tl1PYIOI1111e aTMOe<j:>epy

M111xai.1noscKasi yn1111.1a, 2. JleH~HrpaACKasi <1>~11apMOH~S1 . 9 aBrycrn

oea)l(,[leHHoro ropo,1:1a, 11 epe,1:111 ITo,1:1,1:1eJihHhlX ra3eTHhlX

1942 roAa B 60JlbWOM 3a11e np~ nOJlHOM aHwnare C~Mcj>OH~YeCK~~ opKeCTP

TyM611 ITPOTl1BOTaHKOBhlX e)l(ett 6hIJIO He ITpo611ThC51

~rpa11 nereHAaPHYIO CeAbMYIO (JleH~HrpaACKYIO) c~Mcj>OH~IO WocTaKOB~Ya,

eKB03h TOJIITY )l(a)l(,L1Yllll1X Ol11YTl1Th ee651 HeMHO)l(KQ

Han~caHHYIO no ApyroMy BalKHOMY «6110KaAHOMY aApecy» - B«AOMe 6eHya» Ha neTporpaACKO~ CTOpOHe (KaMeHHOOCTpOBCKlllH npocneKT, 26-28 ).

6JI0Ka,[IHl1KaM11 . He oqeHh ITOH51THO, KaK K 3TOMY OTHOCl1ThC51, oco6eHHO yq11Th1Ba5! , qTQ 3Tl1 ,1:1eKopa111111 yeTaHaBJil1Ba!OTC51 epe,1:111 HaeT051l1111X MQJiqaJil1BhlX

PJKeBcKasi nno11..1aAb, 1. )l(ene3HOAOPOlKHasi CTaHLl~SI PlKeBKa. 3rn 6b111a

eB11,[leTeJiett ITPOIIIJIOro, KOTOphle TaK 11 eT051T, Ha6JIIO,[la51, KaK ITOeTeITeHHO )1(11Ba51 qeJIOBeqeCKa51 Tpare,1:11151

KOHeYHaSI TOYKa «Aoporn )1(~3H~» : CIOAa np~B03~Jl~ no pellbCaM c «60JlbWO~ 38MJ1W> npOAOBOJlbCTB~e ~ JleKapcrna, a OTCIOAa ~x HanpaBJlSIJl~ B L18HTP

ITpeBpa111aeTrn B <j:>aKT 11eTop1111 .

ropoAa no APYro~ AOpore -TaK Ha3blBaeMOMY «PlKeBCKOMY KOP~AOPY"·

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA ,l\YIJia ITO ynY111e, ITepe,llo MHoif men qeJioBeK. 06roHHH ero, H HeBOJ!hHO 06paTY1Jia BHY1MaHY1e Ha )l(YTKOe CYIHee Jittl\O. IIo,l\yMaJia ITpo ce6H: HaBepHoe, CKopo yMpeT. lfepe3 HeCKOJibKO rnaroB H o6epHyJiaCb, OCTaHOBttJiaCb, rne,l\YIJia 3a HYIM. OH oITycmnrn Ha TyM6y, rna3a 3aKaTttJIYICh, ITOTOM OH Me,l\JieHHO CTaJI CITOJI3aTh Ha 3eMJIIO. Kor,lla H ITO,l\OIIIJia K HeMy, OH 6hIJI y)l(e MepTB», -

3a-

ITttCaJia B CBOeM ,l\HeBHYIKe 15 HOH6pH JieHYIHrpa,llKa EneHa CKpH6ttHa. B ,lleKa6pe yMepno 52 881 'leJioBeK. 3a rne,lly10111tte ,!\Ba Mern11a -

ITO'lm 200 ThICH'I: CKa-

3anocb If TO, 'ITO 3ttMa TOf,l\a BhI,l\aJiaCb Ky,l\a XOJIO,l\Hee o6bI'IHOfO.

c HacryITJieHtteM BeCHbl ttCTOllleHHbie JllO,l\lf

ITPO.l\OJI)l(aJitt yMttpaTh. 632 253 qenoBeKa ITom6JIYI OT fOJIO,l\a, e111e 16 7 47 - ITO,!\ 6oM6e)l(KaMtt YI apT06CTpeJiaMtt. Ho 60JibIIIHHCTBO -

BCe )l(e CMOfJIYI Bbl)i(lfTb,

YI 3TO YI 6bIJIO lfX BeJitt'laMIIIYIM ITO,l\BYlfOM.

OrneT Ha BOITpoc, KaK HM 3TO y,l\aJIOCh, CTOHT ttCKaTh He TOJ!hKO BO <l>POHTOBh!X CBO,l\Kax If ,l\OKyMeHTaX o HaJia)l(ttBaHtttt rna6)1(eHttH B 6noKa,l\HOM ropo3AIPAA~TEJlbHblE

A3POCTATbl rQTOB>lT· C>l nO,QH>lTbC>l HAA HEBCK~M

n POCnEK-

TOM. <POTO C,QEJlAHO BECHO~ 1942-ro, no-

CJlE CAMO~ Tfl)l(EJlQ~ 6JlOKAAHO~ 3~Mbl

K TOMY MOMeHTy, KOf,l\a BOKpyr ropo,lla COMKHy-

,lle. OrneT -

B 3ByKax JleHttHrpa,llCKOH rnM<l>oHYIYI

JIOCh Bpa)l(eCKoe KOJihl\O, B Jlemrnrpa,lle ITPO)l(YIBaJio

lIIOCTaKOBtt'la, Ha CTpaHttQaX ,l\HeBHlfKOB ropo)l(aH.

ITOpH,llKa Tpex MYIJIJIYIOHOB 'leJIOBeK. IImoc -

ITO'ITYI

,[(MttTpttif JlYIXa'leB c<l>OPMYJIYlpOBaJI 3TO B CBOHX Me-

300 ThICH'I 6e)l(eH11eB Yl3 II pY16anmKY1. IInaHhI Ile-

Myapax: «lfenoBe'leCKttif yM yMttpan B ITOCJie,l\HJOJO

Tpa OCHOBaTb ropo,ll 6JIYl3 rpaHYlll B 3TOT pa3 ChirpaJIYI

oqepe,llb. ECJIYI pyKtt If HOrtt y)l(e OTKa3aJIYICb Te6e

c ero )l(YITeJIHMYI 3JIYIO rnyTKy: 8 ceHrn6pH 1941 fO,l\a

rny)l(ttTh, eCJIYI ITaJihl\hI y)l(e 6oJihIIIe He MorJIYI 3a-

cyxoITyTHaH CBH3h JleHYIHrpa,lla co Bceif cTpaHoif ITpe-

CTernyTh ITyrOBYIQbl ITaJihTO, eCJitt 'leJIOBeK 60JihIIIe

pBanacb. K 12-My ITO.l\C'IY1TaJIY1 ITPO.l\YKTOBhre 3aITachr

He ttMeJI HttKaKYIX CttJI 3aKpb!Tb rnap<l>oM poT, erntt

YI ITPYIIIIJIYI K Bh!BO,l\y- ITOJIO)l(eHYle KaTaCTpo<l>Yl'leCKoe.

KO)l(a BOKpyr pm CTaJia TeMHOH, erntt Jllfl\O CTaJIO ITO-

KapTO'IKYI 6hIJIYI BBe,lleHhr e111e .l\O 6noKa,l\hI, B ceHrn6pe

XO)l(e Ha qepeIT Meprne11a c oCKaJieHHhIMYI ITepe,llHttMtt

BITepBbie CHYl3YIJIYI HOpMbl BhI,l\a'IYI ITPO.l\YKTOB, B HOH-

3y6aMtt -

6pe Ha'laJICH rOJIO,l\. «CMepTb X03HMHYl'laeT B ropo,lle.

,l\HeBHlfKlf If BepttJitt, 'ITO YIM y,l\aCTCH ITPO)l(lfTb If e111e

JIIO,l\YI YMY1pa10T YI YMY1pa10T. CerO,l\HH, KOr,lla H ITpoxo-

O,l\YIH ,l\eHh».

M03r ITpO,llOJI)l(aJI pa6oTy. JIJO,l\YI ITYICaJitt

21 JIHB3pH 1954

60 Jlem na3ai) co3iJana nepBaa amo.MHaJl cy6.Mapuna BoITpeKYI nereH,l\e, ITepBy10 aTOMHYJO ITO.l\BO.l\HYJO JIO.l\KY Ha3BaJIYI He B 'leCTb KOpa6JIH tt3 poMaHa )l(JOJIH BepHa «20 Tb!CH'I Jibe ITO,!\ BO,l\OH». 3TO HMH OHa ITOJIY'lttJia B HaCJie,l\CTBO OT aMepttKaHCKOH ,l\tt3eJihHOif cy6MapttHhI «Haymnyc», cpa)l(aBrneifrn ITPOTttB HITOH11eB YI ornpaBJieHHOH ITorne BOMHhI Ha rnoM. Ilo3,l\Hee B CIIIA TaK Ha3BaJIYI QeJih!H KJiacc ITO,l\JIO,l\OK. HOBh!H «HayTttJiyc», c aTOMHOH 3Heprem'leCKOH yCTaHOBKOH MOlI.IHOCThlO 9860 KttJIOBaTT If KOpITyCOM ,l\JllfHOH 97 MeTpOB YI IIIYlpYIHOH 8,2 MeTpa, Hee rneCTb TOpITe,l\Hh!X aITITapaTOB YI 26 TOpITe,l\. 3KYIITa)I( ITO,l\BO,l\HOfO mraHTa COCTOHJI Yl3

13 o<l>tt11epoB YI 92 MaTpOCOB. 3aBrycrn1958 fO,l\a aTOMHh!H KOpa6Jih ITOCTaBttJI peKOp,ll: ITPOM,l\H 3400 KYIJIOMeTpOB ITO,!\ apKm'leCKttMtt Jlb,l\aMtt, aMepY1KaHQbl BITepBbie B Mttpe ITOKOpttJIYI CeBepHb!H ITOJIIOC «CHtt3y» YI 6naroITOJIY'IHO BepHyJittCh.

DISCOVERY

,[(eKa6pb 2014 llHBapb 2015

31.RHBap.R1864

150 Jlem na3ai} omKpblllCR MocKOBCKUU 3oonapK C6e)!(aBIIIl1H B 1934fOAY113 MOCKOBCKOfO 300rrapKa ITOJI03 HaIIIeJI rrp11!0T B ITOJieHHl111e ITOA OKHaM11 pacrrOJIO)!(eHHOro HeITO):laJieKy pattOHHOro OT):leJia Ml1Jll1111111.

B TeITJibie ):IH113MeH 3arJIJl):lbIBaJia

B OKHO HaqaJibHl1Ka, 11 ITOTOMY OH Bcer):la ):lep)!(aJI Ha CTOJie HaraH. 0,J:IHaKO rrpe):IJIO)!(eHl1ll pa6oTHl1KOB 30orrapKa rroi1:MaTb ITOJI03a Ml1Jll111110Hep HerrpeMeHHO OTKJIOHllJI -

fOBOp11JI, orracaeTCH 3a

coxpaHHOCTh APOB ... I10MeI11eHHb1i1: B 1943 roAy Ha KapaHTHH ropHbIH K03eJI KaK11M-TO o6pa30M Bb16panrn 113 3oorrapKa. ,[(ocKaKaJI AO EoJibIIIOi1: fpy311HcKoi1: yn1111b1, 3aIIIeJI TaM B rrap11KMaxepCKy10 11, yB11,J:1eB rnoe 0Tpa)!(eH11e B 3epKaJie, pa3611n ero. Ehrn 3a):lep)!(aH 3ooTeXHl1KOM 11 BeTep11HapoM ... IlaMHTb pa6oTHl1KOB 30orrapKa xpaHl1T MHO)!(eCTBO ITO):I06Hb!X l1CTOp11i1: -

3Bep11 perynHpHO BbI-

M rrepe):laBaeMall 113 ITOKOJieH11ll B ITOKOJieH11e CTapaH IIIYTKa <iCB060AYY3H11KaM MOCKOBCKOro 300rrapKa!>.'> HeKOTOpb!Ml1 BOCIIp11Hl1MaeTCH BITOJIHe 6yKBaJibHO. Mon, 3Bep11 CTpa):la!OT

pbIBa!OTCll Ha BOJIIO.

pa,J:111 pa3BJieqeH11H rroceT11Tenei1:.

1. lnABHblVl BXOA B MOCKOBCKV1Vl

Hoc TOH rropbl, KOr):la B MOCKBe 6bIJI OCHOBaH 300Ca):I, rrpe):ICTaBJieHl1ll 0uen113a):laqax 300rrapKOB B M11pe CHJ!bHO 113MeHl1Jll1Cb. B 1864 fOAY rrepBbie BOCeMb ):111KOBl1HHbIX 3Bepei1: Bero KOJIJieKI.11111 rrapa JlbBOB, rrapa THrpOB, Hryap, Jieorrap):I, aJIJIHraTOp 11 Hocopor - ):leHCTBl1TeJibHO Bb!CTaBJillJil1Cb Ha ITOTexy rry6n11Ke. K

1150

B HaIIIl1 ):IHl1 ):laJieKO He Bee 113 )!(11BYI1111X 3,J:leCb 9 TbJ(Jlq oco6ei1:, OTHOCllll.111XCll

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CKopee rro6oqHall

CTOpoHa ):leHTeJibHOCTl1300IIapKa, IT03BOJ!ll!Oll.lall oKyrraTb CO):lep)!(aH11e 11 ITOITOJIHeH11e KOJIJieK111111;

300nAPK B KO HL.lE 1920-X 2. HOCOPOr. nOAAPEHHblVl BEJlV1KV1M KH>l3EM KOHCTAHTV1HOM HV1KOnAEBV14EM, 1863rGA 3. COTPYAHV1L(A 300nAPKA V1 nV1CATEJlbHV1L(A BEPA 4AnnV1HA KOPMV1TTIOnEHll. KOHEL( 1930-X

OCHOBHb!Ml1 )Ke 3a):laqaMl1 BO BCeM M11pe ):laBHO y)!(e cq11Ta!OTCll HayqHbie 11CCJie):IOBaHl1ll 11 rrporpaMMbl ITO coxpaHeHl1!0 11cqe3a10I1111X )!(11BOTHblX. l1B3TOM CMbICJie MOCKOBCKOMY 300rrapKy eCTb qeM rop):l11Thrn. Harrp11Mep, 3a rrorne,J:1H11e rrHTh

neT 3,J:lecb

po,J:111JI11cb Tp11 ):leTeHbIIIIa rop11JIJihI, a Be):lb

3TOT Bl1):1 qeJIOBeKoo6pa3HbIX o6e3bllH rroqT11 He pa3MHO)!(aeTCH B HeBOJie.

DISC VERY TEMA HOMEPA

210 .nem na3aiJ ny""en nepBblU napoBo3 B Anl.lluu na11.aJla XIX Betca Bee oblJlO zomoBo OJlR noRBJleHUR :HCeJle3HblX iJopoz. Ha pyiJnutcax u 3aBoiJax y:HCe ucnoJlb30BaJlu pellbCbl, 11.mo6b1 JlOtuaiJu MOZJlU nepeB03Umb 6oJLee ma:HCeJlbte zpy3bl. BblJlU u napoBbte .MatuUHbl. P,eJlo ocmaBaJlOCb 3a .MaJlbl.M - nocmaBumb .Matuuny na tcoJleca u nycmumb ee no pellbCa.M. 3mom tuaz coBeptuUJl un:HCenep Pu11.apiJ TpeBumutc. _J:P~!3-~~J:I-~ 6brn

ChIHOM yrrpas1U110I.1.1ero PY.11Hl1KOM. OH 6yKsaJibHO Bbipoc cpe.1111 rrapoBbIX MarrmH, 3asopo)J(eHHO fJIH,!IH Ha BpaI.1.1a10I.1.111eCH KOJieca. B IIIKOJie P11qap.11 yq11JICH KOe-KaK 113a6pOC11Jl ee, e.11sa OCBOl1B qTeH11e 11 rr11CbMO. TonhKO MaTeMaT11Ka .11asanacb eMy • 6e3 yrnn11fi, HO 11 TaM OH YMY.llPHJICH Haxo.1111Th pe: IIIeH11e Heo6b1qHhIM crroco6oM. Kor.11a P11qap.11 Haqan pa6oTaTb Ha IIIaxTe, OH BCKope rronyq11JI ,!IOJl)J(HOCTb 11H)J(eHepa - orpoMHaH qecTh ,!IJIH 19-JieTHero IOH'-la. B 1797 ro.11y Tpes11T11K y.11aqHO )J(eH11nrn: 0Te11 ero cyrrpyrn BJia,l(eJI 3aB0,!111KOM ITO rrpo113BO,!ICTBY rrapoBb!X Ma1II11H ,!IJIH IIIaxT. P11qap.11 HaCTOHJI Ha rrp11MeHeH1111 KOTJIOB BbICOKOro ,llaBJieHl1H - 6onee orraCHhIX, HO IT03BOJIHIOI.1.111X B HeCKOJibKO pa3 yMeHbllll1Tb ra6ap11Tbl rraposofi MaIIIl1HhI. TaK11e arperaTbI y)J(e Morn11 rroMeCTl1ThCH Ha ITOB03Ke, rrp11BO,!IH ee B ,!IBl1)J(eH11e.

DISCOVERY

J];eKa6ph 2014 I llttsaph 2015

He 06paI.1.1aH BH11MaH11H Ha pa3rosopb1 rrpo «6e3YMHYIO 3aTeIO», Tpes11T11K rna6.1111n O.llHY 113 cso11x rrapoBhIX Ma1II11H KonecaM1111 pyneM. CTpaHHaH KOHCTpyK1111H, KOTopy!O OH Ha3BaJI <iilbIXTHI.1.111M qepT», B 1801 ro.11y Bb1exana Ha yn1111h1 ropo.11a KaM6opHa. IIepe.11 PO)J(,lleCTBOM rroB03Ka, rrhIXTH 11 rpOMhIXaH, .11ose3na IIIeCTh qenoseK .110 6n113Jie)J(al.l.lero cena. BrrepBbie B 11cTop1111 rraposaH Ma1II11Ha so311na Ha ce6e He TOJihKO IIIocpepa (3.lleCh rrp11op11TeT ocTaeTrn 3a cppaH11y3cK11M 11H)J(eHepoM H11KOJIH )1{03ecpoM KIOHhO), HO 11 rracca)J(11pos. HeCKOJihKO ,!IHefi crrycrn rrpo1130IIIJIO HecqacTbe. TpeBl1T11K 11 ero ITOMOI.l.IH11Kl1 ITOIIIJll1 IT0,!1Kperr11TbCH, He rrorac11s orOHh s TOrrKe. IIoKa OHl1 yrrneTan11 )J(apeHoro ryrn, BO,lla B KOTJie BbIKl1ITeJia 11 ITOB03Ka cropena .11orna.

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ro.z:1y TpeB11T11K rrp11eTyrr11n K rroeTpoi1Ke

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rrepBoro ttaeTom11ero rrapoBo3a. Maumtta rrpo113Bena

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TaKoe BrreqaTJieH11e Ha xo3Hl1Ha ¢a6p11K11 C3Mhl03-

15 TOHH «6Jiaro.z:1apH TO My, qTo Ha TeJie)l(Kl13a6panoeh

na XoM¢paH, qTQ TOT rrocrrop11n e Bna.z:1enh11eM co-

tte Mettee

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16 Kl1JIOMeTpOB. 21 ¢eBpanH 1804

70 qenoBeK».

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DISCOVERY

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27MapTa 1914

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

20.nem Ha3aiJ nOR6ll.nCR

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DISCOVERY

KO ThJCHq /:IOMeHOS. 113HaqaJihHO -

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

20 anpe;u1 1964

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DISCOVERY

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Ka crrycrn rrepelKHBaH CBOe co6cTBeHHOe OTKpb!THe IO Hott ,UeHeB.

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llEnOBEK AO>KASI Mara3MH «Wep6yprcKMe 30HTMKM» AeMCTBMTenbHO cy~ec1Bye1, HO B peanbHOCTM He OH BAOXHOBMn C03AaTenei.t OAHOMMeHHOro <l>MnbMa, a, Hao6opor, <l>MnbM 3ac1aBMn ero ocH0Ba1em1 nepeKBanM<l>MLIMPOBaTbC!I MOTKpblTb Mara3MH M<1>a6pMKY 30HTOB.

H cpoTOrpacp AHhec BapAa, rnpoMHO rrornyTHBIIIaH, qTQ eCJIH OHa 6hIJia «BTOpott ITOJIOBHHOH ,UeMH» (qTO

Boo6Ll-!e-TO rapOAY Wep6yp -

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rrpo3Byqano KaK «ITOJIOBHHOH ITOJIOBHHbl»), TO MOlKHO

11m1 lj11T6oy, KaK era Ha3BaH11e

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xorn rnnepb ylKe KalKeTCSI, '!TO OHl-1

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11 ne'laJlbHO 3HaMeHl1Tbl~ «Tl1Ta-

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B KOTOpOM cyll-!ecrnyeT '!YAeC-

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

1MaJI1954

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TaKHX B Mttpe He 6onee

10 IIITyK. llleCTh 30JIOTh!X KHpITttqHKOB

ITonyqttJIH B 1979-1981 ro,l(ax COTPY.l\HHKH, ITpopa6oTaBIIItte He Mettee 25 neT Ha 3aBo,l(e Hohenwestedt B repMaHHH, - B fO,!\ Harpa,!\bl Y.l\OCTattBaJIHCh J!Hlllh ,!\BOe pa6oqttx. I1 ell.le ,!\Ba TaKHX KHpITHqHKa ITO,!\apttJIH oqeHb Ba)!(Hh!M ,!\eJIOBh!M ITapTHepaM KOMITaHHH.

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110 JLem na3ai) noJLy11.en namenm Ha KllHU,ellRpCKYIO KHOnKY HaBepHHKa B IIIKOJie MHOrne l13 Bae ITO,!\KJia,!\bIBaJIH 3TO l1306peTeHtte HeMe11KOfO qacoBll.IHKa I1oratttta KttpCTeHa Ha CTYJI rnoeMy O.l\HOKJiacCHHKY HJIH ,l(a)!(e yqttTeJIIO . Ho eCTh MHO)!(eCTBO 6onee HHTepeCHh!X - ITOMHMO ITPHMOro - ITPHMeHeHHH KaH11enHpCKOH KHOITKH. HaITpttMep , aMepttKaHCKHH xy,!(0)!(Hl1K 3pttK ,[(eifr «pttcyeT» HMM ITOpTpeTbl. BMeCTO XOJICTa - ITpo6KOBh!H JIHCT 120x200 caHTHMeTpoB. Ha O.l\HH TaKoif «M03attqHhIH» ITOpTpeT yxo.l\HT 10- 25 Th!Olq KHOITOK l1 HeCKOJihKO He,!\eJih, a HHOr,!\a Mern11eB pa60Thl. Xy,!\O)!(HHK l1CITOJih3YeT TOJihKO ITHTh llBeTOB: 6eJib!H, KpaCHb!H, )!(eJITh!H, qeptthIH tt rnttttif. Ho ITOpTpeThI ITonyqaJOTOI peanttCTttqHhre, tt KJitteHThI ITJiaTHT 3a HHX ,l(eOITKH Th!Oiq ,!\OJIJiapoB.

9MaJI 1974

40 JLem na3ai) U3o6pemen KY6UK Py6uKa BettrepcKttif rnynhmop tt ITpeITo,!\aBaTeJih apxttTeKTYPhI 3ptte Py6ttK tt He AYMaJI tt3o6peTaTh ttrpyIIIKY -

OH C03,!\aBaJI yqe6ttoe IToco6tte, qT06hr o6b-

HCHHTh CTy,!\eHTaM OCHOBhl MaTeMaTttqecKOH Teoptttt rpyITIT. Ycrrex ITPHIIIeJI B 1980 ro,!\y, KOr,!\a aMepttKattcKaH KOMITaHttH Ideal Toy Corporation BhIKYITHJia JIHI.1eH3l1!0 l1 Haqana MaCCOBOe ITPOH3BO,!\CTBO rOJIOBOJIOMKH ITO,!\ Ha3BaHHeM «Ky6ttK Py6ttKa», KOTopy!O BITOCJie,!\CTBHH ITpl13HaBaJIH nyqIIIeif ttrpyIIIKOH ro,l(a B CIIIA, BenttKo6pttTaHHH, cf>paHI.1HH, fepMaHHH. B CCCP Ky6ttK ITOHBHJIOI B 1981 ro,!\y. Enaro,!\apH ycrrexy rnoero ,!\eTttll.la 3ptte Py6ttK C03,!\aJI Me)!(,l(yttapO,!\Hh!H <Pott,!\, ITO,!\,!\ep)!(ttBa!Oll.IHH MOJIO,!\h!X l1306peTaTeJieif. cf>attaThl fOJIOBOJIOMKH OCHOBaJIH BceMHPHYIO acco11ttaI.1H!O Ky6ttKa l1 Ka)!(,l(b!e ,!\Ba 3PHE PY61-1K noTPArnn UEnblill MECliU, 4T06bl PEWl-1Tb

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA TeHHHCHhitt TypHttp, Terrepb O.z:IHH H3 caMhIX H3BecTHhIX B Mttpe, ITOJiyqttJI HMH fappoca HCKJIIOqHTeJibHO 6naro,1:1apH ,1:1pyJKeCKoi1 ITaMHTH. B IIapttJKe cTpottJICH TeHHHCHhIH CTa,[IHOH, O,[IHHM l13 HHBeCTOpOB 6bIJI ,1:1pyr PonaHa ITO BhICIIIei1 IIIKOJie KOMMepQHH 3MttJih Jleche -

OH HaCTOHJI, qTOfaI 6y,1:1ymei1 apeHe ( OHa OT-

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CTOHTeJibHO. lfMeHHO Ha 3TOM HeHa,[leJKHOM MOHO-

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DISCOVERY

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KaK ypoJKeHeQ oCTpoBa PeIOHhOH

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

6HIOHH

1799

215 .nem na3ai} poiJu.nca A.neKcaniJp llyutKUH 06eTOHTeJiheTBa pO)l(Aemrn remrn peAKO Bhl3hIBalOT IIOBhIIIIeHHOe BHHMam1e rry6nwKlf - B ornwqwe OT o6eTOHTeJiheTB wx yxoAa H3 )l(H3HH. IIpo rroCJieAHIOJO AY3Jih IIyIIIKHHa, Ka3aJIOeh 6hI, TO)l(e lf3BeeTHO Bee. Ho oeTaeTrn Borrpoc: 3aqeM II03TY HY)l(Ha 6hIJia AY3Jih e AaHTeeoM? TOT 6hIJI 6e3 rrHTH MHHYT poAeTBeHHHKOM IIyIIIKHHa - yxa)l(wBaJI 3a pOAHOi1 eeCTpoi1 HaTaJihH foHqapoBoi1. MHO)l(eerno APY3ei1 rro3Ta IIhITanoeh A06HThrn OT Hero rrpwMwpeHHH e ¢paHI-IY30M - 6e3ycrreIIIHO. IIYIIIKHH 6yKBaJihHO HarrpaIIIHBaJirn Ha AY3Jih. 3ToMy eeTh ofrhHCHeHwe: e MOHapIIIero 6narornoBeHHH rro3T B3HJirn rrweaTh HeTopHIO IIeTpa BeJIHKOro. 11 B XOAe pa6oThl HaA Hei1 IIOHHJI: Hlfqero He Bh!XOAHT. Ta weTopwH, KOTopoi1 )l(AeT OT Hero roeyAaph - BenwqeerneHHaH, KparnBaH, repowqernaH, - rrpOTHBopeqwT cpaKTaM. Ho rrpoeTO TaK OTKa3aThrn OT 3aBepIIIeHHH TPYAa TO)l(e HeB03MO)l(HO . .11:y3Jih AaBana B03MO)l(HOeTh BhIIIYTaThrn H3 rnTya11ww: IIyIIIKHH paeeqwThIBaJI, qTo 3a yqaeTwe B Hei1 ero pa3)1(aJiy10T H3 rrpHABOpHhIX weTopworpacpoB If OTIIpaBHT B eehIJIKY B KaKoe-Hw6yAh Mwxai1JIOBeKoe. lllaHehI Ha 3TO 6hIJIH BeJIHKH, 6naro AY3JihHhie rrweToJieThI Toro BpeMeHw o6naAaJIH TaKoi1 TOqHoeThJO, qTo e AeCHTH IIIaroB AY3JIHHThI qa111e rrpoMaxwBanweh, qeM rrorraAaJIH B 11enh. YBhI, paeqeThI rro::na He orrpaBAaJIHeh: B KOH-TO BeKH rrynH YMYAPHJiaeh He rrpoi1rn MHMO.

6HIOHH

1984

30 .nem na3ai} U3o6pemen <!Tempuc»

1990 IOJ]., Hbto-tl\OPK. TETPV1C B V1CnonHEHV1V1 sinoHCKO\/\ NINTENDO- KOTOPO\/\ COBETC KAS1 BV1JJ.EOV1fPA B CBOE BPEMS1 nPV1HECn A HEMAnYIO nPV16blnb

DISCOVERY

J];eKa6ph 2014 I llHBaph 2015

CoBeTeKwi1 rrporpaMMHeT AneKeei1 Ila)l(HTHOB rrpwAyMaJI «TeTpwe» He paAH 3a6aBhI. Pa6oTaH Bna6opaTOpww Bh1qwenwTeJihHOro 11eHTpa AKaAeMHH HayK, Ila)l(HTHOB TPYAHJICH HaA rrpo6neMoi1 BeKa - pa3pa6oTKoi1 wrnyeerneHHoro HHTeJIJieKTa If paCII03HaBaHHeM MaIIIHHOH qeJIOBeqeCKOH peqw. AB Kaqeerne AHAaKTifqernoro MaTepwana HCIIOJ!h30BaJI eaMbie o6bJqHhie roJIOBOJIOMKH B TOM qwrne JIJ06HMhie COBeTeKOH HHTeJIJIHreHQHei1 IIOJIHMHHO. Boo6111e-TO eaMbIM rrorrynHpHbIM lf3 HHX 6bIJIO rreHTaMHHO - AOMHHO, 3JieMeHThl KOTOporo coeTOHT lf3 IIHTH KBaApaTHKOB. B 1960-e )l(ypHaJI «HayKa w )l(lf3Hh» Aa)l(e 3aBeJI oco6y10 py6pwKy, rAe peAaKQHH pa36wpana w30111peHHh1e Ka3yehI HaeTOJ!hHOro rreHTaMHHO. Ila)l(HTHOB TaK)l(e eo6wpanrn HCIIOJih30BaTb rreHTaMHHO, HO BhJqlfCJIHTeJibHhIX MOI11HOeTei1 KOMIIhlOTepoB «3JieKTpOHHKa-60» He XBaTaJio, TaK qTo HX HaeTaBHHKY rrpHIIIJIOeb orpaHHqlfThCH KOM6HHaQHHMH lf3 qeTb!pex, a He IIHTH 6JIOKOB. IIoene Toro KaK 16-JieTHHH MOeKOBeKHH BYHAepKHHA BaAHM reparnMOB rreperrwean KOA wrphI AJIH IBM PC, «TeTpwe» Haqan eBoe rro6eAHOe IIIeernwe ITO BeeMy MHpy.113 Co103a OH IIOIIaAaeT B BeHrpH!O, OTTyAa - B BeJIHK06pwTaHHIO, rAe eBOJO Beprn10 wrphI BhmyrnaeT Mirrorsoft Po6epTa MaKeBenna: eKaqeeTBeHHOH rpacpHKOH If 3BYKOBh!Mlf 3cpcpeKTaMH If aHTypa)l(eM COBeTCKOH «KJIJOKBhI». B 3aeTaBKax rroHBJIHJOTrn rropTpeThI rarapwHa w MaTwaea PyeTa - Bee, qT06hI C03AaTh «TeTpwey» HMHA)i( «rrepBOH KOMIIhlOTepHOH mph!, rrpopBaBIIIei1rn H3-3a )l(eJie3Horo 3aHaBeea». Pa3ropaeTrn err op 06 aBTOprnwx rrpaBax, B KOTOpb!H BKJIJOqaeTrn If HIIOHCKaH Nintendo, e ee rrpOAYKTa wrpy KOirnpyIOT o6opOTHeThie KHTaHCKHe lfH)l(eHephl, HaJiaAHBIIIHe npOH3BOAeTBO «TeTpHCOB» KapMaHHOro ¢opMaTa.11MeHHO B 3TOM BHAe wrpyIIIKa B03Bpa111aeTrn BrroeTCOBeTCKYIO Poern10, rAe e10 YBJieKaJOTCH MHJIJIHOHhl - HO Mano KTO lf3 HHX IIOA03peBaeT, qTo «TeTpHe» rrpHAyMaJI HX COOTeqeeTBeHHHK.

DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

30 .nem na3aiJ 3/Cen""una BnepBble ...,, 6blUIJla 6 omKpblmblU KOCMOC

lloc;ie nollema Ballenmunbl TepeutKOBOU B coBemcKou npecce noRBUJlacb KapuKamypa: 6ouKaR iJeBlf.YutKa noKa3bt6aem CBOUM cBepcmnuKa.M-Mllllblf.UutKa.M iJyJtro, Bonpoutaa: «Hy u ziJe menepb Baute npeuMyut,ecmBo 6 Koc.Moce?» B 1984 zoiJy CBemJtana CaBUU,KaR npuBnecJta ew,e oiJun apzyMenm 6 3mom cnop, npoucxoiJuButuu 6 Ka:JJCOOM coBemcKoM iJBope. Ee nyTh Btte6o 6b!J1 npe1:ionpe,11enett e,11eTeTBa. CaBm.-1KaH po,111rnaeh BeeMhe Mapwana amrnQJUf EBremrn CaBHQKoro 11 ero eynpyrn JI11,111111 IIaBJIOBHhI, ycneBrneif HaJieTaTb HeMaJIO qacoB BO cppOHTOBOM tte6e. Ho BCBOeM nYTH ,110% HaMHOro npeB30IIIJia po,1111TeJiett, B3JieTeB Ky,11a BhIIIIe. UeHTpanbttaH neTHo-Textt11qernaH IIIKOJia ,[(OCAA <l>, MAH, rnKona neTq11KoB-11cnb1TaTeneif np11 M11ttaB11anpoMe, tteCKOJibKO neT BHCTihITaTeJibHOM OTpH.zie KE 51KOBJieBa ... EIQe ,110 By3a CaBHQKaH ycneBaeT ycrnttOBHTh TPH MHpOBbIX peKop.zia B naparnIOTHhIX npbDKKax 113 eTpaTOecpepbl, a B 1970-M eTaHOBlfTCH qeMnHOHKOtt MHpa no BhierneMy n11n0Ta)l(y. CnoBOM, K MOMeHTY 3aq11cJieHHH B OTPH.11 KOeMOHaBTOB B 1980 ro.ziy CaBHQKaH Morna JierKO 3aTKHYTb 3a noHe MHOflfX KOJIJier-My)l(q!fH. I1 Kor.zia BeTaJI Bonpoe 0 TOM, qTQ CoBeTeKoMy Co103y no pa npeo.zioneTh oqepe,11tty10 nnattKy B Me)l(,11yttapo,11HOH KOeM11qeCKOH rOHKe If OTnpaBHTb )l(eHIQHHY B 6e3B03.11YIIIHOe npoeTpatteTBO, nyqrneif Katt,1111,11aTypb1 6hrno He ttaifrn.

DISCOVERY

,[(eKa6pb 2014 I llttBapb 2015

B nepBbitt pa3 CaBHQKaH noneTena tta op611Ty B 1982-M. BTopoif - B 1984-M, Bee Ha TOT )l(e «CaJllOT-7», e 6oprn KOTOporo If COBepIIIHJia Bb!X0,11 BOTKpb!Tblll KOCMOe, r.zie npoBeJia 3 qaca 34 MHHYTbl. Brnope Otta ,110Jl)l(Ha 6bJJia eTaTb KOMatt,1111poM KOpa6JIH, qeif 3KHna)I( coeTOHT TOJ!bKO 113 )l(eHIQHH. Ho 3annatt11p0Batttth1tt Ha 1986 ro.zi noneTTaKoro 3KHna)l(a Ha KOpa6ne «COI03-T» K op611TaJibHOH eTaHQlflf «CaJIIOT-7 » He coeTOHJICH no pH.ziy np11q11H - B nepBYIO oqepe,11h 113-3a Toro, qTQ «CaJIIOT» 6brno pernetto cn11eaTb, 3anyeTHB BMeeTO Hero «MHp». ,[(JIH CBeTJiatthI CaBHQKoif 3TOT noneT ,110JI)l(ett 6hIJI eTaTb TpeTbHM B ee KOeM11qeCKOH Kapbepe, ,11JIH EnettbI ,[(06poKBarn11ttoif 11 EKaTep11ttb1 I1BattoBoif - 3Be3,11Hb!M ,11e610TOM . Ho Bee OH!f oeTaJI!feb Ha 3eMJie. BnpoqeM, CBeTJiatty CaBHQKYIO MO)l(HO If cer0,11HH o6ttapy)l(HTb B KOeMoee - ee HMetteM tta3BaHbl QeJibIX ,11Ba aCTepo11,11a: N 2 4303 - «CaBHQKaH» 11 N2 4118 - «CBeTa» .

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140 .nem pycctcoU me.nbHRuttce Jlemo.M 1954 zoiJa nepeiJ npue.MHOU tco.Muccueu BI'HKa npeiJcmall a6umypueHm. PocllblU napeHb 6 canozax u 6protcax-tclleiu, c BUOHerout,u.Muca U3-noiJ nuiJ:HCatca nolloctca.Mu mellbHRiutcu, - Beeb BuiJ ezo zoBopull, tf.mo OH iJe.Mooullu3oBallcR U3 </.Jlloma. Ko.MuccUR obllla HacmpoeHa tcpumutf.ectcu: mollbtco «opamuiuetc» He xBamallo Bxpa.Me UCK)'CCmBa.

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1928 fO,lla

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DISCOVERY

,[(eKa6pb

2014

I 51ttsapb 2015

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DISCOVERY TEMA HOMEPA

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY

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B cTettax 3Toro CJIOJKHocoqHHettttoro 3AaHHH otta

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DISCOVERY

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DISCOVERY

J];eKa6ph 2014 I llttBapb 2015

•

Aem•

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DISCOVERY

J];eKa6ph 2014 I llHBaph 2015

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DISCOVERY TPAAMl.IMM

COKOnVIHbli:1 rncnVITAJlb A6Y-JJ,A6VI HE 3HAET OT-

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cnmKHEi:1WVIEOnEPAL\VIVI, HO VI nPOBOAS1T TEKYU\Vli:1

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rropoH: rrp11BeIIIHBa10T 6y6eHl.lhI, a B Hallie

K 3arraxy Bna.11enh11a 11 Ha11an eMy .110Be-

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era KOfTl1 He BIIl1BaJil1Ch B KO)!(y, X03Hl1H

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crroco6HOCTb

eme

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B A6y-,[(a6tt ttay'IHJIHCb rrpoBO/:IHTb rrpo-

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DISCOVERY nYHKT HA3HA"IEHl1SI

IAe HaXOA111Tcs:i n111sHas:1 cTon111u,a M111pa? >K111rnn111 Yex111111 ysepeHbl, •no 111MeHHO y Hll1X, B8Ab B 3TOC1 CTpaHe eCTb H8CKOnbKO HaceneHHblX nyHKTOB, rAe Bapm OTnW-IHOe nll1BO, ll13B8CTHOe Ha B8Cb Mll1p. Ben Ke nonOBll1LJ,e -

OAHO 1113 TaKll1X MeCT.

it-+ 140 neT B AepeBywKe Be11Ke nonoB~ue

C»

HenoAaneKy OT nparn pa6oTaeT OAHO~MeHHast n~BOBapHSI @. KpyrnylO AaTy WYMHO ~ Bece110 OTMern11~ BnepBylO cy66oTy ~IOHSI Ha TpaA~U~OHHOM «,[l,He K03Jla», co6paBWeM rocrn~ co Bee~ EBponb1. Cneu~anbHO K Kpyrno~ Aarn c BOK3a11a nparn B COCeAH~~ c Be11Ke nonoB~ue ropOAOK CTpaH4~Ue 3anycrn11~ crap~HHbl~ noe3A. rnaBHOe AOCTO~HCTBO TaKOro nyrnwecrn~st - norpyi1<eH~e BaTMoccpepy KOHUa XIX BeKa, KOrAa 6apoH <t>paHrnweK P~Hrxocpcpep II peKOHCTpy~poBan crap~HHYIO n~BOBapHIO B Be11Ke nonoB~ue, OCHaCrnB ee caMblM COBpeMeHHblM Ha TOT MOMeHT o6opyAOBaH~eM.

CaMbl~ ~3BeCTHbl~ 6peHA :no~ n~BOBapH~ POA~JlCSI B1874 roAy. nonereHAe, Bee npo~3ow110, KOrAa6apoH P~Hr xocpcpep np0Bepst11 Ka4ecrno Han~TKa. ~3ApeB11e srn Aenanocb CJleAylO~~M o6pa30M: n~BOBap BKOJKaHblX WTaHax CaA~JlCSI Ha AepeBSIHHYIO CKaMblO, non~TYIO n~BOM, ~ ecn~ 4epe3 4aC CKaMbSI np~11~na11a KWTaHaM - n~BO C4~Ta110Cb Ka4eCTBeHHblM. 6apoH KaK pa3 nblTaJlCSI BCTaTb, KOrAa nacw~~CSI PSIAOM K03Jl~K HeOJK~AaHHO pa36eJKaJlCSI ~co BCe~ C~Jlbl YAaP~Jl poraM~ no cKaMe~Ke. 6apoH <t>paHrnweK ornern11 Bcrnr ceHa, 04eHb Kcrarn HaXOA~Bw~~cst no611~3ocrn . CKaMe~Ka np~ 3TOM He OTKJle~JlaCb, 4TO 04eB~AHO npOAeMOHCTp~poBaJlO Be11~K011enHoe Ka4ecrno Han~TKa .

)to+

it-+ ~crnp~st sra TaK no3a6aB~11a Bcex np~cyTcrnylO~~x. 4TO n~Bo no11y4~110 Ha3BaH~e «BenKOnonoB~UK~~

6palKeH~e lK~BOTHOro nostB~JlOCb

K03ell», a ~3oHa 3M6JleMe n~BOBapH~.

Ha rnpp~rnp~~ 3aBOAa, KCTarn, lK~BeT ~ Hacrnst~~~ K03Jl~K no KJ1~4Ke OllbAa O , KOTOporo pa60TH~K~ n~BOBapH~ XOJlSIT ~ 11e11e10T. i.+ My3e~ n~Ba 0 nostB~ncst B Be11Ke nonoB~ue BCKope

nocne Toro, KaK n~BOBapHst Bbinycrnna nepBylO naprnlO neHHoro Han~TKa. B «,D,eHb K03na» nonaCTb CIOAa MOlKHO, 3an11arnB 4~CTO C~MBOJl~4eCKYIO cyMMy. Bae BCTpernT ra3eT4~K. OAeTbl~ no MOAe 1890-x rDAOB. 06st3aTellbHO B03bM~Te y Hero «npeccy» - nporpaMMY npa3AH~4HblX Meponp~strn~ . it-+ Bo BpeMst npa3AH~Ka MOJKHO no3HaKOM~TbCst c TpaA~U~OHHblM~ peMecnaM~. ~CnbnaTb

Aene

0 , HacnaA~TbCst

ce6st B KY3He4HOM

4ewcrnM~ HapoAHblM~ TaHUaM~

~ neCHSIM~. ~.

KOHe4HO lKe, nonpo6oBaTb TpaA~U~OHHble 61110Aa - JKapeHble wn~Ka4K~ ~ yrnneHUbl (re JKe wn~Ka4K~. TOJlbKO Map~HOBaHHble), rpeHK~ ~3 plKaHoro 4ewcK~e

x11e6a(Ton~HK~)~11~TawT~4K~,op~r~Ha11bHWe«BapeH~K~ no-4ewcK~» c rncrnM ~3 Kaprncpe!lbHOro n10pe, cpapw~po BaHHble rp~6aM~. Kanycrn~. CblpOM, BeT4~HO~ ~ 3e11eHblO, 06lKapeHHble BO cpp~TIOpe.

DISCOVERY

J];eKa6pb 2014 I 51ttsapb 2015

M 3Kcno3111.!11SI My3esi no3HaKOMl1T c pa3B11rneM rexHo11orn11 nl1BOBapeHl1SI, Bbl YB11A11Te CTap11HHble KOTJlbl, npoClleA11Te 3B011IOL!l1IO n11BHblX 6yTblflOK 11 3rnKeTOK, y3Haern Hel13BeCTHWe crpaHl1L!W 11crop1111 nl1BOBapeHl1SI BOo6uie 11 «Be11KOnonoBl1L!KOro K0311a» B 4acrnocrn G. TaK, BO BpeMSI nepBol1 M11pOBOl1 BOl1Hbl nl1BOBapHS1 OKa3allaCb Ha rpaHl1 3aKpb1rnsi 113-3a HexBaTKl1 Sl4MeHsi . B11acrn ABcrpo-BeHrp1111 pe3KO orpaH114111111 ero o6opor, HO n11BoBapaM YAa11ocb AOKa3aTb 411HOBHl1KaM, 4TO neHHbll1 Hanl1TOK TOJKe MOJKeT noM04b B 6opb6e c ro110AOM - no111111rp0Basi KPYJKKa no Kallop11l1Hocrn paBHOCl111bHa 225 rpaMMaM MSICa. .,. Boo6uie TPYAHO nepeol!eH11Tb BKflaA BllaAellbl!eB n11BoBapH11 Bpa3Bl1rne 3TOro Kpasi. 0Hl1 CTP0111111 HOBble AOPOrl-1, Bb1caJK11Ba1111 poui11, Bb1Kyna1111 np11weAw11e B 3anycreH11e 3AaHl1SI 11Aap11111111M HOBYIO JKl13Hb . B OAHOM 113 Hl1X, ABOPL!e WrnplK11H, noc11e peKOHCTPYKL.!111106ocH0Ba11ocb ceMel1crno 6apoHa - noKa B 1945 rDAY 4YAOM YL!e11eBw11l1 ABOpel! He 6blfl Hal.!110Ha1111311POBaH, 11 B HeM pa3MeCrnllCSI L!eHTP pea6111111Tal.!1111 AflSI AeTel1, nepelKl1BWl1X yJKaCbl KOHL!llarepel1.

WrnpJK11H - OA11H 113 nyHKTOB nporsiJKeHHOro (0Ko110

20 Kl1110MeTpOB) ryp11crn4eCKOro Mapwpyra «no ClleAaM 6apoHa P11Hrxo<1><1>epa» . Mapwpyr Ha411Haercsi B Mecre4Ke M11powoB11L!e 11 3aKaH411Baercsi B ce11e KaMeH11L!e, rAe eCTb euie OA11H 3aMOK, np11HaA11eJKaBw11l1 npOMblWlleHHl1Ky. no nyrn Bbl noM11Mo Be11Ke nonoB11L!e nocernrn np11-

POAHbll1 napK «Be11KononOBl1L!Kl1l1 Kpal1», rAe Hac11aAl1TeCb npeKpacHblMl1 Bl1AaM11 pern Ca3aBbl, ropOAOK Kocrn11el!y-KpJK11JKKY c APeBHl1M Kocrn110M . TaKJKe Bbl yB11A11Te ceMel1Hy10 ycb1na11bHl1L!Y P11Hrxo<1><1>epoB, crary10 Xp11cra AllSI KOTOpol1 C03Aa11 Be11114al1w11114eWCKl111 CKYllbnTOp ~03e MblCllb6eK, 4bl1 pa60Tbl B npare yKpawalOT co6op CBSITOro B11ra, Ha!.!110HallbHbll1 rnarp, MHOrQ411ClleHHble MOCTbl 11 Bal!llaBCKYIO nllOU\aAb. . . TaK 4TO Be11Ke nonOBl1L!e - 3TO He TOllbKO n11BO, HO 116orarasi11CTOPl1SI. 3AeCb pery11sipHO npOXOASIT npa3AH11Kl1, KOTOpb1e np113BaHbl no3HaKOMl1Tb rocrnl1 c KYllbTypol1 crpaHbl. noc11eAH11e sipK11e Meponp11sirnsi, npoweAw11e B Be11Ke nonOBl1L!e, - npa3AH11K ypoJKaSI ,IJ,OJKl1HKl111 «Ko116acK0<1>ecT», orn114a10ui11ecsi oco6ol1, no4rn AOMawHel1 arMoc<1>epol1.

,[(o caMoro KOHQa

XVI

cTonenu1 ocTpoB MaBp11K11i1 6hIJI a6coJIIOTHO 6e3JIIOAeH. IloTOM Ha HeM

BhICaA11Jil1Cb fOJIJiaHACKl1e IIJiaHTaTOpbI 11 rrp1rne3Jil1 CIOAa Bee, 'IeM cerOAHH OCTpOBHOe rocyAapcTBO no rrpaBy ropA11TCH, - MHOfOHaQ110HaJibHOe Hacenem1e, caxapHbIH TpOCTHHK ... ,[(a)l(e KpaCHbie ¢YAM, IIOXO)l(He Ha HpKO paCKparneHHbIX BOpo6beB, 11 Te rrptt6bIJil1 CIOAa BCJieA 3a KOJIOHH3aTopaMl1.

~ Map~~

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c BbIMepIIIM:M AOAO 3a MeCTO Ha MarHM:TM:Kax AJI51 TypttCTOB.

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100

DISCOVERY

AeKa6pb

2014 I llHBapb 2015

3hIBaTh ee JiaT11HCKl1M 11MeHeM -

Foudia

madagascarensis, Ma,11ararnapcK11H cpy,1111. TeM 6oJiee qTQ He see 113 3Tl1X rrpe,11cns11TeJieil: ceMeHCTBa TKaq11KOBhJX - Kpaettbie. OrrepeH11e MOJKeT 6b1Th 11 opaHJKeBhIM, 11,11aJKe KaHapeeqHo-JKeJIThIM .

K moMy JKe maKoe 5tpKoe o6Jia'leHue npucyiqe mollbKo caMl{aM - nepb51 caMoK cpyou oKpameHbl 6 npu6bl'lHble 6opo6buHblel{Bema, KOpU'1He6ble u 0JlU6K06ble. H oaJ/Ce GaMl{bl 14e20J15t10m Hap5tOHblM onepeHueM He Bee BpeM5t, a mollbKo 6 6pa'1HblU nepuoo. Ma,11ararnapcK11H: cpy,1111 rr11TaeTrn HaceKoMhIMl1 11 HeKTapoM -

OH He rrpoqb 11 rro-

JiaKOMl1ThCH co,11eplKl1MhIM TpOCTHl1KOBhIX CTe6JieH, 11 yrrOTpe611Th B Ill1Il\Y IlOJieBhlX spe,1111TeJieil:. Ho Hl1 TO Hl1 ,11pyroe He

cn-

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"CJ T06h1 rrorraCTh Ha Masp11K11H, KparnoMY cpy,1111 rrp11111JIOCh Hayq11Thrn BhIJK11saTh. ITpeJK,11e Ha rrpornJKeHl111 MHOrl1X CTOJieTl1H 3Tl1 rrTl1llhI HaceJIHJil1 ,11escrneHHh1e Jieca po,11Horo Ma,11aracKapa -

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rubra),

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101

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102

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2014 I JIHBapb 2015

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105

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106

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DISCOVERY

III,

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116

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119