August 7, 2017 by Ka Leo O Hawai‘i

KA LEO

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KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I Angelina Spence Opinions Editor

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KA LEO

A human barrier How learning a second language can combat racism

EDITOR IN CHIEF Spencer Oshita EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jarin Moriguchi MANAGING EDITOR Wesley Babcock CREATIVE DIRECTOR Lauren Tabor CHIEF COPY EDITOR Ana Bitter INTERIM DEPUTY CHIEF COPY EDITOR Wesley Babcock DESIGN EDITOR Amy Lowe INTERIM ISSUES EDITOR Angelina Spence NEWS EDITOR Kevin Harrison INTERIM FEATURES EDITOR Jarin Moriguchi INTERIM DEPUTY FEATURES EDITOR Erin Cheslow OPINIONS EDITOR Angelina Spence JONATHAN MCINTOSH / FLICKR 

Bilingualism: “[T]he fact of being able to speak two languages equally well” (Cambridge Dictionary). MARLEY AIU STAFF WRITER

Language allows people to connect and learn from one another, yet the majority of United States citizens are monolingual. As xenophobia builds and targets Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, it is important that we use language as a way to combat racial tension in the U.S. President Donald Trump has entertained the idea of building a wall on the Mexican-American border since the beginning of his campaign in June of 2015. But the only wall that has been built since his proposal is one between human beings. By making more of an effort to embrace the Spanish language as a country, we can begin to cultivate understanding rather than marginalization and division. ALIENATED AT HOME

Resentment toward the Mexican-American population has been escalating ever since Trump was elected to office. Tina Vasquez, an editor and award-winning independent journalist, wrote an article for The Guardian addressing the racism she has experienced since the election. “As a light-skinned, biracial Latina in one of the most diverse and Mexican-centric cities in the nation (Los Angeles), I have never been asked the type of questions I’m now fielding from white people.” Vasquez reflected on times when she was asked if she was “illegal” and if she “could speak English.” These assumptions of Vasquez’s documentation and language ability are forms of alienation and the alienation of many Mexican-Americans like her. A WALL OF RACISM

Since his election, Trump has been fueling racism toward Mex-

icans by continuing to spout the notion that Mexico is only filled with “bad hombres,” as Trump stated in the final presidential debate. Pablo Piccato, a professor of history at Columbia University stated in his article for Quartz that “Mexico’s violent reputation — at least in the U.S. — became a powerful stereotype by the mid-20th century.” After the Civil War, “gunmen that came to be known as pistoleros” were born. The violent reputation of the pistoleros, along with gang activity and drug trafficking, has spoiled Mexico’s overall reputation. Consequently, Trump has been known to frame the people of Mexico as “criminals, drug dealers, (and) rapists,” as reported by CNN. Congressman Beto O’Rourke (D-TX 16th District) called Trump out on his racist antics. O’Rourke spoke at the Texas capitol in January of 2017, publicly stating that “when you begin with the premise that Mexico is sending rapists and

you interact with different people and understand the nuances of another culture.” By speaking Spanish, Americans can begin to see Mexicans as people rather than the threat that Trump is convinced they are. AMERICA NEEDS TO CATCH ON

A study conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau showed that, in 2007, 56 percent of the European Union was bilingual, whereas in the same year 19.73 percent of Americans “spoke another language other than English at home.” Gaia Vince, a writer for BBC, wrote an article about a time she overheard a conversation between two South Africans. They explained to her that “[i]n Johannesburg, where they are from, most people speak at least ﬁve languages.” According to the Central Intelligence Agency, South Africa alone has 11 ofﬁcial languages. America is the minority in our level

When you begin with the premise that Mexico is sending rapists and criminal to the U.S. and you meet that with a wall, that wall in itself is a racist reaction to a racist myth that does not reﬂect the reality of this country at all. – BETO O’ROURKE STATE REPRESENTATIVE (D-TX 16TH DISTRICT)

criminal to the U.S. and you meet that with a wall, that wall in itself is a racist reaction to a racist myth that does not reﬂect the reality of this country at all.” Trump’s comments that paint Mexican immigrants as criminals are only further dividing U.S. citizens. This is where language comes in. As FluentU, an online foreign language emersion site, points out, “Speaking another language lets

of language diversity and ability to converse with those who do not speak English. America has a double standard: We expect outsiders to know our language, yet we do not make an effort to learn theirs. The Modern Language Association recorded foreign language enrollment in higher education. The enrollment in Spanish decreased by 8.2 percent from

2009 to 2013, and there was a 6.7 percent total decrease in enrollment in foreign languages. With a decline in the effort to learn languages other than English, America is sending the message that all other cultures must submit to American culture in order to be part of the Western community. THE BENEFITS OF SPEAKING MORE THAN ONE LANGUAGE

Learning a foreign language allows us to get to know and understand other people and their culture, but it can also have beneﬁts that extend into health and job opportunities. Six researchers of neurology and psychology conducted a study in association with the Department of Experimental Psychology that found that “bilingualism delays onset of Alzheimer’s disease” by up to four years. Examined Existence, a site that conducts studies on health, reports that bilingualism can also help improve memory. Being bilingual can also better one’s chances of being hired and increase salary. In a study conducted by the University of Florida, researchers found that, in Miami, “fully bilingual Hispanics earn nearly $7,000 per year more than their English-only counterparts.” Speaking a foreign language is both beneﬁcial to one’s personal life and to the wellbeing of the American community as a whole. Breaking language barriers is necessary for this country to remain open-minded and welcoming. It is our duty as Americans to combat the turmoil that Trump is bringing to this country, and we can do so by putting more time and effort into communicating through languages other than English. Ka Leo O Hawai‘i

COMICS EDITOR Khari Saffo INTERIM WEB EDITOR Algeo Rosario SOCIAL MEDIA COORDINATOR Crystal Fujiwara INTERIM EXECUTIVE VIDEO PRODUCER Agatha Danglapin ASSOCIATE VIDEO PRODUCER Chavonnie Ramos PHOTOS EDITOR Krysta Stovall MARKETING DIRECTOR Julius Rigius  ADMINISTRATION Ka Leo O Hawai‘i is the campus newspaper of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. It is published by the Student Media Board biweekly except on holidays and during exam periods. Circulation is 10,000 during the academic year and 5,000 during summer sessions. Ka Leo is funded by student fees and advertising. Its editorial content reﬂects only the views of its writers, reporters, columnists and editors, who are solely responsible for its content. No material that appears in Ka Leo may be reprinted or republished in any medium without permission. The ﬁrst newsstand copy is free; for additional copies, please visit Ka Leo. The Student Media Board, a student organization chartered by the University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents, publishes Ka Leo O Hawai‘i. Issues or concerns can be reported to the board via uhsmb@hawaii.edu. ©2017 Student Media Board

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KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I

OPINIONS

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Angelina Spence Opinions Editor

A reason overlooked by “13 Reasons Why” The grim Th i consequences off a show h th thatt d depicts i t suicide with no alternative

SOURCE: IMBD.COM 

Suicide rates among girls age 10 to 14 tripled from 1999 to 2014, according to the National Center for Health Statistics ANGELINA SPENCE OPINIONS EDITOR

When the Netflix series “13 Reasons Why” premiered in March, controversy erupted over the show’s depiction of suicide. As the first series to confront teenage suicide and sexual assault in such an explicit manner, “13 Reasons” was championed as a trailblazer for creating a dialogue about these issues. However, an analysis of Google searches released on July 31 revealed that while “13 Reasons Why” created a dialogue about teenage suicide, it also served as a trigger for those having suicidal thoughts. While Netflix aimed to increase awareness about the second leading cause of death among teenagers, they failed to address the most prominent risk factor associated with it: mental illness. Without properly addressing mental illness and how it can be treated, Netflix and the writers of “13 Reasons Why” suggested suicide was a viable way to end emotional suffering. NEW DATA SURFACES

A research paper published on July 31 by the medical journal JAMA Internal Medicine reported a 19 percent increase in suicide related searches since March, when Netﬂix released “13 Reasons Why.”

Among the searches were “how to commit suicide,” “suicide prevention” and “teen suicide.” The queries for “how to commit suicide” rose 26 percent, while “suicide prevention” queries rose 21 percent. The search with the greatest uptick overall was “teen suicide,” which experienced a 34 percent higher incidence. In response, Netflix told CNN, “We always believed this show would increase discussion around this tough subject matter. This is an interesting quasi experimental study that confirms this.” It seems that Netflix has succeeded in creating a discussion about suicide, but whether this discussion is discouraging teen suicide is unclear. The lead author of the paper and research professor at San Diego State University, John Ayers, believes “13 Reasons Why” may be damaging for those susceptible to suicidal urges. “The time for rhetorical debate is over,” Ayers told CNN. “While ‘13 Reasons Why’ has certainly caused the conversation to begin — it’s raised awareness, and we do see a variety of suicide-related searches increasing — our worst fears were confirmed. That is, thousands of people, thousands more, are searching online about ways to kill themselves.” The research paper does admit these searches do not necessar-

ily correspond to actual suicide attempts. The discussion portion states that “it is unclear whether any query preceded an actual suicide attempt. However, suicide search trends are correlated with actual suicides, media coverage of suicides concur with increased suicide attempts…” WHAT’S MISSING?

A few risk factors linked to suicide are portrayed in “13 Reasons Why”: isolation, prolonged stress and abuse. But the number one risk factor associated with suicide, mental illness, does not receive the exposure it deserves. The National Alliance on Mental Illness reports that about 90 percent of the people who commit suicide also have a mental illness, with depression being the most common.

of the condition and irregularities in the brain’s neurotransmitters have been linked to incidences of depression. However, these alone do not necessarily cause the illness. Often, stress or trauma coupled with these risk factors will result in depression. Following the release of “13 Reasons Why,” the non-proﬁt organization Suicide Awareness Voice of Education expressed its concern over the series. “There is a great concern that I have ... that young people are going to overidentify with Hannah in the series and we actually may see more suicides as a result of this television series,” Dan Reidenberg, the organization’s executive director, told ABC News. Hannah, the lead character, was

The show actually doesn’t present a viable alternative to suicide. The show doesn’t talk about mental illness or depression, doesn’t name those words. – DAN REIDENBERG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF SUICIDE AWARENESS VIOCE OF EDUCATION

Depression is a complicated illness thst depends on a mixture of both genetic and environmental circumstances. A family history

certainly at risk for depression, given that she was bullied and abused, yet the writers of “13 Reasons Why” did not explore men-

tal illness in the series. The only answer the series gave to feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness was suicide. “The show actually doesn’t present a viable alternative to suicide. The show doesn’t talk about mental illness or depression, doesn’t name those words,” Reidenberg said. “My thoughts about the series are that it’s probably done more harm than any good.” WHO IS HARMED

Creating a discussion about teen suicide, bullying and sexual assault, as Netflix attempted with “13 Reasons,” can help increase awareness. However, suicide is an issue that Netflix should have exercised more caution in depicting. Those who should have benefited most from “13 Reasons Why,” teens who were contemplating suicide, did not receive a solution to their problems. These teens did not learn about treatment for mental illness or how depression can be temporary. If the show’s writers wanted to help viewers experiencing suicidal thoughts, they should have made it clear that there was a light at the end of the tunnel and that this light is not suicide. What do you think? Let us know @KaLeoOpinions

KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I Angelina Spence Opinions Editor

MONDAY, AUGUST 7, 2017

OPINIONS

opinions@kaleo.org @kaleoopinions

Mālama Mākua A lesson in Mālama ‘Āina for a “Hawaiian place of learning”

JAI MANSSON / FLICKR 

The West Coast of O‘ahu also known as the Leeward Coast lies at the foot of the Wai‘anae mountain range. JASMINE CHOY CONTRIBUTING WRITER

Partying on the Wai‘anae Coast’s isolated white sand beaches has long been popular with students, especially over summer break. However, Wai‘anae Coast residents see their beaches a bit differently. As the ancestral homeland of Hawai‘i’s largest population of Kānaka Maoli (native Hawaiians), Wai‘anae’s beaches are the sites of heiau (temples) and wahi pana (storied places) of the historic feats of gods and ancestors. To them, these students represent cultural desecration, environmental degradation and a human health threat plaguing Mākua and Wai‘anae’s other remote beaches. Wai‘anae’s Neighborhood Board members say they are hearing a lot of complaints from the community about mountains of trash as well as a recent uptick in parties. And, as the trash piles are rising, so, too, are tensions between the local community and outsiders. The recent slap-on-the-hand sentencing — 45 days in jail — of Punahou grad Christian Gutierrez for the December 2015 slaughter of dozens of albatross at Kaena Point underscored the feeling that Wai‘anae Coast beaches are under assault by outsiders. Some fans of partying on the West Side have also taken to social media with posts provoking Kānaka Maoli by urging cultural desecration and attacks on endangered species. “Yeah. We’ll BBQ some of those shearwater and albatross chicks … and just for kicks a monk seal pup

or two,” boasts a recent Craigslist post called “Fuck Hawai‘i (Bonﬁre at Kaena Pt.).” The post continues, “DLNR is understaffed so law enforcement won’t be an issue, so we can all be totally fucked up on drugs and booze and naked too while we’re grinding on endangered and protected species.” DRAWING THE LINE

Even if such posts are spoofs meant to provoke locals, the acts they suggest are nonetheless based on facts. Micah Doane, a member of the Wai‘anae volunteer group Protectors of Paradise, has had enough of it. “We’ve seen abuse and trash loaded up all the way to the end [of Mākua],” Doane said, voicing further frustration at the unwillingness of government agencies to address the needs of Wai‘anae’s largely Kānaka community. “The Leeward Coast is the last priority. There’s no say or power or pull for the Hawaiian community at all.” Doane, his wife Stacie, brother Jonathan Doane, friend John Ross Auwae and other Protectors have volunteered hundreds of hours cleaning up and hauling away truckloads of trash during their weekly Monday morning rounds at Mākua and other Wai‘anae hotspots. “Just to see something that is just being lost. … I ﬁgure at this point in my life what I also have to do is just give it all to something I believe in,” Doane said. Doane’s connection to Mākua traces back to his great great grandparents, Malaea Naiwi, a Kānaka, and Samuel Andrews, a mission-

ary who settled there and became a dairy farmer. “They loved it there,” Doane said. Generations of his kupuna (ancestors) are buried in Mākua Cemetery. In “young kid times” during visits to tend their kūpuna’s graves, Doane’s ‘ohana would also clean up trash. It was a habit he continued as a teen and college student, during bodyboarding trips to Mākua. Now 39, a graduate of the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo and father of two, he was disturbed to see the problem getting worse. “From my kupuna that lived down there … I can hear their voices and I feel their presence,” Doane said. “That place itself is hurting on many levels, just because of the current happenings that are going on down there.” A SACRED PLACE

“Last summer there were areas you would drive through and smell nothing but human waste,” Doane said, recalling toilet paper draped around trees. “It was getting to be a health concern.” For Kānaka, the despoiling of Mākua has the familiar stench of desecration. On a recent visit, “Uncle Hanale” Hopfe offered a potent example. Pointing to an ‘ahu (stone altar), he showed the spot where someone used the stone structure as a toilet. Hopfe, konohiki (hereditary chief) of the Wai‘anae Coast under the ‘Aha Moku Advisory Committee (AMAC), has been voicing concerns about Mākua at the Wai‘anae Board meetings for months. AMAC, advisory body to the Board of Land and Natural Resources, is

modeled on the traditional ‘ahupu‘ua‘a system, under which konohiki were responsible for managing natural resources from mountain to sea. Hopfe’s grandfather was konohiki of the lands from Kahe Point to Ka‘ena Point. “We’ve been taking care of Mākua for generations. … So, I’ve seen the changes,” Hopfe said. “We’ve got to take care of this place so we all can enjoy and share. See how beautiful it is?” he said, gesturing to the spot he still tends, where in summers past his family retreated to escape the heat. Things were different then. “Not too many people came out here because people was afraid of it because of fear of mokes (local thugs),” Hopfe said. “We’re happy that they never come because everything was nice .… Nowadays, all these guys come … they leave their trash, burn pallets on the beach and stuff like that.” For Hopfe, Doane and other Kānaka, Mākua carries deep cultural signiﬁcance. The site of heiau (stone temples) and other cultural sites, Mākua is also the home of legendary gods and goddesses, like Nanaue, the half-man half-shark of Mākua Cave. The beach at the east end of Mākua, known as “Pray for Sex,” is the setting of a storied encounter between Nanaue and a mo‘o (lizard form of a goddess) who lived in the stream above the beach. For Kānaka, Mākua is also a place of sustained cultural trauma. As the U.S. Army’s main live-ﬁre training area dating back to 1943, Mākua Valley is littered with UXO

(unexploded ordnance). It became a ﬂashpoint in the struggle to protect Hawaiian lands. In 2004, following protests and lawsuits, the training area was shutdown. Mākua has also been the site of repeated evictions and the forced removal of homeless Hawaiians who resorted to living on the beach after being dispossessed, in one way or another, of ancestral lands. HOPE FOR THE FUTURE

With the recent, social media-fueled popularity of Mākua’s isolated beaches, tourists, students, locals and others have become a menace to the community with their trashy ways. It got so bad last year that the Department of Land and Natural Resources locked the gates, restricting vehicular trafﬁc, to allow the land to recover. “Let the land heal. If you want to enjoy it, keep it clean. … We’re all stewards of this planet and we all gotta be more responsible [for]what we do. So, think again, people, what you guys do,” Hopfe said. “Please leave it the way you found it or better. That’s the way we grew up, OldSchool style. It’s aloha. That’s just the way we live.” Hopfe would like to see more people engaged in the effort to mālama ‘āina (care for the land) at Mākua. Students interested in joining the Protectors’ cleanup efforts are encouraged to contact Doane at (808) 469-7333.

What do you think? Let us know @KaLeoopinions

MONDAY, AUGUST 7, 2017

KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I

PHOTOS

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Krysta Stovall Photos Editor

MONDAY, AUGUST 7, 2017

PHOTOS

photos@kaleo.org

 Original Caption: “Despite the losing

 During her time at UH Mānoa, Nani

streak, Rainbows still find something to smile about.”

Cockett was an All-American and All-Conference Player of the Year.

 Original Caption: “Former Wahine Kari Anderson

moves from setter to assistant coach for the Wahine volleyball team this fall”

KRYSTA STOVALL | PHOTOS EDITOR

1998

1997

[PHOTO: O: BYRON BYRO YRON N LEE] LEE]]

[PHOTO: DYLAN N YAMASHIRO] YAMA AMASHI SHIRO SHI HIRO] RO

[PHOTO: TOM OM M BAM BAMBUR BAMBURG] BURG BUR G] G]

 Original Caption:

“Dawn Dasher sets and fires against Cal-State Northridge last year.”

As the summer comes to a close and we begin to prepare for a new year of classes, quizzes and late night coffee runs, it is not unusual for students to think back to years past and victories won. For over a century the athletes at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa have been inspiring fans at home and overseas to work harder, dream bigger and to never give up in the face of adversity. This week we would like to take a moment to honor the Rainbow Warriors of our past and wish a victorious season to those inspiring us today.

1998 [PHOTO: JUSTIN STIN TIN IN N DOTSON] DOTS DOTSON DOT SON SON] SON ON] N]

HERE’S TO OUR DEAR HAWAI‘I HERE’S TO OUR GREEN AND WHITE HERE’S TO OUR ALMA MATER HERE’S TO THE TEAM WITH FIGHT 1997 RAH! RAH! RAH!

1997 [PHOTO: JUSTIN STIN IN N DOTSON] DOTSON DOT SON]] SON

 Under the direction of Fred

Vonappen, the Warrior football team had a 3-9 record.

[PHOTO: JUSTIN STIN N DOTSON] DOTSO DOT O SON SON]

In their game against San Diego State University on October, 25 1997, the Warrior football team lost 10-3.

1997 [PHOTO: JULIE ULIIE KIMOTO] ULIE K MOTO] KIMO TO O

 As part of the eighth annual Univeristy of Hawai‘ i Preseason Softball Classic, the Rainbow Wahine softball team hosted BYU Hawai‘ i, Chaminade University, Hawai‘ i Pacific University and University of Hawai‘ i at Hilo.

 1998 marked the

1998 [PHOTO: JUSTIN STIN DOTSON] DOT O SO SON]]

first year of Rainbow Wahine water polo.

HERE’S TO OLD WARRIORS CALLING HERE’S TO OLD BATTLES WON HERE’S TO HAWAI‘I’S VICTORY HERE’S TO EACH VALIANT ONE. UH FIGHT SONG

 Original Caption:

1998 [PHOTO: JULIE ULIE E KIMOTO] KIMOTO] KIMO TO]

“Dunk by A.C. off the tip” UH vs SJSU

MONDAY, AUGUST 7, 2017

KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I

NEWS

news@kaleo.org @kaleoohawaii

Kevin Harrison News Editor

Status check on building projects Henke Hall is coming down

KRYSTA STOVALL / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

Snyder Hall currently houses faculty of the Microbiology Department. KEVIN HARRISON NEWS EDITOR

The demolition of Henke Hall, a small collection of one-story buildings next to Moore Hall, will mark the beginning of a two-year project on the new Life Sciences building. Work on the project has been ongoing for over a year, and, according to University of Hawai‘i spokesman Dan Meisenzahl, the project is still on schedule to begin construction this fall, with classes to be held in the building beginning in 2019. However, although Meisenzahl said that the plan is on track, it was announced by UH News in June 2017 that Henke’s demolition was supposed to begin later that month. Demolition began on Aug. 4, 2017. The $50 million project also includes the destruction of Snyder Hall, a deteriorating science building whose condition Ka Leo has reported on in the past. The destruction of both Snyder and Henke Hall is expected to eliminate $19 million of deferred maintenance costs accu-

mulated by UH Mānoa, according to a UH News story. Meisenzahl said the lack of an explicit timeline for Henke Hall allows the construction company, Layton Construction Company, LLC, to “do it right” since actual construction will not begin until later in the fall and the company still needs to secure the permits for the building’s construction. BUILDING SPECS

The Life Sciences building, according to a UH News publication, is supposed to be able to service 1,000 students weekly and house 23 faculty members and 60 graduate students, nearly all from the College of Natural Sciences. The building will not belong to any one department within the College of Natural Sciences (CNS). Meisenzahl said this is part of a new building model being developed by the university to move away from departmental space and toward “university space.” “If we’re building a new space it can’t be for one department – it has to be for the students,” Meisenzahl said.

He added that the university wants to create collaborative spaces like the Life Sciences building, where different units can share ideas and expose their students to other disciplines. Members of CNS did not respond to a request for comment at the time of publication. A NEW FUNDING PROCESS

Meisenzahl said that this project is the ﬁrst major improvement project being undertaken by the university under a new construction process called “design-build.” He said that, in previous decades, when a building was to be built, there would be two bids for money from the state legislature: one to fund a design of a building and another for its construction. Meisenzahl said that this process led to delays and cost overruns. Delays occurred when a bid was not timed correctly, forcing the university to wait an entire year for the next state legislative session. “The ﬁrst time you go out to bid, you might be under the assumption that

this could be a $50 million facility, but, by the time your designs are finished and everything, and then you go back to the legislature, it could be a different economic climate and they say ‘no only $45 million’ ... and now all of a sudden you have to de-scope projects,” Meisenzahl said. Under this new system, the university goes to the legislature once for money to both design and build the building, and the university will hire only one entity to do both jobs. Meisenzahl said that, in previous building projects, two separate companies were hired to design and construct the building, and discrepancies between the two led to cost overruns. “Another benefit of the process is that we don’t have to pick a low bidder, necessarily. We could pick the person who best fits the project,” Meisenzahl said. When a project is put out for bid, under state law, state institutions like the university must choose the lowest bidder. But now that the university has a set budget for this project, they — in theory — have more latitude

in choosing who they want to take on the project. “As a university, we have to change the way we do business, if we’re going to survive and continue to provide quality, affordable education,” Meisenzahl said. OTHER BUILDING PROJECTS

Another building currently under construction is the law school’s new clinic building, a legal outreach center where community members can get legal consultations from UH law students. This building is scheduled to be completed in Spring 2018. It is located across from the Music Building Complex near the Stan Sheriff Center. Other buildings that are on the list to be improved or replaced include Kuykendall Hall and Keller Hall. The university is also exploring the possibility of moving the College of Education across the street onto the main campus, if space permits. It currently sits on University Avenue and Dole Street by University Laboratory School. Ka Leo O Hawai‘i

The Aua Transect Saving the reefs one step at a time ERIN CHESLOW INTERIM DEPUTY FEATURES EDITOR

Regional scientists conducted a survey in late May celebrating the 100th anniversary of the world’s oldest continuously monitored coral reef transect, located in American Sāmoa. The Aua Transect of Tutuila island is a permanent line placed on the reef that scientists can observe over time. Because it provides a stable basis of comparison, differences in the reef are only seen in time, not in place, so measurements of change are more accurate. Surveyors use the transect to learn how to help the reefs survive the global stresses that are threatening coral throughout the Paciﬁc. “We need to learn to handle the reefs as best we can. [Observations show] how serious the effects on the reefs can be. The coral won’t necessarily ‘just grow back,’” Charles Birkeland, an emeritus professor in the Department of Biology at the UH at Mānoa, said in a phone interview. One of the biggest lessons of the transect is that new coral growth needs a large substratum or a “big heavy block of dead coral” to develop safely, according to Birkeland.

Practices such as dynamite fishing and dredging do not only kill the fish and coral that are already present, they slow or prevent further growth by breaking up existing reefs. Live coral gets crushed or smothered when it attaches to the constantly shifting rubble that is created when reefs are destroyed. Until a new substratum is formed — which can take decades or longer — it is difficult for new coral to survive. The reef is still recovering from destruction that occurred more than 50 years ago. “We have to take care of the local, not just the global,” Birkeland said. Terry P. Hughes, of James Cook University in Australia and his coauthors found in a March 16 report that “bolstering resilience will become more challenging and less effective in coming decades … Securing a future for coral reefs … ultimately requires urgent and rapid action to reduce global warming.” “That is the purpose of the transect – What can we do about it?” Birkeland said. “The bottom line is that we can learn about local effects and solutions. Even though the CO2 and global warming and ocean acidification are big problems, we have to maintain [the reefs] in the meantime.”

Local attention to and knowledge of the reefs will help keep coral healthy in the short term so it can survive high levels of global stresses. To that end, the University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant reached out to connect local students and the public, with the work that is happening at the transect. The reef needs a lot more care. Environmental agencies need people to measure the health of the water and ﬁsheries need to know how ﬁsh live. The transect has brought attention to these needs, and the Samoans have risen to the challenge of bringing the reef back to health, according to Birkeland, who has shown that local efforts really can make a difference. “If you look at early pictures of the reefs, they were very beautiful, but then canneries were put up in the ’50s,” Birkeland said. In 1992, the Environmental Protection Agency intervened. The pipe that dumped waste water from the canneries was moved out to the open ocean, and the coral started coming back. When Birkeland originally visited the reef in the late 1970s, there had been no Acropora. As the fastest growing coral, Acropora is common on new or recovering reefs.

“It’s a good indicator of if things are doing well or not because [Acropora is] also the most sensitive coral. It doesn’t defend itself or even repair itself. It’s just streamlined for growth … so, when it came back, it was a really good sign,” he said. “The transect shows us that we can do something right now,” Birkeland said. The problem of global warming can be overwhelming, but there are local problems we can solve in the short term. “We are all part of the global problem and the global solution. Contact politicians. Don’t step on living coral. Corals are only as thick in living tissues as the skin that covers your nose cartilage, yet they make reefs that are thousands of feet deep, cover entire islands,” Birkeland said. Many islands in the Paciﬁc, such as the Marshall Islands, would never have risen above sea level if not for coral, which covered the underwater land masses in such quantities that they broke the surface of the water, forming islands. “Coral reefs are more important to the world than people realize, and local efforts are key to their protection and maintenance,” Birkeland said.

MORE INFO

• When a reef transect is created, a surveyor will measure a line across the reef that is then followed by other surveyors. On a permanent transect, the line is marked by natural lines through the coral and permanent markers. A temporary transect will be measured anew each time the reef is surveyed. • Coral bleaching: “When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues, causing the coral to turn completely white.” The National Ocean Service • Dynamite ﬁshing: The use of explosives to kill or stun ﬁsh. • Dredging: The removal of sediment, debris and other materials from the bottom of a body of water. While usually used to protect underwater ecosystems, dredging can destroy the reefs by breaking up substratum.

KA LEO O HAWAI‘I: THE VOICE OF HAWAI‘I Khari Saﬀo Comics Editor

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TROPES IN YOUNG ADULT NOVELS 6 CLICHES JUSTIN HO | STAFF WRITER

Jarin Moriguchi Interim Features Editor

Although they have a large teenage audience with teenagers, young adult (YA) novels can still be enjoyed by anyone who is older and/or in college. These novels are often more conflict-driven and action-packed than adult fiction. Encompassing a number of other genres, including fantasy, sci-fi and contemporary, YA novels manage to draw on themes that are timeless. However, there are some YA novels — even those that become bestsellers — that make liberal use of “tropes,” or clichés, that are commonly used to appeal to readers. These tropes can be infuriating when seen altogether, especially when they make no real contribution to the plot. But, there are some instances when these devices can work well. Here are six tropes that are so overused that at least one is bound to be seen in any given YA novel.

THE LOVE TRIANGLE

NONCHALANCE ABOUT DEATH

THE TYRANNICAL GOVERNMENT

The realm of young adult ﬁction is a little too familiar with love triangles. The most commonly recognized examples are found in the “Twilight” and “The Hunger Games” series. This cliché involves the main character being forced into making the choice between two people who love them equally. Although this device can be compelling, it can also force the protagonist to deal with conﬂict that does not further the main plot.

This trope is often found in the genres of science fiction and fantasy. When caught in a near-death situation, such as a gun fight or explosion, the main character often faces it with an almost nonchalant attitude. He or she will immediately brush off the experience and say or think something humorous, recovering from the incident immediately. In reality, a near-death experience would probably be more traumatizing, unless the character has had experience with such violent fights in the past.

The “tyrannical government” is found in many dystopian novels. This cliché is often accompanied by the poor majority, who live under the wrath of evil and unreasonable rulers. The rulers of the government are portrayed more like machines than humans, and they feel no empathy for anyone around them.

THE ‘STRONG’ PROTAGONIST

INCURABLE DISEASE

LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT

Sometimes authors of YA novels can go too far in trying to create a “strong” protagonist. In trying to do so, they could make their protagonist appear ruthless and unlikeable, making choices that are inconsiderate to surrounding characters. Authors should realize that a strong character does not need to be emotionless. Some of the most relatable protagonists in YA ﬁction are subject to trauma and are human in times of weakness.

Incurable disease is a device that is often abused in the realms of science ﬁction and fantasy. Taking inspiration from novels such as “The Maze Runner,” authors are beginning to come out with novels that involve some type of mysterious disease in their premises. Often, the government is involved in manufacturing the disease. The plagues can also give way to either a zombie apocalypse or the death of a huge fraction of the population.

The love triangle isn’t the only romantic cliché. Romance in the YA genre often develops in the tiny space of a few chapters, usually to the point when two characters will claim they are willing to do anything for each other. A prime example of this trope is found in the “Starbound” trilogy, which features three couples who fall in love just after they meet.

LGBTQ REPRESENTATION IN POP CULTURE TODAY A look into the diverse forms of attraction we see on the screen

SOURCE: IMDB.COM 

RALPH ARISTA | SENIOR STAFF WRITER

In the last few years, the number of characters who break sexuality barriers in the media has begun to rise. And the acceptance of these types of characters shows how society is changing for the better. While not all of the actors listed below are of the LGBTQ community, some of the characters they portray have joined the on-screen LGBTQ community.

SOURCE: IMDB.COM 

SOPH IA BU RS ET

IA N GA L LAG H ER

M AG NU S BA NE

M ULAN

LAVERNE COX “ORANGE IS THE NEW BLACK”

CAMERON MONAGHAN “SHAMELESS”

HARRY SHUM JR. “SHADOWHUNTERS”

JAMIE CHUNG “ONCE UPON A TIME”

This Netflix show is centered around a women’s prison where Sophia, formerly a firefighter named Marcus, serves a sentence for credit card fraud, which she used to finance her gender reassignment surgery. At the time, her then-wife had been supportive through the adjustment period. Her son, however, felt otherwise and turned her in for her crime. Cox plays this character well, coming from the experience of being a transgender person in real life. Because of her openness about her sexuality, she has become the first transgender person to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the acting category.

Ian’s character starts the series in the closet out of fear of what his family might think but grows to accept his homosexuality with pride as he comes out to his family within the first few seasons. He later begins an ongoing relationship with his once “homophobic” neighbor, Mickey Milkovich, who did not want to accept his sexuality before getting to know Ian. His pride in the gay community carries over when he enlists in the army and befriends other soldiers who are also gay. While his sexuality is not the defining trait of his character, Monaghan’s portrayal of Ian and his response to the world’s view of his homosexuality is a definite highlight.

Introduced to the television-adapted book series as the High Warlock of Brooklyn, Shum’s character is described as a centuries old, immortal playboy who has bedded many lovers, men and women, but has never settled down with one who he truly loved. His extensive “experience” later becomes a point of conflict when Magnus finds a more-than-physical attraction to Alec Lightwood, though the two reconcile when Magnus confesses he cannot imagine a future without Alec. Shum has described his character in an interview as a “freewheeling bisexual,” stating that, “when you’ve lived that long, you definitely take in a lot of different experiences.”

One of the main highlights of “Once Upon a Time” is its ability to take long-cherished fairy tales and twist them in a way that make us love them even more. The introduction of this character to the show was no exception. Chung’s character was first introduced as the beloved female warrior from China, coming to the aid of her best friend, Prince Phillip, in his search to find and rescue Sleeping Beauty. While many fans speculated that the interaction between Mulan and Phillip was a growing romance between friends, it is later revealed that Mulan’s romantic interests were directed toward Sleeping Beauty all along. Mulan is the first of other LGBTQ characters this series has introduced.

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EVENTS CALENDAR

A UG UST COURTESY: CONSOLIDATED THEATRES 

JULY 10TH JULY 23RD

RICK PAYETTE / FLICKR 

MAHALO DAYS KICK-OFF CONSOLIDATED THEATRES AUGUST 7-9

BED BATH & BEYOND POP-UP SHOP UH MANOA BOOKSTORE 8/8-9/2

As part of celebrating 100 years of serving Hawai‘i, Consolidated Theatres will be launching discounted movie tickets and concessions every Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Consolidated Theatres will offer regular admission movie tickets for $7 as well as hot dogs and popcorn for $2.

From bedding to decor, students can pick up various housing needs at the Bed Bath & Beyond Pop-Up shop at the UH Manoa Bookstore. In an effort to make move-in day easier, there will also be a pop-up tent at the Hale Aloha Towers on August 16.

FILE PHOTO / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

HI PRIDE LAUNCH UH MANOA BOOKSTORE

UH MANOA MOVE-IN DAY 8 A.M. - 4:30 P.M.

This year’s winning HI Pride T-Shirt design will go on sale at University of Hawai‘i system bookstores. As part of the HI Pride T-Shirt Contest students are encouraged to create designs that they feel reﬂect Hawai‘i pride.

Those who attended NSO will move in from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m., aside from those dorming in Johnson Hall whose move-in begins at 9 a.m. Students dorming in Hale Noelani, Hale Wainani or Frear Hall who did not attend NSO move in on August 18 instead.

JARIN MORIGUCHI / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

SUMMER SESSIONS II TEXTBOOK BUYBACK UH MANOA BOOKSTORE 8/10-8/12, 8/10-8/11 8 A.M. - 4:30 P.M., 8/12 9 A.M. - 12:30 P.M. Students looking to get rid of textbooks they no longer need can get rid of them in exchange for cash. Buyback prices range depending on the quality of the textbook as well as the demand.

FILE PHOTO / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

STUDENT MEDIA BOARD RESOURCE FAIR CAMPUS CENTER 12 P.M. - 3 P.M.

WALLY GOBETZ / FLICKR 

FILE PHOTO / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

Ashley Maria Marketing/Advertising Manager

The Student Media Board will be partnering with its vendors to bring students closer with their Honolulu community. Vendors will include restaurants, retail, transportation, campus and local services.

JARIN MORIGUCHI / KA LEO O HAWAI‘I 

“MADE IN HAWAII” FESTIVAL NEIL S. BLAISDELL CENTER

DUKE’S OCEANFEST KUHIO BEACH PARK

WELINA MANOA: AND THE ADVENTURE BEGINS CAMPUS CENTER COURTYARD AND LEGACY PATHWAY 3:30 P.M.- 6 P.M.

The “Made in Hawaii” Festival showcases locally made plants, crafts, food and other island products. This annual event will be held for the 22nd time in its history.

The Duke’s OceanFest takes place in Waikīkī and celebrates surf culture in the islands. Surﬁng events, ceremonies, sports, and ﬁlm and music feature events will take place over the duration of the OceanFest.

The Ofﬁce of the Vice Chancellor for Students invites new students and returning students to kick off the new school year at Welina Manoa. There will be food, entertainment, games for all students to enjoy. Besides Starbucks and Jamba Juice, Campus Center vendors will be closed for the duration of Welina Manoa.