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1
2
introduction
strategy
_4 _5 _6 _8 _9
key values _10 for who do we densify? _11 toolkit _12 urban morphology structure _13 densification methodology _14
dense, denser, densest the challenge the back to back now potentials vision statement
3 proposal
4 public space design
access/ ecological network _15 design methodology _24 masterplan & methodology _16 material & design inspirations _25 program_interventions _18 masterplan _26 3d overview _19 sections & axonometric sections _28 building typologies _20 key moments _34 public space typologies _21 reflection_36 environmental impact _22 references _37
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_dense, denser, densest !
density noun UK dictionary / den.SI.ti the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the place density noun US dictionary / den.SI.ti the quality of being close together and difficult to go or see through
definitions by the Cambridge Dictionary
This past quarter we have been introduced to the concept of urban densification while given the task to develop a densification strategy for the city of Delft, having in mind the need for meeting certain sustainability criteria. The aspect of density is crucial when thinking of the built environment and is, in fact, one of the most common observations of citizens or visitors when they are getiing acquainted with a new city. So, one has to think of, how much dense is too dense ? What does different scales of density feel like for the human beings surrounding them ? Speaking of density, the majority of people associates it with negativity and brings images of Hong Kong or even the Kowloon walled city, where there were severe manifestations of unhealthy living conditions and criminal activities But perhaps we must change our perception aroung this matter and begin to envision dense urban environments as incubators of liveliness and interaction. When deaing with these issues we must realise the possibility (and the stuggle) of increasing the number of housing, and yet, preserving some, much needed, natural elements that are fundamental for one’s well-being. Much like manipulating nature to produce manmade cubic watermelons, for instance, instead of the conventional natural ones, we are now facing an urban environment that is largely manmade and has to be further manipulated and highly efficient so as to fulfill its residents’ needs and desires.
diagrams by the author
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_the challenge
diagram by Miriam van Eck
The Netherlands after facing a decline in the housing market over the years 2009-2016 is currently experiencing an upswing in its economy and is in high demand of new houses. Researches from various Dutch policymakers clearly state the need for building up to one million homes until 2035. After the introduction of the VINEX programme in the ‘90s, an attempt to expand cities, the authorities now opt for a different strategy that would preserve the open landscapes in between cities as much as possible. For this reason, the focus of designers has now been shifted to planning within the existing urban environments, resulting in denser districts. The city of Delft holds an important place in the Randstad, even though its small scale, due to its historical significance and the presence of the TU. The Municipality has been assigned by the Province of Zuid-Holland to create up to 15.00 housing units. This immense number of houses has to be distributed in the city context, excluding the main old city core from it. The TU campus offers a unique chance for this development. The ownership issues that have holded the city from taking advantage of this area are now hypothetically overcomed and the given scenario is to explore the functional relations of the campus with the rest of the city, in an attempt to make an attractive and competitive environment that would inspire people, not only to study here, but also to stay and build their lives.
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_the back to back now
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The area that our group chose to work on for this project is the one called “Back to Back�, due to its two strong defining borders, the Mekelpark and the Schie river. The interesting aspect of it, is the fact that it is not only consisting of educational facilities, but also some student housing complexes, a lot of industrial territories and even a power plant. This variety of functions is spread without a certain planning system, and the most discouraging fact is that the view to the river is almost completely lost when walking from the main campus. Bike routes seem to end up nowhere, industrial buildings are mostly closed and seem to have no character whatsoever and all of the natural elements of a waterfront are left to luck.
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_potentials
380 bikes today
Back to Back Area Education Industrial - Technique Housing Culture Sports Current bike and path connections Develop horizontal bike and path connections Current public transport connections New potential connections Strategic areas to reinforce access public transport . bike parks . charging stations
Charging stations Densification Schie Area
80 bikes today - need more : 5 min to reach south of area
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_vision statement
diagram by the author
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strategy_key values what this project wants to achieve
SCULPTED FACADES
WATERSIDE LIVING
URBAN FARMING
SLOW TRAFFIC CONNECTIONS
MIXED/DIVERSE POPULATION
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK
diagrams by the author
projection map from SUET course, groupwork, map by Celeste Richard
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strategy_for who do we densify ? user groups and their needs diagram by the author
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strategy_toolkit establishing a toolkit in the initial phase helped us define the different types of programs and densities that will occupy the Back to back area.
Program distribution
Housing typologies per user group
single students/ young professionals/ enterpreneurs
young couples/ single parent 1 child
families / elderly couples/ communal living 4 ppl
COMPOSITION housing
COMMUNAL LIVING
student housing semi - independent care institution
FAMILIES
single parent 1< children below 12 single parent 1< children below 12 + 1< teenager two parents 1< children below 12 two parents 1< children below 12 + 1< teenager composed family young (potentially wanting a family) middleaged (children out of the house or never had) elderly
park retail work housing culture
COUPLES
housing care mobility
SINGLES
students young professionals opted single diagrams by the author, composition layout by Miriam van Eck widowed _11
strategy_urban structure morphology
historic map of the city of Delft, 1900.
Old city of Delft and polder structure. diagram by the author
diagram by Celeste Richard
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strategy_densification methodology
Grasshopper model by Miriam van Eck initial mass model HYPOTHETICALS :
Research found in Woonvisie Delft. Only 23 percent of TU Delft students stay in the city after their graduation.
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3
39.960m2 * 1,7 BVO = 67.930
67.710 m2 * 1.7 BVO = 113.390m2
135.420 m2 * 1.7 BVO = 230.219m2
23% of students currently housed in the back to back area stay in the area
48% of students currently housed in the back to back area stay in the area (similar to the Amsterdam percentage).
48% of students currently housed in the back to back area stay in the area plus an influx of students, young professionals and eldery from across the country.
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proposal ACCESS NETWORK
ECOLOGICAL NETWORK
groupwork, diagram by the author
groupwork, diagram by Miriam van Eck.
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masterplan design and methodology
diagrams by Miriam van Eck
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groupwork, design by Celeste Richard
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program_ interventions l ntia
ide Res
Mixed housing complex
Park
Family Apartments Maisonettes Boat club
cial mer s m o C ice Serv
family maisonettes surrounded by sufficient green spaces near the riverside diagram by Miriam van Eck
o k Pr
Dec
de
na me
Cafes
l ntia
Food market Mixed housing
ide Res
Retail / Services
ces
Offi
l ntia
ide Res
Park
Mixed Housing Complex
nity mu Com rdens Ga
breaking up the EWI buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 100m facade in order to improve the airflow around it, while preserving the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s symbolic character to the TU. diagram made by the author
l ntia
ide Res
line
ore
l Sh ura Nat
introducing urban farming activities in an elderly housing community as a means to promote bonds between the residents and engage them in interesting activities. diagram by the author
r neu pre e r t s En Hub ural s Cult space g n i rk Wo
Mixed Housing Complex
rly Elde
Bike Park
e Car
ilit Mob
b
y Hu
Charging Stations Car Park
groupwork, diagram by Celeste Richard
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3d overview distribution of the green network
groupwork, diagram by the author
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building typologies
groupwork, diagram by Miriam van Eck
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public space typologies
groupwork, diagram by the author
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environmental impact ENVIMET ANALYSIS
Wind analysis- Existing condition
Wind analysis- Proposal
PET analysis- Existing condition
PET analysis- Proposal
Area of environmental analysis
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SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS
SUN STUDY
The new bridge has a high betweeness value, meaning it would have a high usability for quick everyday routes. 8 a.m.
12a.m.
2a.m.
4 p.m.
6p..m.
8p..m.
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public space design design methodology selected area De Nieuwe Haven
The selected area for the detailed public design is the one near De Nieuwe Haven port, an area described the strategy phase as a mixture of commercial and housing development.
The concept of dividing the Back to back area in stripes is explored further into the detailed public space design. The area is covered in a fluid porous concrete floor which is produced by recycled demolition waste and glass bottles and is further divided into a grid of marble stripes that are 80cm wide. The grid is dictated by the desired movements between the buildings so as to signal zones of staying or moving. The denser the repetition of the grid, the faster rhythm it gives to the passersby. The emerged in-between surfaces are explored in various ways that can be peeled off or twisted so as to reveal new elements, such as vegetations or street furniture.
Prioritizing the grid. _23
material and design inspirations
Design elements can have a sculptural aspect. Athensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; bench a peel by Macarena Banuelos
The main inspiration for the material palette has been the industrial aesthetic that is now present in the area. Companies and factories use these kind of constructions for storage and transportation purposes. Image of containers in the Rotterdam port.
Street furniture can be folded in inspiring ways that serve the human body better. Design and diagram by the author.
The containers can be reused as canteens for coffee and street food.
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masterplan_ ground floor
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bangkirai deck
mobility analysis
hydrophilic plants
public space system program distribution crushed shells-soft paving material
concrete folding benches
active facades/ points of interest _26
sections/axonometric sections
Communal green roofs serve as a way of treating the UHI effect while at the same time enhancing the relationships of the residents serving as places of interaction.
Inner courtyard of the retail-housing complex. The floor is slightly sunken in some zones with steps surrounding them, in an attempt to create a feeling of enclosure for passersby. This courtyard also functions as a watersquare, concetrating rainwater and pouring it through stainless steel gutters into the bassings.
SECTION D-D 1:200
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The stalls of the market consist of light semi-permanent wooden constructions that can be retrieved after the functioning hours of the market so that the space after the steady metal roof is appropriated by the nearby residents in other ways, e.g. for exercise during the evenings.
The zones inf front of the shops offer places to sit and rest after hours of walking around.
The reused containers function as cafes, bars or restaurants for healthy fast food and offer both a seating area viweing the river and a take-away side for students or other residents or employees during their lunch time.
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Water square function Reference from Water Square Benthemplein by Urbanisten
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Retail plinth principles
invite street art expression
differentiate entrances every few meters/ avoid a long continuous facade
include active features
SECTION C-C
create a comfortable waiting place
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porous asphalt section
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SECTION B-B
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key moment general promenade view
key plan
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retail-housing complex and open market interaction
key plan
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reflection Assessment on the individual project
The TU Delft campus offers a unique mixture of urban qualities within its context and so, designing a densification project for this area has been an inspiring and exciting challenge. â&#x20AC;&#x153;De Nieuwe Havenâ&#x20AC;? district in particular, has been the most interesting spot for me from the beginning due to its nice views to the water and the feeling of a port area seems the most ideal place for attracting human activity. Developing an urban identity of a waterside living area is the number one task here. In my point of view, commercial activities can serve as an important activator of human behavior and is one of the main reasons for everyday routes for almost everyone. This whole individual project is about the coexistence of a different range of people that would reside in this area and would fulfill their everyday needs and those who would move across the campus throughout their day for educational/ professional reasons or for simply enjoying a waterside environment. To ensure that this living environment would be friendly and exciting to be in, but also in order to tackle the environmental threats that todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cities are facing, we had to take into consideration various concepts of sustainability, and in the end to assess ourselves based on some specific criteria. This very last aspect of the course has been extremely difficult to fully comprehend and apply in this intensive six weeks course. I still have some critical thinking as to how one person can approach all these aspects all by themselves, while assessing their own project, but hopefully this will give me new ideas and reflections in my future attempts of providing humans with more suitable living environments.
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references - WHY DENSITY? Debunking The Myth of The Cubic Watermelon, a+t Research Group, a+t publishers - The City at Eye Level, Editors Hans Karssenberg, Jeroen Laven, Meredith Glaser & Mattijs van â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;t Hoff, Eburon Academic Publishers. Delft, the Netherlands, 2016 - Examples of cooler reflective streets for urban heat-island mitigation : Portland cement concrete and chip seals, Pomerantz, M.Akbari, H.Chang, S.-C.Levinson, R.Pon, B., Berkeley Lab, 2003 - https://www.industrialurbanism.com
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Delft january 2021
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