STUDIO AIR Kubra Aktepe
2016, SEMESTER 1, Canhui Chen Kubra Kevser Aktepe 699148
CONCEPTUALISATION 3
Table of Contents
Introduction
5窶オntroduction 7窶イonceptualisation 9
A.1 Design Futuring
10
Homeostatic Facade System
12
EcoARK Pavilion
15
A.2 Design Computation
16
Barclays Center
18
Voussoir Cloud
21
A.3 Composition / Generation
22
Sixth Order
24
My Thread Pavilion
26窶コeferences 28
B. Criteria Design
31
B.1 Research Field
34
B.2 Case Study 1.0
48
B.3 Case Study 2.0
54
B.4 Technique Development
68
B.5 Technique: Prototypes
74
B.6 Technique: Proposal
80
B.7 Learning Objectives and Outcomes
82
B.8 Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
100窶コeferences
4
CONCEPTUALISATION
Age 20, I am eager to find new methods of design processes and innovations to broaden my knowledge on what an architect can be capable of designing. Coming from an eager childhood of love toward the arts, I would have never imagined that through simple steps of algorithmic scripts a whole building can be designed with no complex mathematical problems, neither any aesthetic setbacks. Technology and its advancements have come so far into the architectural world that one would not think twice about what the boundaries of design might be. You simply create as further as your imagination dwells. I am still at the beginning of my learning curve with my experience in using digital design tools, however am eager to find out how far my creativity can take me. Interested in design approach through the use of technology to create sustainable outcomes would probably have to be my driving factor towards how to create structures which not only serve a particular purpose but must also aesthetically look appealing. The dynamism of using computational methods now is that they have minimal limitations on what you can create, this is a great step towards design futuring. Our anthropocentric outlook on the world we live in has led to consequences of degradation, exploitation and even extinction. If our future is to continue to advance in technology and design, then we must take initiative to design on the basis that our structures have a positive impact towards our future, because it is not the generations before us who will live in it, it will be us, and for that purpose we should always consider how our buildings might function on a grand-scale scheme of things rather then a micro-outlook. It is vital that as growing designers of the current age, we understand the reality of our worlds situation. Engaging with other disciplines will light the way towards a worldshaping force, as every design choice has a direct impact on our future. We need to understand that nature alone cannot continue to withstand our demands, therefore we must design smarter to become independent inhabitants of the future. Thus, through existing computational programs, designers will be able to think the unthinkable and design audaciously, however we must always conceptualize our designs on the basis that it has a positive impact on our world.
CONCEPTUALISATION 5
PART A / / C O N C E P T U A L I S A T I O N
6
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 7
A.1 DESIGN FUTURING 8
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 9
Homeostatic Facade System by Decker Yeadon, New York
The system functions with the presence of an actuator which transfers electric energy to the silver coated ribbons on the exterior of the building. The fabrication of these ribbons through the use of polymer materials which when polarized, ‘distributes an electrical charge, cause the material to deform’2 as a direct response to heat. This deformation enables the ribbons to increase in size,
A
n inspirational project based on the biological system of homoeostasis - the
principle of maintaining a stable condition1 ,
focuses on a facade system which regulates the internal environment through an automatic response to climatic conditions. Sunlight and temperature variations allow the self-regulating facade system comprised of a ribbon inside the cavity of a double skin glass facade to adjust automatically through the use of an engineered system.
which furthermore prevents thermal gain. Based on natural principles, this project is a glimpse into how a combination of expertise in the fields of science, engineering and architecture can produce an
eco-friendly
building
to
address
contemporary issues of the current age. One cannot define the parameters of what makes a sustainable building, however, progression towards efficient automated mechanical systems such as the Homoeostatic Facade System is a great step within the field of Design Futuring to better our Future.
1 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.96 2 http://materia.nl/article/homeostatic-facade-system/ [4.03.16]
10
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 11
EcoARK Pavilion by MINIWIZ, Taipei
P
lastic
bottles;
one
of
most
Not only does it meet requirements of
hazards to
great innovation through recycling, but the
ecology is now on the forefront as a recycled
building uses a ventilation system which runs
element within the construction industry,
through the systematical process of collecting
breaking new ground and heightening the
rainstorm
importance of sustainable architecture.
furthermore creating a cooling effect.
The design of this pavilion is a world first
The building now functioning as an
as a fully functioning structure made
exhibition hall4, holding fashion shows,
using recycled PET bottles to form POLLI-
meetings and
Bricks3. This newly found innovation, built
addition to the architectural cityscape.
ecologically detrimental
the
water to bathe the structure,
expositions is a great
entirely from 1.5 million recycled plastic bottles is able to withstand earthquakes
The EcoARK pavilion has set a great example
through its structurally stable steel frame.
on how to recycle waste products and create an aesthetically pleasing show-piece.
3 http://www.miniwiz.com/miniwiz/en/projects/archi/ ecoark [04.03.16] 4 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.62
12
CONCEPTUALISATION
Design Futuring through innovative ideas like this is “hailed as a new benchmark for the future of green buildings� [Figure 5] CONCEPTUALISATION 13
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION
14
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 15
Barclays Center by SHoP Architects, Brooklyn
C
omputerization
the
The facade latticework encountered a
the
slight dilemma within the construction
growing age. Solutions are now being
phase, whereby all panels were individually
found easily through the use of software
designed through the use of advanced
and
design
parametric modelling tools. The process
issues which arise within construction
involved the “exporting of the panels
processes are no longer a hindering factor
into a program which then generated
towards design approach for architects.
a material-efficient layout�6 to allow for
architectural
digital
has
become
phenomenon
design.
Complex
of
the production of
the parts, optimizing
The Barclays Center is one of the many
the shape of the structure. Such complex
projects whereby the digital chain links to
design issues explore the digital chain
the design composition to the process of
between composition and computerization
construction a history of budget concerns,
within
the
architectural
domain.
the initial conceptual designs for the arena, led by Frank Gehry was scrapped, after which SHoP Architects unveiled the design idea for a structure banded by a glass curtain wall composed entirely of 12,000 uniquely engineered pre-weathered steel panels 5.
5 http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=6284 [10.03.16] 6 http://bimforum.org/san-antonio-bimforum-agenda/ barclays-center-facade-design-delivery/ [10.03.16] 16
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 17
Voussoir Cloud
Through computational programs such as
by Iwamotoscott, Los Angeles, 2008
T
he Voussoir Cloud is an exploration of
parametric
compression the
Rhino they were able to script the “petal
through
computational
method
structural the
hanging
use
of
chains
inspired by Antonio Gaudi.
The refining of the profile lines and the form finding programs allow the artist to determine the compressive vaults
and
their strengths. The use of catenary curve simulation through computational methods determine the cell
density as smaller
sections are prevalent at the column bases and edges whereas
the shells of the
upper vaults loosen and gain porosity 7.
edge plan curvature as a function of tangent offset� the more they scripted the offset function the greater the curvature became 7. Each curvature is dependent on the voids adjacent, similar to the hanging chains method by use of anchor points, the
shape
Complex
is
architecture
derived. as
such
is
composed and generated through a set of fundamental rules and applications. Architectural processes in the to
generate
outcomes
which
are able would
otherwise take years to develop and build. 7 http://www.iwamotoscott.com/filter/FEATURED/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD [12.03.16]
18
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 19
A.3 COMPOSITION/ GENERATION
20
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 21
Sixth Order by Michael Hansmeyer,
Digital fabrication generate forms
is now able to
complex
through
and
algorithmic
abstracted operations.
Hansmeyer uses data for the different elements
of
the
column,
as
stated
“The input form contains data about the proportions of the column’s shaft,
C
olumns have always been a very beautifully decorated element within
architectural history through the use of ornamentation, one cannot imagine that a newly found computational algorithm so simply technological can remarkably create the most exquisite of all columns.
capital, and supplemental base” 8. Each individual
component
is
distinguished
from each other, whereby “processes of inherent formal characteristics are individually tagged and then assigned specific
behavioural
parameters”9.
Inherently, this process of computational
Hansmeyer explores the use of a simple
design enables the artist to generate the
computational method to create varyingly
design without any initial knowledge on
diverse experiments, such as the Sixth
what the outcome might will look like.
Order. Through a process of Subdivision he
Therefore, the driving force of the design is
is able to create a continuous folding motion
purely based on the algorithmic simulation
by the use of an algorithm, to eventually
rather then compositional form. The process
develop individually fascinating outcomes.
can varyingly be repeated within different parameters to produce
diverse outcomes.
8 http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_ info.html?screenSize=1&color=0 [16.03.16] 9 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.200
22
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 23
myThread Pavilion by Jenny Sabin Studio, Nike Stadium NYC
Once the biological data is collected the
R
ethinking art within the domain of architecture through dimensions of
materialistic approach towards what can and cant be used within the industry is a design challenge. Through challenges as such, Sabin explores the use of thread to create complex formfitting structure on a performance-enhancing shoe
10
.
In collaboration with a series of runners in an earlier Nike Flyknit workshop, Sabin “transformed the patterns of this biological data into the geometry and material
of
the
knitted
structure”10.
surface patterns are generated by use of dynamic body data through 3D modelling techniques
as a direct response to the
material construct, as “Aluminium rings stretch the fabric into spatial tubes that weave the pavilion into the surrounding space”
11
The material sensitivity to respond to sunlight and physical presence
invokes
great design issues such as sustainability. Generative architecture through methods of computation is stretching to a whole new
level.
Micro-biological
data
can
now be the source of inspiration to
10 http://jennysabin.com/?p=684 [16.03.16] 11 A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014), p.201 24
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 25
REFERENCES: BOOKS: A. Simitch, V. Warke, The Language of Architecture: 28 Principles every architect should know (USA: Rockport, 2014) WEBSITES: http://materia.nl/article/homeostatic-facade-system/ [4.03.16] http://www.miniwiz.com/miniwiz/en/projects/archi/ecoark [04.03.16] http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=6284 [10.03.16] http://bimforum.org/san-antonio-bimforum-agenda/barclays-center-facadedesign-delivery/ [10.03.16] http://www.iwamotoscott.com/filter/FEATURED/VOUSSOIR-CLOUD [12.03.16] http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/columns_info. html?screenSize=1&color=0 [16.03.16] http://jennysabin.com/?p=684 [16.03.16]
26
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 27
PART B / / CRITERIA DESIGN
28
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 29
B.1 RESEARCH FIELD 30
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 31
PROJECTS OF INTEREST Voussoir Cloud by Iwamotoscott, Los Angeles, 2008
Shell Star PAVILION by Matsys
my THREAD PAVILION by Jenny Sabin Studio, Nike Stadium NYC
Green Void by Lava,
BIOTHING ORGANIC HANGING CHAINS ELASTICITY
MEMBRANE KINETICS
Beginning this research project I had varying interests in a series of diverse design projects. These forms of generative designs intrigued me as they explore methods of catenary curved design schemes and the use of an organic truncated piping. My interest lay in how different design schemes can be incorporated to produce outcomes of varyingly diverse responses through algorithmic scripting.
32
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 33
“Biothing is a form which takes shape through self-modifying patterns of vectors based on electromagnetic fields, through logics of attraction/repulsion trajectories...”
B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0
BIOTHING | REPOSITORY OF Computation Design Wednesday, March 24th, 2010
Biothing, Seroussi Pavilion, Paris 2007
34
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 35
the original
36
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 37
38
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 39
40
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 41
42
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 43
44
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 45
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF THIS GENERATION IS EXPLORED THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL METHODS OF DIGITAL TECHNIQUES. THROUGH SIMPLE METHODS OF ALTERATIONS AND ALGORITHMIC SKETCHING A NEW WORLD OF PATTERNING AND MATERIAL PERFORMANCE CAN BE OBSERVED, HENCE, ARCHITECTURE HAS NEVER BEEN MORE ELABORATELY INTRIGUING THEN EVER BEFORE. MY OUTCOMES ARE BASED ON ORGANIC FORMS WHICH HAVE BEEN MODIFIED TO FURTHERMORE EXPLORE MOTIVES OF THE HANGING CHAINS METHOD, THEY GENERATE SCHEMATIC PROPOSALS TOWARDS MEMBRANE KINETICS
46
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 47
B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0 48
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 49
myThread Pavilion by Jenny Sabin Studio, Nike Stadium NYC
50
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 51
THE TEXTURE OF THE OUTCOME FOR THE REVERSE ENGINEERING IS THE MOST ELABORATELY SHAPED FORMS WHICH I HAVE MANAGED TO CREATE. ITS DELICACY AS IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERIALITY IS COMPLEX AND POSSESSES ITS OWN CHARACTER. THROUGH MATERIAL PERFORMANCES AND THE USE OF ALGORITHMIC TECHNIQUES THROUGH GRASSHOPPER ONE IS ABLE TO CREATE SUCH INTRICATE OUTCOMES, THROUGH SCRIPTS DEVELOPED, MORE COMPLEXITIES CAN BE EXPLORE TO GENERATE OUTCOMES WHICH EXPLORE THIS ORGANIC FORM THROUGH LINE SIMULATIONS USING GRASSHOPPER TO THEN PLUGIN TO GEOM MAPPER/ISO SURFACE.
52
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 53
B. 4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT ORGANIC FORM COMPLEXITIES THROUGH SIMPLE ALGORITHMIC MANIPULATIONS...
54
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 55
56
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 57
58
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 59
60
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 61
62
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 63
64
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 65
66
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 67
B. 5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES | METAL WIRE, INSECT SCREEN, PRESENTATION BOX... |
68
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 69
70
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 71
MATERIALISATION THROUGH THE USE OF AN INSECT SCREEN AND METAL WIRES CAN CREATE SPONTANEOUS FORMS WHICH EXPLORE TEXTURES DIRECTLY RELATED TO MY FIELD OF INTEREST WITHIN THIS PROJECT. THE OUTCOME BEING OF THE UNKNOWN, I WORKED TO FIND A FORM WHICH SUITED MY DESIGN TECHNIQUE (ORGANIC - MESH) DEVELOPED ON GRASSHOPPER. DESIGN EXPLORATIONS OF BOTH ALGORITHMIC MODELLING USING COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN PARALLEL TO THAT OF PROTOTYPING THROUGH PHYSICAL MODELLING RESULTS IN SEEMINGLY DIVERSE OUTCOMES OF EQUALLY INTRIGUING FORMS. THROUGH PROTOTYPING I HAVE TESTED HOW WIRES CAN BE USED TO CREATE A SKELETAL FORM WHICH IS THEN ENGULFED BY MESH. THE AFFECTS WHICH ARE CREATED BY THE MESH ARE VERY ORGANIC AND CAN FORM VARIOUS SHAPES WITH EASE OF FLEXIBILITY. THE MATERIALISATION OF THE MESH USED IS PERFECT TOWARDS IDEAS RELATED TO MERRI CREEK SPECIFICALLY IN REGARDS TO ITS CAPACITY TO DIFFUSE WATER THROUGH THE WEAVE YET CAPTURE SOLID OBJECTS.
72
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 73
B.6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL
WEBBED LIKE SURFACES, THROUGH MESH, CREATE OUTCOMES OF GREATER COMPLEXITY FROM THAT OF SCRIPTING USED WITHIN REVERSE ENGINEERING. THROUGH SIMPLE ALTERATIONS AND MANIPULATIONS TO THE SCRIPT, ONE IS ABLE TO CREATE OUTCOMES OF GREAT ATTRIBUTES TOWARDS MEMBRANE KINETICS. THESE FORMS REMIND ME OF SOME FORM OF WEBBED STRUCTURE, WHICH CAN BE USED ULTIMATELY DEPENDING ON ITS MEMBRANE COMPLEXITY TO CARRY ITEMS, AS CATCHMENTS, AS A PLAYFUL OBJECT WITHIN A SPACE OR BETTER YET FACILITATE TO RESOLVE AN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE. INITIATING FROM A WIDE ARRAY OF DESIGN GENERATIVE IDEAS TO FORM MORE INTRICATE ITERATIONS AS SUCH IS AN OUTCOME OF USING GRASSHOPPER. MANIPULATIONS AT THIS LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE THROUGH OTHER FORMS OF PROGRAMMING. HOW CAN AN OBJECT WITHIN A SPACE EXPLORE ISSUES DEEPER THEN WHAT WE CAN SEE?
74
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 75
Merri Creek - Site Analysis
1
The Grove - Egan Reserve, Coburg, VIC
2
4
1
2
3
4
5 3
5
ONE OF THE MAIN CONCERNS WHICH I AM KEEN TO ADDRESS IS RUBBISH BUILD UP ON THE EDGE OF THE BANK OF THE CREEK. THIS ENVIRONMENTALLY DETRIMENTAL HAZARD CAUSES VISUAL DISCOMFORT AND IS AN ISSUE OF GREAT CONCERN WITH REGARDS TO MAINTAINING A HEALTHY ECOLOGY.
76
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 77
Proposal - Litter Traps
A WEBBED LIKE STRUCTURE CREATED USING A COLOURED WEAVE MESH WOULD WORK SYSTEMATICALLY TO CREATE A BARRIER TOWARDS ENHANCING THE ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE CREEK. RUBBISH WHICH IS SWEPT AWAY EITHER BY WIND, WATER OR SIMPLY AN ACT OF LITTERING WILL BE TRAPPED USING THIS MECHANISM PROPOSED. SUBMERGED INTO THE CREEK ON ONE HALF AND THE OTHER HALF ATTACHED TO THE BANK OF THE CREEK, THE MESH WOULD PROLONG FLOW OF WATER IN THE CREEK HOWEVER STILL WORKING TO TRAP SOLID OBJECTS WHICH CANNOT PASS THROUGH ITS PHYSICAL PRESENCE. ONCE THE LITTER IS TRAPPED, ALLOCATED DAYS WILL BE SET TOWARDS THOSE APPOINTED TO PRESERVE THE CREEK TO COLLECT THE RUBBISH BUILD UP WITHIN THESE TRAPS. THIS PROPOSAL SERVES AS A POSITIVE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING BY MAINTAINING HEALTHY ECOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF THE CREEK. IT IS VITAL TO DESIGN SMART AS DESIGNS OF THE FUTURE ARE DEVELOPING TO BECOME NOT SOLELY BASED ON THE AESTHETICS, BUT OF ITS CAPACITY TO MAKE A CHANGE TOWARDS THE BETTERING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT.
78
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 79
WITHIN THIS STUDIO WE HAVE EXPLORED DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF ARCHITECTURE THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL METHODS. THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED WITHIN THIS AREA OF STUDY HAS BEEN EYE OPENING TO THE VARIETY OF RESEARCH FIELDS WHICH CAN BE EXPLORED EVEN FURTHER. DESIGNS OF THIS GENERATION ARE MOVING TOWARDS COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AS A
B. 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
80
CONCEPTUALISATION
MEANS BY WHICH SOLUTIONS OF GREAT DESIGN COMPLEXITIES CAN BE SOLVED YET MORE IMPORTANTLY DESIGN GENERATION . ONE CAN NOW GENERATE MORE INTRICATELY FORMED GEOMETRIES, SHAPES, TEXTURES AND PATTERNS THROUGH THE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMIC SCRIPTING TO THEN APPLY TO THE REAL WORLD.
I AM VERY INTERESTED IN HOW DESIGN CAN
BE OF THE UNKNOWN, YET BY SIMPLE CODING ONE CAN GENERATE FORMS THAT ARE RIDICULOUSLY INTRICATE AND INSPIRING, SIMILAR TO THE SIXTH ORDER BY MICHAEL HANSMEYER. AFTER CONSIDERATION INTO THIS FIELD, I HAVE BECOME FOND OF USING THIS TECHNIQUE TO DEVELOP MY OWN DESIGN IDEAS WHICH WOULD TAKE MORE TIME WITHOUT PROGRAMMING THROUGH OTHER FORMS OF PROGRAMMING. IT IS A VERY INNOVATIVE WAY TO DESIGN, AND I BELIEVE THE FUTURE OF DESIGN WILL PREDOMINANTLY BE LED BY COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL METHODS. YET IT IS ALL THE MORE IMPORTANT TO CREATE DESIGNS WHICH SERVE TO CREATE A BETTERING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT, AS WE OF THIS GENERATION ARE THE ONES RESPONSIBLE IN DETERMINING HOW OUR FUTURE TAKES SHAPE.
CONCEPTUALISATION 81
B.8 APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
82
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 83
EVALUATING FIELDS 84
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 85
86
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 87
EXPRESSIONS 88
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 89
GRAPHING CONTROLERS 90
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 91
GRAPHING SECTION PROFILES
92
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 93
IMAGE SAMPLING
94
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 95
96
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 97
98
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 99
REFERENCES: INTERNET: VOUSSOIR CLOUD https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=voussoir+cloud&view=detailv2&&id= 251557EDF0F65FC085C774D616B9A0BE714F0429&selectedIndex=124&ccid=P uhMPxTv&simid=608012175731658013&thid=OIP.M3ee84c3f14ef0d267dacfeaf2 3d10f92o0&ajaxhist=0 SHELL STAR PAVILION https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=shell+star+pavilion&view=detailv2& &id=39E246EAF299168333C091D2C0FFCBA34937D581&selectedIndex=15&cci d=oBR2vnRe&simid=608044078754038828&thid=OIP.Ma01476be745eaecf04f7 12b7b7ea8eaao0&ajaxhist=0 MY THREAD PAVILION IMAGE https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=%22my+thread%22+pavilion&view=d etailv2&&id=3D51222F4017FBD796C991E8D0DFC8C5BD30129F&selectedInde x=26&ccid=THwbuxRX&simid=607989631450091222&thid=OIP.M4c7c1bbb14577 b1f9005673650e83ee3o0 VERY MANY IMAGE https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=marc+fornes&view=detailv2&&id=8A 7B11B20C43A89FC94947B840DCBB2A6C6E9DDF&selectedIndex=27&ccid=wW Vv57Np&simid=608037223981123175&thid=OIP.Mc1656fe7b36983d46af85dac 5802b9bfo0&ajaxhist=0
100
CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION 101