JSBE annual report
20 12 1
Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Copyright © Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Editors: Taru Kujanpää, Merja Lehtomäki, Katja Mielonen, Emilia Tolvanen Writers: Pasi Aaltola, Jenna Anttonen, Kari Heimonen, Heikki Karjaluoto, Tanja Kontinen, Taru Kujanpää, Heikki Lehkonen, Merja Lehtomäki, Ari Manninen, Katja Mielonen, Jukka Pellinen, Hanna-Leena Pesonen, Pasi Sajasalo, Henri Teittinen, Juho Tikkanen, Outi Uusitalo, Jutta Viinikainen Graphic design: Kinga Dziubek Photos: Iida Liimatainen, Kari Aliranta, Juho Tikkanen, Pasi Aaltola, Merchants Guild Print: Jyväskylän yliopistopaino
Contents Dean’s Message Education
Education 2012 Executive Education Success Stories International Education at JSBE Excellence in Education
Research
Research 2012 Research Events JSBE Dissertations Excellence in Research
Cooperation
Research Projects Strong Local Networks JSBE Alumni Network
Faculty & Staff
Growing and Developing JSBE Internationally Active
4
6 8 10 14 16
18 20 22 24
26 30 32
34 36
3
Dean’s Message Active and innovative JSBE
4
The ambition of JSBE is to be an active and recognised partner in business and academia. I think we are doing well, but I also think that things can be done even better. We are now entering into a mission-driven improvement process. New ways of working together are waiting to be found, as sources of innovation and improvement. As you can see, our faculty is continually finding new ways of looking at things in the business world, advancing knowledge, and helping our students take full advantage of JSBE’s unique position at the intersection of business, society and academia.
Highlights in research and education In this 2012 Annual Report, you will read about our research-oriented faculty, their areas of expertise, and highlights of their accomplishments. In 2012, we organised the 29th Annual Summer Seminar of Finnish Economists as well as seventeen JSBE research seminars with invited scholarly speakers. The year was excellent in the number of doctoral dissertations. In the following pages, we spotlight just a few of the areas of academic interest and research in which our faculty excels.
You will also read about how we are delivering first-rate educational experience to our students, and about highlights in the area of education. Our dedication to continuous improvement of the quality of learning shows in a five-year AMBA accreditation for the AVANCE MBA programme and in recognition from SEFE (the Finnish Association of Business School Graduates) for the Climate Business course. Although much has been accomplished, there is still much work to do. We strive to enhance our offerings in entrepreneurship and internationalisation activities to provide our students with a truly global understanding of the world economy.
Important alumni network We hope that a few years of studies at JSBE leave our students with a lasting bond between our institute and its graduates, and a hunger for lifelong learning. We have taken a leap forward by starting to organise annual events for our alumni. A stronger alumni network, backed up by an organisation that provides true benefits for the alumni throughout their lives, is a goal we should all support. Jukka Pellinen Dean Professor in Accounting
5
Education Successful year in education for JSBE
6
Year 2012 was very successful for JSBE in all domains of education. The numbers of graduates at all levels exceeded our objectives: in total 110 Bachelor’s, 139 Master’s, 15 Doctoral, and 52 MBA degrees were awarded. The first three Doctoral double degrees together with the Belgian University of Hasselt were granted in entrepreneurship. Also, the number of applicants increased by 9,7 % and reached an alltime record. The Avance MBA programme received a significant acknowledgement, when the Association of MBAs (AMBA) awarded the programme with a five-year accreditation. The AMBA accreditation is a proof of reaching the highest quality standards set for executive education, and it places the Avance MBA among top executive programmes globally.
Several JSBE teachers received rewards Our teachers have received several rewards and acknowledgements in education during 2012. In the annual teaching award competition of the Finnish Association of Business School Graduates (SEFE), Doctoral Student Susanna Horn was awarded with
Education 2012 a distinction for innovative execution supporting students’ international skills on the Climate Business course. The student association Pörssi selected Professor Marko Järvenpää as the Teacher of the Year. In JSBE Annual Education Awards, a distinction for a lifetime’s work in education in entrepreneurship was awarded to late Professor Hannu Niittykangas, and Professor Juha Kansikas was awarded for the work done in developing and leading the international Master’s Programme in Family Business. Also students have received rewards: Sami Itani’s Master’s thesis was awarded as the best Finnish thesis of the year in human resource management.
Students 2012 BSc and MSc students Doctoral students
1 112 195
Degrees 2012 Bachelor of Science Master of Science Doctor of Science
110 139 15
New international Master’s programme was launched Autumn 2012 marked the launch of the new international Master’s Programme in International Business and Entrepreneurship (IBE) at JSBE. The IBE programme proved to be a success among applicants in the very first application round, and the first enthusiastic group of 16 IBE students have started their studies in September.
Teacher tutor system was initiated to improve student counselling For years, we have looked for new ways of improving student counselling throughout the studies. In the autumn 2012 after extensive preparations, the new teacher tutoring system was presented. Experiences after the first academic term have been encouraging, and also in the coming years, teacher tutors will be assigned for all new students at JSBE. Year 2012 has also meant intensive preparations for the new curriculum of JSBE for the years 2013-16. At the same time, we are preparing to fulfil the requirements of the Assessment of Learning standards of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) concerning our new curriculum and its contents, and seeking continuous improvement of education also in the coming years. Hanna-Leena Pesonen Vice Dean, Education Professor in Corporate Environmental Management
ECTS Credits produced 2012 Credits completed by JSBE students Credits completed by students of other faculties Total credits produced at JSBE
35 181 16 443 51 624
Applicants / Accepted 2012 BSc and MSc degree programme in Economics BSc and MSc degree programme in Business MDP in Corporate Environmental Management MDP in International Business and Entrepreneurship
534 / 40 731 / 90 117 / 28 116 / 19
7
Education Educating top executives It is highly appreciated in the AVANCE Executive Education, that professionals from different organisations decide to do high-quality eMBA studies and join the AVANCE eMBA programme. In 2012, 61 leaders and experts started their eMBA studies in the programme, and 52 students graduated.
8
Tailored education for organisations It is not uncommon that a piece of news in Finland or globally starts with an event concerning changes in the economy and in organisations. We have witnessed the fact that changes in the economy are fast and far-reaching. Hence, there is certainly an increased need for wise economical thinking and for action on all levels and in all kinds of organisations. This is the setting in which executive education operates. On one hand, companies, organisations and executives are acutely aware of the need to be even more prepared and able to react in the future. On the other hand, there is a need to save costs and make wise investments that generate success in the future. In this setting, executive education is highly relevant, and it must provide a platform for
Executive Education participants to examine the very latest and most current issues. The AVANCE Executive Education offers tailored programmes for organisations, for example tailored MBA programmes, company-specific executive development programmes and strategic development. Tailored programmes are carefully designed together with the customer. The aim is to meet the needs of the organisation and its leaders.
Modular structure of studies enhances flexibility The AVANCE Executive Education operates with a so-called modular structure. This means that each eMBA student selects those modules which are most relevant to her/him and to her/his organisation. The modular structure of the AVANCE MBA programme provides the possibility for participants to join the programme at the time that is most convenient for them.
AVANCE Executive MBA programme consists of seminar periods with various themes, projects, company visits and reading assignments as well as research seminars. An important part of the AVANCE Executive MBA programme is the diploma work. To maximise the benefits of the diploma work, the MBA students choose the topic of their study from their organisation’s functions.
Staying up to date with new technologies One of the cornerstones of learning in the AVANCE programmes is continuous and lively interaction between participants and trainers. Therefore, the focus of learning in the AVANCE programmes involves innovative and alternative ways of thinking, and conseptualisation of situations, problems and variant channels of action. In addition, we think that the modern communication technology will offer new important ways to build and run successful organisations. So we need to be vigilant on this front as well. AVANCE has already provided programmes for executives, in which these new technologies are examined.
9
Internationally accredited MBA programme In the MBA world, accreditations are very important, and for MBA programmes, the AMBA accreditation is the world standard. As an AMBA accredited programme, we in AVANCE are committed to providing a profound, challenging and extensive MBA programme, which covers the key topics of a high-level MBA programme. At the same time, we want to be relevantly unique, with an extra effort on effectiveness - so that the participants genuinely acquire new knowledge, inspiration, connections and tools for building success in their lives and for their organisations. Ari Manninen Director of the AVANCE Executive Education
Avance Executive Education 2012 MBA Graduates 52 MBA Students 217 New MBA students 61
Teacher tutors at JSBE during academic year 2012–2013 Economics:
Professor Juha Junttila, University Teacher Jutta Viinikainen
Accounting:
University Teacher Jaana Kettunen, Postdoctoral Researcher Henri Teittinen
Marketing:
Professor Heikki Karjaluoto, Senior Assistant Juha Munnukka
Management and leadership:
Senior Assistant Pasi Sajasalo, Senior Lecturer Teppo Sintonen
10
“New ways for stronger student counselling throughout the studies”
Education Teacher tutor system was launched at JSBE in 2012 Teacher tutors are teachers at JSBE who commit to advising a group of around 15 students for the duration of their studies. In the beginning of each academic year, a new group of teacher tutors is assigned for those students that are starting their studies at JSBE. The teacher tutor system aims at making the students more committed to their major subject and to JSBE community. Essential themes in the system are supporting the students’ professional growth and expertise, helping the students in choosing their study subjects, and strengthening the students’ sense of responsibility over their choices and studies. The teacher tutor system clarifies and improves study advising at JSBE, and also distributes the advising responsibility more equally in each discipline.
Experiences of a teacher tutor Our goal as teacher tutors has been to prepare students for academic studies. The meetings have taken place in small groups, free-form, and the discussions have been related broadly to issues
Success Stories concerning studying. One of the main themes in our meetings has been academic responsibility: what does it mean and how does it occur. In addition, the teacher tutors have shared their own experiences on a variety of academic reading and writing techniques. Students have found the teacher tutor activities helpful, and they feel that it is easy to get in touch with the teacher tutors. The teacher tutor has been perceived as an experienced and reliable source of information. It has also been good for students to share experiences with other students in small groups. The teacher tutor system has been found to be particularly useful for freshmen. In the future, students have hoped for more “career path” presentations, facilitating the choice of major subjects, and an own group for more experienced students. The teacher tutor system was launched in 2012. The experiences are encouraging, and the activity will be developed in the future. Hopefully, we have succeeded in increasing transparency and in removing barriers from studying and learning. Henri Teittinen - One of the JSBE teacher tutors
11
Education
12
Success Stories
AMBA accreditation for 5 years
Credibility, status and networks
In the beginning of 2012, JSBE received an accreditation from the AMBA (The Association of MBAs) for the maximum period of five years. This was our first re-assessment, and the outcome was magnificent. In a world of thousands of business schools, we are privileged to belong to the group of roughly 200 schools with an MBA provision accredited by the AMBA.
But there is another element of value in accreditation. For the business school itself, accreditation gives credibility and status. The membership in the AMBA offers an extensive international professional development network. And most importantly, the accreditation process outlines recommendations to improve the MBA provision in the future.
High-quality education Accreditation is an assurance of quality for students, their employers and also for the faculty involved in the MBA programme delivery. Accreditation is especially valuable for the student. Taking an MBA is a huge commitment, both in terms of time and money. For a student making that decision, accreditation assures the quality of the programme. And for an alumnus, graduation and a diploma from an accredited programme signals that the person has received management education of the highest quality.
A great deal of AMBA accreditation-based development has been done during 2012. And a number of inspiring things are still in the making, in cooperation with our students and partners.
Digital transformation as part of executive education We live in a world that is being constantly shaped by new internet innovations. The communicational logic of the social media is transforming the way we work and create value. These issues are especially important in the context of executive education. How to prepare executive MBA students to really understand the digital transformation that is changing the business environment? How to prepare them to play the leadership role suitable for their organisations? The most profound understanding is often based on first-hand experience. During 2012, we have had two important initiatives in this field, a mobile portal for executive MBA students and the Web for Executives programme.
Mobile portal for executive MBA students
Web for Executives Year 2012 was a significant milestone, when it comes to including social media in the MBA curriculum. In the executive education programme, we launched a new concept called Web for Executives. The programme was powered by iPads, to make sure that every participant experiences first-hand, what social media means also on device level. The aim of the programme was to change the way we look at organisations, and to realise the revolution in the distribution, sharing and creation of information. Two Web for Executives programmes were delivered during 2012. One was an open programme, and the other was a tailor-made programme for a company partner. In sum, substantial developments were made in the field of digital transformation and executive education during 2012. Services come and go, but the need to adapt to constant innovations is here to stay. There are many more steps yet to be taken on this path of development.
Our nationwide executive MBA programme, with over 200 participants, offers a great platform for online information sharing, collaboration and networking. For years, we have used different digital platforms to enrich the learning experience in the AVANCE MBA. Now it was time to really sum it up for the students, and to develop an aggregated mobile portal including all of our digital platforms. The HTML5-built portal offers links to our learning management platforms, our online communities and fan sites, pictures, videos, information sources, reading lists etc. You can try it at: m.avancemba.fi Esko Kilpi lecturing about leadership and digital transformation in a in a Web for executives seminar.
13
Education
International Education at JSBE
Valuable Skills JSBE wants to prepare its students for the international working life, so that our graduates will have the language skills and cultural knowledge required in demanding multicultural settings.
14
All Bachelor’s degrees completed at JSBE include extensive language studies, usually Finnish, Swedish, English and another foreign language. Besides English, the most popular foreign languages are German, Spanish, French and Russian. On the Master’s level, students can develop their language skills further and also take courses in the field of multilingualism and intercultural communication, offered by the University Language Centre. The programmes are built so that also the degrees in Finnish include some content courses taught in English, giving all the students the opportunity to interact in a multicultural group.
Active Mobility Programmes JSBE offers its students many possibilities for studying abroad through mobility programmes. The cooperation network consists of Erasmus, NOREK and bilateral partners, and the students
can also benefit from the university-level exchange agreements. At the University of Jyväskylä, JSBE is among the most active faculties in terms of student exchange. For incoming exchange students, JSBE offers a non-degree study programme taught in English, consisting of courses which both Finnish and international students participate in. Each year, we also receive international visiting lecturers to teach on all levels of education. In 2012, our students enjoyed learning from visiting lecturers for example from Cardiff Business School, Jönköping International Business School and Vilnius University. One of our most regular visitors comes from St.Petersburg each year, to teach the popular Business in Russia course.
International Degree Programmes It is also possible to complete a full Master’s degree in English. The Master’s Degree Programme in Corporate Environmental Management has been taught since 1995, and is internationally recognised by the World Resources Institute and the Aspen Institute in the Beyond Grey Pinstripes survey.
The new Master’s Degree Programme in International Business and Entrepreneurship was launched in the autumn 2012. The focus of our Master’s Programme in Entrepreneurship was changed from Family Business to International Business, in order to better serve the growing demand for professionals with international focus. Doctoral programmes are taught exclusively in English and coordinated by the JSBE Doctoral School.
Successful Doctoral-level Cooperation In the field of doctoral studies, JSBE has launched a successful joint doctoral programme with the Hasselt University in Belgium. As a result, in 2012, three doctoral degrees were conferred by both JSBE and Hasselt. In addition, JSBE has cooperation with the Brno International Business School in Czech Republic, offering BIBS students the possibility to complete doctoral degrees at JSBE.
JSBE has over 30 partner universities in 16 different European countries.
15
Education
Excellence in Education
Best Finnish Thesis of the Year in HRM to Sami Itani
16
The Finnish Association for Human Resource Management HENRY has awarded Sami Itani’s Master’s thesis as the Best Finnish Thesis of the Year 2012 in Human Resources Management. Itani’s thesis Expatriate Knowledge Sharing, Replacement and Repatriation Processes in Linkage with the Performance Management – Case Metso was completed in November 2011 in the discipline of management and leadership at JSBE. In his thesis, Sami Itani examines ways in which sharing of knowledge can be made more effective and consistent at the end of an expatriate assignment. In addition, Itani brings together different parts of this fragmental area of study, and creates a new model called Final Stages of Expatriatism (FISTE), which is applied to the case organisation Metso. This was the seventh time that the Finnish Association for Human Resource Management organised the competition for the Best Finnish Thesis of the Year in Human Resources Management. The criteria were innovativeness of the thesis, new and fresh insight into the discussion on the field, high quality of the realisation of the research, and usability of
results from the point of view of human resource management. The jury states that the thesis is theoretically and methodically strong, and it shows that Itani is a specialist in his field. Sami Itani
Commendation of the Finnish Association of Business School Graduates The Finnish Association of Business School Graduates (SEFE) awarded a commendation in the annual teaching award competition to Doctoral Student Susanna Horn for innovative execution supporting students’ international skills on a course in climate business.
Teacher of the Year 2012 Professor Marko Järvenpää received the Pörssi’s Teacher of the Year 2012 reward at the 44th Grand Annual Ball of Pörssi (student association of JSBE). Professor Järvenpää received a great amount of votes and rich praises from students of JSBE. He was pleased with the recognition: “This is the greatest award that a person who works in this line of business can imagine to receive. Especially because the choice is made by students themselves. It is a privilege to work with talented young people.”
Professor Järvenpää has worked with education and research of accounting since 1992, and has worked at JSBE since 2004. He is a respected teacher, who constantly strives to improve his teaching methods and whose teaching is motivating and encouraging. Furthermore, he is truly interested in the opinions of students and takes students into account as individuals, which can also be noticed in the next feedback form a student: “His strong knowledge of the academic research and the experience of cooperation with business life emerge in his lectures very well. Mixed with appropriate humour, even strategic management accounting can be sometimes the best bite that a curious student can have.”
In his work as a teacher, Professor Järvenpää finds the work itself the most rewarding. He appreciates that he can affect society by educating the future top professionals, who will work with a good spirit and attitude. Professor Järvenpää’s areas of interest include performance measurement, case study and environmental accounting.
JSBE Annual Education Awards Professor Juha Kansikas received the Award for Education as a recognition for his long-term work in developing the Master’s Programme in Family Business, and for launching international cooperation in doctoral education. Professor Hannu Niittykangas was awarded a commendation for a lifetime’s work in education and in developing the discipline of entrepreneurship.
17
Research
18
Research 2012
Upgrades in research activities
Improvements in research infrastructure
The University of Jyväskylä conducted a thorough evaluation of its research in 2011. As an outcome of this evaluation, research at JSBE was regarded as of good international level. In addition, the board gave a number of suggestions to improve the research output of JSBE. During the year 2012, several actions were carried out in order to fulfill the propositions given in the research evaluation.
The JSBE research infrastructure improved during the year 2012. New financial instruments for research were developed and offered for the faculty. First, the faculty’s research visits to foreign universities were supported actively. Second, funding for research infrastructure was provided. Third, faculty visits to international conferences and doctoral students’ participation in international summer schools was supported more strongly than ever.
The University of Jyväskylä renewed the organisation of doctoral education in 2012. As a result, JSBE has now two doctoral programs, one in economics and one in business administration, including all the majors in business. Furthermore, the doctoral school of the University of Jyväskylä is now able to provide more funding for doctoral students than ever before. The JSBE doctoral student selection is facilitated by an online application form, which has increased the number of international applicants significantly. Doctoral students are recruited internationally twice a year.
New international research faculty The JSBE doctoral school made some international recruitments in order to increase the critical mass of the research units and international collaboration. Vising professor Robert Scapens from Manchester Business School (UK) and University of Groningen (Netherlands) has joined the accounting faculty for a couple of years. In 2012, two additional part-time professors, Olle Westerlund from Umeå University (Sweden) and professor Jean Helms Mills from Saint Mary’s University (Canada) were recruited.
Professor Olle Westerlund strengthens the proficiency of the economics faculty and especially the spatial labour market analysis research group. Professor Jean Helms Mills brings her expertise to research activities in management. JSBE expects that visiting professors will further improve the research performance of the school in the future and enable JSBE to participate in international research collaborations.
Focus on the quality of research
Kari Heimonen Vice Dean, Research Professor in Economics
JSBE has set a goal for the faculty to publish only in journals with the highest rank. The Association of Business Schools (ABS) Academic Journal Quality Guide and the Finnish Publication Forum (JUFO) ratings are used in monitoring the quality of JSBE publications. These measures for the quality of journals become even more important due to the renewed university financing model provided by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. Year 2012 has indicated that the faculty is well aware of this, and that it seriously endeavors to publish in the journals with the highest rank. As a result, the number of articles published in high-standard journals has been increasing steadily. JSBE has a clear target to improve its research performance in the near future and become an even more important international actor in the area of business and economic research. Thus the focus of JSBE is strongly in the future.
Publications 2012 Scientific articles (refereed) 71 Other scientific publications 21 Other publications 54
19
Research
20
Research Events
Lively Academic Discussions at the JSBE Seminars
Constructive academic dialogue and networking
The JSBE Research Seminar was launched by the discipline of economics in spring 2008. The goal of the JSBE Seminar was to establish a regular research seminar, where top-scholars would present their recent academic papers.
The JSBE Research Seminar has significantly increased the scientific knowledge of the participating researchers. Although the seminar is mainly targeted to researchers, it has also provided useful information for students. In addition, the seminar has enabled constructive academic dialogue and networking on national and international levels, in research areas of strategic significance for scholars in Jyväskylä; many interesting discussions are always carried out before and after the seminar. The seminar creditably complements the offerings of the many research seminars organised in Helsinki. Therefore, the organisers are grateful for the financial support given for the seminar by Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation and Foundation for Economic Education (Liikesivistysrahasto).
The JSBE Seminar has been a success story from the very beginning. Among the first speakers were Jouko Vilmunen, Aki Kangasharju, Jukka Pirttilä and Seppo Honkapohja, who are top names in their fields in Finland. It has not been difficult to attract distinguished scholars to the JSBE Seminar later either. Therefore, the JSBE Seminar expanded, and has covered the business disciplines as well since autumn 2009. By the end of 2012, already 51 JSBE seminars in economics and 28 JSBE seminars in business disciplines have been organised. The seminar programme in 2012 consisted of 17 presentations, many of which were given by international speakers.
Economic Forecasts, Presentations and Debates at the Annual Summer Seminar JSBE organised the 29th Annual Summer Seminar of Finnish Economists (Taloustutkijoiden kesäseminaari) on 13th–14th June 2012. The two-day research seminar can be regarded as a significant discussion forum for economists and business economists in Finland: this year more than 150 people participated, and 50 presentations were given at the Summer Seminar. The keynote speech Macroeconomic shocks and micro-level labour adjustment was given by Professor Tor Eriksson from the Department of
Economics of the Aarhus University (Denmark). In addition, 14 interesting sessions covering current issues in business and economics were carried out. The Crystal Ball was awarded to the best economic forecaster for the 15th time. The annual award went to Pellervo Economic Research (PTT). In addition, five Finnish research organisations (Bank of Finland, ETLA, PT, PTT and VATT) published their long-run growth forecasts for the Finnish economy. The organisers of the seminar gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation and newspaper Keskisuomalainen for the Summer Seminar.
The Crystal Ball was received by Lauri Esala, Veera Laiho, Leena Kerkelä, Signe Jauhiainen and Markus Lahtela from Pellervo Economic Research (PTT).
21
Dissertations 2012 Economics Jutta Viinikainen Personality and labour market outcomes Tuuli Koivu Monetary Policy in Transition — Essays on Monetary Policy Transmission in China
Accounting Toni Mättö Implementation of quality cost management tool in dyadic purchaser-provider relationship context
22
Management and Leadership Virpi Malin Johtajasta tohtoriksi – osaajasta oppijaksi? Organisaatiossa oppimisen monta todellisuutta goffmanilaisena kehysanalyysina Merja Lähdesmäki Studies on corporate social responsibility in the Finnish small business context Keijo Varis Organisaatiokulttuurin ja johtajuusidentiteetin merkitys matriisiorganisaatiomuutoksessa: Casetutkimus Hanna Salminen The Significance of Perceived Development Opportunities in the Context of Retention – Comparing Ageing and Younger Nurses
Corporate Environmental Management Annukka Näyhä Towards bioeconomy: A three-phase Delphi study on the forest biorefinery diffusion in Scandinavia and North America
Entrepreneurship Anne Laakkonen Construction of the Entrepreneurial Identity in the Family Business Context, A Cross-Cultural Study Kimmo Mäki Opetustyön ammattilaiset ja mosaiikin mestaritTyökulttuurit ammattikorkeakouluopettajan toiminnan kontekstina Sakari Pieskä Enhancing innovation capability and business opportunities. Cases of SME-oriented applied research Othmar Lehner Social Entrepreneurship Perspectives: Triangulated Approaches to Hybridity Jari Luomakoski Case study of the failure of an electronic B2B marketplace. An internal view. Bart Henssen Mine or ours? Perspectives on psychological ownership in family firms Frank Lambrechts IT IS ALL IN RELATIONSHIPS, Capacity Building for Organizing, Change and Learning from a Relational Perspective
Research
JSBE Dissertations
Role of personality in the labour markets During the past ten years, economic research on the role of personality characteristics in the labour market has increased significantly.
The dissertation Personality and labour market outcomes by Jutta Viinikainen augments this literature by providing evidence on the role of personality in the Finnish labour market.
Research collaboration between economics and psychology The research project was carried out in collaboration with two psychologists, Professor Lea Pulkkinen and Academy Research Fellow Katja Kokko from the Department of Psychology of the University of Jyväskylä. The empirical analysis was based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) conducted by Lea Pulkkinen. The collection of the data began in 1968, when 12 entire school classes from the Jyväskylä area were
selected as the sample. At the beginning of the study, the participants were 8 years old, and so far they have been followed until the age of 50 in 2009.
Adult extraversion is associated with income The results suggested that adulthood extraversion was positively associated with income, when education, work experience and unemployment history (measured from the longitudinal data) were controlled for. Likewise, childhood constructiveness indicating active and well-controlled behaviour had a positive association with income in adulthood. The results also indicated that openness to experience, as one of the personality traits in the Big Five framework, was positively associated with both the duration of cumulative unemployment and possibly with the number of unemployment periods between the ages of 33 and 50. In line with previous studies, this thesis provides further empirical support about the role of personality in the labour markets. University Teacher Jutta Viinikainen received the highest grade for her dissertation. The topic of the dissertation intrigued positive media attention.
23
Research
Excellence in Research
Best Paper Award at the ICSB Conference
24
Tanja Kontinen (JSBE), Arto Ojala (Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, JUY) and Sylvie Chetty (Massey University, New Zealand) were awarded the Best Paper Award at the International Council for Small Business (ICSB) conference in Wellington, New Zealand on June 13th, 2012. The award was granted for the manuscript Causation and effectuation in the foreign market entry and selection of software SMEs. The research project and the award are the outcome of the application of topical theory, and successful international and inter-faculty cooperation.
Applying the theory of causation and effectuation The keynote speaker of the conference was Professor Saras Sarasvathy, who has developed the theory on causation and effectuation. Sarasvathy (2008, 73) summarises effectuation as follows: “Effectuation does not begin with a certain goal; it begins with a given set of means and allows goals to emerge contingently over time from the varied imaginations and diverse aspirations of the founders and the people with whom they interact.�
The awarded research paper applies the causation and effectuation theory to the context of internationalisation. It clarifies the logics that New Zealander and Finnish enterprises apply when entering foreign markets. The findings show that Finnish software firms used the causation logic more in selecting their foreign markets, whereas New Zealand firms were more effectual, by working jointly with their partners. Software firms from both countries, however, followed the effectuation logic in implementing their foreign market entries. In other words, instead of strategic planning, they concentrated on taking advantage of the means and resources they had at that specific moment. Based on the findings, we cannot be certain whether firms are more successful, if they follow a certain logic in their internationalisation decisions. The findings do, however, illustrate that the logics of causation and effectuation can be complementary during the internationalisation process. *Sarasvathy, S.D. 2008. Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise. New Horizons in Entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar.
AWARDS 2012 Emerald Best Practical Implications Award Professor Juha-Antti Lamberg from JSBE together with Professor Jaakko Aspara, Researcher Arjo Laukia and Professor Henrikki Tikkanen from the Aalto University received the 2012 Emerald Best Practical Implications Award for their article Strategic management of business model transformation: lessons from Nokia. The criteria for selection were that there is a clear application for the research, the article is based on quality and rigorous research, and the article could easily be adapted for practical use.
Schildt Award Professor of corporate environmental management Hanna-Leena Pesonen received the Schildt Award of 2012 for her merits in the development of education and research in the area of corporate environmental management. The award is granted by the Central Finland Fund of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, and the value of the award is 15.000 €. The fund wishes that the award will further inspire Professor Pesonen’s creditable research work.
JSBE Annual Research Awards In the annual celebration of the Merchants Guild, Professor Anna-Maija Lämsä and Senior Assistant Tanja Kontinen were awarded for their high-quality publishing activities in the year 2011. Doctor of Science (econ) Anu Tokila was awarded for the best doctoral dissertation of the year for her thesis Econometric studies of public support to entrepreneurship. Her research examines the effectiveness of the public support of entrepreneurship in Finland from 1988 to 2004.
Association of Finnish Advertisers’ reward Doctor of Science (econ) Heli Aaltonen received the Association of Finnish Advertisers’ reward for her doctoral dissertation Co-creation of Value in Advertising – an Interpretive Study from the Consumers’ Perspective. The purpose of this interpretive study is to investigate how consumers participate in co-creation of value in advertising and what the dimensions of value are. Heli Aaltonen defended her doctoral thesis at the University of Jyväskylä in 2010.
25
Active year of cooperation in research projects During the year 2012, altogether 17 research projects were going on at JSBE. Six of the projects ended during the year 2012, and two of these, the TOKATA and DIMAR projects, are introduced on the next three pages. Five new research projects were launched at JSBE in 2012.
JSBE research projects launched in 2012: Productivity and regional development (PRD): The roles of innovation, reallocation and finance Duration: 01/2012–12/2014 Funding: Academy of Finland, University of Jyväskylä
Dematerialization and sustainable competitiveness through new models of industrial networking (DemaNET) Duration: 03/2012–03/2014 Cooperation partners: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Lappeenranta University of Technology, École Polytechnique of Montreal (Canada), TUM Business School at the Technical University of Munich (Germany), companies Funding: Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Tekes, University of Jyväskylä
26
Digital marketing communications in SME’s (DIMARK)
Duration: 03/2012–12/2013 Cooperation partners: JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Elonen Oy, Formia Emissions Control Oy, Jyväs-Caravan Oy, Jyväskylän Energia Oy, Jyväskylän Paviljonki Oy, Kespet Oy, Produal Oy, Pyka Oy, Siparila Oy, Sonaatti Oy, Stafix Oy, Suomen Verkkomaksut Oy, Trimedia Oy Funding: European Social Fund (through the Central Finland ELY Centre), University of Jyväskylä, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, companies
Mainstreaming green economy – legitimation of organic production and consumption in Finland (MainGreen) Duration: 09/2012–08/2016 Cooperation partners: University of Vaasa, Ruralia Institute of the University of Helsinki Funding: Academy of Finland, University of Jyväskylä
Development of moral competence in leadership and management (DMC)
Duration: 10/2012–09/2013 Cooperation partners: Vilnius University (Lithuania), University of Tampere, Estonian Business School (Estonia), Riga International School of Economics and Business Administration (Latvia). Funding: Nordic Council of Ministers and participating organisations
Cooperation Investigating young consumers’ information needs on financial matters The Actors, channels and practices to promote consumers’ financial capability (TOKATA) project examined the promotion of consumer financial capability from the viewpoints of young consumers, schools, financial institutions, insurance companies, media, non-governmental organisations and the authorities. This project concentrated on youngsters between the ages of 15-20. Young people’s financial behaviour is characterised by scarce financial resources, the task of making financial commitments as a liable person, and the lack of experience in financial decisions.
The young need an easy access to understandable financial information Various actors in society provide information and material to promote the financial capability of the young. However, finding this information and understanding it is not easy, and it seldom reaches the young at the right time. The young underline the importance of easiness when seeking for information and advice. Typically, they set about
Research Projects
seeking for information when they need it, rather than preparing for future information needs. The access to information could be enhanced by gathering it in one web portal. The young wished that financial information is provided by sources that are familiar and reliable to them. They also wished for impartial information and the possibility for peer discussions. The project highlights the importance of coordination, cooperation and allocation of the duties between the actors, so that the efforts and resources of various organisations could be utilised as efficiently as possible. The project provided insights and suggestions that help in designing new services, action programmes, communication channels and messages that help young people to understand the economic environment and financial issues, and seek economic and financial information when they need it. In order to support the financial capability of the youth, the actors should understand their situations in life, as well as their interests and ways of communicating. Duration: 01/2011–12/2012 Cooperation Partners: National Consumer Research Centre of Finland Funding: University of Jyväskylä, National Consumer Research Centre, Finnish Technology Foundation, Federation of Finnish Financial Services, Bank of Finland, Finnish Foundation for Share Promotion, Tapiola and Turva
27
Cooperation Industrial firms could use the potential of social media more in their marketing
28
JSBE coordinated the Digital marketing communications in industrial firms (DIMAR) project which brought together three research partners, three international cooperation partners and 13 companies. The objective of the DIMAR project was to develop industrial firms’ knowhow on the utilisation of digital marketing communications in internal communications, stakeholder communications and most importantly in brand and customer communications. The researchers conducted 107 interviews, run four online surveys (741 different respondents) and collected workshop data (25 participants). In
Research Projects
addition, other empirical material included content analysis on websites, blogs and social media, data from social media monitoring and benchmarking analyses of social media utilisation in industrial firms.
Profitable research project The project succeeded in achieving its main objective, and resulted in altogether 89 publications, including seven refereed journal articles, 20 conference papers, five research reports, one doctoral thesis, 10 MSc theses, five BSc theses, seven theses from JAMK, 34 articles in magazines and around 20 oral presentations. The participating firms have also been extremely satisfied with the outcomes.
The main observations were: 1. Digitalisation has created new opportunities to better trace the effectiveness of communications also in the context of industrial marketers. 2. Digital channels are not replacing traditional ones, but have an important role in suppliercustomer interactions. 3. Social media is among the top 3 digital marketing tools also for industrial firms – although utilised poorly by most industrial firms at the moment. 4. Social media has established its role in internal communications in industrial firms. Services include wikis, IM, Chatter, Yammer, extra- and intranets. Challenges still remain in the effective utilisation of these new communication channels. 5. Social media is mainly used for creating awareness, building brand and targeting consumers.
6. Content creation is becoming more and more important in the effective utilisation of digital marketing. Content creation is however also among the main obstacles to effective digital marketing utilisation in industrial firms. 7. The constantly growing number of social media tools and services worries industrial firms, and makes it difficult to choose the right services and forums. 8. Industrial firms perceive digital marketing positively in general, and see it as a part of their overall marketing and sales tactics. 9. The lack of rigorous theoretical frameworks for digital marketing and social media and the novelty of the topic created some challenges for researchers. 10. B2B companies see their own website as the main digital marketing tool, which is also used for promoting technical expertise.
Duration: 01/2011–01/2012 Cooperation Partners: Aalto University, Oulu University, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Hull University Business School (UK), Newcastle University (UK), Georgia State University (USA), Moventas, Ruukki, The Switch, UPM, VAPO, Wärtsilä, McCann Worldgroup, Movya, Radikal Advertising, Tieto, DiViA, Elematic, Sanoma Magazines Funding: Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes), University of Jyväskylä and the other participating universities and companies
29
Cooperation
Strong Local Networks
30
Jyväskylä Merchants Guild supporting JSBE
(econ) Anu Tokila was awarded for an outstanding dissertation in 2011. The JSBE Annual Education Award was given to Professor Juha Kansikas.
Every year, JSBE and the Jyväskylä Merchants Guild Foundation (Jyväskylän Kauppalaisseuran Säätiö) organise a function, where the Scholarship Fund of the Merchants Guild Foundation grants scholarships to activities in business and education in the Jyväskylä region. On 23th February 2012, the foundation granted 257 000 Euros for studies and activities in business and education. A notable part of this donation, 200 000 Euros, was allocated to JSBE for developing the faculty’s operations, funding its doctoral education, internationalisation and visiting lectures.
Tanja Kontinen held the JSBE Annual Research Award speech on the topic International opportunity recognition.
The welcoming words in the function were presented by Rector Aino Sallinen, and the keynote speech was given by Reijo Karhinen, the President of OPPohjola Group. The scholarships of the Merchants Guild Foundation were handed out by Chairman Antero Pellinen and Secretary Pia-Maria Pohto. The JSBE Annual Research Award and the JSBE Annual Education Award were granted in the function. The JSBE Annual Research Award was given to Professor Anna-Maija Lämsä and Senior Assistant Tanja Kontinen for creditable publications. PhD
Jyväskylä Merchants Guild Foundation Anders Chydenius (1729-1803) was a Finnish Enlightenment philosopher, who promoted the ideas of open society and freedom of trade and occupation. He was a priest, a politician, a businessman and an economist. He was also an exceptional intellect, who brought about important progress in the society. He can be perceived as one of the greatest economists of his time, who also advanced the practices of economic policy and business.
Promoting cooperation and opportunities We can see a lot of the same spirit in the founding of the Jyväskylä Merchants Guild (Jyväskylän kauppalaisseura) in 1875. The guild promoted opportunities for education in business and economics first among its members, by arranging courses in accounting, bookkeeping and general business knowledge. The Jyväskylä Merchants Guild Foundation was founded in 1947, and the property of the guild was transferred to the foundation. The purpose of the foundation is to promote education and research in business and economics in Jyväskylä. Since 1952, the foundation has donated scholarships to students
and supported the development of education in business and economics. The current value of the donations so far is about 9 million Euros. At the instigation of determined businessmen, and with the help of financial support from the foundation, the university education in business and economics was started in Jyväskylä in 1967. Ever since, the financial support of the foundation has enabled the development of education and the studies of dozens of doctoral students. We are thankful for the small group of canny businessmen, who have managed the foundation. They credit a great deal of what JSBE is today.
31
The unveiling of the Merchants Statue on the 20th May 1961. E.V.Lampila, the Chairman of the Board of the Merchants Guild Foundation, is giving a speech at the occasion.
Cooperation
JSBE Alumni Network
Alumni activities entail cooperation and networking
32
The idea of the alumni network is to cherish connections between the alumni and the university. The most important factors in this equation are networking and interaction. Well-prepared alumni activities can help the alumni in supplementing their knowledge, maintaining and creating connections, and influencing the development of their discipline. During 2012, JSBE has taken a leap forward in alumni activities. We witnessed in practice what we had already known for a long time: among the over 3000 individuals that have graduated from JSBE, there is a lot of strength and a will to maintain the connection with the alma mater. In the beginning of October, JSBE organised the University Day 2012. The programme included a discussion panel for the former chairmen of Pörssi (the JSBE student association), and the rewarding of the Alumnus of the Year 2012 of the University of Jyväskylä. Later in October, the first get-together for the JSBE alumni was organised. The get-together was organised together with a group of active alumni
and Pörssi. The festivities included an extensive presentation which displayed happy memories of student life over the years. The alumni were invited to the get-together in the spirit of Pörssi. As is said in the Pörssi oath that the freshmen take each autumn: “I will always act in a dignified manner as is suitable for a Pörssi member. When another Pörssi member is in need of help, I will help him/her with all possible means and with all my power and might. From this day forward until the day I die, I will be a Pörssi member.”
The core of being an alumnus is depicted in these lines. Now that the alumni activities at JSBE have been launched, we need to make sure that the most important condition for the activities, continuity, will be ensured.
3 081 Masters of Science and 155 Doctors of Science have graduated from JSBE and its predecessors.
Alumnus of the Year 2012 of the University of Jyväskylä At the University Day 2012, the CEO of Lidl Finland (Lidl Suomi Ky), Master of Science (econ) Lauri Sipponen received the title of the Alumnus of the Year 2012 of the University of Jyväskylä. Sipponen has graduated from JSBE in 1998. During his studies, he was an active member in Pörssi (the JSBE student association), and acted as the chairman of the association in 1995. Lauri Sipponen has rapidly proceeded on his career to a high position. He has worked at the SME Foundation (Pienen ja keskisuuren teollisuuden edistämissäätiö), where he promoted the export of Finnish small and medium sized companies. In addition, Sipponen has worked at the Sampo Group as a controller in the marketing section and at the Lidl chain of shops in different positions for over ten years. For the last three years, he has been the CEO of Lidl Finland. Sipponen is interested in the goings-on of JSBE and Pörssi, and takes part in alumni activities. His is a member of the Pörssineuvosto forum, which consists of former active Pörssi members. Sipponen has also participated in the developing of alumni activities at JSBE.
33
One of the arguments behind the choice of Lauri Sipponen as the Alumnus of the Year was as follows: “Student associations are important means for creating solidarity and team spirit among students. Lauri Sipponen built this team spirit during his studies, and he is continuing to do so by participating in the development of alumni activities.”
Faculty & Staff
Growing and Developing JSBE
Healthy and balanced work community is productive At JSBE, we aim at creating working conditions that enable the faculty and staff to give their best effort to research, education and administrative tasks. The personnel are an important asset, and their expertise is an essential key to success for JSBE.
34
The wellbeing of the personnel is cared for, among other things, by organising different kinds of developmental and recreational events for the whole personnel. During the year 2012, two developmental days were organised. One addressed communication and wellbeing at the work place, and the other concerned curriculum development. In addition, the personnel are offered various opportunities for self-improvement, and they are also encouraged to develop their work and working methods.
worked in administration. Year 2012 saw the launching of the JSBE Tenure track career system for the recruitment of research and teaching personnel. The tenure track is a great springboard for new researchers. In 2012, expertise at JSBE was increased with the appointment of six new docents in economics, accounting, management and leadership, and strategy and entrepreneurship.
Personnel 2012 Personnel (FTE):
99,77
Growing JSBE work community
Total number of personnel (December 31, 2012):
The amount of personnel at JSBE grew 6,4 % from the year 2011. In 2012, 16,7 % of the personnel were professors and 62,9 % were teaching and research personnel. 9,1 % of the personnel of JSBE worked at the AVANCE Executive Education and 11,4 %
Professors Researchers and teachers Avance Executive Education Administration
132 22 83 12 15
International visitors The new Visiting Scholar Program was launched at JSBE in 2012. The JSBE Visiting Scholar Program is aimed at scholars in established posts in other universities or similar academic institutions. Through this programme, Dr. Pablo Salvador from Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina) and Professor Chanaka Jayawardhena from the University of Hull (UK) worked at JSBE as researchers in 2012.
In addition, several professionals from Europe, China, India and Canada made shorter research and teaching visits to JSBE. A number of international lecturers visited the JSBE research seminars. Among others, Assistant Professor Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece) and Associate Professor Angela Gore from the George Washington University (USA) gave lectures in the JSBE research seminars.
New Docentships in 2012 Economics
Accounting
DSc Jari Ritsilä Evaluation research in regional economics
DSc Timo HyvĂśnen Accounting and Information Systems
Management and leadership
Strategy and entrepreneurship
PhD Raminta Pucetaite Organisational Ethics and Human Resource Management
DSc Eero Vaara Strategic management and organisation research
DSc Erika Sauer Leadership of creativity
DSc Iiro Jussila Study of co-operatives
35
Faculty & Staff
Internationally Active
Research visit to Columbia University
36
If you turn left from the Atlantic Ocean, you might end up in the city of New York. That is where I spent the year 2012, working as a visiting scholar in the Columbia Business School, and hunting for new experiences and research ideas for my Doctoral thesis. Columbia University and its business school (CBS) are consistently ranked among the top schools in the world, and they both possess well recognised scholars and world-class resources. Studying and working in the CBS is a great opportunity, which comes along with a large, but manageable, work load. Several times, I found myself leaving the university late at the evening, after a day full of research, classes and seminars.
had in their use. It was nice to realise, that the Nordic datasets are highly appreciated, which should be emphasised more at JSBE and in Finnish doctoral education in general. The year went quickly, and I got a lot of great memories from the CBS, the New York City and the USA. Although it is a clichĂŠ, I would definitely do the visit again. I also encourage others to spice up their studies and work routines with international periods.
Nordic datasets appreciated in the USA I was happy to notice, that although the CBS is a world famous university and the course and seminar selection is larger than at JSBE, the student quality and standards do not differentiate significantly from the Finnish ones. The research topics were often determined by the special datasets the researchers
Heikki Lehkonen is a Doctoral Student in economics at JSBE. He is finalising his dissertation on the topic Essays on Emerging Markets Finance.
International recruitments In JSBE´s first tenure track process, postdoctoral researchers, university researchers/university lecturers and professors are being recruited in the main research areas of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and international business, technology management, and strategic management. The positions will be located in the strategy and entrepreneurship remit, and the appointments will be effective in spring 2013. JSBE has hired two international top researchers Professor Olle Westerlund from Umeå University (Sweden) and Professor Jean Helms Mills from Saint Mary’s University (Canada) as part-time professors. 9,5 % of the teaching and research personnel at JSBE are citizens of countries other than Finland.
Rashedur Chowdhury started as a University Teacher in strategy and entrepreneurship in December 2012 “I felt interested to attend JSBE because of my colleague Marjo Siltaoja. For me, people matter. If you know great colleagues who are sympathetic to your work, that can motivate you to work quite hard, or it can attract you to a certain place. This is what happened to me. An institution consists of people, and if you have intelligent and interesting people like Marjo, the organisation will attract many skilled people.”
Visits abroad JSBE faculty has been actively participating in international conferences and seminars, as well as spending longer research and teaching periods abroad. The following young talents were awarded with the university-level Research Council grants, which enabled them to complete research periods at top universities: Heikki Lehkonen (Columbia Business School), Merie Joseph (Copenhagen Business School), Joel Järvinen (University of Hull) and Mika Haapanen (University of Limerick). Besides JSBE’s own research funding, the visits also received funding from other sources, such as the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Alfred Kordelin Foundation and OP Pohjola Group Research Foundation. The Demanet project funding allowed Sari Hämäläinen to do research at the École Polytechnic de Montreal and Kaute foundation financially supported Suvi Heikkinen’s research visit to Grenoble Business School.
37
Faculty & Staff
Internationally Active
Greetings from Kyoto In November 2012, a research and teaching visit took me to Japan and to the Kyoto Sangyo University, a private university with some 13 000 students. Economics and business studies are highly popular disciplines there, attracting a lion’s share of the student body, altogether nearly 5 700 students.
38
I was invited by Professor Kazuhiro Igawa to spend a fortnight at Kyoto Sangyo, to finalise a joint research project, comparing the development of Finnish and Japanese paper industry, to appear as a chapter in a volume published by Routledge/Taylor & Francis. The visit also included teaching, and both Doctoral students and Master’s students were exposed to wonders of paper industry in Finland and Japan, as I gave them a lecture based on findings of our study with Professor Igawa.
Beautiful landscapes and rich culture Apart from just work, the visit allowed me to take in the beauty of the area and get a glimpse of the rich Japanese culture. The university resides on a beautiful campus surrounded by mountains, and November was an excellent time to visit, as the beauty of the area was further highlighted by
intensive autumn colours. The presence of history stretching back over a thousand years of civilisation was just mind-boggling. Temples and shrines are a landmark of Kyoto. They come in multitude of sizes and shapes and are just everywhere even in downtown Kyoto, residing side-by-side with ultramodern city landscape. The University of Jyväskylä and the Kyoto Sangyo University are exchange partners, and on my second day on the campus, I ran into two exchange students from our university. Let us see if I managed to convince the Japanese students of the benefits of visiting Jyväskylä. Only time will tell whether we will see a flood of Kyoto Sangyo Students on our campus…
Pasi Sajasalo works as a Senior Assistant in Management and Leadership at JSBE
Students were exposed to wonders of paper industry in Finland and Japan
39
Visiting Scholar in action with Professor Igawa on blackboard summarising the talk of Pasi Sajasalo in Japanese. Courtesy of Kyoto Sangyo University.
JYVÄSKYLÄ UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS PL 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylän yliopisto tel. +358 14 260 1211 fax. +358 14 617 194
www.jyu.fi/jsbe