the.puzzle PEM 504E - project II - assoc. prof. kaya meltem erdem janzekovic karmen, samadi mojtaba
table of content 01.01. site visit 01.02. imageability 01.03. landscape 01.04. space syntax 01.05. mapping 01.06. voids 01.07. concept 01.08. design
01.01. site visit It is our first time in Istanbul, not knowing what are we dealing with, therefore our first approach to the site happened within a psychological observation and first impressions. We decided to hunt and start with bigger voids. What is there, what happens there? We made operation of the site and divided the site into five areas, starting with the HALIÇ PROMENADE, which has the best transportational connection, if coming from the metro station. We see beautiful views, following large green areas, but with missing parts of greensward activities or chill areas, which for example function really well on the other side of the Haliç. Following the path of the remains of the old sea wall from the Roman times, we continue to the part of wide axis, coming to the huge sunken park space close to the mosque. It is the biggest greensward area possibility in the HOUSING BUBBLES and was actually serving as a cistern in the 5th century. Coming to the other side, we get absorbed by the AVENUE with lively and commercial ground floor plan for about two kilometres. We tried to mark the situation by labelling them with FUNCTIONAL for the ones that function really well, UPDATE for the ones that need some add up treatment and RE-USE or the ones that should be transformed completely. What appears to us after first observation can be divided into two sub-sections. Areas are either EXTROVERTED OR INTROVERTED and each of these and their possible problems require different approaches.
functional
update
re-use
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VOID.01 HALIÇ PROMENADE
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neglected housing
opening up of the waterway
opening up of the park
functioning infrastructure
abandoned historical place
attractive view from parking
empty green space
abandoned city wall
neglected space below
unattractive fence sight
attractive view from the wall
parking
VOID.02 PLAYGROUND HOLE
green vacant lot
playground in the hole
parking with mosque
shared garden
neglected housing complex
private garden
introverted park
neglected space below
unused garden
empty stairs
attractive view from the wall
vacant lot
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VOID.03 INFRASTRUCTURAL BELT
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unused green space
vacant lot
shortcut with a view
park with mosque complex
unattractive plaza
parking with mosque
structure on aqueduct
extroverted main street
bar under aqueduct
vacant lot on the street
the biggest green area
vacant lot on the street
VOID.04 HOUSING BUBBLE.01
vacant lot with a view
abandoned house
private terrace
parking on the ruins
green rooftop
vacant lot
narrow streets
sidewalk occupation
vacant lot
neglected space
corner interrogation
mixture of materials
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VOID.05 HOUSING BUBBLE.02
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private garden
vacant lot
updated stairs
unused green space
vacant lot
vacant lot with a view
possible green roof
neglected housing
unattractive plaza
vacant lot on the street
park in between
vacant lot with stairs update
CONNECT AND UPDATE THE EXISTING
REFRESHING BETWEEN THE MAIN ROADS
LEARNING BY OBSERVING
PLACES WITH THE “VIEW”
RE - USE OF THE VACANT LOTS
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01.02. imageability Imageability is that quality in a physical object which gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in any given observer. It is that SHAPE, COLOR, OR ARRANGEMENT which facilitates the making of vividly identified, powerfully structured, highly useful mental images of the environment. In other words, imageability is a measure of how easily a physical object, word, or environment will evoke a CLEAR MENTAL IMAGE in the mind of any person observing it. Lynch argues the five key elements that impact the imageability of a city: PATHS: channels in which people travel: streets, sidewalks, trails, canals, and railroads. EDGES: objects that form boundaries around space: walls, buildings, shoreline, curbstone, streets, and overpasses. DISTRICTS: medium to large areas where people can enter into and out of and have a common set of identifiable characteristics. NODES: large areas people can enter, that serve as the focus of the city, neighborhood, district, etc. LANDMARKS: memorable points or references people cannot enter into: signs, mountains, and public art.
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01.03. landscape Landscape is the PERCEIVED, DYNAMIC, AND HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT where spatial patterns are continuously interacting with processes. The mosaic and patch-corridor-matrix models are two of many models used to reduce landscape complexity for better understanding. They are popular in landscape ecology and based on an organism-centered perspective. THE MOSAIC MODEL classifies the continuous landscape into discrete thematic zones of land units. THE PATCH-CORRIDOR-MATRIX MODEL reduces the landscape from the perspective of a specific organism or species, patches being favorable habitat connected by corridors in an unsuitable matrix background. Two basic landscape characteristics- COMPOSITION AND CONFIGURATION- define the diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, and information content of landscape patterns. Geostatistics and landscape metrics are used to describe and quantify spatial characteristics, which can be related to ecological processes and functions
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01.04. space syntax Space syntax was pioneered in the 1970s by Professor Bill Hillier. Prof Julienne Hanson and colleagues at The Bartlett, University College London. Today, space syntax is used and developed in hundreds of universities and educational institutions as well as professional practices worldwide. Built on QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND GEOSPATIAL COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY, space syntax provides a set of theories and methods for the analysis of spatial configurations of all kinds and at all scales. It is is a science based, human-focused approach that investigates relationships between SPATIAL LAYOUT AND A RANGE OF SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA. These phenomena include matters of movement, awareness and interaction, density, land use, land value, urban growth, social differentiation, safety and crime distribution. The space syntax software automatically colors the DEGREE OF INTEGRATION for each axial line. The color range is from red (most integrated) through orange, yellow, and light blue, blue to pile (most segregated). The AXIAL MAP represents the most optimal line of sight passing through every accessible space in the London street network until accounting for all accessible spaces and then, measuring and graphically representing the spatial configuration of that network in terms of topological depth. Penn et al (1997) define the axial map as “the minimal set of axial lines such that the set taken together fully surveys the system and that every axial line that may connect two otherwise unconnected lines is included. 21
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housing bubble 01
infrastructural belt
connectivity index
integration index
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01.05. mapping After first analysis sessions, we decided to get more analytical and as if forgetting about the map, we put the COORDINATE SYSTEM on top of it, to have a numerical approach, trying to go from a MACRO TO MICRO scale really easily. First we focused primary on the HISTORICAL ANALYSIS, which was definitely influenced by the topographical position of the northern part of the Fatih. Through the analysis it was also very logical to see that the INTROVERTED spaces belong totally to the residential, with mainly educational buildings and that EXTROVERTED spaces belonge to more commercial spaces with religious buildings and other commercial activities. This explains also the positions and WIDENESS OF THE STREETS.
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palace cistern
walls of Theodosius II, 5AD
BL
ON
AE RN
HE
AC
ER
UT
DE
6th hill
5th hill Bayrampaşa stream
TEA PLA walls of Constantine, 4AD 4th hill
aqueduct of Valens, 4AD
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS 28
housing bubble 01
extroverted avenue
extroverted avenue
housing bubble 02
SPATIAL ANALYSIS 29
5AD Byzantine
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15AD Constantinople
21AD Istanbul
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VOIDS inert institutional greensward residual in-between blocked
GREEN MATRIX major minor
USAGES residential residential, abandoned ground floor residential, commercial ground floor commercial commercial, abandoned upper floor religion education abandoned reconstruction
STREETS ferry > 50 m, non pedestrian 30-40 m, pedestrian 10-20 m, pedestrian 7-10 m, pedestrian < 7 m, pedestrian bus/ tram station
TOPOGRAPHY 70 m
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0m
> 50 m, non pedestrian
30-40 m, pedestrian
10-20 m, pedestrian
7-10 m, pedestrian
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< 7 m, pedestrian
01.06. voids This project classifies urban voids into 6 different categories: INERT, INSTITUTIONAL, GREENSWARD, RESIDUAL, IN-BETWEEN and BLOCKED. The objective of this classification is to investigate these void’s advantages and disadvantages as each category beholds particular attributes. What makes each of these voids different than the other is being OPEN/CLOSED, THE TEMPORARINESS of their durability and their FILLINGS. For instance, inert voids refer to those that are open and semi-permanent and empty of any previous traces of ruination. On the other hand, residual voids although refer to as open and semi-permanent, they include debris or traces of previous structures. In the second step, after all the voids of the site are mapped and classified, they are considered independent variables, and five dependent variables are investigated accordingly. The dependent variables are: AREA, VEGETATION, PERMEABILITY, RUGGEDNESS AND ENCLOSURE. A quantitative correlation between these two sets of variables is done through a LIKERT SCALE rating to measure their potential. The result of this analysis shows that a closed parcel tends to be less vegetated or open voids are more permeable.
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Enclosure, Durability
Place
INERT 186 voids 2,7 ha
open, semipermanent
public transportation street sidewalks undeveloped vacant lots undefined shapes
INSTITUTIONAL 75 voids 4,5 ha
closed, permanent
courtyards/ vacant lots of schools, hospitals, mosques, public facilities
GREENSWARD 55 voids 9,6 ha
open, semipermanent
urban green spaces parks greensward areas courtyards of mosques
RESIDUAL 101 voids 2 ha
open, temporary
demolished buildings uncompleted projects vacant lots urban derelicts
IN-BETWEEN 58 voids 1,6 ha
closed, semipermanent
vacant lots restoration projects parking lots car wash
BLOCKED 266 voids 3,4 ha
closed, semipermanent
vacant lots old buildings closed facilities demolished buildings
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
inert institutional greensward residual
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in-between
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blocked
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VEGETATION 1 = nothing 2 = grass, shrubs, < 30% land covered 3 = bushes, trees, 30-50% land covered 4 = trees, rich vegetation, 50-80% land covered 5 = parks, > 80% land covered
PERMIABILITY 1 = full structure 2 = asphalt, concrete 3 = gravel 4 = mud 5 = green
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RUGGEDNESS 1 = full structure 2 = slope 3 = ruins 4 = fully vegetated 5 = fully flat
ENCLOSURE 1 = fully open 2 = one side closed 3 = two sides closed 4 = three sides closed 5 = fully closed
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01.07. concept Based on the analysis made in the project's urban-void mapping and evaluation process, the connection of the modern unused coastline of Balat-Fener with the dense inner-neighborhoods seemed significantly in demand for REHABILITATION. The off-shore area is highly viscous, and based on the historical research of the site, Balat and Fener used to be triumphant with an INTEGRATED SOCIETY. The central concept of this project is to provide facilities and possibilities for people to be engaged in COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES and bring the visitors there. The project focuses on two aspects: the first is improving the situation of the VACANT LANDS by assigning a design solution based on their specific characteristic using a coded decision tree. The second focus is REVITALIZING the hardly used coast connecting Fener to Balat. This aim is firstly achieved by blocking the SECONDARY STREET that connects Fener to Balat to have an integrated ECO-VILLIAGE that fosters various social and communal activities. Besides, the redesign of the coastline includes people’s engagement in gardening activities and pavilions for educating visitors.
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TIMELINE USAGES
HISTORICAL TRACES
URBAN PATTERN
VOID ANALYSIS
FIRST IMPRESSIONS 46
01.introverted area - analysis based on criteria - elimination of specific voids - social rehabilitation - green intervention - ecology intervention - design intervention - micro temporariness
01.extroverted area - learning by observing - update on missing criteria - integration based on users
03.connecting - connections - tradition - contemporary standars
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BALAT
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Fener – Balat area, located in the historical peninsula is surrounded by Golden Horn, transit road, and Byzantine city walls in the north. The area includes buildings made recently in the south, the Greek Orthodox patriarch, and other important monuments of the historical peninsula such as the Bulgarian church in the east and other historical mosques or churches in the west. Fener is connected to Balat in a continuous coastline by the Golden Horne. However, this connection has not received the attention it should. Shoreline lacks myriads of facilities in terms of leisure, economics, transportation, walking and etc.
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market revival
garden revival
playground revival
water revival
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THE HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCA STOOD AS THE RESULT OF A HIST AND NATURAL VALUES AND ATTR NOTION OF “HISTORIC CENTRE” O BROADER URBAN CONTEXT AND
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APE IS THE URBAN AREA UNDERTORICAL LAYERING OF CULTURAL RIBUTES, EXTENDING BEYOND THE OR “ENSEMBLE” TO INCLUDE THE D ITS GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING.
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01.07 - design The design process of this project treats two sets of urban voids. First the INTROVERTED VOIDS inside the district of Fener-Balat and second, the REHABILITATION OF EXTROVERTED URBAN VOID of the coast connecting Fener to Balat. The overall aim of the project is to make a CONNECTION between the shoreline and the dense district. The program of the design includes an ECO-VILLAGE MUSEUM where residents participate in various activities located on the coast. Besides these activities continue to the open voids inside the Balat district. The visitors can make a visit to specified locations using the BALAT MOBILE APP. The application includes the historical information and also the location of rehabilitated voids where the community actively works on the food-production fields and community gardens.
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TRANSITIONAL AREA: streets with empty green area GOAL: green streets and revival of the empty green areas with more greenery, sitting areas and social activities
INTROVERTED AREA: BALAT HOUSING BUBBLES unused voids with different qualities GOAL: defined voids with proper approach, educational eco and historical path using mobile app
EXTROVERTED AREA: BALAT HALIÇ PROMENADE lack of social integrity and relaxing spots with Galata view GOAL: educational public area with focus on social integration, ecology and history
INTROVERTED AREA: DECISION TREE METHOD A systematic approach for treating each parcel is required because every void beholds a unique identity. This identity is understood in terms of total area, permeability, ruggedness, and enclosure. The decision tree first analyses the current vegetation condition of the parcel. Then, based on their accessibility, these voids are classified into open and closed voids. For open voids (Inert, Greensward, Residual), the rating of the Likert scale is considered. First, permeability plays an important role. And each rating is treated with different steps. Ruggedness, enclosure, and area play catalysts in the decision-making process. Finally, each parcel’s treatment receives one or more of the design-rehabilitation toolkit.
VOID ACCESSIBILITY
OPEN
CLOSED
TYPE OF VOID
TYPE OF VOID
INERT
INSTITUTIONAL
RESIDUAL
FLOATING
GREENSWARD
BLOCKED
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01. green paths
02. forest cooling
03. community gardens
04. vegetation on a slope
05. social hubs
06. renting production fields
07. opening up existing roots
08. roof gardens
09. building adaptation
10. new permeable surface
11. vegetation on ruins
12. upgrade civic 57
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COASTAL RE-DESIGN
EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURAL BALAT-FENER SITUATION.
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REMOVING PART OF THE ONE WAY STREET AND JOINING IT WITH THE OTHER ONE WAY STREET, MAKING IT A TWO WAY STREET.
EXTENDING THE UNUSED GREEN SPACE TO THE SHORE.
ECO VILLAGE WITH NEW GREEN SPOTS AND RECONNECTION WITH THE BALAT-FENER POPULATION GETS ALIVE!
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1:1000
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bus/ tram station with updated green roofs
1 = fener ferry station 2 = updated sitting deck at the coastline 3 = info pavilion of eco village with cafe 4 = beginning of the green void route of balat 5 = plants pavilion 6 = library pavilion in connection to the existing library 7 = art pavilion in connection to the existing art gallery 8 = coffee work lab 9 = existing church 10 = hydroponic gardens and educational path 11 = updated green areas with trees 12 = coffee work lab 13 = water pavilion 14 = animals pavilion 15 = educational forest 16 = community gardening 17 = architectural pavilion in connection to the historical ruins 18 = library pavilion in connection to the existing museum 19 = materials pavilion 20 = end of the green void route of balat 21 = existing mosque 22 =parking lot turned into multipurpose green surface 23 = sports field with children playground 24 = balat ferry station 25 = updated green areas with trees
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dated an-void
Sidewalk
Existing trees
+0.60
+0.10
Art gallery
Sitting area
Grassland
Sitting area
Church
Existing trees
compressed permeable concrete
Stepping stones
Grassland
+0.15
Open-Exhibition area
+0.10
Ice cream buffet
Existing trees
Art pavilion
Coffee-work lab
+0.10
+0.60
Sitting area
compressed permeable concrete
+0.50
+1.00
+0.10
+0.50
+0.10
+0.75
+1.25
+1.00
+0.10
+0.10
+0.10
+0.50
+0.75
sidewalk
Botanic garden
+0.50
+0.75
View-capturing walking-sitting area +1.50
+0.75
+0.50
Hydroponic water pockets
-0.60
Hydroponic plants
sitting-walking deck
Hydroponic plants
-0.60
Hydroponic water pockets
-0.60
Hydroponic plants
Hydroponic water pockets
-0.60
Hydroponic plants
dated an-void
Sidewalk
Updated urban-void
Sidewalk
Street
0.00
1
Library
Existing trees
Grassland
+0.10
Concrete sidewalk
+0.60
Botanic garden
+0.60
Sitting area
+0.10
Existing trees
+0.10
+0.60
Sitting area
compressed permeable concrete
Plants pavilion
Eco-Library
compressed permeable concrete
compressed permeable concrete
-0.10
Stepping stones
Botanic garden
+0.60
-0.15
Grassland
Botanic garden
Playground
-0.05
+0.60
Tram-line
Concrete sidewalk
Grassland
Concrete sidewalk
+0.60
Infocenter cafe
Grassland
+0.10
-0.60
Sitting area
+0.10
Compressed permeable concrete
Sitting area
Grassland
Hydroponic water pockets
Hydroponic plants
Hydroponic water pockets
Hydroponic plants
-0.60
1:200
Conc side
sitting-walking deck
ENDEMIC PLANTS CATALOGUE plant name
shape
leaf
length / diameter
01. nerium oelander
round, vertical, V shape
evergreen
5,5-6m / 2,5-3m
02. cercis siliquastrum L
round, vertical, scattered
deciduous
4-5m / 7-8m
03. pittosporum tobira thunb
round, messy
evergreen
3-4,5m/ 3-4,5m
04. platanus orientalis L
vertical, V shape, diffused
deciduous
25-30m/ 25-28m
05. euonymus japonica “aurea”
round, oval
evergreen
2,5-4m/ 2,5-4m
06. delphinium elatum L
vertical, messy
deciduous
0,5-1,5m/ 0,5-1,5m
07. althaea rosea
V shape
deciduous
3,5-4m/ 3-3,5m
08. bauhinia variegata “candida”
triangle, vertical, V shape
deciduous
5,5-6m/ 2.5-3m
09. begonia semperflorens
round
evergreen
0,2-0,4m/ 0,2-0,4m
10. bellis perennis L
round, vertical
evergreen
0,1-0,2m/ 0,1-0,2m
11. betula pendula
pendent, vertical
deciduous
15-18m/ 8-10m
12. celtis australis
round, horizontal, scattered horizontal, messy
deciduous
10-12m/ 10-12m
evergreen
0,4-05,m/ 0,5-0,8m
14. dianthus barbatus L
round
deciduous
0,2-0,3m/ 0,2-0,3m
15. erica carnea L
messy
evergreen
0,8-1m/ 0,8-1m
16. festuca ovina L
round, V shape
evergreen
0,2-0,3m/ 0,4-0,5m
17. fraxinus excelsior L
round, vertical, scattered
deciduous
18-24m/ 20-22m
18. rosa foetida herm
round, pendent, V shape
deciduous
2,3-3m/ 2.5-3m
19. lavandula angustifolia mill
horizontal, V shape
evergreen
0,8-1,2m/ 0,8-1,2m
20. calendula officinalis L
V shape
evergreen
0,2-0,4m/ 0,2-0,4m
21. lonicera japonica L
horizontal, vertical, scattered
deciduous
5-5,5m/ 5-5,5m
22. ables nordmanniana spach
triangle
evergreen
30-40m/ 5-15m
23. taxus baccata L
round, triangle
evergreen
10-20m/ 8-10m
13. cistus cretecus L
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