Guildhall, York.
Jamie Aldus, Karly Chung, Laura Tsang, Chloe Burbridge
Site Location
Site Location Macro- World Map
United Kingdom in relation to the world.
Site Location Macro- United Kingdom
York is located in the North East region of England called Yorkshire and The Humber.
Site Location Meso- Yorkshire And The Humber
York is located within the Vale of York, a flat area of land bordering the Penines.
Site Location Meso- York
The site is situated along the river Ouse and is currently occupied by the Yorkboat company
Site Location Photograph of site
Site Location Photograph of Site
Roads and Usage
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
A64
The A64 is the largest road around York, it links the city with Leeds and Scarborough.
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
A64
A&B Roads
The roads A59, A1237, A1036, A166, A19, A1079, B1363, B1227 and B1224 link the A64 to York city centre and other routes.
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
A64
A&B Roads
Minor Roads
Minor roads connect the surrounding A and B roads to major housing, retail and industrial areas.
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
Site
Major Roads
Main roads leading from the A and B roads loop around York city centre.
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
Site
Major Roads
Minor Roads
Minor roads allow road access to York city centre.
Roads and Usage Major Roads in York
Site
Major Roads
Car Parks
Roads link to car parks around the city as most of the roads are designed for pedestrian use only.
Circulation
Circulation Pedestrian Routes
Site
Pedestrian Routes
Around the site there is a constant flow of pedestrian, however there is no public pedestrian route that leads into the site only run down alleyways with dead ends.
Circulation Cycle Routes
Site
Pedestrian Routes
There is not many designated cycle lanes around the site so during peak season there would be a conflict between pedestrians and cyclists on the pavement.
Circulation Access Nodes
Site
Direct Access Node
Potential Access Node
Path
There is no public access into the site as it is currently owned by Yorkboat ltd. There is only one main direct access to the site which is under the Lendal bridge (larger yellow dot). Others are potential access nodes and cannot reach the site currently
Circulation Access Nodes 1
2
3
4
5
6
3 2 4 1
5
6
1 and 2 are the only route which have direct access to the site. 3 to 6 are potential routes which could take one to the site. All these access nodes look very unwelcoming and worn which will discourage people to use it.
Circulation Connections to the City
Site
Train Station
Cliffords Tower
The Minster
Castle Museum
Walls
The site is situated in the centre of the main attractions in York. It is also a close distance from the railway station meaning that tourist coming on train is likely to travel past the site.
Circulation Boat Routes
Site
Train Station
Cliffords Tower
The Minster
Castle Museum
Walls
Yorkboat runs the main tourist boat tours along the river Ouse. The office currently occupy the site and the landings are close by which indicate that when tourist participate in the boat tour they are likely to travel past the site.
Public Transport
Public Transport Bus Routes
Overall network of bus routes within York. Most of the routes go through the Rail Station and Rougier Street.
Public Transport Park and Ride
Because York attracts many tourists the council has set up a Park and Ride system
Public Transport Bus Stops
Because the city has no Bus Station, Bus stops are placed closely together so travellers can interchange between services with ease.
Circulation Masterplan
Guildhall Masterplan Overview
Site
Extended Walkway
New Courtyard
Extended Path ‘The Esplanade’
New Footbridge
To maximise accessibility to the site we decided to open the connecting courtyards and open the space for potential attractions. Further We extended the access along the river so you can walk all along the riverfront uninterupted. Finally we proposed a new foot bridge which would allow people to cross the river safely and securely from the opposing river bank.
Guildhall Masterplan New Courtyard
Opening the space to create a new square in the city centre. Positives: Reduce Crime A new area to appreciate the river
Negatives: Removes the Boat Yard Exposed to wind
Guildhall Masterplan Original alleyways
Original alleyways
Site
Existing circulation
The alleys are connected to the main street behind the site with two of them leading to open courtyards. The alleys are dark and uninviting places and are mostly unused.
Guildhall Masterplan Crime Alley 1 Criminal damage and arson x1
Other theft x1 2
Alley 2 Anti social behaviour x3 6
Criminal damage and arson x1
Public disorder and weapons x1
Vehicle crime x1
As the alleys are mostly unused crimes are being committed in the courtyards at the end. If the alleys were used more frequently it would be less likely for crimes to happen.
Guildhall Masterplan Proposed changes
Removed walls
New walls
Changed to existing buildings
To make the alleys and courtyards more accessable, walls separating the end alley would be demolished, and a bin store added for the restaurant. Walls separating the forst two alleys from the site will be removed to create a new larger courtyeard next to the river. The ground floor of the building separating the second alley from the site will be knocked through to link the courtyards. Doing this will create better circulation to the site and reduce the crime in the area.
Guildhall Masterplan Final plan
New alley arrangement
Site
New archway
New circulation
All three alleys and courtyards are now linked giving better access to the site.
Guildhall Masterplan Extending the walkway
Positives: Experience the River Access to Site from downstream
Negatives: Walkway may interfere with existing context, for instace it may interfere with the Guildhall
Guildhall Masterplan Extending the walkway
To access the site from downstream currently you have to walk all the way around the shops
Guildhall Masterplan Extending the walkway
With a new walkway access runs the length of the river.
Guildhall Masterplan Extending the Esplanade
The purpose of extending ‘The Esplanade’ under Lendal Bridge through to the site allows for through access all along the river front. Positives: Negatives: Access from upstream Removes the Boat Yard Greater connectivity to the river Would need to be closed during flood Views underneath Lendal Bridge
Guildhall Masterplan Extending the Esplanade
Currently to gain access from the Esplanade you have to walk up and cross the Lendal Bridge junction
Present Day York Extending the Esplanade
With our new walkway that traverses under Lendal Bridge access has been improved.
Guildhall Masterplan New Foot Bridge
The new footbridge is inspired by the rolling bridge in London. It allows boats to pass whilst increasing access to site. Positives: Negatives: Access without using Lendal Bridge May cause congestion with boats and foot Greater connectivity traffic. Boats still have access
Guildhall Masterplan Routes to Site via Lendal Bridge
Currently foot traffic has to cross Lendal Bridge to gain access to the site
Guildhall Masterplan Routes to Site via the new Footbridge
With the new footbridge the site is more easier linked to the train station, bus stops and car parks.
Sunlight Analysis
Sunlight Analysis Equinox 0900hrs
At 0900hrs the site is overcast by the government offices.
Sunlight Analysis Equinox 1200hrs
As the site faces south west it gains the most sunlight during the afternoon, where there is no large buildings to overcast it.
Sunlight Analysis Equinox 1500hrs
The site still gains sunlight during the later parts of the afternoon due to it facing south west.
Sunlight Analysis Summer 0900hrs
At the summer solstice the site gains some sunlight but it is still overcast by the government office.
Sunlight Analysis Summer 1200hrs
In the afternoon the site has the most sunlight as the sun is high above.
Sunlight Analysis Summer 1500hrs
In the late afternoon the site gains the most sunlight too, due to the suns high position and the fact that the site faces the south west.
Sunlight Analysis Winter 0900hrs
The site is completely over casted on a winters morning, as the sun is low and the government offices block the sunlight.
Sunlight Analysis Winter 1200hrs
During the afternoon the site is somewhat receiving shadows from the Aviva building across the river, this is due to the suns lower position in the sky.
Sunlight Analysis Winter 1500hrs
At 1500hrs the site is plunged into darkness again as the sun is low in the sky and casting long shadows across the river.
Water
Water Major watercourses The River Foss
The River Ouse
This map highlights the main watercourses running through the York area, the largest being the River Ouse, this is the river flowing next to the site. The River Foss joins the ouse in the centre of York.
Water Watercourses detail
The two main brnches of the River Ouse pass through the centre of York. The river is mainly used by boats to give river tours.
Water Sewage
Streets containing drains leading to sewage pipes
The streets of York that are highlighted contain drainage pipes leading to the sewage lines under the city.
Water Surface water
Site
This map highlights all watercourses and surface water that is propne to flooding, York is a mostly flat area and as the soil is heavily clay based surface water does not drain quickly.
Climatic Conditions
Solar Macro- Average Sunlight Hours in the UK
Southern regions of the UK receive more hours of sunlight than the Northern regions.
Solar Meso- Average Sunlight Hours in Yorkshire
On average, the eastern part of Yorkshire receives more sunlight than the western part. York has a range of 1350-1450 hours of sunlight in a year.
Solar Annual Sunlight Hours in York
1 Hour 9 8
8
8
6
6
5
5
4 3
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
3
3
Nov
Dec
During the winter, there is on average 3 hours of sunlight per day in York, whereas in the summer there is 8-9 hours of sunlight.
Solar Average Maximum temperatures in York 27.2
23.2
2째C
24.0 22.1
18.0 17.0 14.6 17.0 11.9
8.4 6.5
7.0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
During the winter the maximum temperature is around 7째C whereas in the summer the highest temperature can reach up to 27째C.
Solar
Average minimum temperatures in York 2째C 2째C
12.4 11.0 9.2 8.1 6.3
2.3 1.0
1.2
Jan
Feb
6.0
3.1
2.7 1.0
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
The graph represents the average minimum temperature of York with the maximum temperature overlaying it. The average temperature drop is approximately 11째C.
Precipitation Macro- Average annual amount of rainfall in the UK
Western regions of the UK on average have more days of precipitation than the eastern region of the UK.
Precipitation Meso- Average annual amount of rainfall in Yorkshire
There is higher days of precipitation in the western part because of the Penines. York has a relatively low amount of precipitation of 700-900mm.
Precipitation Average amount of rainfall in York
10 mm
62
61 52
Feb
54
May
Jun
51
55
67
Sep
Oct
Nov
48
45
Jan
54
61 57
Mar
Apr
Jul
Aug
The days of rainfall is fairly constant throughout the year however it is slightly higher during the winter period.
Dec
Precipitation Predicted amount of rainfall in York in 2050 2050 predicition of rainfall (10mm) Current average of rainfall (10mm) 103.7 94.4 84.6 79.3
81.2
75.3 70.1
63.4 59.8 44.6
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
40.1
39.5
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
There is on average a 30% increase in rainfall during the winter and spring season but a decrease in rainfall during the summer which could imply there may be droughts in the summer and flooding in the winter.
Snowfall Macro- Average days of snowfall in the UK
There is a higher average os snowfall in the northern regions of the UK in comparison to the south, this is because of the topography of the land.
Snowfall Meso- Average days of snowfall in Yorkshire
York is located in the area with the least days of snowfall in comparison to the Penines which have a compartively higher amount of days.
Snowfall Average days of snowfall in York 1 day
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
The highest days of snowfall in York is from January to March with up to 11 days of snow on the ground.
Wind Macro- Mean wind speed in the UK
The mean wind speed is relatively higher in the western regions in particular the north west of Scotland, than the east and south parts of the UK.
Wind Meso- Mean wind speed in Yorkshire
The mean wind speed is higher on the West part of York where the Penines are located whereas in York it has a lower mean wind speed.
Wind Average Wind Speed in York 1 knots
10 9 8
Jan
9
10
10 9
9
9
Jul
Aug
9
9
8
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Sep
Oct
Nov
The wind throughout the year is fairly constant, with an average of 9 knots.
Dec
Wind Direction of the wind during Spring time
In March and May the wind is blowing predominantly from the west, whereas in April is it slightly more from the north West.
Wind Direction of the wind during Summer time
The wind blows predominantly from the south west which is into the site. However in June it also blows strongly from the south south east.
Wind Direction of the wind during Autumn time
The wind blows predominantly from the south south east however in September it is blowing from the west as well.
Wind Direction of the wind during Winter time
The wind blows predominantely from the north west which is away from the site. However during December it also blows from the west north west.
Wind Prevailing wind on the site
The prevailing wind is mainly from the South West. The wind blows over the buildings across the river and directly onto the site where there is no buildings blocking it.
Wind Topography affecting the wind
The buildings surrounding the River Ouse channel the wind upstream creating a stiff breeze on Lendal Bridge.
Flooding Flood defences
The main flood defences are built in areas where it has suffered severe flooding issues. The closest main flood defence is opposite the site.
Flooding Flooded areas
This map shows the area and the extent the flooding spreads to. The site is within the flooded area.
Flooding Areas that benefit from flood defences
As shown above the main flood defences are not very effective as there is a greater amount of areas that do not benefit from the defences.
Flooding Typical water height of the River Ouse
The typical river height ranges between 5.05 to 7.9 metres. The average river height is 5.6 metres.
Flooding Flooded height
The highest river level recorded so far is 10.3 metres. If this occurs again it will flood the entire site.
Figure Ground
Figure Ground Structure
An overview of the city’s structure, the lime green marks the site
Figure Ground Greenery
Areas of greenery within the centre of York.
Figure Ground Brownfields
There are only a couple of brownfield sites, one being our proposed site.
Figure Ground Geology Silty gravelly sand Gravelly sand Sandy gravelly clay Sandy clay Sand, silt, clay and gravel Gravelly clayey sand Silty clay Compressed silty clay Compressed sandy clay River Site
The geology of York is made up of a combination of sand, gravel, silt and clay.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Uses of buildings around the site
Yorkboat office Cafe
Lendal Bridge
Pizza Express
Yorkboat boatyard
offices
Yorkboat mooring spaces
Guildhall
All the buildings are built up and conceal the site within which makes it difficult for visitors to notice the site and access it.
Revolution bar and restaurant`
Pitcher and Piano bar and restaurant
City screen picturehouse
Offices
Further along the river front there are two bars/restaurants which dominate the river front. The buildings are built up more than the offices and a lot more bulky in form.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Catering
There are many cafes, restaurants and other catering related businesses around the site. Behind the boatyard there is a Pizza Express which overlooks and dominate the site.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Retail
The site is located on the edge of the main shopping area, therefore many locals and tourists will be travelling past the site.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Other Businesses
The site is currently owned by Yorkboat and the site looks over the river to the giant office block which belongs to Aviva.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Guildhall
Guildhall is one of the top tourist attractions in York and resides on the site. The architectural style stands out along the riverfront.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings External Spaces
The site is very enclosed and surrounded by buildings, however, there is vast external spaces around the site including the Museum bontanical garden across to the left of the site.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Constructions
Toward the right side of Lendal bridge, the area is very built up whereas on the left side there are vast botanical gardens and greeneries.
Uses of Surrounding Buildings Analysis of buildings
The size and shape of the windows vary between these buildings.
The buildings gradually becomes higher as one walks away from Lendal bridge. The window sizes also increase and become more regular in form. These buildings also look more contemporary in comparison.
Building Height Building Heights along the riverfront
9m
9m
8m
8m 6m 3m
6m
4m 2m
The building heights around the site are irregular. Some buildings appear higher due to the topography of the site.
Quality of Space
Quality of space Materials and construction
Most of the building surounding the site are of stone masonry construction, various types of stone have been used depending on the age of the building, the stone ranges from limestone to regular bricks.
Quality of space Aspect and orientation
N
The site is south west facing and is surrounded by buildings on the other three sides. Standing on the site facing south west you can see across the River Ouse to the Aviva building.
Quality of space Light, shading and shadow
The site, currently, can only be accessed buy a series of dark and narrow alleyways. The site itself is open and light.
Quality of space Texture
The different textures are created using different materials used to create the site, the weathering on each section has been affected by different lengths of time and material composition.
Quality of space Openings and enclosure
The buildings on the river front have many openings to allow light form the south into the rooms and allow people inside to have a view of the river. The only enclosed spaces on the site the alleys leading to the site.
Quality of space Landscape and topography
The landscape has few green spaces on the rivers edge. The land has a small incline with mostly clay soil.
Materiality
Materiality Materials around the site
There is only one structure built from wood in the surrounding area of the site
Materiality Materials around the site
Most of the older buildings such as the Guildhall and the Lendal Tower are made from Yorkstone
Materiality Materials around the site
Some buildings are built with a combination of Yorkstone and brick.
Materiality Materials around the site
The majority of the buildings around the site are built from brick masonary.
Materiality
Common building materials in York consist of clay bricks and york stone. Commerical buildings are usually a combination of both, while larger buildings such as the guild hall are built with Yorkstone.
Materiality Origin
Yorkstone is a type of sandstone specific to Yorkshire, however is mostly quarried in West Yorkshire. The first Yorkstone was quarried from Tadcaster. It’s hardwearing and durable due to the other minerals within.
Materiality Origin
Most of the quarries are located near Bradford.
History
History Build up of York Medieval and tudor civic and religious Medieval and Tudor shops and houses Georgian civic and religious Georgian shops and houses Victorian and Edwardian civic and religious Victorian and Edvardian housing 18th/19th century quayside and commercial 19th century railway development 20th/21st century development 19th/20th century shopping area Exsisting coversation area boundary
The city of York has many buildings and streets dating from differnt parts of history, the different architectural styles show the history of the city throughout York.
History Roman influence
Roman foundations
Viking roads
Medieval city walls
Georgian housing
Victorian railway
The original walls from the roman settlement are preserved under medieval foundations, the best example of this is behind the central library where the multangular tower and a section of wall 4m high show limestone blocks.
History Viking influence
Roman foundations
Viking roads
Medieval city walls
Georgian housing
Victorian railway
Viking roads have heavily influenced the layout of the modern roads in York, Vikings created new routes through the city to link their different settlements, removing the original roman roads.
History Medieval influence
Roman foundations
Viking roads
Medieval city walls
Georgian housing
Victorian railway
Medieval walls were built over the roman foundations and expanded to both sides of the river. The construction of major structures like York minster began.
History Georgian influence
Roman foundations
Viking roads
Medieval city walls
Georgian housing
Victorian railway
The Georgians introduced brick built buildings, major housing areas were built oudside the original city walls. Other areas were also demolished to make more space around York minster and market squares.
History Victorian influence
Roman foundations
Viking roads
Medieval city walls
Georgian housing
Victorian railway
With the invention of trains, the Victorians built a railway in York to link it better with London.
History Development of York, Pre-history and Roman
Clay soil
Roads
River
River
Forest
Walls
0
400 200
800 600
1200 1000
1600 1400
2000 1800
Early settlement was difficult in the vale of York due to poor farming, the poorly drained clay rich soil prevented crops from being gron easily. There is evidence of some early on higher ground near the vale where farming was easier. Romans settled in York from 43AD, by 71AD a fortress was established in a position to use the river Ouse as a defense
History Development of York, Viking and Medieval
Roads
River
Walls
0
400 200
800 600
1200 1000
1600 1400
2000 1800
Between the time the Romans left in 410AD and when the vikings arrived in 866AD not much is recorded, and it assumed that York was mostly unused. With the arrival of the Vikings trade was brought in through the River Ouse, many new roads were built which are still followed by modern roads today. After the battle of hastings William Of Normandy constructed two castles to defend the city. Medieval York saw the construction of a large stone wall to potect the city and the beginnin of the construction of York Minster.
History Development of York, Tudor and Georgian
Roads
River
Walls
0
400 200
800 600
1200 1000
1600 1400
2000 1800
During the Tudor Era Trade in York declined and many of the churches were removed. By 1660 York had recovered most of its trade and was expanding again. The shortage of timber brough in more brick built buildings during the Georgian era.
History Development of York, Victorian
0
400 200
800 600
1200 1000
1600 1400
2000 1800
A major developmen during the victorian era was the development of the train station. Between 1850 and 1890 the railway was expanded and a new station was built to accommodate the increase in trains.
History Development of York, 20th Century
0
400 200
800 600
1200 1000
1600 1400
2000 1800
During World War II York was heavily bombed, many important features of the city such as the guildhall, St Martin-le-Grand church were burnt out. The Bar convent collapsed, other areas like the air field and railway line and station were also targeted. Residential areas were also targeted by machine gun fire.
The Site
Plan of the Site
Scale at A3- 1:1250
Plan of the Site
Scale at A3- 1:500
Plan of the Site
Scale at A3- 1:200
Present Day York
Present Day York Residential
It appears that as York has grown the residential occupation of the city centre has withered and has gradually grown outwards from the centre.
Present Day York Retail
York has prospered within its walls as a retail centre with its links to the rail station, and we see the odd spoke stretching out of the centre which could be related to major routes. Further to the right we see larger retail parks have been built, this maybe an attempt to relive the amount of visitors to the centre.
Present Day York Industrial
Industry grew to the west where the railways are and to the east where the river is. However these areas around the river are being converted to residential accomodation as urbanisation is slowly growing.
Present Day York Civic
Civic appears to be more dispersed, which could be due to the fact that they do not need to be as centralised as retail.
Present Day York Monuments
York is a hstoric city and therefore some buildings have been preserved. However I have highlighted the York Wheel which has become a modern monument.
Present Day York Tourist
York has become quite the tourist town as its history draws in tourists, and we see some of the buildings highlighted in monuments are also tourist attractions.
Present Day York Religion
Around York there are many little churches which shows that York used to have a religious population. There is a high volume of churches within the city walls showing that this area used to have a high density of religious occupants.
Present Day York Compilation