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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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10
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ePH 1. Activated Carbon filtration 2. Ground water harvesting and treatment or proper disposal. 3. In â&#x20AC;&#x201C; situ bioremediation
11
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13
tiu glk; -1
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A
Fresh water
Sea
Sea
Sea water
Sea water
Jaffna Limestone Brine water Brine water
Mannar Sandstone
PrecambrianMetamorphic rocks
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14
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vDl;
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tiu glk; 04 16
3. Rd;dhfk; ePH khriljy; fw;if 3.1 fw;if KiwapayP jftyPfs; jpul;lg;gl;l gy topKiwfs; 1. 2015 Mk; Mz;L ngg;utpup 15> 16 k; jpfjpfspy; NIPO epWtdj;ijr; NrhPe;j tpNrl gpuKfh;fs; Neulpahf me;jg;gFjpf;F nry;yy;. ,e;jpWtdj;ijr; rhh;ej tpNrl gpuKfh;FOtpy; njhopy; Njh;r;rpngw;w xU %j;j Gtpapayhsh;> kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Njh;r;rpngw;w xU tpNrl nghwpapayhyh;> xU tpNrl itj;jpa epGdh;> xU tpNrl fzf;fpashyH; MfpNahh;fs; csPsle;fpapUe;jdh;. 2. Rj;jkhd ePh; ngWtjwfhd ghjpf;fgPgl;Nlhh; kf;fspd; rq;fj;Jldhd re;jpg;Gk; “RjPjkhd ePuP ngWtjwPfhd
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; xdPwpakP (APUPW)”,r;
rq;fkhdJ itj;jpah;fis;Ak;> nghwpapashyh;fs;Ak;> gl;ljhhpfisAk;> NtW tpNrl epGzHfisAk; ; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 3. mur mjpfhupfSldhd re;jpg;G.
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re;jpg;G. 5. NtW gy mwpf;iffSk;> nra;jp mwpf;iffSk; . 6. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; n;gl;Nuhypak;> Gtpapay;> jputtpay; njhlh;gpy; #oy; khriljy; rk;gj;jkhd mwpf;ifAk;. ,d;Dk; mJld; nfhlh;Ggl;l tplaqPfSk;. 3.2 nghJthd tpsf;fk; 3.2.1 khriljy; my;yJ fyj;jy;. RdPdhfk; ejuhdJ R;khH; ahoP efupypUe;J 10 fp.kP. tlf;fpYk;> aho;g;ghzk;. fhq;Nfre;Jiw nry;Yk; gpujhd ghijapd; ,ilNaAk; mike;Js;sJ. RdPdhfkhdJ kpfTk; rd nehpryhd xU gFjpahfTk;>;. rz;bypgha;> ky;yhfk;> Gziy;f;fl;Lthd; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fshy; #og;gl;Lk; fhzg;gLfpd;WJ. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; tptrhapfshFk;. ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ 3 epUthfg;gpupTfSf;F cw;gl;l gpuNjrj;Jld; njhlh;G gLfpd;wJ. mitahtd typfhkk; - tlf;F> njw;F> typfhkk; rpof;F vd;gdthFk;. ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fshy; ePh; khfgLfpz;wJ vd;w jftyhdJ mg;gFjpapYyPy kf;fshYk;> gy;NtW epStdq;fspDla mjpfhhpfshYk;> Clfq;fspy; itspaplg;gl;l nra;jpfshYk; mwpa KlpePjJ. mt;thW ngwg;gl;l jfty;fshdJ vjph;ghHf;fg;gl;lJ NghyNt xU xOf;q;fpd;ikahd nra;jpfshfNt fhzg;gl;ld. fPNo mr;nra;jpfs; midj;Jk; xU xOq;fhd tbtpy; tbtikf; fg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; tbtikf;fg;gl;l ,j;jftyhdJ ajhh;j;jj;jpypUe;J khWgl;litahfTk; ,Ug;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd;.
17
rpy Clfq;fspDila mwpf;ifapd;gb aho;g;ghdj;jpd; khtl;l nrayfg;gpupthdJ ngw;Nwhypa vz;izapdhy; ePu; khriltijg;gw;wp 1987 Mk; Mz;by; Kjypy; fz;Lgpbj;jjhfTk; gpwF mJ kpfTk; Ntfkhf mg;gFjpapy; gut Muk;gpj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1980 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J aho;Flhehl;by; ePupd; juj;ijg;gw;wpahd gy Ma;TfSk;> cj;jpNahfg+u;t re;jpg;Gf;fSk; eilngw;Ws;sd. cjhuzkhf aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ePupd; juj;ijg;gw;wpAk; mjd; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg;gw;wpAk; 2012 k; Mz;L eilngw;w xU cj;jpNahfg+h;t re;jpg;gpidg;ge;wpa mwpf;if xd;W ,z;atisj;jsj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;bUg;gijj; $wKbAk;. ,r;re;jpg;gpd; NghJ gy mur epWtdq;fSk;> cs;Suhl;rp Kfhikj;Jt mikg;Gf;fSk; fye;Jnfhz;Ls;s NghjpYk; ahUNk ngw;NwhypagP nghUl;fspdhy; ePu; khriltijg;gw;wp Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. vdpDk; mr;rejpg; Gf;fspSk; mwpf;iffspYk; xOq;fPdkhf fopTg;nghUl;fs; ntspaplg;gLtijg;gw;wpAk;> ePupd; jukhdJ iel;Nul; (fpUkpehrpdpfspd; ghtidahYk;> tPl;Lf;fopTg; nghUl;fyhYk;)> iel;iul;> fy;rpak;> kf;dPrpak;> igfhu;gNdl;> fl;kpak; NghdPw gjh;j;jq;fshy; khriltJ gw;wpAk; ,d;Dk; ePUw;WfspDs; fly;ePh; fsg;gjhy; ePupd; cg;Gj;jd;ikapd; nrwpT mjpfhpg;gJ ge;wpAk; Kf;fpa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy;
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khrilePjpUfPfpdPw Kf;fpa ,lq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;. ePu; khriltjw;F Kyfhuzkhf cs;s xU epyg;gugPghdJ> njw;F ntspfhkk; gpuNjr rigg;gpuptpw;F cw;gl;l epyg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ,e;epyg;gug;ghdJ 1950 Mz;bypUe;J ,ye;if kpd;rhu rigapdhYk; mijj;njhlh;e;J ,d;Dk; %d;W jdpahH;epWtdq;fspdhYk; kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhfa; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l mNjNtiy vupnghUs; fsQ;rpakhfTk; ,d;Dk; ngUk;ghYk; fopT vz;nzafs; mg;Gwg;gLjjgPgL;k; ,lkhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1. 1958 Mk; Mz;by;Ue;J> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapdhy; Bry; ,y; ,aq;ff;fba kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyak; xd;W ,aq;fpte;jJ. 1970 Mz;L yf;rghd ePh;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lk; mKOf;F tUk;tiuapy; ,j;jpl;lkhdJ aho;Flhehl;bd; kpfg;gpujhdkhd kpd; epiyakhf ,af;fpte;jJ. vdpDk; ,uTNeu kpd; Njitdag; gH+j;jpnra;AKfkhf Bry; kpd; cw;gj;jpepiyakhdJ 2012 Mz;L ,yhgfukw;wjhff; fUjgPgLk;tiu ,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jte;jJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp Njrpa kpd; toq;fs; KiwahdJ 1990 Mk; Mz;by; epWtg;gl;L mjp etPd 18
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xOq;fpy;yhj njhlh;ghly;fs;> njsptpy;yhj jd;ik> Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;ff; $ba mjpfhhpfspDila njsptpy;yhj jd;ik> rpW rpW murpay; ,yhgq;fSf;fhfr; re;jh;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gy tplaq;fSk; ehq;fs; re;jpj;j rk;ge;jg;gl;l kf;fsplj;jpYk; mjpfhhpfsplj;jpYk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpur;rpid gw;wpa nra;jpfSk;> juTfSk; ntt;NtW kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJk; ve;jnthU jdp mikg;gplKk; vy;yh tpguq;fSk; xNu ,lj;jpy; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
26
mNjNeuj;jpy; ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigaPf;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rh; 16e; jpfjp khh;r; khjk; 2015 ,y; xU Clhf re;jpg;gpd; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;ljhtJ> ,g;gpur;rpidf;F ve;jnthU jPh;Tk; vLf;fg;glhj gl;rj;jpy; RdPdhfj;jpw;F cg;Gj; jd;ikaw;w (Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l) fly; ePh; vt;tsT nrythdhYk; mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; vd;gjhf ,Nj tplak; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; 2015 Vg;uy; khjk; $wg;gl;lJ. 4.6 nghUshjhu jhf;fk;; ,g;gpur;rpidapd; NghJ Vw;gl;bUf;ff; $ba nghUshjhuj; jhf;fj;ijg; gw;wp ve;jnthU cj;jpNahfG+h;t juTfSk; ,Jtiu vLf;fg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW kf;fs; epjpapy; ,aq;ff;$ba gy;NtW epWtdq;fSk;> ntt;NtW jpirfspy; ,aq;fp tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,jd;NghJ ve;jnthU nghJthd jpl;lNkh> xOq;F KiwNah> topfhl;ly;fNsh fhzf;$bajhf ,y;iy. cj;jpNahfG+h;t Ntiy Neuq;fs;> fhhpahya thfdq;fs;> fhhpahya cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; ,d;Dk; gy mur %yjdq;fis> ghtpf;f Ntz;b tUtjhy; ,J ehl;Lkf;fSf;F xU Nkyjpf RikahFk;. tlf;fpd; ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigahdJ Rz;zhfj;jpypUe;J ePh; ngWtij ePh; khrile;jjpd; fhuzkhf iftpl Ntz;b te;Js;sJ. ,r;rigAk;> gpuNjr rigAk; Nkyjpf nrytpdq;fisAk;> Nkyjpf kdpj tsj;ijAk; ,d;Dk; Nkyjpf tsq;fisAk; ePh; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf nrytpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,it midj;Jk; filrpapy; kf;fs; nrytpNyNa Kbtilfpd;wJ.
5. fye;JiuahlYk; jPHkhdq;fSkP. ,g;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;thdJ Kfq;nfhs;tJ vd;gjpy; mike;Js;sJ. njhopy;El;g rthy;
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27
NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ Nghy; khrile;j Njf;fq;fis Rj;jpfhpg;gijg;gw;wp kpfTk; rpwe;j KiwfSk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fPo; $wg;gl;l Ntz;baitfshFk;. i)
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mwpe;J nfhs;sy; (,jd;NghJ me;j ,lkhdJ ahUf;F nrhe;jkhdjhf ,Ug;gpDk; my;yJ ahuhy; ,af;fg;gl;l ,lkhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhpNa) ii) ePh;> epyk;> czTg; nghUl;fs;> vt;tsT J}uk; khrile;Js;sJ vd;gij mtjhdpj;jYk; mtw;wpd; juj;ij gioa juTfSld; xg;gpLjYk;. iii)
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Njitahd msT gzk; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; #oikT rk;ge;jg;gl;l rthyhdJ ,yFthdjhf mike;JtpLk;. (RKfkhd xU #oy; mike;JtpLk;) ,jd;NghJ njhopy;El;gk; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fs; midj;Jk;> jputtpay;> Gtpapay;> Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;w xU ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpaplNkh my;yJ mtw;Wld; Nrh;e;J njhopw;glf;$ba jdpahh my;yJ mur epWtdq;fsplNkh nghWg;Gf;fis xg;gilf;fyhk;.
28
my;yJ fPo;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Kiwfs; cs;Shpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fisAk;> tsq;fisAk;> gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. (1) epyj;jpDs; 30 kPl;lh; Moj;jpw;F ePiu khRg;gLj;Jtjhf fUjgPgLfpdPw ,lj;jpy; ,uz;L Jisfisapl;L kz;> fw;fis ghpNrhjidf;fhf vLj;jy;. (2) ePh; khRw;Wr; nrd;wpUf;ff;$ba jpiria mtjhdpj;J mj;jpirapy; 100kP> 200kP> 300kP> 500kP> 800kP> 1200kP kPw;wh; J}uk; mbg;gilapy; ePiu khrila nra;tjhff; fUjf;$ba ikag;G sPspapypUe;J milahskpl;L mtw;wpy; Jisfisapl;L epy ePiu vLj;J mjpYs;s vz;nzapd; jd;ikia msj;js;. (3) khRgl;bUf;ff;$ba ,lj;ij tiuglq;fspy; tiue;J> ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;bUf;ff;$ba khRWjypd; mstpid Fwpf;ff;$ba juTfisAk; Fwpg;gl;L ikag;Gs;spf;Fk; Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ePh; khjphpfspd; khRWjypd; ,ilntspia mwpe;J nfhs;sy;. (4) ePh; nry;Yk; jpiria cj;Njrpj;jy;. (5) ePh; khrile;jpUf;Fk; tiuglj;ijAk;> ePh; nry;Yk; jpiriaAk; Muha;e;J ePiu cwpQ;Rk; fpzWfs; mikf;Fk; ,lq;fis; cj;Njrpj;jy;. (6) nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; rpy fpzWfs; mikf;fg;gl;L ePiu ntspapy; cwpQ;rp mRj;j ePh; tha;ff ; hy;fSf;Fk; flYf;Fk; mDg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ePhpd; vz;nza;j; jd;ikahdJ mf;fpzWfspy; Kjypy; msf;fg;gl;L gpd;dh; vt;tsT ePuhdJ mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kd;$l;bNa jPh;khdpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. (7) ePiu cwpQ;rp vLf;Fk; jUzj;jpy;> ePh;kl;lj;ij mk;kl;lq;fspYs;s ePhpd; cg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; msg;gjw;fhf NtW xU rpy fpzWfs; mtjhdpg;gjw;fhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ePiu ,iwf;Fk; NghJ cg;Gj;jd;ikahd ePuhdJ vt;tsT Ntfkhfg; guTfpd;wJ vd;gij mwpaf;$ba Kf;fpakhd juTfSk; fpilf;fg;ngWk;. (8) ,t;thW ePiu ,iwg;gjd; %yk; ePhpd; vz;nza; jd;ikahy; Vw;gl;l khRWjyhdJ Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW khRj;jd;ikahdJ xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT FiwAk; tiu ,e;ePiu ,iwf;Fk; Kiw fhy ,ilntspfspy; kPl;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
29
(9) ,d;Dk; xt;nthU tptrhag; nghUl;fspYKs;s msTk; msf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
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#oiy khRgLj;jpajw;F nghWg;ghd $l;lj;ijf; fz;lwptjpy; cs;s
Mh;tk; ii) njsptw;w Nfhhpf;iffisAila rpf;fyhd murpay; Kiwik> jpwd; Fiwe;j njhopy;El;g cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jy; ,d;Dk; Fiwthf nrytpLjy;. iii)
mur Kfhikj;Jt Kiwapy; cs;s rpf;fy;fs;
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vt;tifahd rpf;fyhd #o;epiy ,Ue;jNghjpYk; filrpapy; ,t;tplaj;jpy; nghWg;Gf; $Wfpd;wth;fs; kj;jpa murhq;fNkahFk;. ([dhjpgjp> gpujkh;> mikr;ruit cWg;gpdh;fs;) Vnddpy; kf;fs; vg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jhYk; jdJ kf;fspd; eyDf;fhfg; ghLglNtz;ba nghWg;G murhq;fj;ijNa rhUk;. ,d;W ,Uf;ff;$ba mur epWtdq;fs;> Kfhikj;Jt epWtdq;fs;> my;yJ kj;jpa muR rhh;ghf ,aq;ff;$ba FO ,tw;wpw;F ,ilNa ,Uf;ff;$ba njsptw;w jd;ikiag; ghh;g;gJ murpd; flikahfTs;sJ. ajhh;j;jkhf nrhy;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; murhq;fkhdJ jdf;Fk;> nghJkf;fSf;Fk;> nghWg;Gf; $wf;$ba xU mikr;ruit (cjhuzj;jpw;F #oy; ghJfhg;G mikr;R) my;yJ Nky; khfhz rigia mikf;fNtz;Lk;. ,jd;NghJ ,t;tikg;ghdJ xU njspthd jpl;lj;ijAk; Nehf;fq;fisAk; (Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l 5:1 ,ypUe;J) jdJ tsq;fisAk; jhd; nraw;glf;$ba fhy tiuiaAk;> KjyPL nra;Ak; KiwfisAk; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,ijg;gw;wp r%fKk; ed;F mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. #oiy khRgLj;jpa nghWg;Gjhhpfs; my;yJ nghWg;ghd mikg;Gfs; gw;wp Muha;tJ kpfTk; rpf;fyhd xU tplakhFk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,aq;fpte;j epWtdq;fisg; gw;wp Muha;Nthkhdhy; rpy mur epWtdq;fspd; #oy; ghJfhg;G 30
gw;wpa njhopw;ghlhdJ 2010-2011 fhyg;gFjp tiuf;Fk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; kpd; cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpa njhopy;El;gq;fs; fopTfs; ntspNaw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gd kpfTk; Fiwe;j epiyapNyNa fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. Vy;yh tifahd ngw;Nwhypaf; fopTfSk; mur> jdpahh; epWtdq;fspdhy; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjdhy; #oy; khriltJ mjpfhpj;jpUf;fyhk;. ,e;epWtdq;fspy; Fwpg;ghf ve;j epWtdk; #oy; khRWtjw;F nghWg;Gjhhpfs; vd;W $WtJ Mjhu G+h;tkhf cWjp nratJ; fbdkhd xU tplakhFk;. vdpDk; mjp jpwd;kpf;f njhopy;El;ggj;jpd; cjtpahYk;> ghJfhg;Gg; gilaplKk;> nghyp]pYk;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l jdpahh;> mur epWtdq;fsplKk; ngwg;gLk; jfty;fshYk; ahh; Fw;wthspfs; vd;gijf; fz;lwpa KbAk;. vkJ fUj;jhtJ> ,k;khriljypy; nghWg;Gf;$wf;$ba Fw;wthspfs; ahh; vd;gij fz;lwpa vt;tsT J}uk; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;baJ khfhz muRk;> kj;jpa muRkhFk;. ,t;thW nraw;gLtjhy; gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;T gpw;Nghlg;glhky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. 5.3 aho;g;ghzj;jpd; nghJthd ePH Kfhikj;Jtk.; aho; Flhehl;bd; tul;rpAk;> ePh;juj;jpd; jd;ikAk;
kpfTk; ftdj;jpy;
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,jd;NghJ ePhpd; cg;Gj;jd;ik mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ijngha;l; Nghd;w (Typhoid) rpy fpUkpfs;
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mth;fshy; 1993 Mz;L
155 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l Gj;jfk; ntspapl;gl;lJ. ePh;g;ghrd mikr;rpd; xa;Tngw;w gpujp jiy epUthfpahd ,thpd; ,g;gilg;G xU ngWkjpahd Vlhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mwpT Nkijfshd Iah v];.MWKfk; $l aho;g;ghz ePh; tsq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ rk;ge;jkhd gy rpwe;j Ma;Tfisr; nra;jNjhL gy fl;bl NtiyfisAk; Kd;itj;jhh;. ,it midj;ijAk; xd;wpizj;Jf; $l;lhf Muha;tJ mj;jpahtrpakhfpd;wJ. ePh;j;juj;jpy; (rpyNtiy mjd; mstpy;) kpfTk; Ntfkhd khw;wq;fs; eilngw;W tUtJ njhopy; kakhf;fy;> rdj;njhifg;ngUf;fk;> th;j;jfj; Jiwapd; tsh;rr ; p ,d;Dk; fhyepiy khw;wk; vd;gtw;wpdhyhFk;. vdpDk;> mt;tg;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba khw;wq;fis mtjhdpg;gJk; mtw;Wf;Fj; jFe;jthW eltbf;iffs; vLg;gJk; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fs;> njhopw;rhiyf; 32
fopTfs;> foptiwf; Fopfs;> cg;GePhpd; CLUts; Nghd;w ePiu khRg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzpfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; tpsf;fkhf Muha;tJk;> ePh;g; ghtid Kiwiag; gw;wp Muha;tJk; ,tw;wpd; tpsf;fq;fisg; ngw ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. kpfTk; cWjpahd tpjpKiwfs.rlPlqfs; Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; vy;yhf; Nfhzq;fspYk; mKy;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Rfhjhuj;Jiw> tptrhaj;Jiw> #oy; Nghd;w NtW Jiwrhh; epWtdq;fSld; ePhpd; juj;ij mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJk; ePh; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg;gw;wp vLf;Fk; KbTfisAk; gfph;e;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; mtrpakhd xU tplakhFk;. cjhuzkhf tptrhaj;jpd; NghJ el;lg;gl Ntz;ba rhpahd jhtuj;ij njhpT nra;ahtpbd; tpiyr;riy mjpfhpf;f $Ljyhd fpUkp ehrpdpfs;> nraw;if cuq;fis.; ghtpf;f NehpLk;. Rfhjhu mjpfhhpfSf;F Kd;$l;bNa ePhpd; juj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLkplj;J FWfpa ,d;Dk; ePz;l fhyq;fspy; tuf;$ba Neha;fisg;gw;wp mtjhdkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. 5.4 ,yq;ifapy; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; #oy; gw;wpa nghJthd mZFKiw. epy ePuhdJ ngUkstpy; khRWtJ ,yq;ifapy; ,J Kjw;jlitay;y. cjhuzkhf Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) vd;Dk;
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34
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35
vy;yh kf;fs; gpujpepjpfSk;> nghWg;ghd mjpfhhpfSk; Kiwahd ifj;njhopypdhy; Vw;glf;$ba Rfhjhu R+oy; ghjpg;Gf;fisg;gw;wp mwpT+l;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nghJkf;fs; gpujpejpfs; rpyhpd; fUj;jhtJ J}ug; gpuNjrq;fspyPUe;J Foha;fs; %yk; FbePiu mg;gpuNjrj;jpw;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf epy ePHj;Njfq;fs; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ,g;gpur;rpid
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Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd mtw;wpy; ghlrhiy; khztHfspd; Nghuhl;lk;> cz;zhtpujk;> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; KiwapLjy; Nghd;wit Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ky;yhfk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; xU tof;Fk; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gpur;rpid njhlHghfg; nghJthf mtjhdpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; gbj;jtHfs; kj;jpapy; ,J njhlHghd mjhtJ vt;thW ePH khRw;wJ mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghdtHfs;> vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,dp elf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; vd;d vdgJ gw;wpa xU njspthd mwpT ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ ftiyf;fplkhf cs;sJ. vd;whYk; ,g;gpur;rpid gw;wp fle;j murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfSf;F vl;litj;Jk; mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhhpfis ,J njhlHgpy; Ntiy nra;a itjj;Jk; xU nghpa tplakhfNt fUjNtz;b ,Uf;fpwJ. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36