Defence Business Issue 2

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

ISSUE 2

HOSTILE VEHICLE MITIGATION Innovative new vehicle designs and support systems

NUCLEAR WARFARE

The nuclear threat – how concerned should we be?

IN ASSOCIATION WITH COUNTER TERROR BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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      

   •  •  •          

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NUCLEAR WARFARE

Peter Jenkins, former British Ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency, discusses the specific nuclear threats facing the US and its allies We look at how the Civil Nuclear Constabulary defends and protects civil nuclear sites in the UK

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THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

Contents

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

ISSUE 2

HOSTILE VEHICLE MITIGATION

Global demand for protected wheeled vehicles for both military and civilian applications is on the up

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HOSTILE VEHICLE MITIGATION

AVIATION

Innovative new vehicle designs and support systems

The 49th Paris Air Show will bring together all the industry’s players worldwide to showcase the latest technological innovations

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BORDER SECURITY

With political unrest in North Africa creating an uncertain future for its citizens, Chris Yates discusses cross border illegal migration

NUCLEAR WARFARE

The nuclear threat – how concerned should we be?

IN ASSOCIATION WITH COUNTER TERROR BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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EVENTS

See exciting new developments and talk to industry leaders at the world’s largest fully integrated defence and security exhibition, DSEi 2011

In association with...

www.counterterrorbusiness.com PUBLISHED BY PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION LIMITED 226 High Rd, Loughton, Essex IG10 1ET. Tel: 020 8532 0055 Fax: 020 8532 0066 EDITOR Sofie Lidefjard ASSISTANT EDITOR Angela Pisanu PRODUCTION EDITOR Karl O’Sullivan PRODUCTION DESIGN Jacqueline Grist PRODUCTION CONTROL Reiss Malone

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ADVERTISEMENT SALES Rachael McGahern, Andrea Griffiths SALES ADMINISTRATION Jackie Carnochan, Martine Carnochan ADMINISTRATION Victoria Leftwich PUBLISHER Sally Brockman GROUP PUBLISHER Barry Doyle REPRODUCTION & PRINT Argent Media

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Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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Nuclear Warfare

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

NUCLEAR RISK

HOW CONCERNED SHOULD THE WEST BE ABOUT THE NUCLEAR THREAT?

What are the nuclear threats facing the US and its allies? Are some of these threats graver than others, asks Peter Jenkins, former British Ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency The dread inspired by nuclear weapons is special but not new. It dates back to the first nuclear explosions in 1945 and to the 1946 Congressional ban on nuclear transfers.

The nuclear threat has been dramatically reduced by the 1970 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), by successive US/Russian nuclear arms reduction agreements, and by the creation of nuclear weapon-free zones (NWFZs) covering Latin America, Africa, and large parts of Asia and the Pacific. But it is still with us. It lies behind the prominence given to preventing nuclear proliferation in recent US and UK national security strategies.

CAPACITIES At a simple level, threats are a matter of capacity. Threatening nuclear capacities can range from the possession of nuclear weapons, through a latent ‘threshold’ or ‘breakout’ capability, to the ability to produce small quantities of nuclear material that might fall into the wrong hands.

The nuclear facilities that most concern threat analysts are plants that enrich uranium by feeding it in gaseous form through cascades of centrifuge machines, and the plants that subject spent (irradiated) uranium fuel to chemical processes to separate the plutonium created by nuclear reactions.

Enrichment plants and reprocessing plants produce the fissile material (HEU and plutonium) from which nuclear explosives devices can be made. Reactors are only a potential threat insofar as reactor cores produce plutonium as a by-product – some more efficiently than others.

INTENTION On a more sophisticated level, capacity is only one element in the threat equation: motive and intention, and political risk, are also important. Policy makers in Washington do not lie awake worrying about Brazil’s ability to produce large quantities of HEU, because Brazil has no discernible motive for harnessing its enrichment capacity to the production of weapons pointed at the US; there is no evidence that Brazil’s leaders have any intention of going down that path, and the risk of those leaders being replaced by leaders who would have

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DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE | Issue 2

radically different attitudes is very low.

Sometimes the intentions and motives of other states are hard to read, and their domestic political outlook hard to predict.

Intelligence agencies generally find it easier to gather information about attempts to acquire capacities than about why leaders want a particular capability or the use they intend to make of it. The agencies’ intelligence-gathering record when it comes to predicting revolution and regime change also leaves something to be desired.

ASSUMING THE WORST So policy makers sometimes have to settle for a compromise between the simple and the sophisticated. When news reaches State A that the government of State B is seeking to acquire a capacity of concern, policy makers in State A asked themselves whether government B is best seen as friendly or unfriendly. If unfriendly then A’s tendency is to assume the worst – that the capacity will be used to harm A’s interests – and to see that capacity as a threat. Assuming the worst is of course prudent. It is safer for governments to over-insure than to be taken by surprise or seen as ingenuous.

These abstractions are a necessary preamble to two important points. The gravity of a nuclear threat is a matter of judgement; and that judgement is crucially influenced by assessments of such intangibles as motives and intentions, friendliness and unfriendliness, and political risk.

These points allow us to narrow the field by leaving to one side first the large number of nuclear programmes that do not entail a capacity to enrich or reprocess, and then a smaller group of states that can enrich or reprocess but whose intentions and political prospects are of no concern; and finally Russia, China and India, three nuclear-armed states that are on friendly terms with the US and its allies.

NORTH KOREA North Korea (the DPRK) presents the least questionable nuclear threat to the West. It not only possesses at least one enrichment plant and the capacity to reprocess spent fuel; it also possesses an estimated 60-70kg of

plutonium (enough for 12-13 warheads) and missiles capable of carrying nuclear payloads to target zones in Japan and South Korea. It has demonstrated that it knows how to build nuclear devices, albeit crude ones in the view of experts who have studied the results of the DPRK’s two test explosions (2006 and 2009). And at intervals DPRK leaders take unfriendliness towards the US and its North Pacific allies into the realm of belligerence.

Still, if one starts looking into motives and intentions, the picture becomes a little less bleak. The minds of DPRK leaders are notoriously difficult to read, and their record at keeping secrets is good. They have shown, though, that they are rational actors who have quite a shrewd sense of what their Chinese patrons will and will not tolerate, and an instinct for survival. For such reasons the risk of North Korea being the first state since the US in 1945 to make offensive use of nuclear weapons is low. The near-certainty in North Korean minds that a nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan would provoke their own annihilation is an effective deterrent.

There are, however, other forms that the nuclear threat can take. There are risks that one state’s possession of nuclear weapons will induce other states to seek such weapons in self-defence, that the possessor of nuclear know-how and fissile material will transfer one or other, or both, to other states or to terrorist groups, and that measures in a possessor state to protect nuclear material will not prevent terrorists acquiring material through theft or armed assault.

In these respects the DPRK picture is mixed. First, the risk of Japan and South Korea seeking nuclear weapons is very low. Japan, as the sole victim of a nuclear attack, is a fervent champion of nuclear non-proliferation. Both Japan and South Korea know they can count on the deterrent forces of the US. Both prefer to work for the ‘denuclearisation’ of the Korean Peninsula.

Second, security is so tight in North Korea that there is little risk of theft from DPRK nuclear facilities. But third, North Korea is thought to have helped Syria to build a reactor that was bombed in 2007 (see below) and is suspected of nuclear cooperation with Myanmar. And fourth, although the E

E DPRK is not known to have helped terrorists to acquire nuclear material, it would be unwise to exclude a DPRK decision to sell terrorists material, if leaders thought a transaction might remain undetected.

PAKISTAN Pakistan can produce large quantities of HEU and is thought to possess upwards of 70 nuclear devices, as well as delivery vehicles. This nuclear arsenal is not perceived as a direct threat to the West because Pakistani leaders portray it as a counter-force to India’s nuclear weaponry.

Furthermore, Pakistani delivery vehicles could not reach Western targets and Pakistan is a longstanding friend of the West. But a nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan might harm western interests. Western leaders recognise this – in 2002 they pulled strings to

that it has done so. It is working to improve this capacity, notably by developing more efficient centrifuge machines; progress, however, has been slow. Very little is known about suspected warhead design work.

The motives and intentions of Iran’s leaders have been and remain obscure. They can be thought unlikely to create a nuclear force for offensive purposes, as they have proved themselves to be rational actors, capable of grasping the implications of US and Israeli nuclear deterrent capabilities. Instead, there are grounds to think that they seek a threshold or break-out capability, to deter any future attack on Iran by a non-nucleararmed state. In February 2011 the US director of national intelligence testified that the US intelligence community assesses Iran to be keeping open the option of developing weapons, but does not know if Iran will eventually decide to build such weapons.

The nuclear threat has been dramatically reduced by the 1970 Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), by successive US/Russian nuclear arms reduction agreements, and by the creation of nuclear weapon-free zones (NWFZs) covering Latin America, Africa, and large parts of Asia and the Pacific. But it is still with us. It lies behind the prominence given to preventing nuclear proliferation in recent US and UK national security strategies. avert a possibly imminent exchange.

The West’s main fear, however, is the future – political risk looms large in the Pakistani case. Rapid population growth, economic weaknesses, corrupt politics, ethnic separatism and Islamic fundamentalism make for an unpredictable outlook. Although Pakistan’s stocks of fissile material and nuclear devices are guarded by elite elements of Pakistan’s strongest institution, the army, confidence in their long-term physical security is not high.

Proliferation is a further concern. Pakistan is home to Dr A.Q. Khan, whose illicit network supplied nuclear know-how and equipment to Iran, the DPRK and Libya. Khan was placed under house arrest in 2004, however, the extent to which this was done for the sake of appearances remains opaque. It would be unwise to assume that Pakistani leaders are, or always will be, determined to prevent Khan from ever going back into business.

IRAN Iran possesses a capacity to produce small quantities of HEU, enough perhaps for two weapons a year; but there is no evidence

Until that decision is taken it is hard to see Iran’s nuclear programme as a threat to the security of other states. It is better seen as a threat to the political interests of two of Iran’s regional rivals: Saudi Arabia and Israel. Both of these states – unlike Turkey, another SW Asian rival – fear that a latent nuclear weapon capability will enhance Iranian prestige, self-confidence, and regional influence, at their cost.

Iran’s programme also gives rise to proliferation fears. Yet there is no evidence that Iran has transferred nuclear know-how or material to other states or non-state actors, despite its longstanding ties to Hezbollah and Hamas. There are good reasons to believe it will not do so. Saudi rivalry with Iran could tempt Saudi leaders to seek a matching enrichment capability, but that would be unwelcome to the US; it would presuppose human resource capabilities that Saudi Arabia is a long way from possessing; and coming to a confidence-building understanding with Iran about the intentions behind its nuclear programme would be a wiser policy.

About the author

Nuclear Warefare

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

Peter Jenkins is former British Ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency. He is now a partner at ADRg Ambassadors, a partnership of former British Ambassadors offering businesses, governments and international organisations operational insight and experience, high-level contacts, and influence and diplomatic negotiating skills.

There is also a risk that Iran’s programme may provoke a pre-emptive strike by Israel or the US on Iranian enrichment facilities.

This could have severe consequences for Western interests, and would bring only short-term relief to those who see the programme as a threat. This unattractive cost/benefit prospect appears to be understood by the Obama administration, and is probably understood in Tel Aviv, despite rhetoric suggesting the contrary.

SYRIA AND MYANMAR In September 2007 Israeli aircraft destroyed buildings under construction in a Syrian desert. Intelligence leaks have since suggested that this operation obliterated a nascent nuclear reactor that would have been capable of irradiating uranium from which plutonium could have been extracted. Syria’s failure to declare the site to the IAEA prior to the start of construction suggests that, if this was indeed a nuclear site, Syria intended it to be covert. In that case, this can be accounted a nuclear threat that was countered at an early stage.

The episode will have sufficed to earn Syria a place on a list of countries of concern (nuclear). Also on that list is Myanmar.

Since Myanmar, like Syria and Iran, is a party to the NPT, and is also a party to the South-East Asian NWFZ, since its nuclear capacities are rudimentary, and since its nuclear intentions are obscure, it would seem premature to regard it as a nuclear threat. Concern, though, can be justified by the unfriendly nature of the Burmese military regime’s relations with the West.

It is hard to argue that the NPT has been ineffective. It has helped to reduce to low single figures the number of state nuclear programmes that pose any kind of threat to the West. Respecting NPT commitments has come to make sense to all but rogue regimes. Nonetheless, complacency would be dangerous. Support for the NPT needs to be maintained by the West showing even-handed respect for all the treaty’s provisions and scrupulous attention to detail in the analysis of potential challenges to the regime. L FOR MORE INFORMATION www.adrgambassadors.com

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

VEHICLE DESIGN

NEW PROTECTED DEFENCE VEHICLE

MIRA Ltd has been sought by world-leading blast and ballistic experts NP Aerospace to apply its knowledge in the development of a new protected defence vehicle The vehicle is designed around a revolutionary lightweight composite monocoque pod that delivers extremely high levels of occupant protection from a range of threats faced by modern military tactical vehicles.

A team from MIRA’s Defence division at its

underneath the vehicle in a blast, with potentially fatal consequences. Our team was therefore keen to minimise the metalwork under the cab to offer the maximum protection possible should they encounter a roadside bomb.

“There are many novel features we have

Experience shows that occupants of military vehicles become exposed to components located underneath the vehicle in a blast, with potentially fatal consequences. headquarters near Nuneaton, developed the automotive systems, including the unique subframes, chassis, powertrain, transmission and ultra-lightweight ergonomic user interface.

MINIMUM WEIGHT “From the start we wanted to match the ground breaking composite pod with a highly capable and reliable, high mobility automotive solution which enhances the whole vehicle and crew survivability for absolute minimum weight,” says Nigel Skellern, business development manager - Defence at MIRA. “Experience shows that occupants of military vehicles become exposed to components located

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DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE | Volume 2

designed into this vehicle, such as the modular front and rear subframes containing all the automotive components. This not only provides a very capable vehicle structure, but also enables soldiers to rapidly and easily replace whole powertrains and chassis systems in the field, ensuring a high level of vehicle availability.

“Other novel features included moving the transfer box to the rear module of the vehicle which not only reduced the risk of monocoque penetration in an explosion, but also delivered a better weight distribution to the vehicle.

“Mobility is also a key requirement for all defence vehicles, so we selected and worked with ‘best in class’ suppliers to deliver world-

beating automotive systems such as the bespoke independent suspension design giving each wheel station 500mm of travel.

“The vehicle was designed from the outset to deliver through-life growth, and a range of powertrains and transmissions can be fitted.

For this demonstrator we specified a Mercedes four cylinder diesel derivative combined with an ZF automated manual gearbox which offered the best possible power to weight ratio.”

MAJOR STEP FORWARD Roger Medwell, CEO at NP Aerospace, said: “We have been building composite armoured vehicles for over 15 years and these models are significantly lighter than steel versions. The materials and processes used in this particular concept defence vehicle however represents an additional major step forwards in composite armour protection.

“Having sought the advice of MIRA’s experienced team, we now have a realistic alternative to the current choice of products in the market with evidence of a 20 per cent weight reduction in comparison to standard vehicles, and enhanced survivability by minimising behind armour effects and secondary projectiles.

“The next stage is to work with the right stakeholders to bring this battlewinning technology to the front line.” L FOR MORE INFORMATION Tel: +44 (0)24 76355000 www.mira.co.uk enquiries@mira.co.uk

SPECIALIST POLICING

DEFEND, DENY, RECOVER – THE VITAL ROLE OF THE CIVIL NUCLEAR CONSTABULARY

Nuclear Warfare

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

The Civil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) is a specialist armed police service dedicated to the UK civil nuclear industry. In its Strategic Policing Plan 2011-2014 the Civil Nuclear Police Authority has set out its objectives to ensure the counter terrorism force retains its focus in a changing world The Civil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) is a specialist armed police service dedicated to the civil nuclear industry and operating under the strategic direction of the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).

The Energy Act received Royal Assent in July 2004 and created a new Civil Nuclear Police Authority to oversee a

reconstituted nuclear constabulary evolve from the previous United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary. This Act created the Civil Nuclear Constabulary which was established in April 2005.

Armed police services are required at most civil nuclear sites in the UK and the CNC has units based at 15 sites in England, Scotland

Armed police services are required at most civil nuclear sites in the UK and the CNC has units based at 15 sites in England, Scotland and Wales and employs just over 1,000 police officers and staff.

and Wales and employs just over 1,000 police officers and staff. The majority of officers in the CNC are authorised firearms officers.

DEFEND AND PROTECT The CNC’s mission statement is to defend and protect those sites to which it is deployed, with a view to denying unauthorised access to nuclear material and, if necessary, recover control of any nuclear material which may have been lost to any unauthorised persons. It is also committed to the safe and secure movement of nuclear material within the UK and internationally.

In protecting its sites, the CNC works in partnership with the appropriate Home Office or Scottish police force. Policing services E

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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SPECIALIST POLICING E required at each site are agreed with nuclear operators in accordance with the Nuclear Industries Security Regulations 2003 and ratified by the UK regulator, the Office for Civil Nuclear Security. Security is kept under constant review. Changes to operational tactics are frequent and irregular due to a range of factors and in order to limit the predictability of the police response to any incident.

The CNC’s focus on counter-terrorist operations is one of the key differences between it and Home Office or Scottish police forces.

The patrol strategy employed by the CNC ensures heightened security at all civil nuclear sites, gives reassurance to the public in the vicinity of those sites, and helps generate local intelligence reports and to constrain and disrupt the operating environment for those with terrorist intent.

A further benefit of the patrol strategy has been the deterrence and reduction in minor crime in the vicinity of civil nuclear sites.

Mutual support, assistance and memoranda of understanding with local police forces enable the CNC to maintain focus on its core role. One high profile event where the CNC was able to support its Home Office colleagues was the Derrick Bird shootings where the constabulary was requested to assist Cumbria Police to help locate the offender.

Since it was established, the CNC has continued to adapt and change. Key developments have included greater interaction with stakeholders and the development of the Operational Police Unit structure, which has enabled better collaboration with Home Office and Scottish police forces. Another key development was the appointment of Richard Thompson as chief constable, who brought a new perspective to the leadership of the CNC. PROGRAMME NEW DAWN 2008 marked the completion of a wide ranging review of the Constabulary’s capability and capacity which was conducted against the CNC’s Mission Statement and informed by the continuing and uncompromising nature of the terrorist threat.

The review was supported by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabularies, and identified a number of areas for improvement. A detailed implementation plan designed to address these, together with a new concept of operations that set out the way in which the constabulary would deliver the operational effect required to mitigate the threat, were presented to and by the police authority.

In February 2009, the Police authority agreed the funding within to address a number of approved recommendations to uplift and enhance the capability and capacity of the constabulary in firearms management, training and tactics, and the procurement of equipment, assets and weaponry. This ongoing programme of improvement is called Programme New Dawn.

Richard Thompson, chief constable of the Civil Nuclear Constabulary said: “New Dawn is a three year rolling programme

of continuous improvement. This new programme focuses on the wide range of improvements identified in the previous year’s review designed to enhance its capability.

“These, in the main, have flowed from the development of new tactical doctrine that is more appropriate and relevant to our Mission. Upgrading and uplifting the type, quality and frequency of firearms, first aid and Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) training, strengthening our command and control systems and deploying improved equipment and ammunition.

“The recruitment of additional firearms instructors has helped the CNC increase training productivity for authorised firearms officers, while the recruitment of force incident managers, who staff the newly-named Command & Control Centre at Culham 24 hours a day, seven days a week, ensures the CNC response to incidents on civil nuclear sites is effective from the point of initiation, has a clear chain of command in which the key decision makers are identified and the importance of early communications between force incident managers, unit control rooms and site emergency controllers is recognised.

“We have also continued to work closely with the wider policing family and have started an international engagement strategy with close allies to help identify and develop best practice in the armed protection of fissile material and civil nuclear facilities.”

THE FUTURE OF THE CNC In its Strategic Policing Plan 2011-2014 the Civil Nuclear Police Authority sets out its aims and objectives to ensure the CNC keeps up-todate with new counter-terrorist measures and is fully equipped to defend civil nuclear sites.

The specific policing aims set out by the CNC in the plan include increasing operational capability and capacity through the provision of enhanced command and control, preparation for changes in operating geography given current and future decommissioning and new build proposals and working towards the CNC being recognised as a provider of a world class armed response and policing capability for both licensed nuclear sites and for nuclear material in transit.

Richard Thompson continued: “The CNC has successfully protected nuclear material within the UK for over six years. In that time, officers have been deployed for 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and the CNC has grown both in size and resource.

“The successful completion and implementation of the aims outlined in the Policing Plan are essential if the CNC is to continue to provide the nuclear industry, the government and the public with the reassurance that it is truly fit for purpose and is in a position to meet its future, as well as its existing, challenges.” L

Nuclear Warfare

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

Richard Thompson

On 11 June 2007, Richard Thompson joined the CNC as the new chief constable. Throughout his career he has served alongside the police service in different operational environments and has seen active service in Northern Ireland and Oman.

He served for 18 years with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office covering a wide range of policy and operational risks with overseas postings to Stockholm, Geneva, Pristina and Baghdad. He was also seconded to the Home Office during the fuel crisis.

Mr Thompson oversees the strategic direction of the CNC and is chair of the Strategic Tasking and Coordination Group.

The Civil Nuclear Police Authority The Civil Nuclear Police Authority oversees the CNC, ensuring that the constabulary operates in an efficient and effective manner. The Civil Nuclear Police Authority currently consists of eight members, including chair Sir Chris Fox QPM, and is independent of the Civil Nuclear Constabulary. All members are appointed by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change.

Unusually for a police authority, the Civil Nuclear Police Authority is the employer of all CNC personnel, both police officers and police staff.

The Police Authority is committed to connecting with the people in the areas the CNC serves and has held annual meetings in public at Dounreay, Edinburgh, Cumbria, Oxford and North Wales to offer an opportunity for the public to see how it keeps the country’s nuclear facilities safe.

FOR MORE INFORMATION www.cnc.police.uk

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

09

Ballistic Absorption Barrier Systems www.babs.us.com

blocks are a revolutionary new product utilizing ‘green technology’ to manufacture a new method of protection against ballistic and blast events

During blast survivability testing conducted at the Aberdeen Test Center (Maryland, USA) a wall constructed of BABS blocks showed 99% blast attenuation

Testing performed December 2009 - US Army Aberdeen Test Center, Maryland Demonstrated at Quantico Marine Base - Virginia USA 2009

are custom designed and installed for each unique application for use in perimeter protection, embassy protection, airport security, major event security, pipeline protection, military installations, blast and ballistic protection have been designed for ease of movement and quick deployment. They are constructed to be positioned similar to building blocks. They are portable, reusable, and protective.

Innovative Concepts International SBMM R&D Center - 605 Laurel St. - Mishawaka, Indiana 46544 USA (+1) 574-968-3011 toll free (+1) 877-315-BABS (2227) please direct inquiries to: don.zimmerman@babs.us.com

Ballistic Absorption Barrier Systems utilize recycled scrap tires to create blast absorption barriers for use in perimeter and check point security, embassy fortification, pipeline protection, and major event security Scrap tires are one of the world’s largest environmental problems.

Hundreds of millions of tires are produced each year increasing the total number of tires worldwide. Most current applications for scrap tires involve burning or burying tires. These options can have a large environmental impact.

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www.babs.us.com

At 30lbs (13.6kgs) per block, the Eco-Blok has been developed as a durable and reusable alternative to standard sandbags

Each BABS block uses 260 scrap tires

Ballistic protection Erosion control Major event security Flood control Crowd control

Military uses Civil engineering Parks and recreation Emergency response

Innovative Concepts International SBMM R&D Center - 605 Laurel St. - Mishawaka, Indiana 46544 USA (+1) 574-968-3011 toll free (+1) 877-315-BABS (2227) please direct inquiries to: don.zimmerman@babs.us.com

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

Concertainer® units – providing protection for personnel, vehicles, equipment and facilities Based in the United Kingdom, HESCO Bastion Ltd has been manufacturing Concertainer® units since 1990. Manufactured to ISO International Standards, the Concertainer unit has been acknowledged as the most significant development in field fortification since the Second World War. Today, they are a key component in military hardware and a benchmark in force protection throughout the world.

Available in a variety of different sizes and delivery systems, each unit has been developed to provide the optimum solution for a wide range of protective and structural requirements.

In order to maintain the integrity of its product design, HESCO works closely with many of the world’s leading testing authorities. In addition to the standard Concertainer unit, HESCO continues to enlarge its market presence by developing products with dependable protection characteristics. in response to customer requirements.

A wide range of sizes offers the optimum Concertainer units are the benchmark solution for any protection requirement. in force protection for many military HESCO has also developed a portfolio organisations including the US Army, USMC, of products in direct response to customer USAF, NATO and the United Nations. They requirements: RAID® is a delivery system have been used for protection in many that reduces the logistic burden of moving countries around the world including large quantities of barriers into theatre; Afghanistan, Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, Yemen, the HESCO Accommodation Bunker (HAB), Sri Lanka, Jordan, UAE and Turkey. currently provides protected accommodation ® ® HESCO The Concertainer Mil range of units from in bases throughout Afghanistan; and Ad DBM May 2011.qxd:Layout 1 3/5/11 16:44 Page 1 HESCO provides rapid and efficient fortification the HESCO Redeployable Security Fence

(HRSF) is a rapidly erected and high level security fence, with no requirement for ground preparation or foundations.

FOR MORE INFORMATION Contact: Jonathan Bird, Operations Address: Knowsthorpe Way, Cross Green Industrial Estate, Leeds LS9 0SW Tel: +44 (0)113 2486633 Fax: +44 (0)113 2483501 info@hesco.com www.hesco.com

Concertainer from HESCO. Providing dependable protection wherever you are. www.hesco.com

Worldwide patents. HESCO, Concertainer, RAID, MIL and HAB are registered trade marks of HESCO Bastion Limited.

Other trade marks apply. © HESCO Bastion 2011

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DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE | Issue 2

PROTECTION VEHICLES

VEHICLE DESIGN PAIRING CREATES WIDER OFFERING

Hostile Vehicle Mitigation

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

With its acquisition of Creation, Penman Engineering has secured a wealth of expertise that it is now busy converting into a wider product range with increased global capability Against an evolving background of modern asymmetric and tactical warfare, insurgency and international terrorism, as well as illegal cross-border migration, global demand for protected wheeled vehicles for both military and civilian applications has increased greatly.

Engineers have responded with innovative vehicle designs and support systems to meet widely differing operational requirements.

Advanced sensors, remote weapon stations (RWS) and electronic countermeasures (ECM) are just parts of the expanding inventory of systems that provide effective detection and defeat capability against threats to platforms and their occupants. Current operational environments, particularly climate, terrain and altitude have also changed. This presents vehicle designers with the additional challenge of balancing multi-role platform versatility and compact size with optimum payload, improved mobility, performance, and even air-portability.

UK EXPERTISE Within the global market, the UK has emerged as a leading centre of excellence for the design, development and manufacture of these vehicle platforms, and the associated technologies that provide effective protection, improve survivability and mitigate threat.

Protected platform design and manufacture specialist Penman Engineering Group has acquired the business of Creation UK – an independent design, prototype development and vehicle engineering firm.

Penman has fulfilled a string of successful UK and international defence and security programmes including explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and specialist vehicles, armoured patrol vehicles, mine clearing systems, protected construction equipment and cash in transit conversions. The group already owns Aardvark, which specialises in landmine clearance machines.

The company’s capability includes vehicle system design and integration solutions – from concept, design, development, testing, manufacturing and through-life logistical support worldwide. The business also supports a broad range of UK military, diplomatic, police and blue-chip commercial clients, in addition to international projects in the Middle East, Far East and Africa.

Creation is the design firm behind a series of successful military vehicle platforms, radical new concept ancillary equipment and innovative technology. Its in-house Zephyr ZX2

and ZX3 SRV (Specific Requirements Vehicle) programme is one of the best examples of the company’s capability. Zephyr is a protected vehicle platform incorporating a composite occupant survival cell. Surrounding protection includes a V-form belly plate and an integral blast mitigation system. Protection is specified for minimum STANAG 4569 level 2 mine protection and level 2-3 KE protection.

Fragment protection is taken to level 4.

The vehicle also meets worldwide deployment criteria: A1-C1 operating, and A1-C2 for storage. The unit is also specified for climatic conditions A2-C1 (+56ºC to -32ºC) for storage – and down to C2 extreme

vehicles to protect them. We have to start by defining viable ‘protected envelope’ solutions which precisely match threat to operational requirements – the technical specification is then developed to support that.”

MOVING ON In the past, Davis suggests, there has been a tendency to look for partial solutions, which are already either in service or commercially available – and then adapt and progressively upgrade them. “That approach is now timeserved – we have moved on,” he says.

Last year, Creation provided a Zephyr SRV ZX2 4x4 protected patrol vehicle

Within the global market, the UK has emerged as a leading centre of excellence for the design, development and manufacture of these vehicle platforms, and the associated technologies that provide effective protection, improve survivability and mitigate threat. at -56ºC for operations. The Zephyr SRV is configured for air transportability within C130 and above – or underslung below CH47.

Mobility is designed to meet and exceed IMM at a gross vehicle weight of 7,000kg – with an effective payload capability of 2,500kg, assuming standard designed protection levels.

Zephyr can also be configured for a wide range of operational roles, body types and specialist applications such as pick-up utility vehicle, troop carrier, command and control, weapons mounted installation kit (WMIK), reconnaissance and battlefield ambulance. Crew and seating layouts can be varied from two to eight occupants, to suit operational requirements. Space is also allocated for weapons fit, communications suites, situational awareness (SA) systems and other electronic devices.

TRACKING THREAT Creation’s Bill Davis says the thinking behind the design of the Zephyr recognised the continuously changing and evolving nature of threat – and that now has to shape everything the comany does: “Compromise is not an option, particularly if we expect troops to have reasonable trust in their

variant and blast-mitigating seat package for a range of specialist scientific and fully instrumented blast tests. The work was part of two major multi-stakeholder collaborative programmes for the UK MOD – Blast Event Vehicle Integrity System (BEVIS) and Military Accident Data Recorder (MADR).

The tests, verified to undisclosed international standards, proved the blast mitigating capability of the Zephyr vehicle and special seat design but also led to the successful development of an advanced engineering data, vehicle integrity and incident analysis programme, which will impact on future design and survivability of protected vehicle platforms.

Bryan Findlay, managing director of Penman Engineering Group, says the Creation acquisition creates a greater breadth of products and engineering capability. “It will also enable us to fast-track our development and growth plans in world markets where we are already building strategic partnerships and our technology transfer business. We now have a group that offers unrivalled vehicle design skills, matched with first class manufacturing capabilities and in-depth understanding of vehicle protection,” he explains. L

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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Aviation

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

PARIS AIR SHOW 2011

TAKE TO THE SKY Meet aviation and space industry professionals, discover the latest innovations, admire over 140 aircrafts and enjoy the flying display at the International Paris Air Show this month Despite challenging international trading conditions, show chairman Louis Le Portz is upbeat and says he has been delighted by the support given to the long-running event: “Apart from a very small number of chalet units, the show is now full, a few weeks ahead of the usual marketing schedule.

We are extremely confident and are convinced that this year’s show will mark the economic recovery for our sectors.”

49TH ITERATION The last show, in 2009, was the centenary of the event’s creation, and featured some 2,000 exhibitors from 50 countries; 140,000 trade visitors; over 200,000 visitors; 3,000 journalists from all over the world, and 142 civil and military aircraft. This summer’s event – the 49th iteration – will open its doors at the end of June. Trade visitor days are 20-26 June, from 09:30 to 18:00, with the event being opened to the general public 24-26 June.

The International Paris Air Show – Paris Le Bourget, was created in 1909 at the Grand

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DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE | Issue 2

Palais in Paris. It is the oldest event in the world within this sector and traditionally has many aviation and space events aligned with it. Today it continues to showcase the latest industrial and technical innovations to a large professional audience and to the general public. As such, it is an excellent source of commercial and industrial opportunity.

BUSINESS MEETINGS Since 2007, the event has included a programme of scheduled business meetings to assist exhibiting SMEs to meet contract principals more efficiently. This

programme, which aims to bring together some 500 professionals at each show, with more than 5,000 arranged meetings, is organised in conjunction with BCI Aerospace, and will be held 21-23 June.

AIRCRAFT Organisers say all available exhibiting space has been reserved and all the industry’s majors have registered. They also reference the regional and national pavilions at the show as being indicators of the show’s dynamism and success.

Since it was created, the International Paris E

Today, the Paris Airshow continues to showcase the latest industrial and technical innovations to a large professional audience and to the general public. As such, it is an excellent source of commercial and industrial opportunity.

Aviation

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E Air Show has always hosted a large number of aircraft, among the most up-to-date and emblematic of their eras. In 2009, 142 aircraft were present, with around 40 giving daily flying displays. This tradition will continue in 2011, especially given the unprecedented number of new programmes scheduled.

Indeed, organisers anticipate a large number of new aircraft being present at the show. “We will probably have some surprises, and are doing our utmost to secure the presence of some of the best, most innovative aircraft for the show; it is always a challenge and is something we work at long-term with constructors,” says Le Portz.

UK PAVILION A|D|S will host the UK Pavilion in its traditional spot Hall 2B for the 49 International Paris Air Show at Le Bourget.

Reflecting the positive mood in the industry as demonstrated at last year’s Farnborough Airshow, the UK Pavilion space has been sold out since early 2011. Further space was created to account for the high demand, resulting in one of the strongest showings from UK exhibitors in recent years at the Paris event.

Rees Ward, CEO of A|D|S, said: “Last year’s Farnborough Airshow ended on a high note with over $47bn worth of orders announced, and this buoyancy in the commercial aerospace market would appear to be reflected in the very strong turn out from the UK exhibitors.

“Of course there are the household UK names present, but we are also witnessing an encouraging amount of interest from the UK SME community eager to engage in the international marketplace, with a range of companies such as Cooper Antennas or Amfin making their presence known.”

GREEN OBJECTIVES “Organising the world’s biggest aerospace industry show with the utmost respect for the environment is one of our main objectives for 2011,” Le Portz says. Accordingly, organisers have implemented a green approach to ensure that the upcoming show is more environmentally responsible.

Strategies implemented include: • using electronic communications media wherever possible (rather than print) • for printed documents, using paper from eco-managed forests • electronic press boxes • recycling waste during set-up and throughout the show • recycling the show’s advertising panels • suppression of some 40 generators.

“This is only the beginning, and represents a major first for an event of this size,” says Le Portz. L

Photo Alain Ernoult - ernoult.com

FOR MORE INFORMATION www.paris-air-show.com

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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Designed to Defend

Innovative Fabric Engineered Structures Rubb’s EFASS (Expeditionary Forces Aircraft Shelter System) is uniquely suitable for the military services, designed to be rapidly deployed and erected anywhere in the world.

With innovating and unmatched relocatable buildings in action across the globe, Rubb has the ideal solution to military application requirements.

Advantage points •

Complete range packs into 20ft ISO containers

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Multiple state-of-the-art hangar door options

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Roof mounted twin track maintenance crane

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Hangars available in spans from 11m-25m

we will never stop innovating RUBB BUILDINGS LTD. Dukesway, TVTE, Gateshead, NE11 0QE, England.

Email: info@rubb.co.uk Tel: +44 191 482 2211

www.rubbmilitary.com

COMBATING PIRACY

A RIGHT ROYAL VISIT FOR RUBB Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal commended the efforts of all those involved in helping to combat piracy in the Seychelles during visits to meet representatives from EU NAVFOR and the Seychelles Coastguard at Rubb Buildings Ltd’s latest installation

Aviation

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hand with the Seychelles Coastguard, to ensure our forces operate jointly every day when in the vicinity of the Archipelago.”

On arrival the Royal Party was given a briefing on EU NAVFOR’s operations by Luc Audoore, detachment commander (EU NAVFOR Luxembourg Detachment), outlining the cooperation between the EU nations and Seychelles to combat piracy.

The briefing included details of the joint EU NAVFOR/Seychelles operation to rescue seven Seychelles fishermen, 19 and 20 November.

“We had the chance to visit the joint facilities at the airport that EU NAVFOR have and The Princess Royal had the opportunity to see for herself the types of work done and how the element of air surveillance contributes to the overall efforts against piracy. I think she has gained a greater understanding of the entire work done, which involves a very close partnership between the Seychelles Peoples Defence Forces and EU NAVFOR,” said Minister Morgan.

NEW FACILITIES Luc Audoore, detachment commander and deputy general manager of CAE Aviation, said: “My personnel here are delighted by the new facilities which will make our work here so much easier, more comfortable and effective.

The technicians can now do their work while being sheltered, and the aircrew no longer have to sit in a 55°C cockpit with all survival gear on during start-up. Assembly went very well, despite the very hot weather conditions.

In four-and-a-half days the hangar was operational, thanks to the excellent support by Rubb technician David Cromarty. Rubb can be proud as a company to have such employees.

We are really happy the way it is designed and works. We now use the facility for daily bed down of both aircraft and all maintenance inspections will also take place in it.”

CAE Aviation has been in the Seychelles since September 2009. Having flown over 1,800 hours in 300+ sorties, CAE is quite unique as the only civilian asset in the EU, NATO and third party (Chinese, Japanese) anti-piracy forces.

Luxembourg based CAE Aviation commissioned the Expeditionary Forces Aircraft Shelter System hangar from Rubb to house two SA227 MERLIN IIIC aircraft on anti-piracy missions in the Somali basin.

The Luxembourg detachment in Seychelles is part of the EU operation ATALANTA, steered by the European Union Naval Force (NAVFOR) Operation HQ in Northwood, UK. The client saw Rubb hangars in action in Afghanistan and decided a 20.4m (66.9ft) EFASS with Trident doors at both ends would meet CAE’s needs. The hangar was delivered and erected at Seychelles International Airport in Victoria in November 2010.

Princess Anne visited the facility on Tuesday, 30 November. Following the Royal Party’s return from Praslin, where they

met members of the local community and visited the Vallee de Mai, The Princess and Vice Admiral Laurence were accompanied

by Minister for Home Affairs, Environment and Transport Mr Joel Morgan and the British High Commissioner Mr Matthew Forbes, to the new purpose built hangar.

HONOUR “EU NAVFOR was very honoured to welcome Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal and Vice Admiral Laurence as part of their visit to Seychelles,” said Lieutenant Commander Richard Sturman. “Seychelles is one of our most important partners in the region and we’re proud of the work we’re doing together to fight against the piracy threat in the Indian Ocean. I am working hand to

RUBB EFASS SPECIFICATIONS • Span – 20.4m (66.9ft) • Length – 30m (98.4) • Leg height – 4.2m (13.8ft) • Overall height – 8.3m (27.2ft) • Door – Trident door x2 • Frame – Aluminium • Membrane – Insulated PVC • Electrics – Three Phase electrical kit and power distribution Please visit www.rubbmilitary.com for additional EFASS options and specifications. L FOR MORE INFORMATION Please contact marketing manager Clare Wilson on 0191 4822211, e-mail cwilson@rubb.com or visit www.rubbmilitary.com

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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Border Security

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

STANDARDISATION

INTELLIGENCE-LED BORDER MANAGEMENT Andrew Preistley, business development director at Arinc, looks at how intelligent-led border management is fundamental to fighting terrorism Every time there is an aviation-related terrorist incident – whether successful or not – it is airlines and airports that take the flak. Then come demands for tougher security measures, swiftly followed by passengers complaining of increasingly intrusive procedures.

Yet with equipment ranging from e-passports to full body scanners, we already have highly sophisticated methods of identifying and apprehending criminals.

To be really effective though, this cutting edge technology needs to be backed up by a system of international standardisation and collaboration that enables information to be shared – speedily, reliably and securely. In other words, intelligence-led border management that collects and processes information to all relevant national and international agencies, harmonising standards of identifying, verifying and authenticating passengers.

COMMON-LANGUAGE DATA SERVICE Technical problems created by the varying data sources and formats used by different agencies is cited as the main problem to such standardisation.

This is easily overcome by using ARINC’s Electronic Borders – a common-language immigration data service combining items such as interactive Advance Passenger Information System (iAPIS) with Passenger Name Records (PNR). Translating messages from disparate agencies and systems, it provides a unique screening solution that enables airlines to meet their legal obligations whilst maintaining passenger privacy. ARINC’s private, highly secure

little or no new system development, or even the modification of existing systems, provide a cost-effective solution.

The combined use of iAPIS and PNR allows security resources to be employed more effectively to target undesirables for screening whilst enabling faster processing of low-risk passengers. BCAs, law enforcement organisations and intelligence services get a valuable headstart on checking names against watch lists, highlighting suspect travel patterns, assessing potential risks and locating suspects.

SECURE DATA PROTECTION Data protection is a concern for many passengers, particularly where Advance Passenger Information (API) messages are transmitted by e-mail and over the internet. This is not an issue with a fullymanaged IP network like ARINC’s AviNet, which provides a level of reliability and end-to-end security that is absent from a public internet connection.

Airlines, too, have concerns regarding data collation. Those using legacy systems find government demands to extract data, particularly in the absence of standards harmonisation, can entail budget-breaking costs. With a long and successful track record in systems integration, ARINC recognises the need for software flexibility to accommodate varying border regime requirements.

BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY Complementing API and PNR is biometric technology, which helps prevent a range of criminal activities made possible with forged documents and stolen identities.

The combined use of iAPIS and PNR allows security resources to be employed more effectively to target undesirables for screening whilst enabling faster processing of low-risk passengers.

AviNet global communications network, with its 99.999 per cent availability, provides seamless, efficient and reliable communications between airlines and border control agencies (BCAs).

More and more governments require airlines to use iAPIS and impose hefty fines for those that fail to do so. Electronic borders, requiring

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DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE | Issue 2

ARINC’s fully-integrated Identity Management System (IdMS) is designed to be applicable in many critical settings and can collect, verify, and maintain biometric and biographical information – ensuring that biometric systems integrate with existing airline and airport processes – as well as supporting all phases of

the identity management lifecycle.

Over 80 per cent of passengers now use mobile devices, the internet and self-service kiosks to check in away from traditional, dedicated airport workstations. The downside is that passengers taking only hand luggage need have no interaction with the airline until they reach the gate.

Since the ability to track the progress of each passenger in the airport is crucial, this self-service travel has boosted demand for Passenger Reconciliation Systems (PRS) such as ARINC’s VeriPax, which is designed to maximise security checkpoint operations while optimising passenger flow.

VeriPax not only complements ARINC’s IdMS but also has links to watch lists, assisting government agencies responsible for border control. VeriPax validates the authenticity of barcodes on boarding passes using 2D scanners, automatically screens passengers against airline host systems in real time and determines clearance, providing audio and visual status alerts to agents when necessary.

INFORMATION SHARING IS CRITICAL Information sharing is a crucial element in the fight against terrorism and ARINC’s Multi-User System Environment (MUSE) family of passenger and flight information systems allows airlines to share vital passenger and baggage information in real time on high-speed multi-user networks.

Whether from off-site locations, CUSS kiosks or traditional check-in desks, airlines can access the information they need whenever they need it. Since each transaction – from ticketing and baggage handling to car rental and hotel reservations – can be processed over the common network, communications barriers are completely eliminated and security is enhanced We have the tools – what’s missing is international harmonisation of standards and reliable intelligence-sharing with every effort made to eliminate opportunities for human error.

Border control agencies must use all the available information at their disposal, including that which is in the public domain on personal websites, blogs and on social networking sites. Analysing and correctly interpreting this information is fundamental to intelligence-led border management. L FOR MORE INFORMATION www.arinc.com

ILLEGAL MIGRATION

SAFEGUARDING THE STABILITY OF SCHENGEN With political unrest in North Africa creating an uncertain future for its citizens, Chris Yates, principal, Yates Consulting, discusses cross border illegal migration, a major issue for Europe European Union (EU) interior ministers were expected to finalise border control rule changes for the 25 member state Schengen zone this month. The changes have been spurred by a massive influx of illegal migrants fleeing the turmoil that has engulfed parts of North Africa and are expected to allow member states within the passport free zone to reimpose border controls in unforeseen circumstances. These changes are needed since the member states are currently prevented from restricting borders, except if there’s a clear and present threat to public order.

The issue came to a head following the wave of civil unrest that swept through Tunisia and Egypt earlier in the year and has been compounded by the ongoing violent upheaval in Libya. Figures show that in the first five months of the year over 40,000 illegal migrants have crossed mostly into Italy and Malta and many have dispersed to other countries such as France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.

NECESSARY CHANGES EU Home Affairs Commissioner Cecilia Malmström has said the change of rules is necessary “to safeguard the stability of the Schengen area” given the exceptional pressure being experienced at EU external borders.

Individual member states have responsibility for securing their own external borders, but some are more effective at doing this than others.

Italy has been particularly ineffective in the face of the mass of humanity crossing to the safe haven of its shores. It has also been vilified for exporting the illegal migrants problem to its neighbours, after it handed out temporary visas to almost all, in the certain knowledge that with no border checks most would head elsewhere. This practice prompted an immediate war of words with France, which promptly acted to halt cross border trains and turn the migrants back.

Italy’s strategy in doing so has been to turn a national crisis into a regional crisis, requiring action on the part of all member states to come up with a solution. This may have backfired since the proposed rule changes seem designed merely to offer legality to one country’s decision to isolate another struggling to police its external borders.

The big idea solution appears to

be to shut the door and hope the problem goes away therefore.

BRUSSELS’ DILEMMA Brussels views a single currency and the free movement of people and goods as the two cornerstones of the European project.

Thus, when France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany merely hinted at unilaterally reintroducing border controls, the news sent shockwaves through the establishment.

Brussels quickly found extra money for Frontex, the woefully underfunded agency responsible for delivering a “rapid crisis response” capability on Europe’s external borders.

With technical assets consisting of a single aircraft and two vessels to patrol a vast portion of the Mediterranean, the agency launched ‘Operation Hermes’ at the end of February but didn’t get meagre additional air and sea patrol assets until the end of March.

Tunisia began to fall apart in December, Egypt followed suit shortly thereafter and Libya remains gripped in violent upheaval.

A two-month time lapse before first assets were put in place cannot be described as a rapid crisis response and may well have contributed to the illegal migration issue. These facts have not been lost on any of the member states directly impacted by the mass movement of people, hence they are demanding much greater control over their own internal borders.

Cecilia Malmström has been at pains to point out that secure borders does not mean that we are constructing fortress Europe.

“It must still be possible for people to seek international protection in the EU and we must also keep it open for the labour migration that we so desperately need,” she has insisted.

Member states continuing to grapple the fallout from the economic crisis and significant unemployment levels quite evidently feel otherwise.

CRISIS? WHAT CRISIS? The concept of open borders amongst friends is noble but ultimately unworkable without a commitment to properly funded and robust external border controls.

Even the casual observer of global affairs can recognise that when nations begin to fall apart, near neighbours had better have a plan to handle the likely fallout. Where that plan depends upon the capability of

Border Security

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the weakest neighbour in the chain, it is bound to fail at the first sign of crisis.

Europe is no stranger to illegal migration since it’s had notoriously porous external borders for longer than most people would care to remember. Until the current crisis emerged, Spain, Greece and Turkey were the hotspot initial destinations of choice for the migrants. One might assume that lessons had been learned and steps taken to bolster a response, but this has clearly been too big an ask for the establishment in Brussels.

Recently published figures reveal the overall extent of the North African migratory crisis in eye watering numbers. Two thirds of a million people have fled civil unrest in Tunisia and Egypt and violence in Libya.

With conflict in the latter country continuing unabated, it seems reasonable to assume that the crisis on Europe’s south facing borders is not over yet, despite North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military intervention. There’s also the issue of Syria on the near horizon.

As that country descends further and further into crisis, could we see similar movements of people, with some heading across the eastern borders into Europe? Time will tell. L

About Schengen The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 between five of the ten member states of the then European Economic Community. It was supplemented by the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement five years later and the two treaties combined created Europe’s borderless Schengen Area.

The agreement and convention lay out the framework necessary for the lifting of border controls between member states, including a common policy on the temporary entry of travellers, harmonisation of external border controls and cross border police and judicial cooperation.

Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany formed the Schengen zone at its inception. In the intervening years the zone has grown to incorporate 25 countries covering a population of over 400 million people.

Such growth has extended the Schengen zone external borders exponentially and created significant control issues not envisaged when the treaties were originally signed.

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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Events

THE BUSINESS MAGAZINE FOR DEFENCE

DSEi 2011

INFINITE OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED AT LEADING EVENT With the ever changing needs of the defence and security industry, DSEi is creating a range of new features to better enable you to meet with suppliers, showcase your products and see exciting new developments From 13 to 16 September, Defence & Security Equipment International (DSEi 2011) takes place at ExCeL in London’s Docklands.

The exhibition is well-known as a leading event for land, sea and air applications for the defence sector, but this year will include a much greater focus on security.

The borders between defence and security have become more and more blurred over the last five years and the show has seen an increasing participation from companies specialising in areas such as border security and national security; this has resulted in DSEi focusing more on these issues and nations’ responses to them.

Plans include a Security Showcase and Demonstration area hosting live scenario and product based demonstrations. This platform allows exhibitors to promote their technology

world today. Combating cyber warfare, for example, will be high up on the agenda here.

Western governments are taking threats in cyberspace very seriously and there are rising expectations that they will be able to build and sustain effective cyber defences.

E-CRIME Over the summer of 2010 the international news media picked up on a computer worm, known as Stuxnet, that had been attacking the computer systems controlling Iran’s controversial nuclear programme. The Stuxnet affair reinforced concern across the world that computer networks could be deliberately targeted to cause massive damage to societies that have come to rely on the internet and its associated technologies. These range from the simple infection of a business’s computers,

In addition to a high profile series of keynotes, an on-floor seminar series will include speakers covering the most pressing topics facing national security around the world today. and services to a highly targeted audience including security and military delegations.

From the security sector, leading specialist companies exhibiting at DSEi include G4S, Explora Security, Smiths Detection, Cristanini and Avon Protection. The latter specialises in the supply of advanced CBRN, hazmat and riot control respiratory solutions to the world’s military and security services. Silver Sponsor Chemring EOD will be running a thought leadership session at the event and leading security prime contractors including Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, Finmeccanica and Raytheon will also be exhibiting.

The US Department of Homeland Security is lending its weight to DSEi 2011 and will be giving a briefing on its latest national security requirements and technologies.

DEBATING TODAY’S SECURITY CHALLENGES In addition to a high profile series of keynotes, an on-floor seminar series will include speakers covering the most pressing topics facing national security around the

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to e-crime and e-espionage through to the disruption of the computers that control electricity power and other essential utilities.

Many governments have now moved to set up cyber operations centres to monitor, on a real-time basis, the operation of computer networks in their country. While in the past many countries were able to separate crucial military and national security networks from the mainstream civilian internet, the ubiquitous nature of the internet in the 21st century means that it is very difficult to separate out government and military networks from purely civilian networks.

For example, many of the cyber domains that the western armed forces use, run on commercial networks that reside in several countries so individual governments do not have a dominant say in the structure and operation of the internet anymore.

The view is also growing that the defence of civilian cyber resources and infrastructure is a proper role of governments, as part of its duty to protect their nation’s populations and economic interests.

VIP VISITORS DSEi 2011 will be looking to increase the number of international security delegations attending the show. The DSEi VIP engagement team is already working closely with the UKTI Defence & Security Organisation, which is extending invitations to national security/paramilitary forces and border security organisations, that will form top level international security delegations.

The last time that DSEi was held, in 2009, 70 official military delegations attended, from 49 countries. The organisers are hoping to increase this number for DSEi 2011 – again working with UKTI DSO. DSEi is also renowned for attracting senior military personnel outside the remit of the official delegations – and this programme of invitations has been expanded for this year.

Recognising that one of the main reasons Tier One and Tier Two suppliers, as well as SMEs, participate in DSEi is to meet and network with prime contractors, the DSEi VIP engagement team is also putting together Prime Contractor Industry Delegations.

While these prime contractor personnel – including purchasing directors, chiefs of engineering and heads of supply chains – traditionally attend DSEi anyway, this will be the first time that they will be involved in specifically programmed delegations.

NEW FEATURES DSEi is a major springboard for the introduction of cutting edge technology, as well as the equipment already being used in today’s operations. In 2009 there were 1,280 companies exhibiting from 40 countries and this included whole supply chains covering a variety of programmes.

Spanning the whole supply chain, the event brings together everyone from the largest prime contractors right down to the SMEs producing the smallest of electrical components, whose role, although small, is none the less vital in a programme’s performance. For this reason, DSEi 2011 will feature a dedicated electronics pavilion to provide specialist electronics companies with a powerful platform for presenting their products and services – to the benefit not only of visitors, but other exhibitors as well.

Drawing on the expertise of NEW Events – which organises the highly successful National Electronics Week – and supported by Intellect, E

E the DSEi Electronics Pavilion will allow electronics companies to exploit the potential of the defence and security market. The pavilion will act as a focus area for electronics companies of all sizes; it will include a lounge area for the use of all those exhibiting in the pavilion and will be designed to allow exhibitors an easy way to promote what can be complex products, many of which are too small to be viewed by the naked eye alone.

Leading international electronics players such as XJTAG, Vicor, Lauterbach, Humiseal and Phaedsys have already committed to exhibit.

UNMANNED SYSTEMS ON SHOW The Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) is supporting a new Robotics & Unmanned Systems Showcase this year. AUVSI, which is dedicated to advancing the technology of unmanned systems, is helping to create a dedicated area that will be used for live demonstrations of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the show.

A football pitch-sized area, located in one corner of the North Halls, has been set aside for the demonstration and viewing arena,

making it the largest showcase of this type of technology at an exhibition in the world.

NAVAL PROWESS DSEi continues its strong maritime focus.

Visiting ships provide a valuable platform for the demonstration of new systems and equipment, which visitors can inspect on specially conducted tours. The UK MOD is planning to allocate a modern Frigate or Destroyer and an Offshore Patrol Vessel to DSEi, and the Royal Netherlands Navy will be sending a vessel as well.

Waterborne demonstrations are always a highlight and for 2011 the plan is to further develop the waterside area alongside the venue to include a larger space for exhibitors to showcase their products. There will also be a larger grandstand viewing area to allow more visitors to watch at any one time.

Demonstrations will recreate possible naval operational scenarios allowing exhibitors to showcase a range of equipment, such as RIBs, pontoon equipment and offshore raiding craft.

The highly popular British Army Demonstration Area returns for DSEi 2011.

Showcasing some of the equipment used by the British Army, the area is organised and

Events

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staffed by members of the British Export Support Team, who are able to talk to visitors about the capabilities of the equipment on display. DSEi has also created a new Land Vehicle Park so that visitors can see some of the vehicles that are being used around the world by military and security forces.

IMPROVED VISITOR EXPERIENCE Since DSEi last took place the venue has expended in size so visitors will be able to access the exhibition from ExCeL’s East Entrance as well as the West. This, combined with an enhanced registration procedure, means that visitors will be able to access the exhibition floor with minimum delay.

All the major demonstrations are also being scheduled so the times do not clash with other feature areas, thus maximising audiences and improving the experience for all. The last DSEi attracted 25,000 visitors from 98 different countries; this year’s event is on course to beat both targets. L FOR MORE INFORMATION For the latest information on what is taking place at DSEi 2011 please visit www.dsei.co.uk

Issue 2 | DEFENCE BUSINESS MAGAZINE

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BIOLOGICAL & CHEMICAL DETECTION

CBRNE

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UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY PROENGIN biological and chemical detection for the field (and real life) Proengin has developed biological and chemical warfare agents field detectors using flame spectrophotometry. The wellknown and widely used AP2C has proven the capacity of that technology to be the most reliable on the field with the lowest false alarm rate and the simplest ease of use.

HANDHELD CHEMICAL DETECTOR AP4C New developments such as the AP4C have extended the capacity of that technology to include chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial material in a simultaneous mode. There is no limitation in number of gas detected by the AP4C. All nerve agents, all blister agents and all blood agents can be detected by AP4C within the requirements of response time and sensitivity of NATO recommendations.

The AP4C has extended the range of chemicals that can be detected by Proengin chemical detectors. All dangerous compounds containing Sulfur, Phosphorous, Arsenic and/ or HNO chemical bond can be detected in a simultaneous way. Of course, as the AP2C, the AP4C has the capacity to work in very severe environmental conditions (explosive areas) and the measurements are unaffected by high humidity levels or by the presence of other organic chemical compounds such as paint.

The AP4C technology allows the simultaneous detection of an unlimited number of gases and the identification of the chemical elements that constitute these chemicals. It is therefore possible to detect impure agents or chemicals manufactured by terrorists that would not fit into traditional libraries of other detectors. Moreover AP4C will detect without upgrade new agents that will be developed in the future, as well as still not precisely known agents like Novichok agents (or non traditional agents).

The response time is among the shortest on the market, but what makes the AP4C unique is the recovery time after a positive detection. The AP4C is therefore the chemical detector that has the highest level of availability of the field.

AP4C has been derived on other detectors, dedicated to the following uses: • use on reconnaissance vehicles and battle tanks • use aboard naval ships • use for critical buildings and areas protection AP4C-V FOR USE ON RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES AND BATTLE TANKS Based on the same detection technology and the same internal design, air entrance has been designed to face high wind: AP4C-V is able to take in representative sample of the

outside air, even with a direct cumulated wind and speed of 100 km/h. Data are shown on easy to understand control box or directly on the control computer of the vehicle.

Sensitivity, short time to answer, low false alarm rate and short recovery time are the same as for AP4C, making AP4C-V the perfect detector for all kinds of reconnaissance missions and battle field exploration.

AP4C-F FOR USE ABOARD NAVAL SHIPS At sea, ANEP-57 recommendations stipulate the availability of both fixed and mobile means of chemical detection. As AP4C is the perfect mobile chemical detector for contamination control, the use of AP4C-F provides the naval ships with reliable and efficient chemical detection.

This ruggedised detector shows the same detection performances as the AP4C, with two supplementary features. It produces its consumable gas by electrolysis, thus lightening daily maintenance, and more than an alarm, is able to trigger the ventilation of the vessels, thus protecting the citadel from the chemical danger. The AP4C-F is able to be operated on open deck, with the same performances.

AP4C-F FOR CRITICAL BUILDINGS AND AREAS PROTECTION National palaces, courts and parliaments are more and more equipped with fixed chemical detectors. AP4C-F, being able to be operated on naval citadels, is of course able to provide the same detection and protection on terra firma, for this kind of critical buildings.

BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DETECTION The MAB is a new generation of biological field detector. MAB has the unique capacity of detecting and categorising biological particles with a proven extremely low false alarm rate and the unique capacity to discriminate dangerous or suspicious biological particles such as Anthrax spores from natural background.

The very liable MAB has been designed to be mounted on track vehicles. It is insensitive to diesel exhausts.

As all Proengin products, and thanks to the flame spectrophotometry technology, MAB is able to run in very severe outside conditions, shows the lowest false alarm rates (negative and positive) and requires reduced maintenance. It shows such a high level of availability.

Government premises, courts and parliaments are also increasingly equipped with fixed chemical and biological detectors.

AP4C-FB combines both chemical detection as for the AP4C-F, and biological alarm as for the MAB. This detector may be associated with a radiological probe, featuring the all in one full CBRN detector. L

Images courtesy of JP. Lagiewski FOR MORE INFORMATION www.proengin.com

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Security is not just something we do at ARINC–it’s part of who we are For years, we’ve helped develop and implement solutions for commercial, government, and defense industries to help strengthen security around the globe.

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