DECADES OF TYPE
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1900- Fauvist Movement, led by Henri Matisse 1901- Queen Victoria dies. JP Morgan creates the United States Steel Co. which will become the first billion dollar corporation in the world. 1902- Enrico Caruso makes first gramaphone recording. 1903- Henry Ford organizes Ford Motor Company. The Wright Brothers make aviation history with the first flight at Kitty Hawk, NC. 1904- NYC subway opens The London Symphony Orcastra s established. Anton Chekhov introduces modern realism at the premiere of The Cherry Orchard at the Maslow Art Theater. The first phonograph was invented. 1905- Isadora Duncan establish the first school of modern dance in Berlin. The first movie theater opens in Pittsburg. 1906- Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony a means for radiowaves to carry signals a signifigant distance. Upton Sinclair exposes the public-health threat of the meat-packing plant in The Jungle. 1907- The first Cubist exhibition held in Paris. 1908- Arnold Schoenberg’s Book of Hanging Gardens released, bringing new style to classical music. Harmony and tonality are replaced by dissonance, creting what many listeners consider noise. Henry Ford develops the first Model T. 1909- The New York Times publshes the first movie review, a report on D.W. Griffith’s Pippa Passes.
Graphic Design went through many type movements between 1900 and 1910. Some of the movements it was going through was Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, Glasgow, Jugendstil, Wiener Werkstaette, Plakatstil, and Futurism. None of these were starting in this specific time frame but were all going on at this time.
‘Priester’ Poster Advertisement Lucian Bernhard (1905)
Fonts created between 1900 and 1910:
Century series (1900-1923) Globe Gothic (1900-1908) Card Mercantile (1901)6. Wedding Text (1901) Wedding Text Shaded (1913) Typo Script + extended (1902) originally ‘‘Tiffany Script’’. Engravers Bold (1902) Franklin Gothic series (1903-1912) Alternate Gothic, Nos. 1,2,3 (1903) Cheltenham series (1903-1913) Bulfinch Oldstyle (1903) Bold Antique (1904) Bold Antique Condensed (1908/9 ?) Cloister Black (1904) Miehle Extra Condensed + Title (1905) Typo Upright (1905), originally Tiffany Upright. Cushing Antique (1905) Engravers Shaded (1906) Norwood Roman (1906) Engravers Old English (1906) Engravers Old English Bold (1910) Clearface series (1907) Monotone Gothic (1907) News Gothic series (1908) Commercial Script (1908) Bodoni series (1909-1933) Hobo (1910) Copperplate (1905)
Lucian Bernhard
Lucian Bernhard (March 15, 1883 – May 29, 1972) was a German graphic designer, type designer, professor, interior designer, and artist during the first half of the twentieth century. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany, on March 15, 1883, as Emil Kahn to a Jewish family, but changed in 1905 to his more commonly known pseudonym. His first name is often spelled Lucien. He was influential in helping create the design style known as Plakatstil (Poster Style), which used reductive imagery and flat-color as well as Sachplakat (‘object poster’) which restricted the image to simply the object being advertised and the brand name. He was also known for his designs for Stiller shoes, Manoli cigarettes, and Priester matches.[1] Though he studied briefly at the Akademie in Munich, he was largely self-taught. He moved to Berlin in 1901 where he worked as a poster designer and art director for magazines. In 1920 he became a professor at the Akademie der Künste until 1923, when he emigrated to New York City. In 1928 he opened the Contempora Studio with Rockwell Kent, Paul Poiret, Bruno Paul, and Erich Mendelsohn where he worked as a graphic artist and interior designer. After 1930 he worked primarily as a painter and sculptor until his death on May 29, 1972.[2] Lucian Bernhard was the father of the photographer Ruth Bernhard.
Bernhard Antiqua (1912, Bauer) Bernhard Fraktur (1912–22, Bauer) Bernhard Privat (1919) Bernhard Brush Script (1925, Bauer) Bernhard Cursive + Bold (1925, Bauer), also known as Madonna and Neon Cursive also cast as “Madonna Ronde” by Stephenson Blake Lucian series (1925, Bauer), later digitized as Belucian by Font Bureau Lucian + italic also known as Graphic Light Lucian Bold + italic also known as Graphic Bold Bernhard Schönschrift (1925–28) Bernhard Bold Condensed (1926, Lanston Monotype) Bernhard Handschrift (1928, Bauer) Bernhard Roman + Italic (Bauer) Bernhard Fashion (1929, ATF and Intertype) Bernhard Gothic series (ATF) Bernhard Gothic Light (1929) Bernhard Gothic Medium (1929) Bernhard Gothic Light Italic (1930) Bernhard Gothic Heavy (1930) Bernhard Gothic Extra Heavy (1930) Lilli (1930, Bauer) Negro (1930, Bauer), later digitized as Berlin Sans by Font Bureau Bernhard Booklet + Italic (1932, ATF) Bernhard Tango (1934, ATF) Bernhard Tango Swash Capitals (1939, ATF), known in Europe as Aigrette Bernhard Modern series (ATF) Bernhard Modern Roman (1937) Bernhard Modern Bold (1938) Bernhard Modern Bold Italic (1938) Bernhard Modern Condensed (1938)
1910
1910- Thomas Edison introduces kinetophone which makes talkies a reality. Haley’s comet is observed photographically for the first time. 1911- The first feature film is released when 2 reels of a D.W. Griffith’s films are screened together. 1912- The unsinkable ship Titanic sinks. The Radio Act of 1912 limits broadcasting to the 360m wavelength which jams signals. Photoplay debuts as the first magazine for movie fans. 1913- Darktown Follies opens in the Harlem and helps to make Harlem a black culture center. Billboard Magazine publishes list of the most popular Vaudeville songs. 1914- WWI begins. Winsor McCay unleases Gertie the dinosausr, the first animated cartoon. 1915-German’s first use poison gas as a weapon of battle. Audrey Munson, playing a model for a sculptor in the film Inspiration. 1916- Margret Sanger opens the first birth control clinic in the United States. 1917- The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded for editorial writting, reporting, history of the United States, and biography or autobiography. 1918- Daylight Savings goes into effect. Pulitzer Pulitzer Prizes awarded for fiction, drama, and poetry debut. 1919- 18th amendment (Prohibition) adopted. After moving from its southern rural roots, jazz established Chicago as its Capital. Dial phones were introduced.
During the decade of 19101920 there were any graphic design art movements takin place: Jugendstil, Wiener Werkstaette, Expressionism, Plakatstil, Futurism, Vorticism, Constructivism, De Stijl, Dada, and Bauhaus.
Kasmir Malevich 1915
Kennerley (1911) Goudy Old Style (1915) Garamond series, (1919-1931) Baskerville Roman + Italic (1915) Motto (1915) Sterling (1917) Sterling Cursive (1919) Freehand (1917) Rugged Roman (1917) Card Litho + Card Light Litho (1917) Announcement Roman + Italic (1918) American Caslon (1919) Bodoni series (1909-1933) Hobo (1910) Light Hobo (1915) Clearface Gothic (1910) Venetian + Italic (1911) Venetian Bold (1913) Copperplate Gothic Shaded (1912) Cloister series (1913-1926) Cromwell (1913) Packard (1913) Packard Bold (1916) Antique Shaded (1914) Lithographic Shaded (1914) Adscript (1914) Souvenir (1914), Light Oldstyle (1916) Invitation Shaded (1916) Invitation (1917) Goudy series (1916) Goudy Title (1918) Goudy Bold Italic + Goudy Catalog (1919)
Serif:
San Serif:
Suprematism In 1915, Malevich laid down the foundations of Suprematism when he published his manifesto, From Cubism to Suprematism. In 1915–1916 he worked with other Suprematist artists in a peasant/artisan co-operative in Skoptsi and Verbovka village. In 1916–1917 he participated in exhibitions of the Jack of Diamonds group in Moscow together with Nathan Altman, David Burliuk, and A. Ekster, among others. Famous examples of his Suprematist works include, Black Square (1915)[6] and White On White (1918). In 1918, Malevich decorated a play, Mystery Bouffe, by Vladimir Mayakovskiy produced by Vsevolod Meyerhold. He also was interested in aerial photography and aviation, which led him to abstractions inspired by or derived from aerial landscapes. As Professor Julia Bekman Chadaga (now of Macalaster College [1]) writes: In his later writings, Malevich defined the "additional element" as the quality of any new visual environment bringing about a change in perception... In a series of diagrams illustrating the "environments" that influence various painterly styles, the Suprematist is associated with a series of aerial views rendering the familiar landscape into an abstraction... (excerpted from Ms. Bekman Chadaga's paper delivered at Columbia University's 2000 symposium, "Art, Technology, and Modernity in Russia and Eastern Europe")
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1920- Women’s Suffrage goes into effect. Rising popular interest in African American literature sparks beginning of Harlem Renissance. Speakeasies replaced saloons. KDKA, transmits the first commercial radio broadcast. 1921- The Cleveland Playhouse opens, becoming the countries first resident professional theater. 1922- Reader’s Digest debuts.  1923- “Queen of the Bluesâ€? Bessie Smith records her first ASBOQFPBJBK song. Time Magazine debuts. 1924- Walt Disney creates first cartoon Alice and Won- @>?IB > derland. First Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade. FBQ T>OQ— ‡ 1925- The Smith Family, introduces th first soap opera format. John Baird transmits the first television image in ‚ London. 1926- RCA, General Electric, and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates 2 national radio networks. LPQBO CLO ™ BRBP >RBK Automobile antifreeze allows people to used cars year ÂŞ BT RFIAFK round. > QO>SBIIFKD BUEF?FQFLK 1927- The Broadway musical links opera in Jerome Kern’s revolutionary Show Boat. Belgian astrophysicist LOD>KFWBA ?V BOJ>K BOH George Lernatire proposes the Big Bang Theory. 1928- GE introduces a television with 3 inch by 4 inch EBL >IIJBO— screen. Walt Disney introduces the first cartoons with ‡€† sound. Academy Awards were handed out first time. 1929- MOMA opens. CBS is founded.
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Serif: Perpetua (1926)
San Serif: Futura (1928) Futura Black (1929) Plak (1928) Gill Sans (1927-30)
Golden Cockerell Press Type (1929) Sulus (1929) Deepdene (1927) Remington Typewriter (1929) Pen Print Open (1921) CivilitĂŠ (1922) Typo Roman Shaded (1924) Schoolbook Oldstyle (1924) Schoolbook Oldstyle Italic (1928) Card Roman (1925) Typo Roman (1926) Canterbury (1926) Bulmer Roman (1926) Bulmer Roman Italic (1927) Greeting Monotone (1927) Gravure (1927) Galia (1927) Broadway (1928) Broadway Condensed (1929), capitals + lower-case Modernique (1928) Novel Gothic (1928) Chic (1928) Parisian (1928) Louvaine series Louvaine (medium) + Italic (1929) Louvaine Light + Italic Louvaine Bold + Italic Paramount (1929)
Theo August Ballmer was born in Basel in 1902 where he lived until his death in 1965. After his education as a lithograph and designer and his job as graphic designer at Hofmann-La Roche, he moved on to work at the Bauhaus in Dessau in 1928. After its closure in 1930, he returned to Switzerland and became the leading teacher at the Art School in Basel for the typographic and graphic classes. As a freelance graphic designer he became one of the most important designers and famous for his clear typographic style.
1930 1930- Unemployment soars. Astronomers discover Pluto. Grant Wood paints American Gothic. 1931- Whitney Museum of American Art opens with 700 pieces. 1932- Famine is wide spread in USSR. 1933-Roosevelt launches New Deal. Prohibition is repealed. 1934- FCC created to regulate broadcasting. Dust bowl 1935- Reintroduction of the paperback. Nylon was created. 1936- BC and electric guitars debut. Gone with the Wind is published. 1937- Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs debut. Golden gate bridge complete. 1938- Teflon was developed. Fair Labors Standards Act establishes minimum wage. 1939- WWII begins. New York hosts the World’s Fair. Robert Kane introduces Batman cartoon.
During the 1930’s there were multiple art and design movements taking place, a lot coming and going. These move… ments include Constructivism, De Stijl, Bauhaus, New ™ LEK>RPPQBIIRKD Typography, Art Deco, Heroic and Social Realism, and BR?vEIà LPQBO Streamline Moderne. >U FII— ‡ † ™ QFJJQ >– CROQ JFQ ABJ › KC>KQBŒ IR?šà LPQBO >U FII— ‡‚
“Constructivists� Exhibition Poster Jan Tschichold, 1937
“Wohnausstelling Neubuhl� Poster Max Bill, 1931
Bank Gothic Light (1930) Bank Gothic Medium (1932) Bank Gothic Bold (1932) Bank Gothic Light Condensed (1933) Bank Gothic Medium Condensed (1933) Bank Gothic Bold Condensed (1933) Dynamic Medium (1930) Piranesi Italic (1930) Piranesi Bold Italic (1931) Piranesi Bold (1933) Engravers Text (1930) Rockwell Antique (1931) Stymie Bold + Light + Medium + Light Italic + Medium Italic (1931) Stymie Bold Italic Thermotype (1931) American Text (1932) Raleigh Gothic (Condensed) (1932) Agency Gothic (1933) Agency Gothic Open (1934) Tower (1934) Poster Gothic (1934) Benton (1934)American Backslant (1934) Othello (1934), Shadow (1934) Headline Gothic (1935) Phenix (1935) Headline Gothic (1936) Empire (1937)
Californian (1938) Bulmer (1939) Joanna (1930-31) Aries (1932) Flokated Capitals (1932) Bunyan (1934) Jubilee/Cunard (1934) Albertus (Berthold Wolpe, 1932-40) Times New Roman (1931)
Max Bill (22 December 1908 – 9 December 1994) was a Swiss architect, artist, painter, typeface designer, industrial designer and graphic designer.
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1940 1940- Hitler invades Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Luxenberg. The first Bugs Bunny cartoon. 1941- Attack on Pearl Harbor. United States enters World War II 1942- Casablanca appears in theaters. RCA Victor sprays gold over Glenn Miller’s million-copy-seller Chatanooga Choo Choo creating first gold record. 1943- Selman Waksman discovers streptomycin and coins the term antibiotic. 1944- The first instance of network censorship occurs. The sound is cut off the Eddie Cantor and Norm Martin duet, “We’re Having a Baby, My Baby and Me”. 1945- United Nations developed. United States drops atomic bomb. 1946- Albert Camus publishes The Stranger. 1947- Microwave is invented. The Yankees beat the Dodgers in seven games in the firs televised world series. 1948- Truman ends racial segregation in the US military. Columbia Records introduce the long play record (25 minutes per side). 1949- Cable television debuts. 45 rpm records are sold in the United States.
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Albertus Palatino During this time World War II was taking place. The amount of fonts made seems to reflect the era of the war. However this doesn’t stop and is highly influenced by Art Deco.
1950 1950- Truman orders development of hydrogen bomb. Saturday morning children’s programming begins. 1951- 22nd Amendment limit the number of terms a president may serce. Color television introduced in the United States. 1952- Ralph Ellison publishes Invisible Man. Jonas E. Salk develops the first safe dead-virus polio vaccine. 1953- Playboy hits newstands. First successful open heart surgery is performed. 1954-Bill Haley and the Comets begin writing hit songs as a white band using black derived forms they venture into Rock n’ Roll. 1955- 70mm film is introduces with Oklahoma. 1956- Elvis Presley emerges as one of the world’s first rockstars. The Wizard of Oz has its first airing on television. 1957- Leave it to Beaver premieres on CBS. West Side Story debuts on Broadway and brings violence to the stage. Jack Kerouac publishes On The Road. 1958- Army’s Jupiter-C rocket fire first US satellite into orbit. 1959- Alaska and Hawaii becomes US states. First Grammy award ceramony.
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Serif: Pro Arte (Serif) Meridian (1955) Egyotienne (1956)
Display: Ondine (1954)
San Serif: Helvetica (1957) Univers (1957)
President (1954)
1960 1960- 90% US homes now have television. Harper Lee publishes To Kill a Mockingbird. 1961- United States breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba. West Side Story made for the big screen. 1962- Ken Kesey publishes One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Pope John XXIII opens Second Vatican Council. 1963- President Kennedy is assasinated. The Beatles and The Rolling Stones emerge. 1964- Bob Dylan, The Greatful Dead become more popular. US Surgeon General Luther Terry affirms that cigarette smoking causes cancer. 1965- US combat troops arrive in Vietnam. The Sound of Music premieres. 1966- Medicare begins. Star Trek premieres. 1967- Rolling Stone Magazine premieres. Congress also creates PBS. 1968- Martin Luther King was killed. Motion picture rating system debuts W, G, PG, R, and X ratings. 1969- Stonewall riot in New York City marks the beginning of gay rights movement. Woodstock
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Horizontal (1965)
Serif: Apollo (1962) Serifa (1967) OCR-B (1968) Sabon (1966/67) Albertina (1966)
San Serif:
1970 1970- The Beatles break up. Maya Angelou publishes I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. LCD is invented. 1971- 26th Amendment to US Constitution lowers voting age to 18. 1972- US Supreme Court rules that the death pentalty is unconstitutional. Atari introduces arcade version of pong. Compact disc is developed. 1973- The Exorcist premieres. Skylab, the first American space station is launched. 1974- People magazine premieres. Nixon resigns. 1975- VCRs are developed. President Ford escapes two assasinations attempts. 1976- US Supreme Court rules that death pentalty is not inherently cruel or unusual and is constitutionally acceptable. The Steadicam is used for the first time in Rocky. 1977- Nuclear-Proliferation Pact. Supreme Court rules that states are not required to spend funds on elective abortions. Star Wars hits theaters. 1978- Sony introduces The Walkman. 1979- Ohio agrees to pay 675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings. Sugar Hill Gang releases first commercial rap hit.
Serif: Iridium (1975) Glypha (1977)
San Serif: Bell Centennial (1975/8)
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1980 1980- Death of John Lennon. US Supreme Court upholds limits on federal aid for abortions. 1981- MTV premieres. PacMan mania occurs. AIDS is first identified. 1982- Michael Jackson’s Thriller. CATS opens on Broadway. Alice Walker publishes The Color Purple. 1983- Development of “crack” cocaine. Development of the noise free CD. 1984- Supreme Court rules that taping television shows at home on VCRs does not violate copyright laws. Apple introduces user friendly MAC personal computer. 1985- Rock Hudson, first major star to die from AIDS. Coca-Cola fails at introducing new formula to attract younger drinkers. 1986- The Oprah Winphrey Show hits national television. Nintendo video games are introduced in the United States. 1987- Beloved by Toni Morrison is published. Andy Warhol passes away. 1988- CD’s out sell vinyl. NASA warns about the dangers of global warming. 1989- Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club is published. The first world wide web server and browser is developed.
Serif: Icone (1980) Versailles (1982) Linotype Centennial (1986) Westside (1989) Bitstram Charter (1989/92) Charlemagne (1989) Mirarae (1984) Lucida (1985)
San Serif: Avenir (1988) Lithos (1989)
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Written: Hercukanum (1990) Rusticana (1993) Frutiger Stones (1998)
San Serif: Vectora (1990) Linotype Univers (1999)
Serif: Linotype Didot (1991) Pompeijana (1992)
Symbols: Frutiger Symbols (1998(
1990 1990- Simpsons debut. Hubble space telescope is launched. 1991- US Supreme Court limits death row appeals. Fox broadcasting is the first network to permit condom advertising on the television. 1992- CD’s surpass cassette tapes in recording. Text-based web browser is made avaliable to the public. 1993- Clinton agrees to compromise on military’s ban on homosexuals. First human cloned (cells taken from defective human embryos that were to be discarded in infertility clinic are grown in vitro and developed up to 32 cell stage, then destroyed. 1994- Forrest Gump premieres. Woodstock on ‘94 occurs. 1995- Criminal trial of OJ Simpson. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame opens in Cleveland. 1996- Death of Tupac. Cloning of Dolly the Sheep. 1997- Happy Potter is first published. Cloning of monkeys. 1998- Titanic becomes the highest grossing film of all time. FDA approves male impotence drug Viagra. 1999- Blair Witch Project cost 30,000 grossing 125 million. Increase in Internet users world wide.
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