Architecture
Minimalist Architecture Deconstructive Architecture
Green Architecture
Futuristic Architecture
By: Luis Antonio Hernadez
By: Jusmy Rodriguez Layneth Legon
By: Luisa Duran
By: Genesis Mendoza
By: Gheorghe Montezuma
Minimalist Architecture Minimalism emerged in the late '60s in New York, but its origins are rooted in Europe, the first ideas of the German architect Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, one of the most important architects of this century.
Ludwig
Mies Van Der Rohe elaborates his ideas about the purity of form during his tenure in the direction of the School of Art and Design at the Bauhaus in Germany in the late '30s. Shortly thereafter, due to the process of the second world war, emigrated to the United States, where he was known as an influential architect and designer, and nationalizes U.S..
Entered the 60 participating in New York's art movement and geometric least in the visual arts. Although not the only one who spoke, his version of rationalism and functionalism subsequently, have become models for the rest of his century professionals. His influence can be summarized in a phrase which he dictated and that has become the motto of the modern architecture of the first half of the twentieth century: "less is more".
“Less Is More� Minimal art shows in New York in the sixties and permeates various creative fields such as sculpture, painting, dance, music, theater, film and even fashion, in one instance closest to consumption. These are the years in which Marilyn Monroe suicide and Phillip Johnson says the Seagram Building as the ultimate icon of modernity. It lifts the Pan Am skyscraper, designed by Walter Gropius, next to Grand Central Station in New York that transforms the urban and architectural scale of Park Avenue, one of the most emblematic streets of the city. Frank Lloyd Wright built the Guggenheim next to Central Park.
There
is a minimalism that is expressed in the large-scale sculpture in the value of large simple shapes, like skyscrapers, and moreover minimalism is perceived more in nakedness and simplicity of the interior space, the quality of the detail technical and domestic perception of materiality. Minimalism, in short, is manifested in the reduction of the elements of language and the simplification of forms, both in the pursuit of transparency and immateriality as the creation of solid, strong, stable and gestalt.
“Less Is More� While
minimalist art history is the crisis of modernity, the condition is minimalist in architecture and undeniable references to some of the modern masters like Mies Van Der Rohe. His famous phrase "less is more" is like a flag that defines minimalism as reducing child of cosmetic and plastic. The search is oriented in the sense that either reduce the most eloquent gesture. It is no longer necessary to leave the structure in sight, Le Corbusier proclaimed purism: more interested in pure flat, smooth and white that openness of the material or the displaying of a structure.
“Less Is More� From
the second half of the sixties, minimalist theory stimulates an unprecedented relationship between the work and the receiver from the point of view of the mechanisms of perception, a relationship that explores the modern tradition and their own margins. Each artistic contribution and projecting open a new inquiry into its own materiality and dematerialization possibilities.
The European work Vassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich and Piet Mondrian, as draft Walter Gropius, Mies Van Der Rohe and Le Corbusier, this process will be seminal in search of a new artistic status as the most purely reveal structural formal compositional and conceptual new art.
Minimalist Architecture Minimalism
comes a trend which rescues the concept of "minimum". Mies Van Der Rohe pioneered this trend by proposing his famous phrase: "less is more" hence the term drift and tendency to get a lot with the bare minimum.
It
is considered to reduce the tendency of the essentials without leftover decorations, to stand by its geometry and its simplicity. It's straight, transparencies, textures, is functionality and spaciousness, is light and the environment.
The
minimalist architecture expands very quickly, thanks to the simplicity of its lines. A symbol of modern architecture that uses elementary geometry forms.
Minimalism
is a sign of our times, the cool minimalist architecture is not human, it highlights the nature and light. In almost all modern developments involving this style.
Glass,
stone, rustic plaster and wood. A whole range of natural materials combined in compositions of straight lines and rational.
The
use of light and spaciousness are very particular in this style. The harmony of materials and shapes distinguish this current present in all forms of art.
All facades stand straight lines and blocks of outright forms. From the color tends to monochrome tones predominating soft white and ecru. Always creating contrasts of materials and textures.
The architecture uses minimalist monochromatic environments. A break in minimalism can be given to paint a wall in a raised tone than the rest of the atmosphere, but does not allow changes so bold as bright colors or very far from the neutral (browns, beiges, tans).
“Minimalist Architecture Design� This design style house to Minimalism seeks greater contact with the outside. Three fifths of the plan lead to open spaces to maintain a relationship with the outside. Man builds on nature but must respect it.
The "house W" ​devotes a significant proportion of the design for it, close
the line between space where nature dominates and housing is present. In the East, especially in Japan, Minimalist architecture is preferred, synthesis and design expresses understands the house as the solution to a problem limited to what is really essential.
The
inhabitants of this minimalist house at all times have access to outer space, natural light and outside air. Minimalist architecture is understood here as a fashion, is a style perfects gracefully design solutions, achieving true models.
The
environments are simply the result of the definition of a floor and a ceiling. All finished in white, as do the Japanese, further accentuates the minimum expression. Walls of glass and almost private areas exposed.
“Features of Minimalism� Minimalism
is characterized by extreme simplicity of its forms, clean lines, neutral colors and clear spaces, in an environment with balance and harmony.
In
short, the philosophy of minimalism seeks construct each space with the minimum possible number of elements, so as to eliminate or avoid everything that could be fitting.
First
of all open spaces are privileged, preferably high, and free. A functional harmonious environment outside the concept of excess, saturation and visual pollution. It also avoids the cacophony, repetition and any visual redundancy. It could be considered a "antibarroquismo" aesthetic. Everything should be soft, calm and order, nothing superfluous and baroque excesses or stridency, often oblivious to the world outside. Sobriety without ornamentation.
In
minimalism all elements must combine and form a unit, putting the whole over the parts. The space itself is very important, never "overshadowed" by the decorative elements. In this context, there is a clear primacy to sleek and low, almost at ground level, with absolute monochromatic roofs, floors and walls, complemented by furniture
“Features of Minimalism� Colors
One of the main features
of minimalism is the use of pure colors, surfaces or backgrounds with monochromatic tones predominating soft white and ecru. Also incorporated toasted or black with subtle touches of color to accentuate details and accessories. When we think of the target there is to know, not to forget, that white is a color with a wide range of tonal variations that can multiply the luminosity.
The
contrast is provided by some ornamental details of which, in any case, be abused. The detail of color, red or maybe a pistachio, can be given by a rug, a pillow, or a single object
“Features of Minimalism� Materials Materials are one of the key points of minimalism. In the minimalist setting timber is used both in homes and in furniture, and rustic materials: smooth cement, glass, steel wire, and stones venecita mainly unprocessed, minimally manipulated.
Furniture The
furniture itself take the concept of minimalism of simplicity and functionality, less is more. Austerity in the design and the amount of furniture, are basic to the minimalist decor. Not always available fixtures. Often hidden or stored in furniture or shelving. Modern furniture and oriental look great with this type of decoration.
“Features of Minimalism�
Walls
On
the walls is to avoid all ornament that is more, but you can use any pictures featured in the presence or importance. An author box is a good resource. Smooth walls light colored or lined with stone, as the only decorative element.
Minimalist Architecture Trends
In recent years, the design of the facade and the integration of
the building with its surroundings are the areas of research and expressive means showing that enrich contemporary architects and minimalist design. Such is the case of Herzog & De Meuron, Rem Koolhaas and Peter Zumthor, using materials like basalt, copper or basaltic glass on the facades of their buildings. His projects they depict irrefutably where are installed and have a special care for the construction details.
Tadao
Ando, exclusively uses concrete, because it allows perfect forms and represent the Japanese building tradition. Another common characteristic of the wide range of modalities dematerialization is minimalist, consisting of the will of the architects of the building made ​invisible. Architects assigned to this trend are Jean Nouvel, Dominique Perrault or Toyo Ito, plus Rafael Moneo or Norman Foster that are unusual in this trend.
Luis Barragan projects, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Ă lvaro Siza Vieira, among others, deserve special mention as his works reflect a greater abstraction in the composition of architectural spaces. The geometry and design of the buildings as real sculptures makes them stand out, as well as the accuracy of the materials and the detailing of the volumes.
Minimalist Home Designs Casa W
Casa
W sits in the windy seaside town of Huentelauquén. The house has 3 rooms, 2 bathrooms, living and dining room and a set of courtyards. The proposal addresses the main demands of creating spaces protected from the winds and staying within the predetermined budget.The house was situated parallel to the seafront, facing west. Common areas are to the south, with privileged views, integrating kitchen, dining and living rooms. Most of the façades are composed by a wrap-around wall built in vertical planks of pine wood, which allows for the articulation of a series of intermediate spaces and visually controls any future neighboring constructions. These inner courtyards reference the need to contain the predominant wind of the area – one expands the common areas and the other provides a safe environment for the family’s leisure.Predominantly built in wood, glass and stone, this transparent house salutes the classic mid-century modernism of Mies Van Der Rohe and Philip Jonhson, while remaining fresh and elegant in the style of contemporary Chilean architecture.
Kifissia, Atenas, Grecia.
Minimalist Bathrooms
GREEN ARCHITECTURE reen architecture is defined as the G current architecture which seeks to include in the structure of a natural building wholly or simply coating the same, but not only structural but also in the same sustainability of this, this is achieved by implement the right technology to segaste less energy, natural insulation, proper Also, green architecture is a very lighting (Touch Fernandez, 2009) it interesting topic, which has becomes a green building. increased in the last century study as to implement in our homes comes reduce costs, risks etc. Also this will enhance the health and increase the convenience of users, this thanks to which are natural materials will lead to improved quality of life of the occupants. These studies have resulted in introducing more green elements in buildings building makes it reduces its impact on the environment.
Every day, all new construction projects in the world are more focused on the ecology, especially in houses or homes and buildings, green architecture (green) and ceased to be a vision for the future and is now a reality, this is because the advantages of this architecture far outweighs the disadvantages that can have, and in most countries each day promoting green architecture with more discounts or tax incentives. One of the most important advantages as the name implies, is that this architecture is 100% in favor of the environment to combat global warming, many of the materials used have been reused for construction.
Green building is more expensive than the normal construction because the materials used do not find them anywhere, and also some materials are still in technological development and are still very expensive, this is one of the disadvantages but not for long, will demand that these materials in a couple of years forced the market to lower prices, so the initial investment far exceeds that of a normal construction investment. But this will be offset by all the years of energy savings that will have long-term owner.
Jewels of green architecture. We speak here of architecture 'green' under the concept of integration of space structures plant in movable and immovable property, and not on the buildings 'intelligent' or 'green', that make use of new technologies and alternative energy to contribute equally to a improving living conditions and respect for the environment. As will be shown below.
Bus stop in san francisco.
The furniture can also serve as
a platform for the 'green fever'. This was designed by Diane Loviglio.
Nine houses, dietikon (switzerland).
Complex
created by Peter Vetsch and reminds us to the homes of the hobbits.
Academy of sciences, california.
Designed
by Italian Renzo Piano with inspiration in the topography of San Francisco and with the mission of providing space for skylights and solar panels.
School of art and design, singapore. A
curved roof and 'green' building glass protects perfectly lit.
Building In Stuttgart, Germany. Green dominates the 'skyline' of the German city where, as in Switzerland, is mandatory in the new flat roofs.
Athenaeum hotel, london. By Patrick Blanc, expert garden implement facades, whom he calls 'vertical gardens'.
Caixaforum, Madrid. Spain also has vertical gardens Blanc's hand, as this beautiful building in the capital.
Pont juvenal, aix-enprovence (france). Awesome bridge 'green', Patrick Blanc also work.
Futuristic Architecture
Art
movement of the early twentieth century who rejected traditional aesthetics and tried to glorify contemporary life, based on his two dominant themes: the machine and motion. Its purpose was to awaken Italian cultural apathy that was sunk from the late eighteenth century, attacked the museums and academies, the worship of the ancient Italian art and all other times
One of the pioneers was Antonio Sant'Elia.
His
drawings show markedly vertical buildings, sometimes with lifts (elevators) and external avenues crossed by streets or high. These utopian projects and their exhortations on the use of new industrial materials, make it as one of the pioneers of the modern movement in architecture. The problem of futuristic architecture is not a linear retrofit problem. It is about finding uturism, demanded a new artistic concept new ways, new window and door profiles, or replace columns, pillars. That is, it is not based on the dynamics of the velocity, that leaving the brick facade, to revoke or stone for the Futurists was essential and peculiar lining it, or make formal differences to modern life. between the new and the old building, but creating the Futurist house, of constructing it with all the resources science and technology; nobly meet every need of our customs and our spirit, trampling all that is grotesque, heavy and antithetical to us (tradition, style, aesthetics, proportion), creating new forms, new lines, a new harmony contours and volumes, an architecture that finds its justification only in the special conditions of modern life and to find correspondence and aesthetic value in our sensitivity..
F
Characteristics of futuristic architecture. •The Futurist architecture is the architecture of calculation, of reckless daring and simplicity, the architecture of reinforced concrete, iron, glass, cardboard, textile fiber and all wood substitutes, of stone and brick, allowing maximum flexibility and lightness. •However, there is an arid combination of practicality and usefulness, but remains art, ie synthesis and expression; •The oblique lines and elliptic lines are dynamic, which by their very nature have expressive power of a thousand times the horizontal and perpendicular lines. •The decor, as something superimposed on architecture is absurd, and that only the use of the original provision and the crude material or seen or violently colored depends decorative value of Futurist architecture.
This
constant renewal of the architectonic environment will contribute to the victory of Futurism which already prevails in the words freedom, plastic dynamism, music without quadrature and the art of noise, and we fought relentlessly against the cowardly extension of the past .
Architectural
Expressionism. Expressionism in architecture is one of the movements of the early twentieth century to which they had paid little attention despite having had a strong influence on the formation of the modern movement.
The New Era. In
1997, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry, founded a new stage in the history of architecture. He was the first famous architect, using digital technology, built a building complex ways that would have previously been nearly impossible to achieve. In his work on the digital revolution, the architect FredyMassad and Alicia Guerrero Yeste argue that "Gehry broke the monotony and disappointment. Architects like Greg Lynn Young, Ben Van Berkel, Alejandro Zaera-Polo or Winny Maas enthusiastically toured schools, magazines symposia and preaching a new formal world produced by technology. "early tests ended in failure constructed buildings or distant to what appeared in computer graphics. But "everyone wanted to experiment with corrugated surfaces and distorted forms," according to Massad.
The computer invites
fantasize and it shows. This revolution is not an act of reaction against established models but the realization of a new sensibility. Far from the theory, research on botany applied to digital architectural experimentation in the case of farm tower, raises the possibility of a new generation of development structures which would be based on the characteristics of a plant organism
The
deconstruction is an
architectural movement that was born in the late 1980s. Characterized by fragmentation, the nonlinear design process, interest in the manipulation of ideas and surface structures in appearance of the non-Euclidean geometry, (for example, nonrectilinear forms) used to distort and dislocate some of the basic principles of architecture as the structure and the building envelope. The visual appearance late deconstructionist school building is characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos. It is based on theoretical and literary movement also called deconstruction. The name derives from the Russian Constructivism also existed during the 1920s where some of his inspiration takes forma.
The
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, by Frank Gehry, is one of the most spectacular buildings of Deconstructivism. From organic contours, comes to resemble a ship. Its shiny titanium panels, reminiscent of fish scales, reflecting the river Nervi贸n
The
deconstructivism plays in modern architecture, a role opposite of orderly rationality of modernism and postmodernism. Although both postmodernists as deconstructivist theories jointly published in the journal Oppositions (published in the period 1973 to 1984), these items also opened a decisive breakthrough between the two movements.
The
ZAHA HADID, PRINCESS DECONSTRUCTIVIST This
princess Iraqi born in Baghdad in 1950. Studied in Iraq, Lebanon and Switzerland, graduating in pure mathematics. In 1971 he moved to England and enters the Architectural Association in London, graduating in 1977 as outstanding student. Choose this capital as a residence and works with Rem Koolhaas. In 1979 he opened his own workshop known worldwide as OZH (Office Zaha Hadid).
deconstructivist reading of Complexity and Contradiction is quite different. The basic building was the subject of the problems and intricacies in deconstructivism, without letting go of the ornamentation. Rather than separating ornament and function, like postmodernists, questioned the functional aspects of buildings. Geometry was what the deconstructive postmodernists ornament for as Venturi, the subject of complication, and this complication of geometry was applied, finally, to the functional, structural and spatial deconstructivist buildings. An example of deconstructivist complexity is the Vitra Design Museum by Frank Gehry in Weilam-Rhein, which takes the typical unadorned white cube of modernist art galleries and deconstructs it, using geometries reminiscent of cubism and abstract expressionism.