Hybrid Hotel for the Solo Traveler by Kaitlyn Beckham

Hybrid Hotel for the Solo Traveler



Dedicated to: This book is dedicated to my mom who has always supported me throughout my journeys and to those who want to explore the world. May you pack up your bags, hit the road and explore the unknown.

Table of Contents Section 1: Project Introduction & Design Objectives

1-10

Section 2: Historiography & Contemporary Global Context

11-18

Section 3: Case Studies

19-60

Section 4: Ergonomic & Technical Criteria

61-72

Section 5: Topical Explorations

73-86

Section 6: Existing Site, Context, Climate and Zoning

87-96

Section 7: Program Development & Documentation

97-108

Section 8: Building Analysis, Code, Regulations & Standards

109-120

Section 9: Project Research Summary

121-126

Section 10: Bibliography

127-132

“The World is a book, and those who don’t travel only read one page.” - St. Augustine

Section 1 Introduction & Goals

Do you remember the sights and sounds of your last adventure? The way it felt to step out of the cab from the airport into a new environment. The opportunity and experience to learn a new culture, try new foods, and simply meet others from around the world. These are only a few of the wonders that travel can offer. When attempting to immerse oneself in a new culture, be it a new city or a new country, one must be conscious of how personal experience affects the journey. Travel is a unique occasion where a visitor can truly experience the sights and sounds of a new place. You must be willing to put yourself out there, prepared to feel somewhat uncomfortable as you learn new customs, languages and traditions. Many tourists consider exploring on their own for this reason, to cut the ties to familiarly. According to the visa Global Travel Intentions Study, solo travel has become more popular, jumping to 37 percent, from 16 percent in 2013.1 Those afraid that they will be in the mix with the single crowd while on solo adventures need not worry.

While the stereotypical solo traveler has traditionally been single and looking, today a solo traveler is just as likely, if not more likely, to be married or in a committed relationship.2 In the United States a majority of places donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t accommodate the solo traveler. Most travel packages focus on families or the business traveler. Many companies are starting to make minor changes due the rise of more solo travelers and the evolving travel industry. According to New York Times, changing demographics and lifestyles mean that the climate for solo travel is starting to improve.3 Fees are being dropped, and more packages and deals are being marketed to people who plan to vacation alone. This then can lead to a more affordable, and accommodating travel experience for those who plan to explore alone. 4

The Objective The main objective is to design a hotel that caters to the solo traveler while promoting a social environment, and a budget friendly experience. For the most part, hotels donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem to achieve a social or inviting environment for solo travelers here in the United States. Many hotels are targeted towards family vacations, or the business traveler. Their environments are not the ideal setting for individuals who are traveling alone.

Here in the United States there are less opportunities to stay in a hostel. Many Americans who have not stayed in a hostel may believe that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s an unsafe environment to stay in; the whole idea of staying in a room with complete strangers may be enough to discourage some from traveling alone.

In other countries hostels are the ideal environment for the solo traveler. They provide a more social atmosphere for strangers to meet and socialize. Hostels tend to have more lounge and social spaces. They are also accommodating, provide planned events, game nights, and other various social activities for those traveling alone or in small groups. This then essentially allows for people to socialize.

Both the hostel and the hotel have their individual perks. One offers a more social and affordable atmosphere and the other offers a more private individual experience. Combining both would be an ideal solution for accommodating the solo traveler during their stay here in the United States. Combining the social atmosphere of a hostel, and offering the privacy of your own living quarters can be a solution and accommodation for the solo traveler that wont break the bank.

Research Goals

Research will include studies of human behavior especially when in a new environment. Gathering information about what makes people comfortable, and more interactive within a public space will be carefully researched. Also gaining knowledge of what goes into a design that is sustainable yet an affordable hotel experience will be a primary goal for research.

6 Case studies will also be completed by both visiting different locations and doing research similar buildings. Appropriate literature explaining building codes, design and human behavior within hotel design will be read.

The Designer Today many hotels are striving to create a “lifestyle” brand. According to Stephanie Rosenbloom’s article Travels for the Next Generation, hotels now try to strive to appeal to the next-generation travelers. Some are trying to lure those between the ages 18 and 34 with the use high -tech lounges, reasonable rates, locally inspired amenities, and grab-and-go meals. Finding that “lifestyle” that the client is looking to brand is one of the most important factors within the 5 design. This lifestyle is what will ultimately help the design to draw the targeted user into the space. When designing for the young solo traveler the designer must accommodate for their certain needs and wants. One of the major needs is a design that incorporates elements of the local culture and traditions. This will help those traveling to the area understand and immerse themselves into the surrounding environment more easily. Also, Providing a space that has a sense of security and comfort would be ideal.

8 The design would incorporate materials, colors, and a layout that is open, and inviting for both large and small groups to socialize. Providing a space for people to easily meet and regularly cross path would be ideal to promote unity and a social environment. Having areas where social events can take Providing dining areas that implement a social dining style would help individuals to not be forced to dine alone.

The Client Designing a space that provides interactions between people could help those who are traveling alone meet others, and form lifelong friendships, or relationships.

Sustainability The hotel industry is starting to make necessary changes that can help impact the environment in a positive aspect. Most of the time hotels are criticized for their wastefullness. Instead of just suggested practices, the Leadership in Energy & Environmental design certification are making green initiatives standards.6 Using Eco-friendly materials during construction is one of the many ways that hotels are contributing to a more sustainable world. Some examples of some sustainable systems that are being implemented are rainwater harvesting, living roofs and Smart HVAC and lighting systems. Hotels are also trying to embrace the â&#x20AC;&#x153;think localâ&#x20AC;? mantra. This means featuring local food and beverage options within hotels.7

The client is an open minded individual who is currently a hotel manager. She is hoping to change the face of the hospitality industry and to provide accommodations for this new rising trend in the travel industry. The client is an expert at how the average hotel is operated and of its functions, but they are truly inspired by the host-like experience that can primarily be found within European countries. They believe that the hotel can be improved by simply integrating some of its qualities into a hostel. Ultimately he would like to provide a mixture of both a hostel and hotel like experience. A hotel experience in the sense of privacy, yet also providing an atmosphere that can be very social and encouraging for people to socialize in that is similar to a hostel. While they do enjoy the feel of modern and technology based designs, they also want to incorporate aspects of the local history, and culture within the design.

The Client wants to accommodate the solo or leisure traveler. Since this is a new and evolving travel trend, targeting this type of traveler would be a beneficial and substantial investment for the future of the hospitality industry.

It can provide them with an affordable solution to meeting others and experiencing new cultures from around the world. Stepping out of your comfort zone, and into the world is the first step to a truly amazing experience, friendship, or anything you find along the way.

The main user of the design would be young adults traveling on a budget. Ultimately the client wants this design to provide a budget friendly and social environment for young adults to travel and experience all the world has to offer. This design would allow those traveling alone and on a budget to cut those ties to everything that is familiar and provide them with a unique and unforgettable adventure. This can all be possible through the use of good design, accommodation, and a social environment for the young adult traveler.

Endnotes/Images 1. Millward, B. (2015). Visa Global Travel Intentions Study 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.visamiddleeast. com/me/common/include/uploads/VisaTravelIntentions2015.pdf 2. Rosenbloom, S. (2015, March 17). Hotels for the Next Generation. Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.nytimes. com/2015/03/22/travel/hotels-for-the-next-generation.html?_r=0 3.Rosenbloom, S. (2015, March 15). Travel Industry Responds to Rise in Solo Sojourners Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/22/travel/hotels-for-the-next-generation.html?_r=0 4. Ibid 5. Rosenbloom, S. (2015, March 17). Hotels for the Next Generation. Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.nytimes. com/2015/03/22/travel/hotels-for-the-next-generation.html?_r=0 6.Wheeler, harry. â&#x20AC;&#x153;HNN- Sustainable Hotel Design Gaining Momentum.â&#x20AC;? April 22, 2015. Accessed December 08, 2016. http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/artivles/25823/Sustainable-hotel-design-gaining-momentum. 7.Ibid 1. Adventure, Travel, Accessed October 6, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/277w0_vLMv/ 2. Solo Travel, Roadtrip, Accesed October 6, 2016. brandymelvilleusa.com 3. Man solo Travel, Adventure, Accessed October 6, 2016. http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifestyle/13-things-only-solo-travelers-will-understand.html 4. Travel, Philadelphia Attractions, Beer Garden, Accessed October 6, 2016. https://www.timeout.com/chicago/bars/beergardens-rooftop-bars-and-outdoor-dining-spots-in-chicago 5. Travel, Plane, https://www.pexels.com/photo/plane/travel-26432/ 6. CitizenM hotel, Adventure Solo travel, Accessed October 6, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BBA5QF7KxoJ/?taken-by=nomad_basel 7. Nomad Hotel, Lounge, Friends, Accessed October 6, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/nomad_basel/ 8.Travel Friends, Hanging out, Accessed October 6, 2016. http://samesun.com/solo-travel-mission-to-make-friends/ 9. Solo Travel, Accessed October 6, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-s-hand-on-yellow-blue-and-whitemap-26432/ 10. Sustainability, Architecture, Accessed December 10, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-s-hand-on-yellow-blue-and-white-map-26432/ 11. Hotel, Lounge, http://www.worldofwanderlust.com/10-best-hotel-room-views-world/ 12. Travel, Road, Accessed December 10, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-s-hand-on-yellow-blue-andwhite-map-26432/

Section 2 Historiography & Contemporary Global Context

Origin Travel has always been one of the many activities humans have engaged in since the beginning of time. Humans typically migrated depending on resources, or for exploring the world for new treasures. Today we still travel for some of the same reasons. We travel according to a new job, happiness, family, or for leisure. Unlike our ancestors, we can travel and be faced with a multitude of options for accommodations and destinations. We can also travel with more convenience, leisure, and comfort than many of the travelers that traveled before us.

The origins of the hospitality industry date back to the very beginning of time, and travel. The change of this industry first began to evolve from the culture and politics of the early United States. One of the underlying facts of the nations human geography was that the American people were amongst some of the most mobile people in the world. With that being said it is only fitting that the American society and culture was the starting point of the invention of an architectural and social form that lead to the international building blocks for sheltering and providing accommodations to travelers. 2

Travel was not always such a common luxury. For more than a millennium a majority of people in Europe and much of the world had been stuck in one place by either work, family, customs, or political power. It wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t until the eighteenth century that the rise of capitalism, and the decline of feudalism gave way to the possibility of travel. This new notion of personal liberty provided a new idea and aspect of human mobility. The development of the hotel was part of this new 1 and upcoming shift within society.

Transportation Travel and the hospitality industry not only evolved by means of cultural, and political power, but also by the development of new transportation systems, and new building methods for accommodating travelers. In the mid-1790s urban entrepreneurs invented a new building type that replaced the inns and taverns that had accommodated travelers in North America for nearly two centuries. This building became the starting blocks of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hotel industry.3 This idea branched from the hotel garni, or a large house, that was originally established in Paris. These large houses provided apartments that could be rented by the day, week, or month. This led way to a customary method of accommodating travelers. Instead of the typical inns and hostels, it provided something that was more accommodating and luxurious.4

Traveling at this time was very limited and was only available to those who could afford it. At this time the main accommodations were Inns and hostelries that could be found along the highways and in small towns.5

Along with the evolution of hospitality, the transportation systems also changed. Beginning in the mid-19th century travel for most journeys were taken for business or educational reasons. Most travelers would travel by coach to destinations within their own country.

The design and architecture of the hotel also evolved overtime. The large luxurious hotels were usually the ones that caught the most attention, but smaller hostelries were the most common. During the industrial revolution Hotels were constructed throughout America. These hotels primarily populated larger city centers like New York, and Chicago.7

Between 1850 and 1950 the rise and face of the travel industry began to change. With the introduction of railways, steamships, and automobiles helped to provide a more convenient way of travel. People began to not only travel for business, but began to travel for holiday and vacation purposes. Even though hotels had been around since the early eighteen centuries, their growth primarily occurred within the nineteenth century, due to the rise of new convenient transportation. During this time, hotels with guest houses and boarding houses were what dominated the market.6

Globally and Today Hotels were not only an American trend, but could also be found worldwide throughout the nineteenth century. According to Sandoval a professor of history stated that â&#x20AC;&#x153;â&#x20AC;Śthe hotel was the physical manifestation of a distinctly American vision of mobility, civil society, democracy, and ultimately, space- a vision which, if the subsequent propagation of hotels in virtually every nation and culture on earth is any indication, has shown itself to 8 be quite compelling.â&#x20AC;? The rise of the hotel industry not only provided accommodation, but made the hospitality industry an critical factor in human relationships. All in all, America was the trend setter of the hotel style, and hospitality industry around the world.

Today The hotel industry is thriving more than ever. Architects, designers, engineers, developers and many more all contribute to the needs and wants of guest. This consist of analyzing new trends, and referring to the history of the hospitality industry, all to provide a more permanent competitive hospitality environment for the third millennium. This will all be possible with evolving technology and the understanding of the needs and wants of the modern day travelers and trends.9 The understanding that cultural artifacts like hotels are more than just building types that exist in the physical world; they are also expressions of the human relationships, ideologies, and scenes of social conflict which help give way to modern day design of the hospitality industry.10

http://www.mandarinoriental. com/prague/hotel-photo-gallery/

6 15

8 16

Endnotes/Images 1. Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Page 2 2. Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Pages 3 3. Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Pages 4 4. Medlik, Slavoj. The Business of Hotels. London: Heinemann, 1989.Page 6 5. Medlik, Slavoj. The Business of Hotels. London: Heinemann, 1989. 6. Medlik, Slavoj. The Business of Hotels. London: Heinemann, 1989. 7. Levy-Bonvin, By Jacques. “Hospitality Net- Hotels- A brief History- By Jasques Levy Bonvin. December 15, 2013. Accessed September 07, 2016. http://hospitalitynet.org/news/4017990.html. 8. Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Page 9 9. Levy-Bonvin, By Jacques. “Hospitality Net- Hotels- A brief History- By Jasques Levy Bonvin. December 15, 2013. Accessed September 07, 2016. http://hospitalitynet.org/news/4017990.html. 10. Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Page 9

1. Map, Camera, Accessed December 10, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/city-landscape-sky-people-127420/ 2. Horse Travel, firt Road, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://traveltips.usatoday.com/history-hotel-restaurant-management-54946.html 3. First Hotels, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://erin-oncall.blogspot.com/2012/03/time-travel.html 4. Car travel, 1960’s, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://erin-oncall.blogspot.com/2012/03/time-travel.html 5. Railroad, Train, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/rr-railroadquips.html 6. Hotel Lobby, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://www.mandarinoriental.com/prague/hotel-photo-gallery/ 7.Modern hotel, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/rr-railroadquips.html 8. Hotel, Service, Accessed December 10, 2016. https://ifttt.com/join 9. Road, travel, Accessed December 10, 2016. http://bossfight.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/boss-fight-free-high-qualitystock-images-photos-photography-man-skateboard-road-forest.jpg

Section 3 Cases Studies

Overview The CitizenM New York Hotel is located at 218 West 50th Street of New York City. This location is only blocks from the bustling tourist attraction and entertainment of Times Square making it a prime location for those visiting the city that never sleeps. This 21-story high rise hotel designed by the European architect group Concrete offers 230 guest rooms. The guest rooms each 160 square feet sit on top of a double height grand living room and lobby area. This offers a place for those traveling a home away from home. The hotel first opened in April 2014. This location, similar to its six other locations throughout Europe, offers an affordable yet unique experience. Its self-service check-in, technology integrated pod-like rooms help to provide a new alternative to the original hotel experience. While anyone is welcome to stay at the hotel, the majority of the users tend to be business travelers. The typical age group for the business traveler at this hotel ranges anywhere from 25-60. The budget for this hotel was in the middle range construction budget for a New York hotel of this size. While the art work and custom made furniture imported from European countries contribute to raising some of the construction and design costs; the simplicity of the rooms help to lower the overall cost.

Relevance This Hotel it relevant in a multitude of aspects. Not only is this a trendy hotel that provides services to the modern day traveler for a reasonable price. Offering an affordable hotel for is something that is desirable today. This hotel offers high class amenities, but in a simplistic manner. The way the hotel is operated also contributes to providing an affordable experience for travelers visiting New York City.

Design Concept & Style The main concept of the building was to provide common spaces for people to gather and socialize. The main user type of the hotel is the business travel, meaning that their typical stay is anywhere from 2-4 days. With this in mind the design concept was to provide a space for those traveling alone to socialize and meet others. Providing smaller rooms helps to encourage people to gather down in the main lobby space, explore the library, the grab and go food bar, or wander up to the rooftop bar overlooking the city. As a whole the design and style is contemporary in many aspects but has a boutique feel. The modular pod like rooms, unique art work, and artifacts from around the world all help make up the unique boutique and contemporary feel of the interior space.

These areas are for those staying in the hotel to gather, read a book, or socialize with others in these space. For the most part the only private space is the individual room. The rest of the hotel spaces are considered public spaces. Figure one shows the breakdown of the public and private areas within the hotel. The primary public space is located on the main floor adjacent to the lobby. This space is the living room, which consists of a library, grab and go food bar, eating area, and computer station.

With the implementation of the idea of creating spaces for those to gather, the public and private areas of the hotel are one of the most prominent aspects of the design. The hotel rooms are the private areas, and the remaining areas in the hotel are for the public.

Sustainability Concrete Architects design their buildings to be more sustainable by building modular pod structures for the hotel rooms. This CitizenM location was not a new construction and modular pods could not be installed for the hotel rooms. In order to make up for that part of their usual sustainability plan they incorporated more outdoor green spaces. On the first level there is a garden that is adjacent to the lobby, and planters that are located on the balconies that are outside the gym, and the rooftop bar. Having this sustainable aspect for their guests also helps bring a part of nature and greenery to the city, and helps create an oasis for those looking to relax.

Interior Design The interior of the hotel is inviting by encouraging social activity and gathering within the space. Not only is it inviting from the exterior facade and graphics, but the interior makes the environment feel homelike and welcoming for the traveler.

The interior design of the hotel helps to bring the outdoors in. The use of bright vibrant colors helps to mimic the livelihood of the city. Their 19th floor gym incorporates floor to ceiling glass and an outdoor yoga terrace so those choosing to spend time in the gym also have a stunning view of the city. Each guest room is built and designed to be the same. Every room is 160 square feet, which makes it a cozy and petite room compared to the typical hotel room which 1 is about 325 square feet. Every room is also equipped with the same fixtures and elements. Each containing a bed with a large drawer for storage underneath, a shower encapsulated within frosted glass, and a floor to ceiling window that opens up the room to the views of New York City. 7

Even though the rooms all seem to be similar in their appearance; they are each customizable according to the guests own taste. Each room comes with its own IPad docked to the nightstand that allows you to control and customize the room. On the IPad you can control the windows, lights, music, television, and even the color of the room. Some of the presets for the color scenes are: business, party, romance, or it can be adjusted to whatever color the guest desires most.

Post Occupancy Survey According to the employees at CitizenM their work environment is substantially relaxing. At any one time there are usually only five employees working and approximately ten maids working throughout the day. Even with this limited number of employees working per day, they find it to be a great work environment. The self-service type environment helps with keeping a limited number of employees working at one time, which then provides with keeping the cost of the hotel down. Overall the employees found the hotel to be working fairly well for them and the guests. The only complaint was about storage. Rebecca, an employee working at the selfcheck in desk stated that “more storage for luggage would’ve been helpful.” With not enough storage in the rooms, the extra luggage is taken to the basement storage area, which then interferes with the employees already tight working quarters. When looking at figure 3, one can see that the basement is the only space that the employees have to themselves. This space is primarily used for storage or food prep.

When first walking into the space the extensive double height lobby and lounge is the first part of the hotel that you encounter. This area is the main public area. Figure 4, Shows the typical circulation path that the typical guest will use when first walking into the space. First is the self-check in, then the elevators that lead to the rooms. When coming back down after dropping off luggage the circulation on the main floor continues to either the right to check out the bar, outdoor garden, or to the left for the library and computer area. 8

The visitors at the time seemed content with the spaces. Many were socializing with each other in the common areas, or lounging in the library. While interviewing a small group of guests, they stated that their â&#x20AC;&#x153;experience had been great so far, and that the combination of the self-service, and friendly staff, made it a comfortable yet independent stay.â&#x20AC;?

Spaces, Rooms & Adjacencies Within the hotel there are two main areas either the public or private areas. According to size and placement the public areas far outweigh the private areas. Looking at Figure 1 again, the main private areas are the individual rooms, which are located on each floor above the lobby and lounge area on the first floor.

Evaluation Overall the design of the hotel works well as a whole. Having both public and private areas provides a great mixture for the guest. It helps them to either socialize if they so desire, or go back to the privacy of their own room. After visiting this space I learned that you can never have too much storage, and creating a mixture of outdoor and indoor spaces for guest to socialize in will help with the overall atmosphere of the space. In my opinion CitizenM feels like a mixture of both a hotel and hostel. It contains the same aspects of privacy that you have when staying in a hotel, but also contains the social aspects of staying in a hostel. 26

Endnotes/Images 1. Garrido, Ric. “My Square Foot – An Examination of Hotel Room Size.” Loyalty Traveler. June 9, 2009. Accessed September 16, 2016. http://loyaltytraveler.boardingarea.com/2009/06/09/my-square-foot-an-examination-of-hotel-room-size/. 1. Map, Road-trip, Digital Image, Accessed September 14, 2016. https://bossfight.co/16517-2/ 2. Travel companion, Travel, Digital Image, Accessed September 14, 2016. http://www.beautifulrussianlady.com/ 3. Maps, google maps, CitizenM Location, Accessed September 14, 2016. www.Googlemaps.com 4. Cityspaces Micropad, CitizenM, Accessed September 14, 2016. http://www.frbsf.org/community-development/ 5. CitizenM, Construction, Digital Image Accessed September 14, 2016. http://myfancyhouse.com/2014/06/14/citizenmopened-a-superb-hotel-in-times-square-new-york/citizenm-opened-a-superb-hotel-in-times-square-new-york-16/ 6. CitizenM Rooftop Bar, A Personal photograph by Kaitlyn Beckham August 4, 2016. 7. CitizenM, Newyork Hotel gym, Accessed September 14, 2016. https://nl.citizenm.com/destinations/new-york/new-yorktimes-square-hotel 8. CitizenM, Room, Digital Image Accessed September 14, 2016.https://nl.citizenm.com/destinations/new-york/new-yorktimes-square-hotel 9. CitizenM, Lounge, Digital Image, Accessed September 14, 2016.https://nl.citizenm.com/destinations/new-york/new-yorktimes-square-hotel 10. Road, trip, Accessed December 11, 2016. http://bossfight.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/boss-fight-free-high-qualitystock-images-photos-photography-woman-jumping-road.jpg

Case Study 2

Overview Nomad is a four-star hotel, bar, and eatery located in Basel Switzerland. The building was originally built in the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as an apartment complex, and just opened again in January 2016 as the Nomad hotel. The original construction is still visible in certain areas of the hotel today and parts of the hotels design characterizes some of the original aspects of the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design. The Building consist of two masses, one existing and one new addition. The first mass is the old seven story front and the second is the five story rear building. These two masses are connected by the ground floor that they both share. This sixty-five room hotel offers travelers a quiet place to stay. It is nestled on the outskirts of the city and only blocks from the city center of Basel. This allows travelers to easily access the city by walking or catching public transportation. It creates a place for the traveler to enjoy the city.

Relevance The design and circulation of the hotel is a tremendous aspect that any hotel can benefit from. The way that the public, private, and circulation was implemented into the design is very relevant to the design of hotels today. The architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s refurbishment of the old, and the addition of the new within the interior and exterior is also a very relevant aspect within the design of the hotel. Hotels are not always built in a newly constructed building, and learning from the original construction and how to implement the two together can make a design stronger.

Designing something new in an old environment can have its own challenges, and isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t always the easiest to do, so looking at designs that almost flawlessly complete the combination the of the old with the new is substantially relevant.

Design Concept & Style Through the use of structural additions and the refurbishment of the original structure the qualities and original atmosphere of the 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is brought back to life within the interior. and exterior. As shown in Figure 1, the integration of the old and new is visible within the design. The original faĂ§ade of the building has been preserved and restored to its original raw concrete surface. The faĂ§ade that is located at the front of the building also consist of concrete and implements the aluminum windows to create this relationship between the old and new. Another main aspect of the concept was to take advantage of the surrounding open area and spacious streets. The bar, lounge, and restaurant is located on the spacious open plan of the ground floor, allowing the area to open up into the streets. This creates an inviting atmosphere, and allows the outside public of the streets to be invited in. This combination of the outdoors and indoors is also implemented into the design of the courtyard that connects the front and rear building to one another. This part of the design gives some rooms a view that looks down onto the courtyard. The view gives a feeling of serenity, and almost an escape from the bustling city that is just on the other side of the building.

The design opens up and welcomes the city, but in a way contrasts the city. The main contrasting elements to the city is the way the rooms are placed within the plan. Instead of placing the rooms to have views that overlook the city, they overlook the green courtyard and old refurbished structure that is located in the center of the building. While some rooms do face the exterior streets into the city, more than half of the rooms contain this view of serenity.

Old vs. New Figure 1

New Old

Interior Design

The sixty-five rooms all located on the upper levels of the front and rear buildings possess different styles and elements within each. For the most part each room has a clean and boutique like style. Every room is unique in the materiality that is used. Overall the bed and main materials are the same per individual room. The main aspect that changes in each room are the textiles, and the vibrant warm colors. Purples, blues, and yellows are used to bring warmth to each room. Every textile is imported from another country and hand made. On the common ground floor, the bar and restaurant is connected by the use of a counter that protrudes through the space that provides stool top seating. The use of skylights is also implemented into the space and brings natural light in. Even though almost every wall of both the exterior and interior consist of concrete the space is still warm. The use of dark bold colors contrasts the concrete and create a warm and inviting feeling within the spaces.

Post Occupancy Survey While visiting the Hotel, many of the guests seemed to be out exploring the city. The few guests that were present were lounging in the restaurant lounge on the main floor enjoying the view of the outdoors of the city streets. When simply talking to the guest they seemed happy and relaxed. Many of the guests were from other parts of Switzerland and just there on a business trip for a few days. Aline, a guest that was on a business trip from Germany stated “The hotel is perfect for a quite relaxing stay after a day of business meetings during the day.” Another guest stated that “the office spaces allow a great area to meet for conference calls, or small meetings.”In Figure 2 the relationship of the office spaces to the rooms is visible. Showing the convenience of the circulation from those private spaces to public spaces. Overall the main demographic for the space are travelers staying for a few days on business.

Public Vs. Private Figure 2

The employees were welcoming and were busy socializing with the guest, and were happy to answer any questions. At the time there were only four people working. At the time, the main hotel manager was there, one receptionist, one working in the café/ restaurant and one housekeeper. Lina, the café employee stated “that this was not their peak time of year for the hotel business, but during summer months the city of Basel comes to life with the warmer weather.” Design wise, Lina commented that “the space feels comfortable and inviting, even with the use of the cold concrete the space is warm.”

Spatial Analysis

Figure 3

Spaces, Rooms, & Adjacencies: The main spaces that the hotel are divided up into are the: Bar, restaurant, lounge, reading room, office/meeting space, gym/ sauna, and the individual rooms. These spaces are divided up based on privacy and their accessibility. The bar, restaurant and lounge are all accessible through the main entrance and are open to the streets by large windows that are opened up during warmer months. The individual rooms are accessed through a stairwell. When walking up these stairs they are almost mistaken for fire stairs, but it adds privacy and intimacy to the journey to the individual room.

All rooms in the front seven story original building are accessible through the stairs and then a main hallway that runs down the center of each level. Within the rooms the furniture is arranged freely. The rooms in the newly constructed rear building are designed based on a circular motion and movement through the space. The bed is located in the center of the room, and the bathroom is located at the entrance.

The sixty-five rooms all located on the upper levels of the front and rear buildings possess a private and intimate environment. The rooms located at the rear of the building are arranged in a unique way.

Evaluation The space was unique to any other hotel I had ever visited. The time of year that I had visited may have played a role in the overall atmosphere of the place. Visiting in the cold month of March there were not many guests. With the mixture of concrete and bold bright colors used, the hotel seemed intimate and cozy. It was a place that I felt comfortable to sit down and grab a cup of coffee or read a book in their lounge to escape the bone chilling early Spring breeze. I was taken aback when first entering the space. At first I thought the hotel was actually a restaurant and bar. The main level had floor to ceiling windows on the front facade that displayed the restaurant and lounge area. The front desk and entrance was nowhere in sight. To enter I had to pass the building and enter on the side through what once was their courtyard entrance. The small front desk with their receptionist was tucked away into a corner and was separated from the restaurant and bar area by a wooden partition. As displayed in figure 4, the circulation on the first floor is unique when compared to the designs of other hotels. I found it very interesting and an intimate journey. I think having this circulation divided up the spaces well.

Overall the design and circulation of the space works well together. The rooms were spacious and allowed substantial space for storage. The use of materials helped to brighten and give warmth to the design. From my visit I will be taking substantial knowledge on how to integrate the old and new into my design, and also how to make the circulation through the space unique yet use-able.

Circulation Figure 4

Endnotes/ Images 1. Basel Sketch, Map, Accessed September 23, 2016. http://jiteshpatel.co.uk/map-illustration/ 2. Hello Basel, Sktech, http://jiteshpatel.co.uk/moleskine-sketch-book/ 3. Nomad Spring, Accessed September 23, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel 4. Nomad Hotel, Basel, Accessed September 23, 2016. http://www.bbarc.ch/ 5. Nomad Hotel, Basel, Architects Accessed September 23, 2016. http://www.bbarc.ch/ 6. Nomad Basel, Bar, Accessed September 23, 2016. Eatery http://www.nomad.ch/en/eatery/ 7. Nomade Textiles, Accessed Septmeber 23, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel

8. Nomad Textile, Construction, Accessed September 23, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel 9. Nomad Basel, Hotel Room, Accessed September 23, 2016. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g188049d8261251-Reviews-Nomad_Design_Lifestyle_Hotel-Basel.html 10. Nomad office, Accessed September 23, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel 11. Nomad Hotel, lounge, library space, Accessed September 23, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel 12. Nomad, Exterior, Accessed September 23, 2016. http://vsi-asai-image.ch/Regionale%20Jahresversammlung%20 Deutschschweizer%20Gruppe,%20Basel%207.%20April%202016%20im%20Hotel%20Nomad/index.html 13. Nomad, Hallway, https://www.instagram.com/p/8MMgbAKxiO/?taken-by=nomad_basel

Case Study 3

Overview The Adventure Hostel/ integrated Design Office is a hostel located in the city of Bangkok Thailand. It was designed and constructed by (INDEO) Integrated Office Design Architects in 2015. The total area of the hostel is 3,767 square feet. The hostel offers a budget overnight stay for the individual who is traveling to Bangkok to experience the chaotic and vibrant atmosphere that the city has to offer.1 The adventure hostel is operated by a group of backpackers. These individuals have traveled to over 70 cities, and bring with them their experiences and knowledge from those destinations. They have the mindset and knowledge of what people need and want while traveling to new destinations. The hostels primary goal is to provide a place that accommodates their guests with a comfortable place to stay with free Wi-Fi, air conditioning, and clean linen. They also provide a sociable place for meeting other people from around the world.2

Section

Relevance The Adventure hostel is a relevant project, because it provides accommodation for people who are backpacking or traveling alone to new destinations. It offers a social environment for travelers to meet others, as well as a convenient environment for the exploration of the city. The design is relevant in the ideas and culture that is implemented throughout the interior and exterior.

The way the architect and designers incorporated cultural aspects into the materiality, and design helps to give the space a feel for the local culture of Bangkok. Overall using this hostel design as a reference is relevant when designing a hospitality space that will be accommodating to the young solo traveler.

Interior Design The interior and exterior are both well known for their vibrant atmosphere. INDEO Introduces the components and everyday life of Bangkok into the interior design. They blur both the indoor and outdoor into the interior spaces. The interior design uses traffic lights, cones, and wood pallets to make this connection between both the indoors and outdoors. The outdoor space consists of a fabric that is draped over to provide shade. These colorful fabrics known as traditional sarong give a sense of the culture and Thai design.3 The colors used within every space are vibrant to help reflect the culture of the city. Bright yellows, oranges, and reds are used.

Public-Figure 61 Outdoor-Indoor Figure 2

Spaces, Rooms & Adjacencies

This adventure hostel is a 4-story typical shop house that was built during the 1960s. The structural Framing is a 7.20-meterwide 14-meter-deep building. The building was originally used as a low-income apartment. One of the main core design ideas was to use the structure and materials from the original apartment building. The original door and wall studs are now outdoor furniture and make up the wooden deck. The front window faรงade helps to protect the interior from the street noise, direct sunlight and creates privacy. The ground floor is the shop, and directly connected to the street where trade is always happening. The primary storage area is on the second level and family units are 4 on the levels above. The hostel consists of a kitchen, internet library, a bar with television, and an outdoor roof terrace. This roof terrace overlooks the city of Bangkok while providing natural ventilation. They also provide a bike for cycling around the city. This hostel is the perfect location for anybody interested in Eco-friendly 5 environments and a social community.

The location is right across from the Bangkok sky train is right in front of the hostel and provides transportation to anywhere in the city. The Chatuchak weekend market is only 500m away. This outdoor market is one of the largest in the world.6

Evaluation

Overall this design provides an ideal atmosphere for the solo traveler. The hostel is in a prime location for those who are traveling alone, and gives them convenience in the means of transportation throughout the city and surrounding area. In my opinion and based off of my research, the organization and circulation of the interior spaces works well together. The incorporation of both cultural and social aspects is also well done throughout the design. The way the large gathering areas are strategically placed within the design is well thought out. Lastly this design helps travelers to meet and socialize with others which helps to create a social environment.

Circulation: Figure 3

Spatial Analysis-Figure 4 ŽůŽƌ

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Endnotes/ Images 1. Adventure Hostel / Integrated Design Office.â&#x20AC;? ArchDaily. January 11, 2016. Accessed October 03, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design-office.1. Sketchbook, Map, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://ilovereadingandwriting.tumblr.com/post/50766250679 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 6. Ibid

1. Adventure, Travel Accessed September 29, 2016. http://banshy.tumblr.com/post/144147926937/ untitled-kyle-houck 2. Adventure, Travel Accessed September 29, 2016. http://banshy.tumblr.com/post/144147926937/ untitled-kyle-houck 3 Adventure hotel, Elevation, Accessed September 29th, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/ adventure-hostel-integrated-design4. Adventure hostel, Front desk, Accessed September 29th, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/ adventure-hostel-integrated-design5.Adeventure Hostel, Section, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design6. Adventure Hostel, .Front facade, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/ adventure-hostel-integrated-design7.Adventure Hostel, Interior Design, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily. com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design8.Adventure Hostel, Exterior patio, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/ adventure-hostel-integrated-design9.Adventure Hostel, Interior bed rooms, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily. com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design10. Adventure Hostel, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design11. Adventure Hostel, Accessed September 29, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design12. Adventure Hostel, Accessed September 29, 2016. https://www.agoda.com/adventure-hostel/hotel/ bangkok-th.html#lightbox

Case Study 4

Overview Superbude II a hostel located in Hamburg Germany was designed by Dreimeta Architects in 2012. Dreimeta took the original Deutsche Post which was a mail sorting office from the turn of the century and refurbished parts of the original structure into what is now the Superbude II Hostel. The overall design for the hostel was constructed to be dual concept. The design is meant to reflect and incorporate ideas from both hotel and hostel designs.1 The location of the hostel in Hamburg Germany is in the “hip District” “schanze”. This location provides many opportunities for young or solo travels to conveniently access the city, and some of the most popular locations for tourists. The Design isn’t only a dual concept, but also characterizes an “unconventional design”.2 This unconventional design gives guests a “blend of straight forward hostel accommodation and the benefits of an ideally technically-equipped hotel.”3 4

Relevance

Superbude IIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name originates from the word â&#x20AC;&#x153;Budenâ&#x20AC;?, which means hotel 4 rooms with communal areas. The idea of combining both hotel and hostel elements help to also tie into its name. These communal areas go back to the original ideas and aspects of a hostel, while privacy and private room options represent similar aspects of a hotel. This hostel provides relevant information for both hotel and hostel design. It helps to understand how to incorporate both public areas, and private areas into one space.

Not only does Superbuden II consist of a design that merges both the hotel and hostel together, but it provides an affordable environment. The incorporation of affordable furnishing within the interior spaces helps with the overall cost and stay for the guests. The use of their furniture also helps to give reference to the culture and aspects of the port city. This is relevant, because incorporating local aspects is something that can immerse the guest into the environment and provide them with a memorable experience.

Interior Design The interior spaces reference Hamburg’s historical Port city with nautical and industrial aspects. A majority of the interior spaces consist of recycled elements; one being the wallpaper. Throughout the guest rooms, Hamburg’s daily newspapers are used as wallpaper, which helps to offer a sense of history and immersion into the area.5 Plungers are hung on walls as coat hooks, beer crates and wheelbarrows are used as casual seating within many gathering spaces. Some other items used within the interior rooms are orange colored safety nets as headboards, yellow form-work panels, and scaffolding tubes used in the base structure of wardrobes and tables. These elements not only add a sustainable and industrial aspect, but create an affordable, simple, unique design. According to Driemeta, “The principle of our design was to integrate typical local everyday items and materials and to give them a new function.” 6

The guest’s rooms are adaptable and beds can be increased to meet occupancy requirements. These adaptable rooms are double rooms, but consist of stackable beds designed by Rolf Heide. These beds provide the option for the room to accommodate up to 3-4 people in a matter of seconds. With these stackable beds, Superbude can hold up to 270 guests in only 90 rooms. The hostel also offers a suite, as opposed to the double room option. This Rockstar Suite, is made for meetings or intimate gigs. It is set up for small bands to come stay or perform, and even consist of any equipment that would be needed. The stage hides a platform for beds that are underneath.7 On the ground floor a 50- meter-long functional wall made of yellow concrete form-work panels consist of a rope pattern that is burnt into the surface, this wall holds all of the necessary functions within this 8 spaces.

The wall contains refrigerators, internet station, safes, benched, water refill station, and storage space. This rope pattern is also printed onto the carpet throughout the corridors. This patterns helps to accentuate the buildings long and narrow shape. Other recycled industrial materials are used in the public areas. The kitchen, buffet, bar and tables are all made of red silkscreen panels. The countertops within these areas are made of copper sheet metal.9

Spaces Rooms & Adjacencies The main public areas within the hotel are the lobby, bar, and the shop. The hotel also provides a kitchen area where breakfast is served. This area also consists of microwaves and ovens for the guests to use during their stay. This kitchen area also serves as a gathering and hangout area for the guests. This is adjacent to all the public areas that span along the exterior portion of the floorplan. Separated by the main structure of the building, the rooms and private spaces are on the interior portion of the floor plan.10

Evaluation Overall, the space incorporates many local aspects to create an affordable, and industrial style design for its guests. This design also successfully combines the hotel and hostel into one. In my opinion, I think that the design of Superbude II works well. The incorporation of local materials helps to give the guest a feel for the history and origins of the city of Hamburg. The large public spaces give the feel of a hostel-like design, and the separation of the rooms into a separate but adjacent part of the buildings helps to provide aspects of a hotel. Overall this design helped to provide substantial information on hotel-hostel design and how to carry both out within one design, while implementing local materials and aspects.

Endnotes/ Images 1.http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 6. Ibid 7. Ibid 8. Ibid 9. Ibid 10. Ibid 1. Map, travel, Accessed December 11, 2016. https://bossfight.co/camera-polaroids-map-photos/ 2. Travel, adventure, Accessed December 11, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/pointing-people-human-lake-24290/ 3. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 4. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 5. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 6. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 7. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 8. Superbude, Guest room, Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 9. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 10. Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 11. Superbude, Guest room Accessed December 11, 2016. http://www.archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta/52f1bbc6e8e44e0b6d000113-superbude-2-dreimeta-photo 12. Roadtrip, Road, Accessed December 11, 2016. https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-staring-panorama-sky-24476/

Section 4 Ergonomics & Technical Criteria

Ergonomics Hotels consist of many different aspects and elements within their designs. Ergonomics is something that needs to be thoroughly thought out for staff and guest to function and move throughout a space. Within the rooms of a hotel spacing needs to be decided based upon the guests and their needs to easily navigate within their own rooms. Hotel rooms are designed as a place to sleep and rest. It is a place to feel comfortable and safe. Hotel rooms tend to use less floor area. It is up to the designer to ensure that the interior of the rooms is accessible for everyone to easily move throughout the space.1 Clearances will be based off the design of the specific furnishing within the room. The width of the aisle between the beds is determined based off the bedside table measurements. The access to the dressers is determined by the width of the drawers when they are opened.2

At the bar or restaurant area, there should be enough distance between the bar and back bar. There needs to be adequate workspace for the bartender to properly perform their job. A minimum of 36in should be provided for the bartender to be able to circulate and serve the guests. For barstools, there needs to be accommodation for the majority of the average population. With a bar stool that is spaced 30-in apart will accommodate 95 percent of users. This will allow guests of a larger body size a comfortable way to depart from the stool without having to disrupt the person next to them.3

Materials Materials within a public environment should take both aesthetics, function and safety into consideration. Floors in large environments should consist of non-slip surfaces, and clearly show changes in materials, levels or steps. 4 Materials within the hospitality industry must be durable, and resist heavy traffic. These heavy duty materials should be used throughout corridors, and heavy traffic spaces. Fabrics and draperies should consist of fire ratings, and have a minimum of 200,000 double drubs for upholstery fabrics.

Furniture, Finishes, and Equipment The hospitality industry is an industry that accommodates a large group of people, including the physically impaired, young, and old. With this in mind, the hospitality industry must provide furniture, finishes and equipment that can be used and accommodate a majority of users. Hotels tend to offer more amenities than other buildings like educational and other commercial buildings. Hotels have significantly large back of house areas, and expensive high levels of wear and tear on furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Equipment must be easily operable for users. Furniture should also be accommodating for all types of users.5

Lighting Lighting can be used in a variety of ways throughout the space. All lighting should be at an illumination intensity increased from 20 lux (22 lumen/sqft) in the lobby entrance. 6 The reception desk must be around 400 lux. Lighting levels are a crucial aspect of creating mood and ambiance within interior spaces. Lighting can also affect the safety of guests. The amount of Lighting that will be needed is dependent upon the color and reflectance of surfaces, the contrast between objects, and the direction of the light. In dim lit areas, additional lighting should be used 7 to highlight hazards such as steps and ramps. General lighting levels should remain consistent, to allow eyes to adjust easily when moving from one space to the next. Natural light from both windows and skylight should 8 be controlled to reduce glare from the sun. 14

Sustainable Design Sustainable design within modern day construction is a necessary factor. It is also a new and evolving way to design interior and exterior spaces. LEED is the green building certification that a building can receive. LEED is the Leadership in Energy and 9 Environmental Design. Some aspects of a design that can lead to achieving leed credit are: sustainable materials, Modular units integrated into the original structure. The use of green walls, an natural elements.10

Acoustic Control Controlling noise is a serious factor in modern day buildings, especially those who will be experiencing heavy traffic in the main public spaces. Noise is caused by both external and internal activities. The space can receive noise from the exterior traffic, aircrafts 11 or street noise. In interior spaces, sound penetration may occur due to the reverberation in large connected areas. Interior Areas and rooms should be rated in terms of the amount of noise that will be generated, their sensitivity to noise.12 Zoning, by either separating, or screening layouts are planned to minimize the effects of noise from travel too much in one spaces or between spaces. Separating guest-rooms from public areas, screening certain areas from exterior noise can help with this.13 Large public areas will require acoustic treatments to avoid sound distortion. Using bedroom blocks can provide a large mass and good sound insulation as well as fire resistance. Impact noise can be reduced by choosing different surface treatments. This can consist of carpeting within public spaces, or the use of soft materials, or rubber buffers, these will all absorb sound rather than reflect 14 it.

Wayfinding and Signage Providing accurate, and substantial signage for both circulation, and way-finding is an important aspect for both safety and circulation. The use of graphic design must be consistent, and match the interior design of the hotel.15 Sign-age can help with the recognition of restricted areas, identification, and directions to certain areas. Signage will provided clear circulation and way finding throughout the space. Clear directions to the entrance, disabled access, function areas, and recreational areas will provide way finding throughout the hotel. The entrance of the hotel is a critical aspect of the way finding in the hotel. This is the area that guest should be guided to their desired destination.16

Security and Visual Control Providing card swipes to rooms will keep private spaces safe. Locating the main entrance and exits close to the front desk area will help these areas to be easily monitored by the staff. Security cameras should be mounted in areas with heavy traffic, like the main entrance, lobby, and bar/lounge areas. These security cameras should be easily viewable by the staff.17

Universal Design, ADA and Code Planning for safety, and fire egress within the design is a major influence on the arrangement of rooms and the internal circulation. Technical equipment allows protection and constantly monitors the controls of airflow and smoke penetration. Making sure level changes are recognizable by a change in material will also help with tripping hazards.18 Fire safety shall include fire resistance of the building elements and components. The limitation of materials and finished that are combustible, and a high rate of surface flame 19 spread. Accommodation for those who are impaired or canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t navigate spaces as easily is important. Providing egress and clearances for wheelchairs is part of code. Signed routes for disabled must be visible and ramp inclines are at a maximum of 1:10. Easily operable doors and wide corridors.20 Providing substantial lighting in certain spaces for those who have impaired hearing 21 can allow them to depend on lip-reading.

25 22 70

Endnotes/Images 1. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 2. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 3. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 4. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 186. 5. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 6. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 195. 7. Davies, Thomas D., Kim A. Beasley, and Thomas D. Davies. Accessible Design for Hospitality: ADA Guidelines for Planning Accessible Hotels, Motels, and Other Recreational Facilities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Page 113. 8.Davies, Thomas D., Kim A. Beasley, and Thomas D. Davies. Accessible Design for Hospitality: ADA Guidelines for Planning Accessible Hotels, Motels, and Other Recreational Facilities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Page 113. 9. “Hotels Worldwide Are Going Green with LEED | U.S. Green ...” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.usgbc.org/articles/hotels-worldwide-are-going-green-leed. 10. “Hotels Worldwide Are Going Green with LEED | U.S. Green ...” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.usgbc.org/articles/hotels-worldwide-are-going-green-leed. 11. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 183. 12. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 183. 13. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 183. 14. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. Page 185. 15. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 194. 16.Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 194. 17. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 195. 18. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 186. 19.Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 187. 20.Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Architecture, 1995. page 195. 21. Davies, Thomas D., Kim A. Beasley, and Thomas D. Davies. Accessible Design for Hospitality: ADA Guidelines for Planning Accessible Hotels, Motels, and Other Recreational Facilities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Page 113.

1. Travel, coffee, wanderlust. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. http://favim.com/image/2581672 2. Travel Friends, Roaptrip. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. http://janelchang.tumblr.com/ 3. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 4. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 5. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 6. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 7. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 8. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 9. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 10. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 11. Ergonomics Diagram. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 12. Material Board, Interior Design, Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. https://www.pinterest.com/luxuryinteriors/color-theory/ 13. Material Board. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. https://www.pinterest.com/luxuryinteriors/color-theory/ 14. Interior Design hotel Lighting. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. https://www.pinterest.com/source/archiproducts.tumblr.com 15. Interior Design hotel Lighting. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. http://fountainlee.weebly.com/hotel-lighting-design.html 16. LEED Interior Design Chart. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. http://www.kingspanpanels.us/sustainability/leed 17. Green wall, Interior Design. Accessed 10/19/2016. static.plataformaarquitectura.cl 18. Interior Acoustic Panel system. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. kanvas.com.au 19.Interior design Acoustic System. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/476466835548812831/ 20. Wayfinding signs. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. http://bashooka.com/inspiration/21-stunning-wayfinding-signage-designs/ 21. Wayfinding in Hotels. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. http://bashooka.com/inspiration/21-stunning-wayfinding-signage-designs/ 22. Security Systems. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. https://financialtribune.com/articles/people-travel/44822/russia-mulls-strict-security-measures-hotels 23. ADA Diagrams. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 24. ADA Diagrams. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 25. Interior Design hotel Lighting. Accessed Oct. 19, 2016. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Section 5 Topical Explorations

Human Behavior Psychological and Sociological needs: Young adults today seem to be environmentally aware. They have been taught and brought up in a generation that is trying to fix the mistakes and damage from the past. When designing a hotel for these users, designing a space that is environmentally conscious is an aspect that will not only help with the health and well-being of the future, but will all together bring comfort to the user. According to Consumer’ Environmental behavior towards staying at a green hotel, “Consumers’ general environmental knowledge influenced young consumer ecological behavior in their decision-making process”.1 The design should integrate the awareness and acceptance of green products and services. Customers want to stay in a green hotel that offers environmentally friendly products and services. This is primarily due to their belief that they can contribute to saving the planet and leaving a green environment for future generations.2

Behavioral norms: Creating a better connection between the built environment and the occupants is what design should consist of. An understanding of the human being psychologically within an interior space can help drive the design. Psychology now informs our perception of human behavior; the science of an interior space will influence our view of all human interactions within a built environment. 4

Research has found that returning tourists tend to stay at green hotels, because of the positive influence on their attitude and perceived behavioral control. These consumerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s preference for green hotels is geared towards an eco-friendly environment. This includes the modern design and ambiance, as well as comfortable surroundings. These aspects have motivated returning consumers to stay for more than four times a year. The design should show high levels of responsibility towards green, and implement environmentally 3 friendly practices.

Light, Space and Materials: Controlling, channeling, and filtering natural light as it enters a space is one of the most effective design strategies. Natural light can be a powerful component of a design. As humans, we can react to light in an emotional and intuitive way. “Laying out spaces that consist of natural light can help brighten the mood of anybody who enters.”7Studies have shown that natural lighting helps to promote productivity. Too much natural light can cause glare, and uncomfortable levels of brightness, so design decisions need to be taken into consideration. The activity within that space will help to determine the use of natural light control. Inserting window treatments into certain rooms can help to minimize harsh effects from too much lighting.8

Proper lighting within a space can help users to feel safer, comfortable, and enjoy the overall space to its full potential. Having insufficient lighting exposure can lead to the disruption of the standard human rhythm. This can lead to issues with performance, safety, and health. Patterns of luminance can help to evoke positive emotions similar to the way background music can.5 The main concern with lighting design is allowing visual comfort. Lighting and color can have an impact on a person’s perception and response to the interior environment. Not only does light effect vision, it can have effects on the circadian rhythm of hormone secretions and body temperature, it can also effect alertness, mood and behavior.6

Artificial light within the interior also plays a considerable role in the mode and overall feelings that can be evoked through its use. Designing lighting layouts for the dining or bar area can evoke both a cozy or contemporary feeling. Artificial lighting can help to accentuate the design features and overall character of the interior environment. To create a calming environment the use of reflective surfaces and use of warm colors can be integrated to help reflect soft light around the room.9

Materials used throughout interior environments can influence human health and comfort within a space. Texture can give character and a sense of life to a space. It is the element that can be seen and touched. Rooms that are filled with texture can help to provide an experience that can be relaxing quiet, or a bold stimulating environment. Balancing texture with color can help the interior be a harmonious one. Flooring that is lighter in color can feel lighter to people within the environment. For example, white marble floor will appear to be lighter than wood paneled flooring, even though the marble is heavier in density.10 An object of a series of objects within a space can provide focus, or encourage movement, it can also supply rhythm or balances within the environment, and can promote both visual and physical direction.11

Endnotes/ Images 1. Suki, Norazah Mohd, and Norbayah Mohd Suki. “Consumers’ Environmental Bahavior towards Staying at a Gree Hotel. “ Management of Envornmental Quality: An International Journal 26, n0. 1 (2015): 103-17. Doi: 10.1108/meq-02-2014-0023 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. Caan, Shashi. Rethinking Design And Interiors : Human Beings In The Built Environment. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2011. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 20 Oct. 2016. 5. Reddy, Swathi, Chakrabarti, Debkumar, and Karmakar. Emotion and Interior Space Design: an Ergonomic Perspectice. 2012. 6. Ibid 7. Grimley, Chris, and Mimi Love. Color, Space, and Style: All the details Interior 7. Designers Need to Know but Can Never Find. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2007.

8. Ibid 9. Ibid

11. Reddy, Swathi, Chakrabarti, Debkumar, and Karmakar. Emotion and Interior Space Design: an Ergonomic Perspectice. 2012.

1. Travel, Map, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://frame.bloglovin.com/?post=4819065234&blog=3499466&gro up=0&frame=1&frame_type=none&avpp=true&context=&context_ids=&feed_order=&click=0&user= 2. Travel, Roadtrip, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://www.jaglever.com/the-desert/#30c00bj4b4.38120.pi 3. Eco-Friendly Design. Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/5b/99/72/5b99724d7680246aa30cd9bfa80895f4.jpg 4. Hostel, Socializing, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://www.gomio.com/blog/index.php/30-luxury-hostels-youwill-love-design-hostels/ 5. Sustainable Materials, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/10-best-nonvoc-lowtoxic-interi-50915 6. Natural Light, Interior Design, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://www.best-100-home-decor-pictures.xyz/kitchen-designs/bright-scandinavian-dining-room-with-roof-windows-and-increased-natural-light/ 7. Interior Design Hotel, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://www.admagazine.fr/lifestyle/le-carnet-adresses-de/diaporama/les-nouveaux-restaurants-parisiens-de-la-redaction-ad/37368?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=referral#4 8. Natural/artificial light, Interior Design, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. https://homeadore.com/2013/02/12/wiesergut-boutique-hotel-gogl-architekten/ 9. Travel, Trian, Accessed Oct. 24, 2016. http://peone.tumblr.com/post/118698639407

“Travel Far Enough, You Meet Yourself.” - Cloud Atlas

Color Theory According to a reliable estimate by Judd and Wyszecki in 1975, we can see a total of 10 million colors. One of the main challenges that designers can encounter while designing a space is the disappointment of a color combination. “Colors will not always appear the way they are supposed to from the impact of other colors that are present throughout the space.” “Sometimes colors that are less desirable can be made to look more attractive through the selection of the colors that they will be seen with.” Some of the aspects that can affect color is the value, temperature, saturation, and its scale.1

The temperature of a color can be described as warm, or cool. Warm colors are: reds, oranges, and yellows. Colder colors are blues and greens, and neutral colors are whites and grays. These neutral colors have ranges of temperature and can shift in tone from cool to warm. The temperature of colors can either enhance or pull a color scheme together.2

Overall color can influence a space in many aspects. Most importantly it can influence the emotion and feeling of the users. Color can evoke emotional feelings. These emotions can be calmness and lightness. These feelings from colors are known as color emotion.5

Contrasting between a light and dark color is used quite often within designs. Contrasting colors are immediately perceived by people entering that space. Contrast will occur in most cases between neutral colors like gray, black, and dark olive. Contrasting colors will be used to show changes in material and the edges of an object. Colors placed side by side will also influence each other. Darker colors will make a color look lighter, and a lighter color will make a smaller amount of color look darker. In image 2 the lighter colors around the purple star make it appear lighter in color. In Image 3 the black and 3 gray around the star make the star appear darker.

Color can have many different meanings, and emotional feelings for people of a variety of cultures. For example, white is seen as a pure, or symbolism of innocence in Western civilizations, but in eastern countries, white is a color that 6 represents mourning. For the most part, red is used to stimulate the body and mind, and encourage activeness. While the color blue can have a feeling of calmness, and promote productivity.7

Designers can also adjust the hue, value, and saturation of a color by increasing or decreasing the scale of the color, and the colors around it. To make two colors more desirable they can be separated by a neutral material. For colors to impact other colors around it is due to is scale and strength. Strong colors will stress the cone of the eye, so the eyes will try to look for relief in adjacent colors. Colors can visually push and create tension that can change out perception of colors. Placing a bright cyan colors next to a bold orange-yellow will cause stress on the eye. These two colors donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t compliment eachother, so the orange will make the blue appear a little less green, and closer to purple, and the yellow orange will appear to be more orange.4 4 82

Encouraging Socialization To design a hotel that will incorporate aspects of a hostel and a hotel into one will require thought and planning on how to implement spaces that can contain characteristics of both. To create an environment that represents a hostel, there will need to be spaces that are designed for social activities and social interaction. To create an environment that is meant for social interaction, there must be some research as to what makes people more social, and what kind of environment is best to encourage people to break out of their own comfort zone and socialize with strangers. The structure of the environment, open spaces, symbolic focus points, and directing elements can help 8 coordinate the communication within a space.

Large windows within a space create a desire for people to socialize more. The natural daylight entering from these windows can help to improve moods and emotional tone. More intimate behavior is not encouraged by windows. Well lit rooms, preferably with natural light, along with high or sloping ceilings will encourage social interaction.9 Furniture, can also both support and encourage social interaction based upon its arrangement. Certain arrangements of furniture can remove barriers between people. Keeping furniture arraignments open rather than closed will keep a â&#x20AC;&#x153;friendlyâ&#x20AC;? space. Couches within a space are less formal than chairs, but they have advantages for groups that are not acquainted. Furniture that is configured in a way that allows for open face-toface orientations with everyone in a small social group, will encourage social interaction.10

Two other aspects that can affect human interaction and activity within a space is distance and technology. Greater distance can reduce interaction, and the use of electronic communications can also affect social activity. Greater distance reduces social interaction. This â&#x20AC;&#x153;social geometryâ&#x20AC;? is affected by communication flow. This can be determined by political, economic, and cultural factors, so using furniture that or spaces that can be easily arranged to accommodate specific cultural comforts and needs is necessary. 11

Endnotes/ Images 1. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012.

2. Grimley, Chris, and Mimi Love. Color, Space, and Style: All the details Interior Designers Need to Know but Can Never Find. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2007.

3. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012.

4.Ibid. 5. Hanada, Mitsuhiko. “Analyses of Color Emotion for Color Pairs with Independent Component Analysis and Factor Analysis.” Color Research & Application 38, no. 4 (2012): 297-308. doi:10.1002/col.20750.

6. Cherry, Kendra. “Can Color Really Change How You Feel and Act?” Verywell. August 23, 2016. Accessed November 02, 2016. https://www.verywell.com/color-psychology-2795824.

7. Hanada, Mitsuhiko. “Analyses of Color Emotion for Color Pairs with Independent Component Analysis and Factor Analysis.” Color Research & Application 38, no. 4 (2012): 297-308. doi:10.1002/col.20750.

8. Brand, Jay L. “Physical Space and Social Interaction-Media.haworth.com” April 2009. Accessed October 25, 2016. http://Media.haworth.com/asset/28568/phyisical-Space-and-Social-Interaction.pdf.

9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Ibid. 1. Color, Emotion, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. Grimley, Chris, and Mimi Love. Color, Space, and Style: All the details Interior Designers Need to Know but Can Never Find. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2007. 2. Color Theory, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012.

3. Color Theory, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012.

4. Color wheel, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012. 5. People Socializing, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. Brand, Jay L. “Physical Space and Social Interaction-Media. haworth.com” April 2009. Accessed October 25, 2016. http://Media.haworth.com/asset/28568/phyisicalSpace-and-Social-Interaction.pdf.

6. Social Environment, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/ friends-having-a-cup-of-coffee-at-a-cafe-stock-footage/521730832 7. People Socializing in a Hostel, Accessed Oct, 29, 2016. http://www.copenhagendowntown.com/blog/ the-best-thing-about-staying-in-a-hostel

8. Road Trip, Adventure, Accessed Oct. 29, 2016. http://www.joahbrown.com/products/soleilcardigan-charcoal?utm_campaign=Pinterest%20Buy%20Button&utm_medium=Social&utm_ source=Pinterest&utm_content=pinterest-buy-button-1c813e4d5-f327-4bf4-9776-0d9b21a5b4d7

Section 6 Existing Site, Context, Climate and Zoning

City/Town “Philadelphia has a history that is enriched with culture, history and symbolism.” It is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the sixth most populated city in the US. It is home to the liberty bell and the deceleration of Independence. This city has been a huge contribution to the history of the United states starting out as one of the original 13 American colonies, and the beginning of the American Revolution and Independence with Benjamin Franklin.1 During the 19th century the city turned into an industrial and railroad center. From 1790-1800 Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital, while Washington D.C. was still being developed. By the year 1950 it was a destination for many African-Americans during the great migration and the city’s population went over two million.2

In 1960 the city loss many manufacturing companies. These old abandoned industrial buildings are still strewn out amongst the city. Today, the city is most commonly known for its arts, history. These aspects of the city pull in about 39 million local visitors a year. Outside sculptures, wall murals by local artists, are what makes this city unique compared to many other large cities in the United States. Philadelphia is Forth largest consumer media market in the United States, and ranks 49th in the world. Its population has also reached 1.5 Million since 2014. 3

The city planning of center city is organized by long straight avenues. These avenues run from east to west and north to south. This helps to create a network design within center city. The city plan took into consideration the idea of traveling simple, and was intended to keep living quarters isolated by open space, to ultimately keep the spread of fire 4 damage down.

Architecture in the city has an extensive history. It can be dated back to colonial times. Some of the earliest structures were built of logs, and developed into block structures by the 1700â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Two of the most common styles are Georgian and Federal style architecture. Staring in the 1720â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s buildings became more elaborate after the formation of the Carpentersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Company and the City County of Philadelphia.7

Philadelphia was designed to be the second most populated downtown area compared to Manhattan New York.5 Just as New York is broken down into segments, the city of Philadelphia is broken down into its own parts or neighborhoods. The neighborhoods of the city that surround center city are: North, Northeast, Northwest, West, South, and Southwest.6

The climate of the city falls into the damp subtropical climate zone of the north. This means that the Summers are regularly hot and humid, Fall and Spring are mellow, and the Winters tend to be frigid, icy and snowy. The average precipitation per month is about Eight to twelve wet days a month.

Neighborhood For this project the building is located in Center City between the neighborhoods of Rittenhouse Square and Washington Square. Rittenhouse Square has more than 200 businesses, and is considered a commercial district. This neighborhood primarily consists of galleries, hotels, restaurants, stores, salons, and spas. There are also many annual events held throughout the year on the square.8

http://www.ldschurchte com/philadelphia/galle

Washington Square is one of the original five squares by William Penn to be established as a park for the public. This square once was a burial ground and pasture. In 1825 a program for public walk and tree planting was put into place. This area was then turned into a modern day square with over 60 species of trees. Washington Square is also just one block from Independence Hall. The square today has several attractions of its own. It now is home of a memorial for Washington, as well as a memorial for unknown soldiers in the American revolution.9

Street The building is located on Walnut street. This street is primarily known for its shopping. The street consists of couture boutiques, salons, and spas. Some of the popular stores that line this street are: Kenneth Cole, Tiffany, Urban Outfitters, and Lucky jeans. Shopping isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t the only main attraction on this street; some popular dining and cocktail places like Alma de Cuba are prime attractions for visitors. 10

emples. ry/

The street also holds the historic Walnut Street Theater. This theater is the oldest in America and is located at the corner of 9th and Walnut streets.11 Walnut street also has convenient access to public transportation. Along the street are multiple bus stops for several different bus lines.

Site Zoning The site is located in an area that is primarily commercial. According to the zoning map there are not many residential properties. When looking at the map all that can be seen in the surrounding area are: Community Commercial Mixed-Use, Center City Commercial Mixed-Use, and Center City Core Commercial Mixed-Use sites.12

Site Analysis The street is a commercial street and is always bustling with people coming and going. There is a substantial amount of onewaytraffic on Walnut street providing a lot of noise pollution. Behind the building on Chancellor Street there is the dumpster and dark alleyway which doesn’t provide a good view. The front façade that faces Walnut street looks out onto the old masonry façade of the building across the street.13

This provides a good view of the original architecture from Philadelphia. The long 15th Street wall also has a view of older buildings across the street. An interesting aspect of the site and buildings in the site is rain water collection. Part of Philadelphia’s new storm water regulations require that a structure collects twenty percent of rainwater. This collection system is part of the roof and will collect rain water.14

The curb line on the 15th street side of the building is slightly sloped. The sidewalk next to the building is flat, the part known as the “furniture zone” slopes down to the street. According to the architect, this “is the result of their attempts to deal with a sloped site.” Having a sloped site could cause some shifting in foundation over time, or cause problems with rain water runoff with excess amounts of rain. 15

Looking at the site analysis diagram below, it can be seen that the entrance side on Walnut street will receive the chilly winter winds and little sunlight. This side will also receive a majority of the noise pollution due to traffic and pedestrians.

Endnotes/ Images 1. ”Philadelphia USA!” Information about USA, City of Pennsylvania Holidays and Travel Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. <http://www.inventpa.com/>. 2.“Population Of Philadelphia In 2016.” USA Population 2016 States And City. December 21, 2015. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://population2016.com/population-of-philadelphia-in-2016.html 3. ”Philadelphia USA!” Information about USA, City of Pennsylvania Holidays and Travel Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2016. <http://www.inventpa.com/>. 4. Ibid 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. “Different Styles in Phila Architecture.” Philadelphias Architectural History. N.p., 22 Apr. 2010. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.<https://philaarchitecture.wordpress.com/different-styles-in-philaarchitecture/>. 8. “Home.” Rittenhouse Row. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://www.rittenhouserow.org/. 9. ”Washington Square - Independence National Historical Park ...” Accessed November 7, 2016. https://www.nps.gov/inde/ learn/historyculture/places-washingtonsquare.htm. 10. B., Kristi. “Shopping in Philadelphia.” Visit Philadelphia. Accessed November 7, 2016. http://www.visitphilly.com/ itineraries/philadelphia/shopping-in-philadelphia/#sm.000163tl9srscerkzoq2rf70gru8n. 11. “History of the Theatre -- Walnut Street Theatre -- Philadelphia, PA.” History of the Theatre -- Walnut Street Theatre -Philadelphia, PA. Accessed November 07, 2016. https://www.walnutstreettheatre.org/about/theatre-history.php. 12. Philadelphia, City Of. “City of Philadelphia: Zoning.” City of Philadelphia: Zoning. Accessed November 07, 2016. http:// www.phila.gov/li/Pages/Zoning.aspx. 13. Klayko, Branden. “Philly’s Commercial Corner.” Architecture Newspaper. May 9, 2013. Accessed November 7, 2016. http://archpaper.com/2013/05/phillys-commercial-corner/. 14. Ibid. 15.Saffron, Inga. “Changing Skyline: ‘Cheesecake Factory Building’ Creates Heft with Glass.” Philly.com. 2015. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/inga_saffron/20150814_Changing_Skyline___Cheesecake_ Factory_Building__creates_heft_with_glass.html 1. Travel wonderlust, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. http://blog.creativelive.com/best-cameras-lenses-gear-travelphotography/?utm_campaign=travel-photography&utm_medium=social&utm_source=pinterest&pp=1

2. Magic Gardens, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. http://www.mercierphotographic.com/isaiahs-magic-garden/ 3. Philadelphia Bridge, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. https://www.slalom.com/locations/philadelphia 4. Neighborhood map, Philadelphia, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/philadelphia/gallery/ 5. Philadelphia Attractions, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/philadelphia/gallery/ 6. Walnut Street Shops, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. http://madisonmarquette.com/portfolio/property-listings/1610-w/ 7. Philadelphia Zoning map, Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. https://cityofphiladelphia.wordpress.com/2010/01/01/city-ofphiladelphia-zoning-map-web-site/ 8. Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. Google maps, Photoshoped by: Kaitlyn Beckham 9. Accessed Nov. 8, 2016. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/53/91/f1/5391f159d3063f0360ac7cc48e4134be.jpg

Section 7 Program Development & Documentation

Program

NAME

QTY.

S.F.

Lobby

500.00

Entry Vestibule

Reception

TOTAL S.F.

ADJACENCIES

PRIVAC

500.00

Reception, Lounge, Bar, Entry

n/a

200.00

Lobby, Reception

n/a

300.00

700.00

Entry, Lobby

n/a

Computer and Reading Room

600.00

Lounge

Minim

Lounge

750.00

1,500.00

Lobby, Entry

Minim

Snack Bar

200.00

Lounge

n/a

Bar

500.00

Kitchen

n/a

Dining/Seating

1,000.00

Lounge, Bar

n/a

Mens and Womens Restrooms

200.00

800.00 Reception, Lounge, Bar

Food Storage Kitchen

1 1

150.00 400.00

Kitchen Foodstorage, Bar

n/a n/a

Housekeeping and Maintenance

100.00

200.00

Employee Lounge

n/a

Single Room

200.00

12,600.00 Housekeeping, laundry

Privat

Double Room

200.00

12,400.00 Housekeeping, laundry

Privat

4 person Dorm Women

800.00

50,400.00 Housekeeping, laundry

Privat

4 person Dorm Men

800.00

49,600.00 Housekeeping, laundry

Privat

EQUIPMENT & FURNITURE

FINISHES

ACOUSTICS

PERCEPTION

REMARKS

Soft, Inviting

Welcoming

Large space, naturally lit

Natural n/a

Inviting, warm

n/a

Natural Reception Desk

Hard and sleek

n/a Welcomg/ Calming

CY LIGHTING

Natural Seating

mal

Artificial/ Tables, Chairs, Natural Sofas

mal

Natural Seating, Tables

Artificial Self Service Bar

Soft, Warm Soft, warm, easy to clean Easy to clean

A A n/a

Quiet/Relaxing Welcoming Well-lit Clean, Well lit

n/a n/a Calming Private space Social Social

Easy to clean, hard sleek materials

Clean, Dimly lit, Relaxing

Social

Soft, Easy to clean materials

Well lit, Inviting

Social

Easy to clean

n/a

Artificial shelves Artificial shelves

n/a n/a

Artificial Shelves

n/a

Quiet, Relaxing

n/a

Quiet, Relaxing

n/a

Quiet, Relaxing

n/a

Quiet, Relaxing

n/a

Artificial Stools, Bar, Sink Artifical/N Tables, Chairs atural Artificial n/a

Bed, Dresser, Artifical/N Nightstand, atural lounge chair Bed, Dresser, Artifical/N Nightstand, atural lounge chair Bed, Dresser, Artifical/N Nightstand, atural lounge chair Bed, Dresser, Artifical/N Nightstand, atural lounge chair

easy to clean, Comfortable sleek materials easy to clean, Comfortable sleek materials easy to clean, Comfortable sleek materials easy to clean, Comfortable sleek materials

100

101

Locker Rooms, Sauna

250.00

500.00

Gym

800.00

Locker Rooms, Sauna, outdoor space

Multipurpose Room

500.00

n/a

Employee Lounge Electrical Room

1 1

250.00 150.00

Offices n/a

n/ n/

Office Storage

150.00

Offices

Conference Rooms

400.00

800.00

Offices

120.00

240.00

Reception

Priv

Luggage Storage

250.00

Reception

Laundry

500.00

Housekeping

Data/Server Room Mechanical Room Approx. 30% Circulation Total Program Square Footage:

1 2 n/a

150.00 150.00 TBD

150.00 300.00 1,650.00 137,990.00

Offices Elevators n/a

n/ n/ n/

Artificial lockers, benches Benches, Artifical/N standard gym atural equip. Artificial

/a /a

Natural Chairs, Table Natural n/a Shelves, Filing Natural Cabinets

Natural

Conference table and chairs

Desk, chairs, Filing cabinet Artificial shelving

Artificial

/a /a /a

Artificial n/a Artificial n/a n/a n/a

vate

n/a

Quiet, Relaxing

n/a

Easy to clean

Energetic

n/a

Well-lit and versatile

n/a

Easy to clean n/a

n/a n/a

n/a

n/a n/a n/a

Easy to clean and Tables, durable stackable chairs

n/a

Natural

Tables, washer and dryers

102

103

Adjacency Matrix

104

Test Fits

First Level

Basement 105

Roof

Third Level

Second Level

106

Images 1. https://www.instagram.com/p/BKLoPvbh4J2/ 2. http://inhonorofdesign.com/2016/05/packing-organization-tips-for-family-travel/#comment-2156291 3. http://huaban.com/pins/546827938/ 4. https://www.instagram.com/p/-uFvnwsLZP/

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Section 8 Building Analysis, Code, Regulations & Standards

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The 15th and Walnut Street Building is a 3-story building with 6 retail spaces equaling a total of 59,000 s.f. and was constructed in 2015. Currently two of these retail spaces are occupied by the Cheesecake factory on the second floor, and a Verizon store on the first floor. The current entrance is located off 15th street, which provides elevators and stairwells that provide access to the upper retail spaces. The building allows for areas that can be flexible for signage with changing retailers that may move in and out of the 1 buildings throughout time. This newly constructed building in center city Philadelphia consists of ultraclear glass facades. This helps allow for maximum transparency within retail spaces. Deep recesses within the façade create a contradiction to the curtain walls. 2

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This helps to connect with the weight of the adjacent stone façade buildings. Each 20ft tall story is constructed of full height structurally glazed panels. This is the nation’s first “truss stiffened unitized glass curtain-wall”. This allows for the façade to be a “high-performance façade that can be shop-fabricated, delivered to the site, and erected with greater precision and in a fraction of the time required to construct a conventional stick-built system. On the second floor, there is a retractable glass wall. It can be opened to create a balcony space.3

Other technologies that have been integrated into the building are sustainable. The roof consists of a rooftop that has an innovative storm water management system. A portion of the roof consist of vegetation to help absorb rainwater. Once the rainwater is absorbed, the water is then returned to the atmosphere through the transpiration. The rest of the roof is a blue roof.4

With this finished one of a kind building in Philadelphia “the developer owner will have a building that has encouraged unusual 2nd story retail tenants in an elegantly detailed and precisely tailored building”. 6

A blue roof is a “calibrated by slopes and drain controls to retain rainwater and slow its release, helping to avoid a surge in the city’s aged storm system. This combined green and blue roof technology will be a first for the city”.5

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Existing Building Drawings:

Basement

First Floor

113

Section

Second Floor

Third Floor

Elevation

114

Building Analysis Diagrams:

Interior Building Structure

115

Curtain Walls

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Product Data: Project Name: 15th and Walnut Street Address: 1430 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa

Minimum Corridor Width: 44 inches Number of Exits: 2 Exit Access Travel Distance: 250

Completed: 2015

Sanitation:

Number of Stories: Basement with 3 stories and roof space

WC Male: 2 Urinals Male: 1

Total Gross S.Q. Footage: 60,000

Applicable Building Code:

WC Female: 3

Zoning Ordinance: Philadelphia Zoning Code

Guest Rooms: Baths/shower and water-closets 1 per room

Fire Code: 2009 International Fire Code

Drinking Fountains: 2

Building Code and Date: 2009 International Building Code

Service Sink: 1

Energy Code: 2009 International Energy Conservation Code

Fire Protection Requirements:

User Group Classification:

Fire Exits Enclosures: 2 Hours

Residential Group R-1 Hotel Transient

Shafts and Elevator Hoist ways: 2 Hours

Means of Egress:

Tenant Space Separations: 2 Hours

Sprinklers: Protected Sprinkler Dead End Limit: 50â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-0â&#x20AC;?

Smoke Barriers: Assume 30 Minutes Corridor Fire Resistance Rating: 0.5

Breakdown of Each Function: Kitchen: 400 S.F./200= 2 Occupants Guest Rooms Overall: 125,000S.F./200= 625 Occupants Lobby: 500 S.F./ 15 net= 34 Occupants Dining/Bar: 1,500 S.F./ 15net= 100 Occupants Gym: 800 S.F./ 50= 16 Occupants Multipurpose: 500 S.F./15= 33 Occupants Offices: 1,000 S.F./100= 10 Occupants Number of Occupants: 820 117

Incidental Use Areas: Laundry and storage-rooms: 1 hours or provide automatic fire-extinguishing system

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Endnotes/Images 1. By James Jennings. “The Most Glorious Cheesecake Factory in the World Sets Opening Date.” Philadelphia Magazine. 2015. Accessed November 21, 2016. http://www.phillymag.com/property/2015/04/29/the-most-glorious-cheesecake-factoryin-the-world-sets-opening-date/. 2. Ibid 3. Ibid 4. “Bohlin Cywinski Jackson | 15th and Walnut Street Building.” Accessed November 21, 2016. http://bcj.com/projects/15thand-walnut-street-building/. 5. Ibid 6. Ibid

1. http://disgusted.tumblr.com/post/56524122209/vintage-photography 2. https://wishyouwerenorthwest.com/collections/everything/products/dream-all-day-drive-all-night-tee?utm_campaign=Pinterest%20Buy%20Button&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Pinterest&utm_content=pinterest-buy-button1034095a3-6bab-4c25-9810-664cccf030e9 3. http://www.midwoodid.com/commercial/property/14/1430-walnut-street-philadelphia 4. http://www.midwoodid.com/commercial/property/14/1430-walnut-street-philadelphia 5. https://richbrilliantwilling.com/collections/david-rockwell/products/rgp-1?utm_campaign=Pinterest%20Buy%20 Button&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Pinterest&utm_content=pinterest-buy-button-11cab9cd5-aa1d-420c-bd777cfa9555c80c 6. http://www.brandymelvilleusa.com/clothing.html

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Section 9 Project Research Summary

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As the travel industry continues to grow with the ease and convenience of, so is solo travel. Research has shown that solo-traveler is the new type of travel. Many individuals are packing their bags and booking a solo trip to unknown destinations. Traveling solo can be discouraging because of the fewer options of hostels. The thriving industry of hotels work well for families, and the business traveler, but not so much for the individual that is traveling alone. They may end up feeling alone, isolated, and not have the right accommodations.

The design must integrate a friendly environment that provides comfort, and encourages a social environment through the use of materials, lighting, and layout. Along with a strong design, cost is an immense factor when it comes to the solo-traveler. With the solo-travel primarily in the age range of 19-25, cost is an issue. Providing a budget-friendly experience is ideal for the solo-traveler. The design will incorporate natural elements that help with socialization, many social spaces, and individual private rooms all at a budget to the guest.

Even though the solo-traveler is choosing to go out and adventure alone, providing an environment that encourages social activities among like-minded individuals can provide the ultimate vacation experience. It will allow them to socialize with people of the same age group, but from different places and backgrounds.

Overall designing a hostel-hotel hybrid experience will provide the right accommodations for the solo-traveler who chooses to take their next adventure to Philadelphia. It will provide more options for those who are looking for a new fulfilling adventure, for an affordable price.

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Images 1. http://www.jebiga.com/visual-overdose-2/ 2. https://www.pexels.com/photo/sunset-photographer-camera-tree-25439/ 3. http://budapesthostel.co.uk/ 4. http://www.hostelworld.com/hosteldetails.php/Castle-Rock-Hostel/Edinburgh/551 5. https://grids-hostel.com/hostels/nihonbashi-east/ 6. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/324188873157543390/ 7.https://www.pinterest.com/explore/photography/

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Section 10 Bibliography

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Adventure Hostel / Integrated Design Offi ce.” ArchDaily. January 11, 2016. Accessed October 03, 2016. http:// www.archdaily.com/780124/adventure-hostel-integrated-design-offi ce. Best, Janet. Colour Design: Theories and Applications. Oxfor: Woodhead Pub, in Association with the Textile Institute, 2012. “Bohlin Cywinski Jackson | 15th and Walnut Street Building.” Accessed November 21, 2016. http://bcj.com/projects/15thand-walnut-street-building/. B. Kristi. “Shopping in Philadelphia.” Visit Philadelphia. Accessed November 7, 2016. http://www.visitphilly.com/ itineraries/philadelphia/shopping-in-philadelphia/#sm.000163tl9srscerkzoq2rf70gru8n. Brand, Jay L. “Physical Space and Social Interaction-Media.haworth.com” April 2009. Accessed October 25, 2016. http://Media.haworth.com/asset/28568/phyisical-Space-and-Social-Interaction.pdf. Caan, Shashi. Rethinking Design And Interiors : Human Beings In Th e Built Environment. London: LaurenceKing Publishing, 2011. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 20 Oct. 2016. Cherry, Kendra. “Can Color Really Change How You Feel and Act?” Verywell. August 23, 2016.Accessed November 02, 2016. https://www.verywell.com/color-psychology-2795824. Chiara, Joseph De, Julius Panero, and Martin Zelnik. Time-saver Standards for Interior Design and Space Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991. chitecture, 1995. page 195. Davies, Th omas D., Kim A. Beasley, and Th omas D. Davies. Accessible Design for Hospitality: ADA Garrido, Ric. “My Square Foot – An Examination of Hotel Room Size.” Loyalty Traveler. June 9, Grimley, Chris, and Mimi Love. Color, Space, and Style: All the details Interior 7. Designers Need to Know but Can Never Find. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2007. Guidelines for Planning Accessible Hotels, Motels, and Other Recreational Facilities. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 1994. Page 113. Hanada, Mitsuhiko. “Analyses of Color Emotion for Color Pairs with Independent Component Analysis and Factor Analysis.” Color Research & Application 38, no. 4 (2012): 297-308. doi:10.1002/col.20750. “History of the Theatre -- Walnut Street Theatre -- Philadelphia, PA.” History of the Theatre -- Walnut Street Theatre -- Philadelphia, PA. Accessed November 07, 2016. https://www.walnutstreettheatre.org/about/theatre-history. php. “Home.” Rittenhouse Row. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://www.rittenhouserow.org/.

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“Hotels Worldwide Are Going Green with LEED | U.S. Green ...” Accessed October 19, 2016. http:// www.usgbc.org/articles/hotels-worldwide-are-going-green-leed. James Jennings. “Th e Most Glorious Cheesecake Factory in the World Sets Opening Date.” Philadelphia Magazine. 2015. Accessed November 21, 2016. http://www.phillymag.com/property/2015/04/29/the-most-glorious-cheesecake-factoryin-the-world-sets-opening-date/.

Klayko, Branden. “Philly’s Commercial Conner.” Architecture Newspaper. May 9, 2013. Accessed November 7, 2016. http://archpaper.com/2013/05/phillys-commercial-corner/. Lawson, Fred R. Hotels and Resorts: Planning, Design and Refurbishment. Oxford, UK: Butter-worth-Architecture, 1995. page 195. Levy-Bonvin, By Jacques. “Hospitality Net- Hotels- A brief History- By Jasques Levy Bonvin. December 15, 2013. Accessed September 07, 2016. http://hospitalitynet.org/news/4017990.html. Medlik, Slavoj. The Business of Hotels. London: Heinemann, 1989. Millward, B. (2015). Visa Global Travel Intentions Study 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.visamiddleeast.com/me/common/include/uploads/VisaTravelIntentions2015.pdf Moore, Enya. “Superbude II Dreimeta Hostel Rocks Idnustrial Chic.” Frame Publichers. August 4, 2013. Accessed October 12, 2016. http://www.frameweb.com/news/superbude-ii-by-dreimeta. Philadelphia, City Of. “City of Philadelphia: Zoning.” City of Philadelphia: Zoning. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://www.phila.gov/li/Pages/Zoning.aspx. “Population Of Philadelphia In 2016.” USA Population 2016 States And City. December 21, 2015. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://population2016.com/population-of-philadelphia-in-2016.html. Reddy, Swathi, Chakrabarti, Debkumar, and Karmakar. Emotion and Interior Space Design: an Ergonomic Perspectice. 2012. Rosenbloom, S. (2015, March 17). Hotels for the Next Generation. Retrieved August 29, 2016. http://www.nytimes. com/2015/03/22/travel/hotels-for-the-next-generation.html?_r=0 Saffron, Inga. “Changing Skyline: ‘Cheesecake Factory Building’ Creates Heft with Glass.” Philly.com. 2015. Accessed November 07, 2016. http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/inga_saffron/20150814_ Changing_Skyline___Cheesecake_Factory_Building__creates_heft_with_glass.html Sandoval-Strausz A.K.Hotel: An American History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. Suki, Norazah Mohd, and Norbayah Mohd Suki. “Consumers’ Environmental Bahavior towards Staying ata Gree Hotel. “ Management of Envornmental Quality: An International Journal 26, n0. 1 (2015): 103-17. Doi:10.1108/ meq-02-2014-0023 Suki, Norazah Mohd, and Norbayah Mohd Suki. “Consumers’ Environmental Bahavior towards Staying ata Gree Hotel. “ Management of Envornmental Quality: An International Journal 26, n0. 1 (2015): 103-17. Doi:10.1108/ meq-02-2014-0023 “Superbude 2/Dreimeta.” Archdaily. 2014. Accessed October 10, 2016. http://archdaily.com/473700/superbude-2-dreimeta. 9 “Superbude 2/Dreimeta.” Archdaily. 2014. Accessed ”Washington Square - Independence National Historical Park ...” Accessed November 7, 2016. https://www.nps.gov/ inde/learn/historyculture/places-washingtonsquare.htm. Wheeler, harry. “HNN- Sustainable Hotel Design Gaining Momentum.” April 22, 2015. Accessed December 08, 2016. http:// www.hotelnewsnow.com/artivles/25823/Sustainable-hotel-design-gaining-momentum.

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Capstone Committee Capstone Research and Programming Professors: Fall 2016: Lisa Phillips Associate Professor at Philadelphia University phillipsl@philau.edu Spring 2017: Alexander Messinger Professor of Interior Design at Philadelphia University messinger@philau.edu

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Advisor: Alexandra Thompson, Designer at Meyer Design Experience: 3 Years Education: Philadelphia University, BS, Interior Design Philadelphia University, MS, Sustainable Design athompson@meyerdesigninc Images: 1. https://bossfight.co/map/ 2. https://bossfight.co/girl-van/ Front Cover: https://bossfight.co/woman-hat-water-forest/ Dedication Page: https://bossfight.co/woman-coffee-adventure/ Backcover: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/13440498861016793/

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;We travel not to escape life, but for life not to escape us.â&#x20AC;? - Unknown