QS Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 by KathleenRayfield

www.TopUniversities.com

TOP GRAD SCHOOL GUIDE 2015/2016

Top Grad S chool Guide 2015/2016

A world of opportunity The essential guide to your Masters and PhD studies

WORLD GRAD SCHOOL TOUR TM

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Don’t just

come to GW for our

Graduate Programs.

Join us for the

People

And

Ideas.

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY has been in the heart of the U.S. capital for almost 200 years, blending theory with practice to transform ideas into action. GW’s faculty and students address social, economic, political, and technological issues, drawing upon the university’s location, partnerships, and resources found exclusively in the nation’s most influential city.

GRADUATE PROGRAMS AT GW Arts & Humanities Business & Management Computer Science Education Engineering Health Sciences International Affairs Law Medicine Nursing Professional Studies Public Health Public Policy & Administration Science & Technology Social Sciences

Visit: go.gwu.edu/gradinfo The George Washington University does not unlawfully discriminate in its admissions programs against any person based on that person’s race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity or expression

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

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Contents

Features

Editor – Laura Bridgestock, Contributors – Joseph Birdsey, Tim Dhoul, Hasna Haidar, Mansoor Iqbal, Vyara Pancheva, Victoria Philpott, Laura Tucker

06 Prepare for the QS World Grad School Tour Get the most from your day at the fair. 09 How to Make Your Masters Count Simple steps to maximize your return on investment. 13 Careers for the Next Generation Five of the fastest-growing sectors for graduates. 17 Post PhD Careers: Beyond Academia Find out where else your PhD could take you. 20 Pedagogical Innovation in Higher Education What will the future of university teaching look like?

27 The World’s Top Student Cities Top 10 cities for international students. 32 QS Scholarships Explore our range of graduate scholarships. 37 International Applications Timeline Make sure you’re on schedule to study abroad. 41 Graduate Admission Tests at a Glance Prepare to ace those essential exams. 47 Guide to Funding Your Graduate Studies Funding opportunities around the world.

Project Managers – Katerina Koderova & Barbara Etzi

Production & Design Manager Kathleen Rayfield

Country Guides Sales Team Commercial Director – Peter MacDonald Head of Sales – Nicolas Cletz

Publisher QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd, 1 Tranley Mews, Fleet Road, London, NW3 2DG, UK Tel + 44 (0)20 7284 7200 Fax + 44 (0)20 7284 7201

Practical information on studying a master’s or PhD in a selection of the world’s most popular study destinations. 52 United States 56 United Kingdom 60 Germany 63 France

66 Canada 70 Australia 74 New Zealand

Subject Guides Delve deeper into your chosen subject of study, with our guides to course types, specializations and career prospects.

www.TopUniversities.com

QS accepts no legal responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise of submissions. The editorial team try to ensure that all contributions are correct at time of publication. The entire contents of this publication is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission from the publisher. Illustrations © freepix.com

82 Business & Management 85 Engineering 91 Computer Science 95 Law

100 International Relations 105 Accounting & Finance 109 Economics

Institution Profiles 115 - 126

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Masters courses in management for technology-led University of Warwick industries

WMG Masters’ Programmes in Management WMG at the University of Warwick is globally recognised for its cutting-edge research and WMG at the University of Warwick is globallyeducation programme. For a qualification that grabs employers’

recognised for its cutting-edge research and

education Studying atprogramme. WMG has been a truly enriching experience. The way the course is taught inspires you to challenge your ideas and explore new concepts. It covers exactly what is required to succeed in industry – I feel really confident going forward.

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Cybersecurity and Management ■ MSc Supply Chain and Logistics Management E-Business Management Engineering Management ■ Business MSc Service Management and Design Enterprise Integration Management ■ MSc Programme and Project Management International Technology Management Management for Business Excellence ■ MSc Manufacturing Systems Engineering Manufacturing Systems Engineering Process Business ■ MScManagement Management for Business Excellence Programme & Project Management ■ MSc International Technology Management Supply Chain & Logistics Management

■ MSc International Trade, Strategy and Operations Academic ■ & Research Excellenceand – The University MSc Innovation Entrepreneurship of Warwick is a top ranking UK University (No 3 in ■ MSc Engineering Business Management the Guardian University Guide 2011; No 6 in the Times Good University Guide 2010) and enjoys a world-wide ■ MSc e-Business Management reputation for excellence.

■ MSc Cyber Security and Management

WMG’s unprecedented links with industry draw ■ MSc real-world insight into our teaching.Automotive Engineering Sustainable Combination business and technical subjects ■ of MSc Healthcare Operational Management enables a real understanding of how global industries operate.

Academic and Research Excellence – Warwick is

Karol Villamil

MSc Process Business Management 2010

Small teaching groups with a focus consistently ranked ason a collaborative ‘top 10’ UK university and activities, projects and case studies provide you with enjoys a world-wide reputation for excellence. the tools for success in business and management.

WMG’s unprecedented links with Vibrant campus environment with excellent sports,industry draw real-world insight into our teaching. entertainment and social facilities make the University “Studying at WMG is far more than academic study. of Warwick a place you will never forget.

aspect of theforcourse relevant to industry. PleaseEvery explore our website furtherisinformation:

Experts from businesses help to bring everything www.warwick.ac.uk/go/wmgmasters

you learn to life through simulations and case studies. WMG works in partnership with a number +44 (0)24 7652 3691 of leading organisations.” or contact us:

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Jou Chean Ng, MSc Engineering Business Management Graduate WMG Scholarships and Bursaries Receive up to 50% tuition fee discount.

Combination of business and technical subjects enables a real understanding of how global industries operate. Small teaching groups with a focus on collaborative activities, projects and case studies provide you with the tools for success in business and management. Vibrant campus environment with excellent sports, entertainment and social facilities make the University of Warwick a place you will never forget.

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1 year Master’s starts October. Please contact us for more information: e wmgmasters@warwick.ac.uk w www.warwick.ac.uk/go/wmgmasters

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Editor’s Letter

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Welcome to the QS Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 The QS Top Grad School Guide is our annual guide to all things grad schoolrelated, especially for international students. Inside you’ll find a selection of articles and advice to take you through the full grad school journey – from the applications process and standardized tests, to finding funding and settling in to your new location. We know that career prospects are close to the top of most students’ priority lists, so we’ve made employability a strong focus throughout the guide. As well as information about career options in specific locations and academic fields, you’ll also find a series of articles exploring future growth areas for graduates and advice on how to get maximum value from your studies.

We’d love to hear from you about your own experiences of applying for a master’s or PhD abroad.

/TopUniversities /TopUnis

@TopUnis /TopUnis

/QSTopUniversities /TopUnis

/+TopUniversities /TopUnis

/TopUnis /TopUnis

Not sure how to go about applying to institutions in your chosen country, or how much you need to budget? Flick to the country guides section for practical information on studying a master’s or PhD in a range of the world’s most popular study destinations – including an introduction to each nation’s higher education system, as well as guidance on applications, visas, tuition fees, living costs and funding opportunities. If you’re still deciding which program or specialization is for you, get some ideas and inspiration with our subject guides, covering a selection of the most popular fields of graduate study. Here you’ll find details of course types and admission requirements, popular and emerging specializations, and an overview of career prospects in each discipline. We’d love to hear from you about your own experiences of applying for a master’s or PhD abroad, including the challenges you’ve faced and your aspirations for the future. Get in touch by joining us at a QS World Grad School Tour event, through our student forums on TopUniversities.com, or by joining our international social media communities. Very best wishes for the next stage in your academic journey and professional life!

/TopUniversities /TopUnis

Top Grad School /TopUnis

Laura Bridgestock, Editor, QS Top Grad School Guide

www.TopUniversities.com

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016

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Preparing for the QS World Grad School Tour Laura Bridgestock shares some advice on how to make the most of your time at the event.

ringing hundreds of leading universities and graduate schools to more than 60 cities across the globe, the QS World Grad School Tour is your chance to meet with admissions advisors from around the world. Here’s how to make sure you get the most out of the experience, with our top tips for preparation before the event and what to do on the day. 1. Research your options It’s definitely a good idea to spend some time researching your options before attending the event. This means you’ll be able to really benefit from the specialist knowledge of the university representatives and advisors on the day, rather than just using them to find out information you could have checked online. 2. Prepare some questions As part of your research, write down a few questions or issues you’d like to discuss. These might be very specific, or simply a check list of topics, such as course structure, application deadlines and tuition fees. Don’t make this too long, or you’ll never get through it; aim for no more than five key points, focusing on the issues most important to you. 3. Check the schedule beforehand A few days before the event, check the final schedule for the day (remember that this may have been altered slightly from earlier versions). Write down the start times of any presentations or

panel discussions you definitely want to attend, as well as any you’re at least partly interested in. 4. Orient yourself on arrival When you first arrive, it may be tempting to just dive straight into a conversation with the nearest university representative, but try to pause and give yourself time to get orientated. You’ll receive a floorplan for the event, providing information about all the schools attending and where to find them, so use this to plan your route. Also remember that the event is likely to be especially busy towards the start, so don’t worry if you’re not able to speak to a particular university straight away – it’s worth waiting for a quieter moment when you can get the representative’s full attention! 5. Keep an open mind While it is useful to come prepared and with a clear focus, try to balance this out by also remaining open to new possibilities. You might find your ideal course exists in a form you didn’t previously know about, or that there’s a niche scholarship with your name on it in a country you hadn’t previously considered. All the schools at the QS World Grad School Tour offer programs taught in English, and all are in your city because they want to recruit students from your region – so they’ve all potentially got something to offer you.

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6. Talk to other candidates Of course the main reason for attending the QS World Grad School Tour is the chance to meet university representatives and experts face to face. However, if you get the chance, try and speak to other candidates around you as well, or at least listen to the questions they’re asking. After all, they will have done their research too, and could also be good sources of information or inspiration. 7. Keep an eye on the time The event itself is likely to go very quickly once it begins, so make sure you don’t get too caught up in one conversation and miss out on other opportunities. Listen out for announcements about presentations and panel discussions, and perhaps even set an alarm on your phone to warn you when the event is nearly over, so you can make sure you’ve collected all the information you need. 8. Consider bringing a guest Remember that the QS World Grad School Tour is free to attend, and prospective students are encouraged to bring guests along. This can be really helpful, as your companion can remind you to ask the right questions, keep you focused on your key objectives, and help you recall and sort through all the information afterwards. 9. Bring pen, paper and a bag Whether or not you bring a guest, do make sure you bring a pen and paper so you can make a note of anything you

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

want to follow up later; you might think you’ll remember, but there will be a lot to take in. You’re also likely to end up with a large collection of information packs and prospectuses, so make sure you have a bag to carry them in. 10. Be ready to sell yourself Finally, remember that while you’re assessing universities, university representatives are also on the lookout for top applicants. This isn’t an interview, but it won’t hurt to prepare as if it was one. So think about your appearance, how you introduce yourself, and the impression you’re making through the quality of the questions you’re asking. Of course it doesn’t all end when the event finishes – you’ve got the task of sorting through all the information you collected, following up any interesting opportunities, and reaching that final decision! After attending, you’ll also be eligible to apply for one of the exclusive scholarships offered through the QS World Grad School Tour, worth a total of US$1.7 million each year.

Find out more at www.TopUniversities.com/Scholarships

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How to Make Your Masters Count For many prospective graduate students, improved employment and earning prospects are major motivators. But how can you make sure your master’s degree gives a good return on investment? Laura Bridgestock investigates.

f you want to reassure yourself that studying a master’s degree makes financial sense, there are plenty of studies and statistics around to support the theory that higher levels of education lead to better employment prospects and higher earning potential. It seems that overall, on average, graduates with a master’s degree tend to fare better than those with just a bachelor’s degree, who in turn have better prospects than secondary school leavers. However, there is a danger in complacently assuming that employers will automatically be impressed by an additional line in the “education” section of your CV. In fact, depending on the sector, you may find a year’s relevant work

“Graduates with a master’s degree tend to fare better than those with a bachelor’s degree”

professional prospects. But the return on investment you get will depend on your ability to choose the right program, make the most of opportunities both within and beyond the course, and – perhaps most importantly of all – to effectively market your skillset to prospective employers. Consider your target labor market The first step is to consider your own future ambitions, and the types of role you’re aspiring to. You can then research requirements listed in job adverts, typical backgrounds of those already in your desired role, and the skills which are emphasized by companies you admire. The importance of this background research is highlighted by Karen Young, a director in the accountancy and finance division of international recruitment firm Hays:

“Whether choosing a degree or postgraduate course, a first graduate job or considering overall career path, individuals should do their research into the specific requirements of the employers they think they would like to work for. The best course of study (and job) will offer the chance to develop the perfect mix of expert knowledge, practical experience and enhance the personal qualities that employers are looking for.”

Of course, career outcomes are by no means the sole motivation for graduatelevel study. For most students, the appeal is a combination of factors, including personal development and academic challenge, the chance to meet and learn from a variety of interesting people, and – for those studying abroad – the wide range of opportunities and benefits associated with international study. Indeed, all of these could also lead to strengthened

experience holds more value than a master’s when viewed through recruiters’ eyes.

For some sectors or roles – such as those requiring highly specialized knowledge or with a strong focus on research – a master’s degree is (either formally or informally) a prerequisite, viewed as essential preparation for the work in question. In other cases, you may

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find a master’s degree has simply become the norm, within an employment sector or even across an entire society. This is increasingly the case in certain labor markets, where studying to master’s level has evolved into a new baseline, the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree not so long ago. Ifi Ekong, operations and product manager at online careers platform QS Global Workplace, notes: “Advanced degrees are often prerequisites for management positions now, and you’ll find many job listings specify a master’s degree is ‘preferred’.”

Careers Service Unit (HECSU) in 2014. The report notes that employers are significantly more likely to be impressed by graduate degrees which incorporate work-related experience – and that a master’s qualification in itself is not enough to make up for a lack of relevant experience.

such as guest lectures, networking events and mentoring schemes. This can not only help students establish a strong network of relevant connections, but also helps contextualize course content, giving them a better sense of how their studies will be applied once they enter the workplace.

If you are planning to enter a sector or market in which master’s degrees are relatively commonplace or a standard requirement, you’ll need to find ways to differentiate yourself and add extra value to your experience – perhaps by choosing to study internationally or selecting a program which focuses on an emerging or high-demand specialization.

“

On the other hand, you may find your target role is in fact entirely achievable without a master’s degree, and even that there’s little evidence to prove postgraduate study will help you enter at a higher level or progress more quickly. If this is the case – and you’re still keen to pursue a master’s program – then you can still ensure your second degree helps you get a headstart. You’ll just

“Choose a program which offers opportunities to gain practical and professional experience” need to be ready to convince potential employers of its value, with reference to all the relevant skills and experience you’ve gained. Choose a program with practical experience One of the most effective ways to ensure your master’s translates into better employment prospects is to choose a program which offers opportunities to gain practical and professional experience. This is one of the key messages from the report “Taught Postgraduate Employability and Employer Engagement: Masters with a Purpose”, published by the UK’s Higher Education

Make sure your master’s degree leads to career success A growing number of universities worldwide are recognizing the importance of helping students gain professional experience, and as a result it’s increasingly common to find internships, professional projects and other work-based elements incorporated into master’s programs. If your chosen subject doesn’t lend itself so well to this kind of course format, look into local opportunities to gain relevant experience through part-time work, volunteering or internships in between semesters. Seek out networking opportunities The HECSU report also highlights the importance of providing opportunities for students to network with professionals, through initiatives

While opportunities to connect with professionals and prospective employers are invaluable – in some cases even leading to direct job offers – these are by no means the only networking avenues available. In fact, the richest networking pool may be found among your fellow classmates and the alumni community you’ll become part of. As Ekong points out, networking opportunities and events continue long after your course finishes, with most universities running professional events for alumni and offering various ways to stay in touch. “Check to see what networking resources are available,” she advises. “Many universities have databases specifically created for networking purposes and alumni are often interested in recruiting from their alma mater.”

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When choosing your program, find out about networking initiatives both during and after the course, and try to get a feel for the type of employers involved and the make-up of the student/alumni community. Most universities publish information about how international their intake is, as

“A growing number of universities are recognizing the importance of helping students gain professional experience”

well as the kind of careers pursued by graduates of each program. Researching the wider campus life, including popular student associations, could also help you get a feel for the community you’ll be joining – make sure it’s one you’re excited to be part of. Embrace every chance to add value Having chosen your master’s program, the next challenge is to ensure you do justice to all the opportunities on offer during the course. There are few times in life when you’ll have the chance to try so many new things, so conveniently and often at no additional cost, so don’t hesitate to get involved! The additional skills and experiences you acquire may be what sets you apart when you come to compete for jobs, giving you a wider range of examples

to draw upon to demonstrate your abilities and interests. Take the chance to learn a new language, or practice an existing one. Assume a position of responsibility within the department or in a student association. Find internships or relevant part-time work nearby. Attend events organized by the department and the careers service. In short, push yourself to learn and develop in as many ways as you can – without, of course, jeopardizing your academic success. You may discover a new passion, reveal a whole new set of aptitudes, or even meet a future business partner. Who knows which experience, event or new acquaintance could end up being the one that changes your life? Market your skills effectively Finally – having picked the right master’s program and squeezed every last drop of opportunity out of it – the last (but by no means least) of your challenges is to convince potential employers of its value. Don’t assume recruiters will already know what you learned or gained. As the HECSU report found, many employers are relatively unaware of the benefits provided by postgraduate study, so it’s up to graduates themselves to communicate these. Be ready to explain exactly how your course and its extended experience have helped you develop the body of skills and knowledge required for your target job. Stephen Isherwood, chief executive of the UK’s Association of Graduate Recruiters, emphasizes the importance of demonstrating your understanding of the role, and showing what makes you a perfect match. “The best candidates have the right combination of knowledge, skills and attributes that the employer is searching for. The best candidates have a passion for their prospective career. The best candidate gets the job because they have selfanalyzed, done their career research and met the employer’s needs.” Beyond the specific requirements for each role, Young also believes there are certain qualities most employers are seeking. These include key transferrable

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

skills such as teamwork, communication skills and attention to detail, but also “a ‘can do’ attitude, enthusiasm and commercial awareness”. She also highlights the importance of showing aptitude for continued development, as many companies are seeking employees who will be able to keep pace with the fast rate of change in modern technologies and processes.

“Take the chance to learn a new language, or practice an existing one” Make the experience your own If all this sounds like a lot to cover, remember that you also need to show what makes you different from all the other master’s graduates around. This is where factors such as work experience, extra-curricular projects and international study can make a difference, as long as you use them to effectively showcase your abilities. As Ekong says: “The whole idea behind effective marketing or personal branding is to focus on promoting what unique value you can bring to target employers, and what differentiates you from your peers.” Ekong also recommends taking time to work on your online profiles on platforms such as LinkedIn and Twitter, to ensure these provide a strong and relevant advert for your professional potential. Not only are these often checked by recruiters ahead of interviews, they could also help you get found in the first place. Ultimately, master’s or no master’s, you still need to show potential employers what makes you a perfect fit for their role, and what sets you apart from similar applicants. Simply having a master’s won’t do this, but the rich pool of experiences, knowledge, skills and connections provided should give you more than enough materials to draw upon when putting together your pitch. The courses are out there; finding the right one and making it count is up to you. For more careers advice, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Student-Info/ Careers-Advice

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.topgradschool.com

Careers for the Next Generation We’re in the second half of the second decade of the second millennia, and the job market has never been so full of change. Laura Tucker explores five of the fastest-growing industries for graduates.

hile the aftershocks from 2008’s global economic meltdown continue to ripple through the traditional jobs market, at the same time the unprecedented growth of new markets has led to widespread skills shortages and emerging careers opportunities – particularly for graduates within the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). As many long-established job markets sluggishly bounce back to reach prerecession levels, consistent growth in new markets is being reported internationally, along with repeated warnings that demand is growing at a faster pace than university graduates can meet. In the UK for instance, the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) has recently reported that 43% of UK STEM employers are having difficulty recruiting staff, with this figure expected to rise to 52% as industry growth continues over the next three years. So, where are the most opportunities to be found? Read on to discover which sectors and job roles are emerging and where, the reasons behind these developments and which postgraduate specializations could boost your employability in these areas. Engineering With an estimated skills shortfall of 81,000 in the UK alone, the engineering sector is growing faster than the rate of

skilled graduates in many countries across the globe. According to the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering, the industry will require as many as 100,000 STEM graduates, and a further 60,000 apprentices and technicians, every year until 2020, in order to maintain current employment rates. How does this impact on engineering graduates the world over? Not only does it mean their skills are in very high demand, it also means opportunities are increasingly diverse, spanning a wide range of established and emerging technologies, in fields ranging from healthcare to space travel. According to a Forbes report based on the market data of 18 engineering occupations classified by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth in engineering often reached double figures in the period between 2010

“Engineering will require as many as 100,000 STEM graduates every year until 2020” and 2014. Job opportunities within petroleum engineering, for example, grew as much as 30%, mining and geological engineering grew by 12%, while biomedical engineering and industrial engineering sectors each saw growth of 10%. Although growth was less pronounced across the entire sector

(leveling out at 7% on average), all engineering occupations saw more jobs created. Particularly notable is mechanical engineering, which provided a total of 21,500 new US jobs in this four-year period. Aging workforces within industrial, petroleum, aerospace and electrical engineering sectors may also mean that over the coming decades there will be additional opportunities for younger workers to advance more quickly into senior and management level

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roles, as older workers retire and skills shortages grow. Information and computer technology Information and computer technology plays a major role in STEM market growth worldwide, already boasting a 4.88 million-strong tech workforce in the US alone. And nor is ICT hiring restricted to the tech sector; job advertising figures show that as well as specialized tech companies such as Accenture and Oracle, active hirers of ICT graduates include large healthcare organizations such as United Health, online retail companies such as Amazon and Best Buy, and finance firms such as JP Morgan. With 853,256 jobs in the US, growing at an annual rate of 2.5%, technical support roles offer consistent career options for young graduates, while web development careers grew by 4% in the past year, creating a total of 235,043 new jobs.

Image credits:© freepix.com

Other areas experiencing growth surges include: system analysis, software development, computer and software engineering, network administration, data analysis, web design, computer programming, IT consultancy and information management. Within infrastructure, hardware engineers are also highly sought-after in order to ensure that technological equipment and connections are constructed, maintained and repaired to high standards throughout all sectors. Contemporary priorities mean heavy investments are also being made in data and security, defense and surveillance, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, nanotechnology, biotechnology and more. . Energy A historically volatile sector, traditionally closely tied to the price of oil, the

energy sector is predicted to undergo big changes in coming years, as energy firms and conglomerates make big leaps into renewables. By early 2014, 144 countries worldwide had renewable energy targets to meet, with the global renewable market providing a total of 6.5 million jobs. Top countries for annual investment, capacity and production are China, the US, Japan, the UK and Germany. Although a total switch to clean energy is a long way off, multinational

“Careers for new graduates in energy are looking more sustainable and earth-friendly” companies are investing heavily in ongoing research and development focused on identifying the most effective ways of harnessing renewable energy, including the use of wind, solar, geothermal energy, hydropower and

bioenergy. In 2013 alone, investment in renewable energy worldwide was figured at US$250 billion, and, although this investment is expected to lessen over the coming years, efforts in building infrastructure have been paying off. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), green technology now generates 22% of the world’s electricity, with the EU setting a target for 20% of all energy consumption to be met by renewables by 2020 across the union. For new graduates, this means careers in energy are looking more sustainable and earth-friendly than ever. It also makes this a perfect time to take advantage of what’s known as ‘disruptive opportunity’, as the sector expands into new research and markets. This will inevitably increase career

potential for a wide range of specialists, including engineers, environmental scientists, geoscientists, oceanographers, ecologists, physicists, construction workers, surveyors, mechanics, architects, designers, policy advisors, business development experts and more. Sector-wide changes regarding sustainability and corporate social responsibility have also led to additional career opportunities across nonrenewables and related sectors. While those in PR and marketing roles may seek to ensure the public stay on the side of the energy companies, related careers in law, taxation, economics and politics offer scope for conducting investigative or forensic research into the energy market, to help combat the exploitation of natural resources and to ensure policies and regulations keep pace with changes in the sector. Healthcare With global populations expanding rapidly and people living longer than ever before, the healthcare industry is reaping both the rewards and the strain. The pressure is seen particularly among lower-level, patient-facing roles; in many countries, problems relating to funding, training policies and already overstretched workers have led to shortages of staff at this level. The worldwide shortage in the sector stood at 7.2 million in early 2014, and is estimated to reach 12.9 million by 2035. On the flip side of the coin, the healthcare industry is booming and full of emerging job opportunities. Advancements in science and technology continue to dramatically alter the path of research and development within the sector, creating many thousands of new jobs for scientists, technologists and engineers globally. The aging,

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population also means more jobs within administration and management, with rising demand for specialty drugs further contributing to the pharmaceutical sector’s profits. It is predicted that in the US, annual market spending will hit a high of US$192.2 billion in 2016, a whopping 121% increase on 2012 figures. Within the US, predictions made by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics have pinpointed the following job roles for widespread employment growth: pharmacists (14% growth by 2022), physical therapists (36%), physiologists (19%), opticians (23%), dental hygienists (33%), audiologists

“The healthcare industry is booming and full of emerging job opportunities ” (34%), podiatrists (23%), dieticians (21%), medical technologists (22%) and medical laboratory technicians (22%). Similar industry growth is being seen across other developed countries. Those interested in research and development roles in the healthcare sector will encounter new opportunities

for work in areas such as biomechanics, biostatistics, bionics, robotics, radiology, nanotechnology, ergonomics, tissue and gene engineering and cytogenetics. While patient-facing roles require clinical medical qualifications and biomedical experience is favored in a number of biological research roles, many researchers, engineers and technologists hold little or no medical knowledge. Instead, their roles may require expertise in the technical development of equipment, machines, computer programs and more. This means non-medical graduates across all STEM fields are often able to enter the sector. All of the above While it would take a diverse set of graduate skills to pursue a career spanning all of the above sectors, the gaps between different STEM markets are in fact narrowing as technological innovation grows. So long as science and technology continue to dominate global development, the boundaries between sectors will continue to fade, allowing graduates with the right skills more freedom to use their specialized knowledge across diverse industries.

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Mechatronics engineering is one such example of an emerging multi-disciplinary market, uniting the study of mechanical, electrical and control engineering with computer engineering and programming. Out of this emerging research, developments are being made within robotics, bionics, manufacturing processes, mechanical systems and more. 3D printing (or additive manufacturing) also provides a good demonstration of how technology is being used to innovate and transform diverse sectors, with creations such as a 3D printed tortoise shell and 3D printed prosthetic hand hinting at the immense opportunities this could open up. Other industries seeing high levels of cross-sector development, and therefore emerging career opportunities, include: construction, education, transportation, manufacturing, the legal sector, business, finance, media, entertainment, sales and the food industry.

For more careers advice and inspiration, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Student-Info/ Careers-Advice

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Post-PhD Careers: Beyond Academia PhDs have long been thought of as routes into academia, but this is just one possible option for doctoral graduates. Laura Tucker explores the exciting world of alternative post-PhD careers.

Image credits:© freepix.com

ypically combining individual research with teaching and assistantship responsibilities, PhDs have often been viewed primarily as an entry point for careers in academia with the long-term dream of one day gaining tenure at a university, conducting outstanding research and in turn supervising the next generation of doctoral candidates. However, there’s growing awareness that the traditional academic career is in fact just one possible option for PhD graduates, particularly as the number of tenured positions within higher education dwindles, and competition among junior academics becomes fiercer than ever. The fact that there may not be a guaranteed position available

within academia shouldn’t deter you from undertaking a PhD, but perhaps it should lead you to consider some alternative options. Considering this right from the start can help you better shape your skillset to a non-academic market throughout your doctoral studies.

in the US are to be found working within government, business and industry. And, as of 2013, the unemployment level for PhD graduates within health, engineering and science was just 2.1% in the US – one third of the figure for the general population aged 25 and above.

But what exactly are the alternatives? What do PhD graduates do when academic life is no longer a fool-proof option?

Looking closer, it is clear that although research opportunities and employment rates may be stalling within academia, PhD employment within non-academic fields is on an upward turn worldwide. This is due to the growing need for highly specialized scientists, technologists and researchers within industry and government, to help both the public and private sectors keep pace with demand for technological innovation and scientific growth.

Demand for innovative graduates The first answer to this question is that PhD graduates do all kinds of things outside of academia – and are particularly likely to be found in sectors with high demand (and funding) for research and innovation. Some 28% of PhD graduates

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With fast-evolving sectors such as STEM and healthcare developing new roles almost daily, the first challenge is simply keeping track of all the options. Here, fast-changing technology may itself provide the solution. Twitter, for instance, can be a source of PhD career inspiration, with popular hashtags such as #WithAPhD, #PhDChat and #VersatilePhD allowing researchers to share careers advice, opportunities, news and tips, while networking and making valuable contacts. Opportunities from engineering to NGOs For STEM graduates in particular, there’s fairly consistent demand within industry for incoming employees with PhD-level expertise. PhD graduate, professor, researcher and blogger, Eva Langtsoght, explains that within fields such as engineering, “there will always be a need for people with a deep understanding of the problems that the industry faces” – meaning that although work experience outside of academia is also highly prized among employers, the industry expertise and specialized knowledge that a PhD can bring to the table is invaluable sector-wide. PhD graduates are also sought-after for public sector research (such as for government agencies, national statistics organizations, policy advisory groups or any state-funded initiative), industrial research and development (for corporate and commercial research

“PhD graduates are well-placed within business, finance and consultancy careers, depending on their subject of specialization” companies, in fields ranging from automotive to cosmetics), and scientific and technical research (such as the medical and high-tech sectors). The notfor-profit and charity sectors also recruit advanced-level graduates to conduct research and analysis, helping to shape communications, strategy and policies. Some PhD graduates are also well-placed within business, finance and consultancy careers, depending on their subject

of specialization. Mathematics and economics graduates do well in these arenas, as do those with high levels of industry experience or expertise, such as managerial, marketing or anthropological understanding. Media and publishing careers are also open to PhD graduates from a wide range of disciplines, offering roles in various specialist publications, journals, magazines and other media. If none of these career routes sound right, you could consider professional entrepreneurship and start your own business based on your area of expertise. Marketing your PhD to employers The problem many PhDs have when moving out of academia is not that they lack the skills to work as non-academic professionals, but rather they are not used to marketing their skills and capabilities to cater to different contexts. This can strengthen the preconception among some employers that although PhDs are evidently skilled academically, they lack the industry experience and the professional skills needed for workplace success. The competiveness of academic life is another reason some PhD graduates may feel unprepared for careers outside of academia. While working in close proximity to some of the world’s best and brightest educators and researchers is an advantage in many respects, it can also mean that self-confidence among new doctoral graduates is actually lower when compared to less-qualified graduates with more work experience.

To ensure your skills get noticed by employers, use clear and concise language, with a focus on real-world experience within your research, referring to specific tasks, problems, solutions and outcomes. As brilliant as your PhD thesis or research may be, unless it’s directly relevant to the job you’re applying for, avoid talking about it at length. Instead, re-frame your knowledge, relate your skills to the job specification and re-invent yourself as a professional researcher, analyst, scientist, educator – or whatever other title you prefer!

Chris Humphrey, creator of the blog JobsOnToast.com, which is dedicated to helping PhD graduates seek work outside of academia, advises new doctoral graduates to promote themselves in job applications as professionals undergoing a change in career path. Looking at your qualification from a professional angle will allow you to better demonstrate all the relevant skills and hands-on experience you’ve acquired, as well as highlighting your professional interest in taking on the challenges of a new sector.

Transferrable skills by the truckload While likely to be highly specialized, a good PhD’s skillset will also be wellrounded and based on sound overall knowledge of the field. During her PhD, Langtsoght says she developed a niche yet “deep understanding of the structural behavior of concrete”. The experience of intense research and knowledge acquisition now allows her to work with speed and precision, whatever the task at hand. “I only need a few hours to soak up the new material before I can put it into practice,” she says.

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Langtsoght advises that the closer you get to graduation, the more pro-active you should be. “If your graduation date is coming up,” she says, “go to events and network with companies and

“PhD graduates are highly capable candidates and invaluable within many different industries” other universities, talk to your senior colleagues about your job search and ask about their recommendations and experiences, visit the career center of your university for some guidance on finding a position upon graduating. If you do want to stay in academia, however, familiarize yourself with the institutions that award research grants, and their requirements.”

Who knows where your PhD will take you!

In addition to unparalleled expertise, PhD candidates also develop many transferrable skills which can be applied in any workplace. Now a professional researcher and academic, Langtsoght summarizes the most important non-scientific skills she gained during her PhD: “Communication more than anything: giving presentations and writing reports and papers. Planning and time management skills are another important set of skills – you can’t manage four years’ worth of research without a basic time management system!”

Setting yourself up for success While your career prospects may not be at the front of your mind when beginning a PhD, it is certainly something to think about before enrolling, as well as throughout your studies. If, up until now, you thought PhD careers were confined to those hallowed university corridors, think again. Regardless of subject area, PhD graduates are highly capable candidates and invaluable within many different industries. Finding jobs is no longer the main difficulty; instead, the challenge is learning how to market your skills in order to access non-academic roles.

Other relevant and widely valued skills nurtured by PhD programs include analytical and problem solving ability; ideas generation; creativity; organization; leadership and project management; team work; selfmotivation, direction and discipline; ability to interpret and share complex information; resilience and persistence. This broad set of attributes means that if you also have the right attitude and an open mind, then breaking into any industry you choose is very feasible!

With the global economy still rebounding and the jobs market in constant flux, settling on an exact career plan too far in advance may be unwise. But in order to improve your prospects, you should be able to talk about how your research topic relates to the wider world; stay up to date with news in relevant industries, including new discoveries and innovations, national priorities and policies, new potential applications and trends, and anything that piques your professional interest.

While there is no shortage of pathways open to PhD graduates, finding the right job is of course rarely a walk in the park, and the process is likely to be especially daunting (and exciting) if you’ve never worked outside of academia. However, a growing body of information and advice is available for graduates looking to make the move. In addition to Chris Humphrey’s JobsOnToast.com and Dr Langtsoght’s PhdTalk.Blogspot.co.uk, other useful online resources for PhD job-seekers include TheGradStudentWay. com/blog, Chronicle.com/Blogs/Phd and VersatilePhD.com. You wouldn’t have made it onto or through a PhD program without a healthy dose of curiosity and a desire to break new ground – so why not do the same in your job search? Embrace the challenge of researching industry trends and demands, building a professional network and adapting your own skillset to a new setting. Who knows where your PhD will take you!

Looking for a PhD program? Search online at www.QSCourses.com.

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Celebrating Pedagogical Innovation in Higher Education Mansoor Iqbal explores some of the most exciting innovations in university teaching, including new technologies and challenge-based projects.

edagogical innovation has been a constant as long as the idea of education has existed, but recent years have seen it come to the fore in new ways. The tools and resources available to students and teachers have grown increasingly advanced, paired with changing ideas about what education should entail, and what its ultimate purpose is.

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a platform dedicated to celebrating innovation in higher education worldwide. Reimagine aims to help share and spread the new methods, technologies and concepts that are moving education forward – whether that is how people learn at the highest levels in elite universities, lowering the costs for both institutions and students, or increasing access to educational opportunities.

Image credits:© freepix.com

The 2015 Reimagine Education forum and award ceremony will take place in Philadelphia on 7-9 December, with

With the pace of change faster than ever, a huge diversity of opinion on questions of the educational mission, and the technology and resources available creating opportunities and methods that would not have even been imaginable 15 years ago – let alone 150 – there has rarely been as exciting a time in the field of pedagogical innovation. In 2014, QS launched Reimagine Education in conjunction with the Wharton SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, providing

“There has rarely been as exciting a time in the field of pedagogical innovation” the winners of the 11 award categories being chosen by a panel of judges comprised of experts in the higher education field. You’re probably eager to know by now, what are these exciting innovations? And how will they affect me? Here’s a brief look at some of 2014’s winners, grouped into four of the major categories shaping pedagogical innovation today.

Gamification • PaGamO Coming joint first in the 2014 Overall Award, National Taiwan University’s PaGamO project is a prime example of gamification, tapping into video game culture to encourage students to complete homework assignments. Participants compete on a map, gaining territory as they solve problems, and taking over other students’ territory in problem-based battles. A leader board displays the most successful gamers, and thousands of players can participate on the same map. The program can be customized for teaching across any subject matter, not just by teachers but also students themselves. • Undergraduate Sports Management

Career Exploration Claiming third place in the Enterprise category is North Carolina State University’s Undergraduate Sports Management course, which uses gamification to help students to explore career options. Users are assigned an avatar with a given personality type, whose career they manage by choosing professional development activities to earn points, ultimately guiding their avatar to

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a final career. Students collaborate with others assigned the same avatar to develop ideas and gain feedback. Simulations

students to a wider selection of courses, graduates with lifelong learning opportunities, and teachers with feedback. HKVU offers courses from City University of Hong Kong, Lingnan

• PhET Interactive Simulations

Joining PaGamO as the other joint overall winner, the University of Colorado at Boulder’s PhET Interactive Simulations comprises a set of 130 interactive researchbased simulations, designed to teach science and mathematics by putting students in the role of a scientist. The visual, responsive interface means users can instantly understand the effect of any interaction they make, including changes at a level you wouldn’t be able to see in real life. The aim is to prepare users for a scientific or technical education and career, and to generally increase scientific literacy worldwide. • Burkenroad Reports Taking first place in the Best Teaching Delivery category is Burkenroad Reports, an immersive learning business and finance course at Tulane University. Over the course of a semester, student teams create a report on a small public company based in the southern US. They develop financial models, competitive analysis, earnings and share-price forecasts. The three topperforming MBA students who took the course the previous year provide guidance and feedback, and investment research managers mentor each team. The course aims to prove that participating students are ready for Wall Street careers through the quality of their work. • Hong Kong Virtual University A project of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), this is a virtual campus. It aims at exposing secondary school students to a higher education environment, university

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links between different scientific branches. Students develop skills to prepare them for a wide range of further study options, taking electives and concentrations within the course after a first-year curriculum which is intended to give them a diverse range of scientific skills. Societal relevance is a key theme throughout, and the course focuses on collaboration and fieldwork rather than lectures. Assessments include giving a podcast for a nonspecialist audience, publishing a book on the history of science, and designing a museum display. • Extreme

University, the Hong Kong Institute of Education, and the University of Hong Kong. Courses are blended, using a ‘flipped classroom’ model, in which lectures are delivered online, while discussions take place face-to-face. Cross-disciplinary learning

Learning Process Tsinghua University’s Extreme Learning Process took second place in the Presence Learning category, as well as the Regional Award for Asia. It is a learning technique that sees students from different disciplines design learning activities, giving them access to open source technology through which they can monitor the progress and learning outcomes of those participating in their courses. It is hoped that this will ultimately be a global crowd-learning platform which compiles knowledge from around the world. So far, XLP has been used for everything from 80-hour orientation programs to 16-week courses.

• Integrated Science Program

Taking first place in the Presence Learning category, this four-year program at McMaster University sees students learn through interdisciplinary research projects that highlight the

• Enhancing Engineering Education

Taking first place in the Nurturing Employability category was this project from Politecnico di Milano’s School of Engineering, which started

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The 2015 Reimagine Education conference and award ceremony will take place in Philadelphia on 7-9 December implementing a new strategy in 2011 based on four pillars. The first pillar is, of course, technical skills. This is complemented by cross-cultural skills – being able to work in an international environment, developed through both curricula and study-abroad trips. The next pillar is cross-disciplinary innovation; this is fostered through partnerships with national and multinational companies, with which the university has established 14 joint research centers, as well as a startup incubator which has supported the creation of over 100 startups since 2001. The final pillar is social responsibility, with a particular focus on engaging with the public.

• The HealthFusion Team Challenge

Working together • ForClass Aiming at improving classroom engagement, ForClass is an HTML5, cloud-based, device-agnostic learning

The Queensland University of Technology’s HealthFusion Team Challenge – third place in the Nurturing Employability category – is a competition for senior students in health science fields. Participants are challenged to

platform which allows students to work together wherever they are (or by themselves). Professors can monitor student activity, using both qualitative and quantitative data, which they can

work in inter-professional teams and collaborate to produce a management package for a client with complex needs, presenting their plans to a panel of judges and a live audience. The teams

“ForClass is an HTML5, cloud-based, device-agnostic learning platform which allows students to work together wherever they are ” then utilize when choosing which students to call upon once discussions reach the classroom stage. They can also provide real-time feedback, which has the benefit of motivating students who are aware they are being observed as they progress.

receive some mentoring from industry figures, but are mostly expected to work independently using an online support package. Inter-professional education – learning from each other as well as working collaboratively – is thought to be of crucial important for the future of healthcare.

To find out more about the Reimagine Education initiative, visit Reimagine-Education.com

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Education: A (Very) Brief History

nnovation in education may be moving at an unprecedented pace, but it’s certainly not restricted to the modern age. Indeed, teaching has come a long way over the centuries. Here are some of the key developments and people that have got us to where we are today, starting of course in the 5th and 6th centuries BCE with... Confucius Confucian thought centers on the idea that behavior driven by ethics is at the core of human life – both personal and the political – focusing on our actions as beings with agency. Though awareness of another world underlies the principles of Confucianism, the focus is on the actions of people in the current plane of existence. Thus, we have the idea of education as something through which we could improve ourselves, in order to strive to uphold principles such as compassion and justice – the failure to adhere to which would be seen as an affront to divine order. This might all sound rather highfalutin, but if we look to the details – the idea that the arts can convey feeling, the idea of meritocracy (i.e. proving your worth through actions and aptitude rather than who your parents were) and the idea that the role of leaders can be founded on trust and responsibility rather than fear and power – then perhaps the significance of this particular thought system becomes rather more evident. The Socratic method Named, as you can probably guess, for the philosopher Socrates, the Socratic method was derived in the 5th century BCE as an alternative to sophistry – the use of philosophy and rhetoric to convey concepts of ‘arete’ (which translates roughly as virtue) to the upper echelons of Greek society. Sophists drew condemnation from Socrates both for their tricky nature (hence the modern meaning of the word) and also for only offering their services to society’s elite. Socrates’ alternative method, passed on through his student Plato, suggested that any given thesis should be broken down and made subject to scrutiny until it

could be proved to be irrefutably true or untrue. The fact that something sounded good could no longer be sufficient grounds for it being considered truth in the early Western world. Universities India’s Nalanda University – a Buddhist seat of learning, razed to the ground in the 12th century in a fire said to have lasted months due to the sheer volume of books – is a contender for the title of the world’s oldest large establishment of higher education, or as you and I might call it now, a university. The residential institution was thought to have had 10,000 students and 2,000 staff, from all over Asia. A university with the same name opened its doors in 2014, with Nobel Prize Winner Amartya Sen at the helm. By the time of the tragic destruction of the original Nalanda University, the concept of universities had reached the West. The University of Bologna is widely considered the world’s longest continually operating university, founded in 1088. It was also the first to use the word ‘university’ – or ‘universitas’ – pertaining to the student body, who were originally groups of persecuted foreigners who cooperated to hire scholars, with teaching centering on civil law. The UK’s University of Oxford (where teaching is believed to have started in 1096), emerged from religious establishments to become the secondoldest university, followed by Spain’s University of Salamanca in 1134. Distance learning An honorable mention here to Issac Pitman of Bath in the UK. He is best known for developing a system of shorthand (he was also vice president of the Vegetarian Society and a temperance advocate), but he was also a pioneer of distance learning, sending out shorthand exercises to his students, who would then return the work for grading. This would eventually lead to the foundation of colleges bearing Pitman’s name across the country. The concept reached higher education with the University of

London’s ‘External Programme’ in the mid-19th century, before crossing the Atlantic and reaching the US. It was here that the International Correspondence School brought private players into the equation, offering targeted and practical education to miners looking to move up into management roles. PLATO (no, not that one) While we can trace the history of the computer back to Charles Babbage in the early 19th century, it is perhaps more useful in this context to begin in 1959 with the University of Illinois’ PLATO – the world’s first generalized computer-assisted instruction system. The key to its success was laboratory assistant Donald Bitzer’s recognition of the importance of a graphic display (teleprinting was the norm at the time), which would lead him to co-create the plasma screen a few years later; this proved to be revolutionary. Bitzer would go on to set up the Computer-Based Education Research Laboratory at the university, supported by funding from the National Science Laboratory. The rest, as they say, is history. Oh, and in 1989 a chap called Tim Berners-Lee developed something called the World Wide Web. It probably won’t catch on though, so let’s not worry about that.

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A very special place ● The largest private university in Europe, boasting over 40 000 students across 12 schools, Cattolica offers an exciting variety of programs taught in English or Italian. ● Recognized prestige of our education; 10 disciplines taught by us feature in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015. ● With more than 100 nationalities, students learn in an international classroom yet in a genuinely Italian context. ● Our largest campus is located in the heart of Milan’s city center, allowing students to enjoy all the social and work experiences at their doorstep. Our enviable industrial ties with the most globally renowned companies allow for unique networking and internship opportunities.

We offer English-taught 2 year Master of Science degrees: ● Banking and Finance ● Economics ● Management ● International Management, Legislation and Society ● Agricultural and Food Economics

English-taught 1 year Specializing Master programs: ● Corporate Communication ● Luxury Goods Management (Full time and Part time) ● Arts Management ● International Screenwriting and Production ● International Business ● International Marketing Management ● International Relations ● International Cooperation & Development ● Middle Eastern Studies ● Economics & Finance (2nd level, Advanced)

We reserve partial, merit-based, and easy-to-apply-for scholarships for international students on most programs on offer. For further information or any questions on studying with us, please visit our website www.ucscinternational.it or contact us at international.inquiry@unicatt.it @UCSC.International @ucscinternational @ucsc_int

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The World’s Top Student Cities From economic opportunity to social inclusivity, we’ve all got ideas about what’s desirable in a city – but which of the planet’s urban hubs offer the best environments for students? Laura Tucker explores the leaders in the latest QS Best Student Cities index.

ach year, QS gathers intelligence on leading cities all over the world, seeking to identify those which would tick most boxes in a prospective student’s wish-list: world-leading universities, a large and diverse student community, high quality of living, strong future employment prospects, and of course, an affordable price-tag. The results are refined to identify the world’s top 50 cities for students, published in the

annual QS Best Student Cities index. The methodology behind the index draws on 18 separate indicators, grouped into five categories. These are: university rankings (based on internationally ranked institutions in the city); student mix (overall student population, international diversity, levels of tolerance and inclusivity); desirability (scores for livability, global connectivity, safety, pollution and corruption);

employer activity (reputation among international and domestic recruiters); and affordability (tuition fees plus living costs). Each city receives a composite score in each of these five categories, as well as an overall ranking. Read on to discover which cities made the top 10 for 2015 and why…

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Paris Highest ranked university: Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris (24th in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15) Average international tuition fees: US$2,400 A dream destination for tourists and romantics worldwide, the French capital also offers an outstanding number of prestigious higher education institutions – along with joyously affordable tuition fees. With 18 internationally ranked institutions (a number beaten only by London, which has 19), Paris provides a wealth of illustrious study options, while low tuition fees go a long way towards offsetting the high living costs for which the city is notorious. For many prospective students, the city itself will take little selling. Simply bursting at the seams with art, culture and history, Paris is a perfect study destination for art enthusiasts, history buffs, fashion fans and foodies alike.

And beyond the cobbled boulevards, baroque and gothic architecture, and the hordes of tourists taking snaps of the iconic tower, the large student population ensures an eclectic and exciting nightlife and social scene.

Melbourne Highest ranked university: University of Melbourne (24th) Average international tuition fees: US$22,700

Melbourne is Australia’s top entrant in the index, with no fewer than five fellow Aussies institutions also making the top 50. What gives Melbourne the edge? Closely matched with Sydney in most of the five categories, Melbourne emerges with slightly lower average tuition fees, as well as two more internationally ranked universities to choose from, and the rankings’ overall strongest score in the “student mix” category. Stats aside, many prospective students are likely to be drawn to Melbourne’s reputation for international diversity and

London is a powerhouse in pretty much every field of human activity its packed calendar of cultural events, with dynamic live music, comedy, theatre, modern art and street art scenes. Melbourne also offers authentic markets, a characteristically Australian passion for sports and the great outdoors, botanical gardens, wineries and leading museums.

London Highest ranked university: Imperial College London (2=) Average international tuition fees: US$22,100

After several years in second place, the UK capital lost some ground in the index this year. But of course it nonetheless remains a powerhouse in pretty much every field of human activity, not least higher education. As well as the prospect of glitzy job opportunities in the city’s buzzing economy, London’s multiculturalism, eclectic nightlife and endless array of arts and entertainment happenings continue to attract droves of tourists, students and professionals from all over the world. The one major drawback to living in London is the expense. Living costs combined with international tuition fees mean that although London scores impeccably in all other areas, its “affordability” rating keeps it off the

top spot. Yet for the thousands of new students arriving each year, regularly moaning about the price of everything soon becomes all part of the fun (sort of!) of London life.

Sydney Highest ranked university: University of Sydney (37th) Average international tuition fees: US$28,600

Home to some of Australia’s most iconic architecture (think intriguingly shaped opera houses and colossal bridges), Sydney is another of the world’s major international student melting pots. And, like Australian cities in general, it’s particularly renowned for its remarkably high quality of living. The city’s long-term popularity is based on a number of both manmade and natural factors, including on the one hand highly developed infrastructure, and on the other, stunning beaches. Those who tire of all the sun, sea and sand (is that even possible?) can get their cultural fix from the city’s many galleries, theatres and museums, or explore one of the nearby national parks – including the famous Blue Mountains. Despite narrowly losing out to Melbourne in the overall index, Sydney nonetheless boasts excellent scores in almost every category – with the predictable exception

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Hong Kong is one of the world’s leading financial and commercial centers of affordability. But then, there’s certainly plenty of return on investment to be had, both from Sydney’s highly renowned universities and from the city itself, which is beaten only by Toronto in the “desirability” category of the index.

Hong Kong Highest ranked university: University of Hong Kong (28th) Average international tuition fees: US$13,000 This year’s leading Asian entry is Hong Kong, which scores well thanks to its impressive concentration of internationally ranked universities, diverse student community, high rating from graduate employers and a strong overall score in the “desirability” class. The latter includes a ranking of 8th (out of 372) in the Numbeo safety index, and 31st (out of 140) in The Economist’s 2014 Global Liveability Ranking. One of the world’s leading financial and commercial centers, Hong Kong will also appeal to international students keen to immerse themselves in more traditional elements of local culture. Beneath the dazzling skyscrapers are chaotic marketplaces, tranquil temples, busy eateries and impressive galleries – as well as many of Asia’s leading universities.

The University of Hong Kong is joined in the global top 50 by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. When viewed from an international perspective, Hong Kong’s tuition fees fall somewhere in the mid-range. And while living costs overall appear high, this is mainly driven by high demand for accommodation; on measures of daily expenditure, the city is firmly on the affordable side.

Boston Highest ranked university: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1st) Average international tuition fees: US$43,900 Before baulking at the high tuition fees, remember that Boston (or rather, the neighboring student town of Cambridge) is home to two of the world’s most elite universities: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, ranked 1st and 4th in the world respectively. Both universities offer need-blind admission for all students; this means applicants’ ability to pay is not considered during the admissions process, and the universities pledge to provide sufficient aid to enable all successful

applicants to attend. Boston itself is home to a further five universities ranked within the world’s top 400, reflecting its longstanding reputation as a global hub for academia. The east-coast city is also renowned for its fun-loving student community, its high quality of living, and as a prime location to witness New England’s spectacular autumnal scenes. Arts and culture lovers will find no shortage of venues to explore, while the burgeoning café and restaurant scene leaves no lack of fodder for foodies. And on match days, the whole community gathers to support the local baseball, basketball, hockey and football teams.

Tokyo Highest ranked university: University of Tokyo (31=) Average international tuition fees: US$7,700

While much of the world has been influenced by elements of Japanese culture – not to mention its technological and industrial innovations – the nation itself retains a strong sense of selfsufficiency and authenticity, making it all the more compelling for international visitors. At the center of this captivating culture, the heart of the world’s thirdlargest economy, and at the forefront of modern technology and fine dining

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city’s residents come from outside Canada, and this has led to vibrant cultural microcosms springing up across the city, impacting on art, cuisine, architecture and community events. This eclectic and tolerant atmosphere also contributed to the city’s winning bid to host 2015’s PanAm Games.

Image credits:© sxc.hu

Seoul Highest ranked university: Seoul National University (31=) Average international tuition fees: US$6,300

Toronto is a close rival for the claim to being Canada’s “cultural capital” (boasting more Michelin stars than any other city), Tokyo largely owes its position in the student cities index to high scores for “desirability” and “employer activity”. Amidst all the “organized chaos”, the city’s limits also incorporate no fewer than 12 internationally ranked universities, led by the University of Tokyo (“Todai”). Average annual fees are a little lower here than in fellow Asian city Hong Kong, but once living costs are factored in, there’s little difference between the two. Either option is likely to be significantly cheaper than most destinations in the West – but of course that depends how many of those Michelin-starred restaurants you visit.

Montréal Highest ranked university: McGill University (21st) Average international tuition fees: US$14,300

Canada’s leading entry in the index, albeit by just one place, Montréal is known for its attractive mix of European and North American influences. Its past as a French colony is reflected not just in the city’s bilingual population, but also in the wider lifestyle; you’ll find evidence of this legacy in the architecture, cuisine, café culture, and perhaps even in the general outlook of the locals.

Within the top 10 cities featured here, Montréal is one of the most affordable options, with fees at its three internationally ranked universities comparatively on the low side. However, living costs are fairly high, meaning affordability is Montréal’s lowest-scoring category. Its highest score, meanwhile, is for “student mix”; its student community is one of the most internationally diverse around.

Toronto Highest ranked university: University of Toronto (22nd) Average international tuition fees: US$21,700

Directly behind Montréal in the overall ranking, Toronto is also a close rival for the claim to being Canada’s “cultural capital”. Boasting booming art, fashion, creative and foodie scenes, Toronto gets the highest overall score for “desirability” in the 2015 edition of the QS Best Student Cities, and ranks fourth out of 140 cities in The Economist’s Global Liveability Report. Academically too, the city shines, offering three internationally ranked universities to match Montréal’s selection. Toronto also more than holds its own when it comes to multicultural diversity; it is estimated that more than half of the

Making its way into the top 10 of the QS Best Student Cities for the first time this year, the South Korean capital has also been highlighted as one of the world’s most economically competitive cities of the coming decade, in The Economist’s “Overall 2025 City Competitiveness” ranking. A vast city by anyone’s standards, the Seoul Capital Area has a population of over 25.6 million. This area is home to an impressive 14 internationally ranked universities, led by Seoul National University, currently at a level pegging with Tokyo’s Todai. The nation’s wider growth – particularly in research and development-focused fields – is wellrepresented in its capital; 15 Fortune Global 500 companies are headquartered here, including Samsung, LG and Hyundai-Kia. Culturally, Seoul is just as dazzling. Behind the steel and glass exterior, the city continues to embrace its unique culture and traditions, in its night markets, open-all-hours tea houses, Buddhist temples and traditional saunas, all set to a backdrop of South Korea’s magnificent natural landscape of surrounding mountains, national parks and the winding Han River. Which of the world’s top student cities is your perfect match?

Explore the full interactive index at www.TopUniversities.com/Best-Student-Cities

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Feature

QS Scholarships Every year QS offers exclusive graduate-level scholarships worth a total of US$1.7 million. Laura Bridgestock speaks to seven of 2015’s successful applicants.

As part of its commitment to supporting talented students worldwide, QS offers exclusive funding opportunities to attendees of the QS World Grad School Tour and QS World MBA Tour, worth a total of US$1.7 million annually. This includes scholarships offered in partnership with leading universities and business schools around the world, as well

as awards which can be used to support a master’s or PhD program at any accredited institution. Read on to meet some of 2015’s successful scholarship applicants, and get inspiration and advice for your own application.

QS Academic Excellence Scholarship Awarded annually to a student enrolling in a master’s or PhD program, the QS Academic Excellence Scholarship aims to support those with a strong academic track record and potential to excel at graduate level and beyond.

“I would highly recommend getting someone else to read what you’ve written”

This year’s recipient, Stephen Jarvis, is returning to academia after spending several years working for the UK government on energy policy, having completed his BA in Economics in 2012. The scholarship will help him fund a master’s degree specializing in energy and resources at the University of California, Berkeley. Stephen has already co-authored a research paper exploring growth in global energy demand and carbon emissions, applying theories traditionally used to explain the behavior of natural systems in order to analyze similar patterns in manmade resource distribution networks. This research raised several questions which he’s keen to pursue further, and which he believes have an important contribution to make in helping us build more sustainable societies. “For me this kind of research is not just armchair theorizing,” he says. “I firmly believe that answering these kinds of

QS Academic Excellence Scholarship Value: US$10,000 Winner: Stephen Jarvis questions is critical to understanding why we use the energy that we do, and how we can implement tangible change in the future.” Having already been placed on a fast-track program towards doctoral research, Stephen intends to progress from his master’s to a PhD. He’d then like to take on a role in policy development, hoping one day to establish his own consultancy dedicated to advising on energy and climate change issues.

Advice for other applicants: “I would highly recommend getting someone else to read what you’ve written. My applications have always been greatly improved after I’ve gotten someone to pass a critical eye over them. On a more general level, it’s important to resist the temptation to get fatalistic about your chances of success. That probably sounds a bit rich coming from someone who has just been fortunate enough to actually get a scholarship, but I’ve certainly had my fair share of rejection letters as well!”

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QS Leadership Scholarship The QS Leadership Scholarship is awarded annually to a student who shows strong leadership skills, alongside a commitment to making a positive difference within a community or professional sector. This year’s winner, Canadian student Lee MacPherson, impressed the judges with his innovative use of improvised comedy to inspire English-language students in Japan. Since completing a bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2010, Lee has been working abroad in Japan. Following the catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, he decided to stay in the country, despite being surrounded by daily images of trauma. Keen to try something completely new and altogether different, he signed up for improvised comedy classes. “I began to understand that my role was not just that of an educator, but a cultural ambassador and a role model,” Lee says. “I thought improv might be a good way to make me a better teacher, and I was hoping it might help bring some laughter and positivity back to my students.” He soon realized the greatest lesson he could teach his students was to stop worrying about being wrong

“Organizations outside the university, such as QS, are a great place to seek funding”

QS Connect Masters 1-2-1 Scholarship Value: US$2,000 Winner: Doris Fang

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

“Do your research, find out what is available to you, and take these opportunities seriously”

QS Leadership Scholarship Value: US$10,000 Winner: Lee MacPherson – a concept which is at the heart of improvised comedy. Through a series of games and frequent bursts of laughter, he encouraged them to stop fearing mistakes and enjoy using language creatively. He was rewarded by seeing them make significant progress, both within and outside the classroom. One student went on to win first prize in a UNESCOsponsored competition, citing Lee’s inspirational teaching as having shown her “a new way of thinking”. Another made such a complete transformation that her family approached Lee to thank him for the role he’d played in helping her become more confident in all areas of her life.

Currently working as an executive search consultant at one of Japan’s biggest recruitment consultancies, Lee is preparing to relocate to the UK to start the Master of International Human Resource Management and Comparative Industrial Relations at Manchester Business School. Advice for other applicants: “Do your research, find out what is available to you, and take these opportunities seriously. I wasn’t sure whether to apply for this and other scholarships at first, because they are quite competitive. However, putting in the effort was one of the best decisions I ever made.”

QS Connect Masters 1-2-1 Scholarship Each year the Connect Masters 1-2-1 Scholarship is awarded to a participant in the Connect Masters 1-2-1 scheme, which arranges one-to-one meetings between prospective students and representatives of leading universities from around the world, as part of the QS World Grad School Tour. This year’s winner is Chinese student Doris Fang, who is preparing to commence the Master in Management Sciences at Georgia State University, US, with a focus on human resource management. She says the funding means she can now spend less time worrying about finances, and more time focusing not only on her studies,

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Continued from page 33

but also on the voluntary work she’s passionate about.

formalize and extend her knowledge of HR through a dedicated master’s program.

Since completing a BA in International Business with German at the University of Nottingham’s branch campus in Ningbo, Doris has spent the past four years gaining professional experience. Most recently, she’s been working as an HR specialist at global resources company BHP Billiton, an experience which has left her keen to

After completing her studies, Doris hopes to find a role in consulting, offering human resources-related solutions. “One of the things I like about consulting is being the agent of change,” she explains, adding that she’s also interested in helping international companies enter and succeed in the fast-growing Chinese market.

“Research is the key. Most importantly, don’t give up on your dreams”

Advice for other applicants: “I would suggest looking through the website of the university you’re intending to apply to. Normally, the university’s website will give a great deal of resources on scholarships, financial aid and other funding. However, for international students the funding might be limited. Therefore, organizations outside the university, such as QS, are also great place to seek funding.”

“Just try it. Even if your chances to win seem quite small, it is worth trying”

QS-Manchester Business School Scholarship Value: 50% of tuition fees Winners: Thuy Phamova Thanh and Constanze Häbel

QS-Manchester Business School Scholarships Another partner in the QS Scholarships scheme, the UK’s Manchester Business School (MBS) offers two exclusive scholarships for attendees of the QS World Grad School Tour each year. Each award covers 50% of tuition fees for selected students enrolling in a master’s program at Manchester Business School, which is part of the University of Manchester.

Supply Chain Management, while Thuy will enroll in the MSc Marketing. Both are continuing their studies directly from undergraduate level, recognizing that a specialized master’s degree will help them progress into their target career roles more rapidly. For Constanze, this will mean seeking out a position in supply chain management at an international company, while Thuy is aiming to find a role combining personal creativity and in-depth marketing knowledge.

This year’s winners are Thuy Phamova Thanh, originally from Vietnam but raised in the Czech Republic, and Constanze Häbel, from Germany. Constanze is preparing to start the school’s MSc Operations, Project and

Constanze points out that the global reputation of Manchester Business School will be a valuable asset once she enters the graduate employment market, adding that she’s looking forward to “meeting motivated students and building up

an international network” during her studies. Meanwhile Thuy highlights the encouragement and sense of personal validation the scholarship has provided, saying it’s helped her to believe she’s “on the right track and ready to succeed”. Advice for other applicants: “Research is the key. Talk to people and search using various resources, such as libraries, internet or books, for available funding opportunities. Most importantly, don’t give up on your dreams.” – Thuy “Just try it. Even if your chances to win seem quite small, it is worth trying. Everybody has the same chance to receive a scholarship, so you just have to apply.” – Constanze

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QS-EDHEC Business School Scholarship Each year, QS partners with France’s EDHEC Business School to offer an exclusive scholarship for students enrolling in an MSc or MiM program. Covering 50% of tuition fees, the scholarship is awarded to applicants who demonstrate high levels of academic excellence, alongside a clear vision of how studying at EDHEC will help them achieve their educational and professional goals.

“Start by understanding what you want to do, and why studying is important to you”

QS-EDHEC Business School Scholarship Value: 50% of tuition fees Winner: Valentina Sandulova

This year, the scholarship goes to Russian student Valentina Sandulova, who is preparing to commence the MSc in Management Studies at EDHEC’s Lille campus. Since completing an MSc in International Economics two years ago, Valentina has been working as a sales manager at international retail group Auchan. After spending eight months working in France as part of this role, she was keen to gain further international experience. “Having had a great educational

background and internship experience in a leading French company both in Russia and France, Valentina expressed a great desire to develop her professionalism in the fields of business innovation, international corporation management and leadership in a crosscultural environment,” says the school’s international admissions manager,

QS-IE University Scholarship Spain’s IE University is another partner in the QS Scholarships scheme, offering exclusive scholarships to QS World Grad School Tour attendees, worth 50% of tuition fees for a master’s program. This year’s successful applicant is Salimatou Balde from France, who is preparing to study IE’s Master of Corporate Communication.

field of interest, plus an entrepreneurial mind-set and a multicultural and global network.” After completing the course, she aims to join a start-up working in digital technology and education, and one day hopes to launch her own company, with a focus on “using communication channels to improve and positively impact diverse aspects of our society”.

“We were looking for candidates who had a strong academic background, good professional merit and who had excelled in the admission process, in addition to submitting well-written and coherent essays,” says Francisco Chabran, associate director of financial aid at IE. He adds that Salimatou showed strong academic potential and a commitment to joining the IE community, both during her studies and as a future alumna.

Having not been sure whether she could afford to take up her place at IE, Salimatou says receiving this scholarship has made a huge difference. “I can now fully invest myself into my master’s degree without being worried about the financial part,” she shares.

Salimatou says she was attracted by the “full set of competencies” covered by the program, saying she hopes to gain “very practical hands-on experience in my

Advice for other applicants: “Don’t be afraid to apply. You’ll definitely get more chances to win if you try than if you don’t! Take the time to analyze the application essay topic. Identify all the key words, take time to understand them and strictly stick to the question when you answer.”

Darya Leshchenko. “We’re proud to be able to help her achieve her objectives.” Advice for other applicants: “Start by understanding what you want to do, and why studying is important to you. Be patient, keep applying, and make sure you manage your time well so you meet all the deadlines.”

“Take the time to analyze the application essay topic” QS-IE University Scholarship Value: 50% of tuition fees Winner: Salimatou Balde

For the full list of QS Scholarships and information on how to apply, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Scholarships

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International Applications Timeline

Not sure what to do when? Laura Tucker guides you through each stage of your international application journey. 12-18 months before The earlier you start thinking about studying abroad, the easier it will be to stay calm when those big deadlines start to loom. You’ll want to get started at least 12 months before your intended studies, and 18 months prior for countries like the US. At this stage you should be deciding which country you want to study in, what type of program you’re interested in, and start shortlisting potential institutions to apply to. You may want to visit the country guides on TopUniversities.com for an overview of each location, and use the QS World University Rankings by Subject to identify each country’s top performers in your disciplines.

As well as making a note of application and scholarship deadlines, you should also check if you’ll need to take an admissions test or language proficiency test for the programs you’re applying to. This will ensure you have plenty of time to prepare and take the tests, with the option of re-sits if necessary. 10-12 months before After your research stage, you’ll need to create a shortlist of your final top choices. From there, you should review the updated admission requirements and application process of each school, being sure to follow the process laid out by each. Make a checklist of all the admissions requirements and the

supporting documentation you need to provide for each application. This will typically include your degree certificate and transcripts, a valid passport, a CV and cover letter, one or more academic references, a research proposal (for PhDs), and a certificate of language proficiency. Then spend the next two months or so collecting everything you need for submission. If language proficiency (e.g. IELTS/ TOEFL) or admissions test results (e.g. GRE/GMAT) are required, and you haven’t yet taken the tests, now’s the time to arrange this so you receive the results in time. Some schools may also require translations of foreign

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12-18 months before

10-12 months before

8-10 months before

6-8 months before

4-6 months before

Research

Shortlist

Apply

Funding

Visa

documentation; if this is the case, you’ll need to get your documents officially translated by the issuing institution, a translator or an authorized notary. If you need a student visa for your planned studies, you’re likely to need a passport which is valid for at least six months after your expected return date, so now’s a good time to check that and apply for a passport renewal. 8-10 months before After collecting all your supporting documents, you’ll need to prepare your application and write any required application essays. It is around this time that universities begin to accept submissions, often up until May/ June for international students or up until January/February for domestic or EU students applying to EU countries. Despite this seemingly long submission period, it is advisable to submit your application as early as possible, as places may fill up before the specified deadline. Prospective medical and dental students in particular should apply early, due to the competitive nature of these programs. 6-8 months before While waiting to receive news of the status of your application(s), you might think there’s not a lot you can do. But this is actually a perfect time to figure out a financial plan by talking to your sponsors/parents and researching other funding options such as loans, government financial aid and

scholarships. This information can often be found on university websites as well as government education websites in both your home and host countries. For some schemes you’ll have to wait until you receive your university acceptance letter before applying, but it’s useful to make a list of scholarships/schemes you wish to apply for, so that you’re ready to get going as soon as possible. Some schools like to conduct an interview with applicants before granting admission. If you live abroad, don’t panic, as this is often arranged as a video call and works just like a normal interview. 4-6 months before After gaining admission (hurrah!) and applying for funding anywhere and everywhere you can, your biggest priority will be to make sure you’re allowed to study legally. If you’re an EU student looking to study elsewhere within the EU, or you’re studying internationally for just a semester, you probably won’t require a student visa. But, in most other cases, this is likely to be your next challenge. Some visa processes can take up to six months, so make sure to apply for a visa as soon as possible using the information provided on the website of your host country’s embassy/consulate. While student visa information is readily available online, your university may also provide visa guidelines and links to relevant websites. If you have any queries, get them answered by your school’s admissions team or through the

2-4 months before

Everything else!

relevant embassy/consulate. Sometimes, particularly for countries such as the US, visa applicants may also need to attend an interview. This is to help the visa authorities determine whether your motives for wanting to enter the country are genuine; always be as honest as possible, both on paper and in person. If you’re hoping to undertake a parttime job to cover your living costs, you should make sure you’re aware of any visa restrictions on the number of hours you can work and any other official employment regulations you must adhere to. 2-4 months before Now you’ve ticked off the hardest parts, don’t think you’ll be twiddling your thumbs until the start of term Still to be done is to arrange transport, book your initial accommodation (if you are not eligible for on-campus residence), make a shopping list of course materials and other essentials, and compile a checklist of stuff you need to pack. Take extra time to focus on small details, such as how you’ll get to your accommodation upon arrival (can you take the bus/tube or will you have to get a taxi?) or which bank offers the best accounts for international students, as this will make for a much smoother first few days. Your university should also offer guidance, and may even provide a dedicated introduction pack designed to help international students get started.

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Get help with your application

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

QS Course Finder A comprehensive online directory of courses in the business and management field, QS Course Finder helps prospective students identify programs that match their own requirements. The service currently features more than 7,000 UK courses, 11,000 elsewhere in Europe, and 11,000 courses in Australia – with more countries and courses continually added. QS Course Finder also offers a free student support service, with a team available to personally answer questions and provide advice. Where possible, meetings and interviews with admissions directors are arranged, helping candidates build relationships with universities throughout the application process. The site’s blog also covers everything from travel tips to alumni insights. To find out more, visit www.QSCourses.com. QS Advance A support service for prospective students in the UK wishing to study abroad in Australia, QS Advance provides free information sessions, consultations and application assistance. Based in London, the QS Advance team helps candidates throughout their journey, from the early stages of research through the entire application process and right up to the start of term. For free expert advice on admissions, tuition fees and living costs, student visas, campus life and travel arrangements, visit www.TopUniversities. com/QSAdvance. QS Connect Masters 1-2-1 QS Connect Masters 1-2-1 offers prospective master’s students the opportunity to schedule personal meetings with representatives of leading international universities and business schools. Participating students are matched with schools based on their interests, ambitions and academic background, receiving a tailored schedule of one-toone meetings with admissions directors. Connect Masters 1-2-1 interviews take place in the same location and on the same day as the QS World Grad School Tour, making it easy for attendees to make the most of both events. To apply for free participation in the scheme, visit ConnectMasters.TopUniversities.com.

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Graduate Admissions Tests at a Glance For tens of thousands of applicants each year, graduate admissions exams are the first hurdle to pass. Hasna Haidar takes a look at six of the most common tests.

f you’re applying for a graduate-level degree, you probably have a long checklist of things you need to do for a successful application – and that’s likely to include some admissions test results. Used to test the ability of university applicants in a fair and standardized way, these tests are internationally delivered. Each focuses on assessing skills and knowledge within a particular field, aiming to provide an indication of the extent to which an

applicant is prepared for the rigors of advanced study in his/her chosen discipline. According to the most recent statistics, the GRE (Graduate Record Examinations) was taken by approximately 572,779 grad school applicants in the 2013/14 period, while the more specialized LSAT (Law School Admission Test) was taken by 105,532 unique applicants in the same period. Numbers for the MCAT (Medical College

Admission Test) have been rising steadily since records began, with test-takers numbering 94,907 in 2013. If you’re about to join those numbers in the coming period, here’s a quick guide to help you decide which graduate admissions tests are most relevant to you, what to expect from each, any associated costs and some helpful resources to ensure you’re fully prepared.

GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test Administered by

Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC)

Target audience

Business school applicants.

Required by

Business schools.

Purpose

To assess a candidate’s suitability for postgraduate business school, by assessing verbal, mathematical, quantitative and analytical skills.

Duration

3 hours and 30 minutes (4 hours if you choose to take the optional breaks).

Test content

1. Analytical Writing Assessment: An essay analyzing and critiquing an argument (one essay in 30 minutes). 2. Quantitative: Multiple choice questions testing the candidate’s basic math skills and ability to solve problems and understand data (37 questions in 75 minutes). 3. Verbal: Multiple choice questions testing the candidate’s ability to read and understand written material, evaluate arguments and correct written material to conform to standard English (41 questions in 75 minutes). 4. Integrated Reasoning: A multiple choice section which measures a candidate’s ability to evaluate information presented in different formats and from multiple sources (12 questions in 30 minutes).

Scoring

The verbal and quantitative sections are both scored from 0-60; the analytical writing assignment is scored on a scale of 0-6 (in increments of 0.5); the integrated reasoning section is marked on a scale of 1-8 (increments of 1). You also receive a percentile rating for each part of the test, indicating the percentage of test-takers you outperformed, and a ‘Total’ score which is calculated based on the verbal and quantitative sections. This is given on a scale of 200-800. You are able to choose up to five schools to send your score report to, with additional reports available for an extra fee. If you are unsatisfied with your score, you can retake the test a maximum of five times over a 12 month period, but be aware that all scores from the previous five years will be included on the scorecard sent to the schools you apply to. Results can be cancelled immediately on completion of the test, before you have received your score.

Cost

US$250 (worldwide).

Valid for

Five years (older scores are available but are not always considered to be an accurate measure of your current standard).

Results needed

Most candidates achieve a score of between 400 and 600; extremely high or low scores are rare. There are no straightforward passes or fails, and the score you need will depend entirely on the school to which you are applying.

Points to note

Multiple choice sections begin with an intermediate-level question. A correct answer will lead to a more difficult question, while an incorrect answer does the opposite – this is called a computer adaptive test (CAT). To complete a section, you must work through the most difficult questions. You cannot go back and change answers, or return to questions you have skipped. There is a penalty for not finishing all the questions you need to in the allotted time. The GMAT is only delivered in English.

Resources

The official site (www.mba.com) offers free prep software for registered users. This uses the same software as the test itself so should serve as an accurate simulation. Candidates can also choose to enroll on a prep course (for a fee), buy a GMAT review book, or make use of many other online resources.

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GRE - Graduate Record Examinations Administered by

Educational Testing Service (ETS)

Target audience

Prospective graduate students across all disciplines.

Required by

Graduate schools and departments.

Purpose

GRE scores are used to assess the suitability of applicants for graduate-level study across many subject areas. Some departments may ask applicants to take one of the GRE Subject Tests, offered in seven disciplines, but more commonly students require the GRE revised General Test. The Subject Tests assess knowledge in a particular field, while the revised General Test assesses verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning and analytical writing.

Duration

3 hours and 45 minutes (3 hours and 30 minutes for the paper-based version). This includes six sections with a 10-minute break after the third for the computer-based test and after the second for the paper-based test.

Test content

1. Analytical Writing: Two essays (30 minutes each). The first asks candidates to put forward a perspective on an issue; the second requires an analysis of an argument. This section tests candidates’ ability to articulate ideas, present supporting evidence, sustain a focussed discussion, and use the English language correctly. 2. Verbal Reasoning: A mostly multiple choice section which tests candidates’ ability to analyze and evaluate written material and synthesize information, understand multiple levels of meaning, analyze relationships between component parts of sentences and recognize relationships between words and concepts. Two sets of 20 questions (25 for paper-based test), each set lasting 30 minutes (35 for paperbased test). 3. Quantitative Reasoning: Mostly multiple choice, with a few questions requiring candidates to enter a number. This section tests candidates’ ability to understand basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry and data analysis, solve problems using mathematical models, and reason numerically. Includes an on-screen calculator, or a calculator will be provided by the test center. Two sets of 20 questions (25 for paper-based test), each set lasting 35 minutes (40 for paper-based test).

Unscored sections

An unidentified section and/or a research section may be included at the end of the test. These are used by the test provider to develop new questions or for other research purposes, and do not affect candidates’ scores.

Scoring

Candidates receive a score for each section. Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning are measured on a scale of 130-170, in one-point increments. Analytical writing is scored on a scale of 0-6, in half-point increments. You cannot pass or fail the GRE, but admissions departments may require applicants to achieve a specific score. If you are unhappy with your score, you can re-sit the test a maximum of five times over a 12 month period. When sending score cards to admissions departments, candidates can choose whether to include only their most recent score, or all scores from the previous five years. You can choose up to four institutions to send score reports to, or more for an extra fee. You can cancel results immediately after completing the test if you wish.

Cost

US$185 (worldwide).

Valid for

Five years.

Points to note

The GRE is only delivered in English. It is administered by computer all year round, but a paper-based version is offered at centers where the computer-based test cannot be delivered. Candidates sitting this version are allowed slightly longer for the Verbal and Quantitative sections (see above). Unlike many admissions tests, you are allowed to skip questions within a section and go back to change answers if you need to, and you can choose which questions you want to answer first. The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) is used in the US and Canada as an alternative to the GRE, measuring verbal comprehension and analytical reasoning, and takes 60 minutes to complete.

Resources

The official site (www.ets.org/gre) features sample questions and offers free software which simulates the test. This is also where you can register for the GRE. Various third-party preparatory resources are also available, both online and in print.

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TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language Administered by

Educational Testing Service (ETS)

Target audience

Those wishing to study a program delivered in English.

Required by

Institutions offering programs in English (this includes English language degrees in non-Anglophone countries). Also accepted as proof of English language proficiency in countries where this is required to obtain a visa.

Purpose

To test a candidate’s proficiency in English.

Duration

4 hours and 30 minutes, with a mandatory 10-minute break midway through.

Test content

1. Reading: 36-56 questions based on three or four passages from academic texts (60-80 minutes). 2. Listening: 34-51 questions based on audio recordings of lectures, classroom discussions and conversations (60-90 minutes). 3. Speaking: Six tasks, requiring candidates to talk about a topic familiar to them, as well as about issues relating to the material in the reading and listening tasks (20 minutes). 4. Writing: Two essays, one based on topics introduced during the reading and listening tasks, the other requiring candidates to express and support an opinion (50 minutes).

Scoring

Each section is scored out of 30 to give an overall score out of 120. Test-takers also receive performance feedback. The cost of the test includes free score reports for up to four institutions, and additional reports for an extra fee. Guidance on the score you need should be given by the institution. The paper-based TOEFL scores each section separately with a score range of 31 to 68 for the listening and structure/written expressions sections, and 31 to 67 for the reading comprehension sections, giving a total score of between 310 and 677. The TWE (Test of Written Expression) is exclusively used for paper-based testing and comprises a 30-minute essay. This is separately scored on a scale of 1 to 6.

Cost

Varies depending on test center location. Example prices: Milan – US$245; Sofia – US$215; Seoul – US$185; Hyderabad – US$170; Bogota – US$220.

Valid for

Two years.

Points to note

Before taking an English proficiency exam, be sure to check which tests are accepted by the institution you are applying to. A paper-based test is offered at some centers where the standard internet version cannot be provided. This lasts about four hours, with four sections: Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and the Test of Written English. The TOEFL PBT (paper-based test) is being phased out, with the TOEFL iBT (internet-based test) replacing it. A standard QWERTY keyboard is used to administer the TOEFL iBT, so make sure to familiarize yourself with one before taking the test.

Resources

Various study resources, including sample questions, are available on the official site www.ets.org/toefl.

LSAT - Law School Admission Test Administered by

Law School Admission Council (LSAC)

Target audience

Students who wish to enroll in law school at JD level.

Required by

Law schools in the US and Canada, and a growing number of law schools elsewhere in the world.

Purpose

The LSAT is designed to measure skills considered necessary for success at law school, including comprehending and analyzing complex texts, organizing information and evaluating arguments.

Duration

2 hours and 55 minutes.

Test content

The LSAT is delivered in five sections lasting 35 minutes each, with three different types of multiple choice question. 1. Reading Comprehension: These questions test a candidate’s ability to understand complex passages of text and make reasoned judgments based on this information. 2. Analytical Reasoning: These questions test ability to draw logical conclusions based on statements which describe relationships between various people, objects and events. 3. Logical Reasoning: A test of ability to critically evaluate and complete arguments, by answering questions based on a short passage of text.

Scoring

Raw scores (number of questions answered correctly) are converted to a score on the LSAT scale of 120-180. All questions are weighted equally. One of the five sections is called the ‘variable section’. This does not contribute to your score and is used to trial new questions. A final extra section is a writing sample which is not scored, but will be sent to all the institutions you apply to. You will also get a percentile rank, indicating how many people you outperformed. You can retake the test, but not more than three times over any two-year period. Institutions will be sent the results of all tests (up to 12) for which you have registered.

Cost

US$175.

Valid for

Five years.

Points to note

The LSAT can be taken at test centers around the world, on up to four dates during the year. If you live more than 100 miles from a listed test center, you cannot travel to a published test center, and you do not live in China, you can request that the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) sets up a non-published center. This costs US$260 within the US, or US$345 internationally. Many law schools require applicants to take a test in December at the latest for admission the following academic year. The LSAT is offered in Spanish in test centers in Puerto Rico.

Resources

Past papers and sample questions are available free of charge from LSAC (www.lsac.org). Additional materials may also be purchased.

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IELTS - International English Language Testing System Administered by

Jointly operated by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia, and Cambridge English Language Assessment

Target audience

Those wishing to study a program delivered in English.

Required by

Institutions offering programs in English (this includes English language degrees in non-Anglophone countries). Accepted as proof of English language proficiency in countries where this is required to obtain a visa.

Purpose

To test a candidate’s proficiency in English, for an academic or general context.

Duration

2 hours and 45 minutes, including 15 minutes for the speaking test.

Test content

There are two versions of the test: IELTS Academic and IELTS General Training. Both are divided into four sections, with the same content for the Listening and Speaking sections, but different Reading and Writing sections. The Academic version focuses more on English in a higher education context, while General Training focuses more on workplace, migration and social situations. Make sure you know which version you need to take when you complete the application form. 1. Listening: 40 questions based on four recordings of conversations and monologues. The audio content features a range of different accents (30 minutes). 2. Reading: 40 questions based on three passages of text. For the IELTS Academic, these texts may include graphs or illustrations, and may be taken from sources including books, journals, magazines and newspapers (one hour). 3. Writing: Two tasks. For the IELTS Academic, these are a short formal essay and a task in which candidates must describe or explain a table, chart or other diagram (one hour). 4. Speaking: A face-to-face interview, in which test-takers must answer simple questions, speak about a familiar topic, and participate in a structured discussion with a certified examiner. This section can be taken up to seven days before or after the other three (which are all taken together without breaks) and lasts 11-14 minutes.

Scoring

Each of the four sections is marked on a scale from one to nine, with band one indicating a non-user and nine an expert user. Candidates also receive an overall score on the same scale. Institutions are responsible for setting their own target scores. There is no limit to the number of times the test can be retaken. Your Test Report Form (TRF) with your score will be sent free of charge to up to five institutions which you will have listed on your IELTS application form. More TRF forms can be requested for an extra fee.

Cost

A set fee, but this varies according to local currency. Sample prices: Tokyo – 24,675 Yen; Kuala Lumpur – MYR 630; New Delhi – INR 10,400; São Paulo – BRL 500. You will also have to pay for overseas postage of your TRF and any courier services costs.

Valid for

Two years.

Points to note

Before taking an English proficiency exam, be sure to check which tests are accepted by the institution you are applying to.

Resources

Various study resources, including sample questions, are available on the official site www.ielts.org.

MCAT - Medical College Admission Test Administered by

American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC)

Target audience

Students who wish to enroll in a postgraduate medical program.

Required by

Medical and veterinary schools in the US and Canada.

Purpose

The MCAT is designed to measure skills necessary for success at medical school, such as problem solving, analysis, critical thinking and knowledge of scientific concepts and principles.

Duration

Up to 5 hours, with optional 10-minute breaks after each section.

Test content

1. Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems: 59 questions testing knowledge of biological and biochemical concepts along with scientific inquiry and research skills (95 minutes). 2. Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems: 59 questions testing problem-solving ability and knowledge of chemical and physical foundational concepts. Scientific inquiry and research skills also analyzed (95 minutes). 3. Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior: 59 questions focusing on understanding of how psychological, social and biological factors influence perceptions and behaviors (95 minutes). 4. Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills: This section tests ability to understand and think critically by asking candidates to read and analyze passages from a range of multidisciplinary texts before answering related questions (53 passage-based questions; 90 minutes).

Scoring

You will be scored for each of the four sections between 118 and 132, along with an overall score of 472 to 528. The median overall score is 500. You will also get a percentile rank, indicating how many people you outperformed. You can retake the test, but only three sittings are allowed in the year (it’s advised to re-sit the MCAT early in the calendar year, and remember that voided or unattended test bookings also count among your three attempts). Scores are available at the MCAT Testing History (THx) System, which includes all scores from 1991 to the present. At the end of the exam, you have the option to score or void your exam; this decision cannot be reversed.

Cost

US$300 registration fee + US$95 international fee.

Valid for

Depends on the institution; most accept scores no more than two to three years old.

Points to note

The MCAT can be taken at test centers in the US and Canada as well as internationally on specific dates. As of April 2015 the format changed completely to better focus on the requirements of future doctors – so be sure your practice materials are up to date.

Resources

Past papers and sample questions, free e-MCAT practice tests and preparatory information are available from AAMC (www.aamc.org). Additional practice tests and materials may also be purchased, including the official MCAT self-assessment package. Get more admissions advice at www.TopUniversities.com/Student-Info/Admissions-Advice

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Feature

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Guide to Funding Your Graduate Studies Need funding? Join the club! But don’t despair – there are plenty of opportunities, if you just know where to look, Laura Tucker writes.

f you’re concerned about gaining funding for university, you’re in good company. This is one of the prevailing needs of prospective students across the planet, further fuelled by steady rises in global tuition fees. It’s not simply tuition costs that graduate students have to contend with; other costs include administrative and student services fees, course materials, food, travel,

accommodation, visa expenses, insurance costs, and other personal expenses. There is good news, however! Growing numbers of leading universities and national governments are stepping up efforts to make funding available, to ensure higher education remains accessible and to attract talented students from a broad spectrum of backgrounds and nationalities.

Sources of graduate funding First tip: start looking for funding immediately. Right now. Go! Do it! Even before you choose your university, it’s incredibly useful to know about the funding opportunities out there, so there’s no such thing as starting too early. Bear in mind that scholarship deadlines are often in the spring, for programs beginning in the fall of the same year. To help

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you find your way through this funding jungle, we bring you a breakdown of the most common types of graduate funding available around the world. Home and host country governments The first place you should check for funding opportunities is the Ministry/ Department of Education in both your home and host country. Government funds come in the form of sponsorships, loans, grants, scholarships, studentships and bursaries, each with distinct rules regarding eligibility, deadlines, application procedures and amount of funding awarded. Universities and higher education institutions (HEIs) Many universities and other HEIs offer some sort of financial aid for their students, be that fellowships, scholarships, grants, awards or bursaries. Funding information is usually accessible on the university’s website, where the eligibility criteria (subject, nationality, past grades etc.) will be listed. Scholarships The great thing about scholarships (and the reason everyone wants one) is that they never need to be repaid. They are also extremely diverse. Award amounts can range from as little as US$100 to full tuition fee waivers, and scholarships may be merit-based, need-based, need-blind, university-specific, course-specific, subjectspecific, career-specific, demographicspecific, country-specific, ability-specific, or some combination of the above. While most are based solely on academic merit, others target students with certain interests, skills, ambitions or backgrounds. Teaching and research assistantships Assistantships (also known as studentships in some countries) provide funding for postgraduate students in exchange for time spent working in a teaching or research role, often in the form of a modest salary and/or tuition fee waiver. They may be funded by the university department or your supervisor’s research budget, or by an external funding body with vested interests in your research. Although rarely offered for professional degrees such

as the JD, MBA or MD, assistantships are common for PhD programs and particularly among STEM subjects. Charities and special interest groups Charities, trusts, learned societies and special interest groups often dedicate a portion of their budget to fund graduate studies. While some organizations target specific and niche demographics, many provide funding for students with financial difficulty, from lower income backgrounds and/or those with demonstrable academic excellence. Employer contributions If you’re currently working, you may be able to persuade your employer to sponsor your postgraduate education. Most companies support staff training and development and may even have a budget set aside for the personal and professional development (PPD) of their employees. To get the best chance, state your professional goals and career prospects, and/or your vision of long-term development within the company to your employer, rather than simply mentioning your own academic or personal interests. If successful, you may need to sign an agreement tying you to the company for a period of usually one to two years following graduation. Student and professional development loans While common in North America, student loans are mainly only offered at undergraduate level in countries like the UK. A possible alternative is a professional development loan, offered by UK banks for students who intend to work in the UK, EU, Norway, Liechtenstein or Iceland upon graduation. The loan funds up to two years of study, covers course fees and some living costs, and has more flexible repayment terms than a regular bank loan. Peer-to-peer or social lending Peer-to-peer (P2P) or social lending is another way of getting a loan, where the money comes from private lenders and investors. Online platforms specifically

for the student market include GraduRates. com and StudentFunder.com. While offering more flexible repayment, the lending is unsecured and a solid credit history may be required. National research councils National research councils (RCs) are often the main public-sector distributors of investment in research, including that conducted by postgraduate students. Examples include the European Research Council within the EU and the National Research Councils in the US and Canada. To be eligible you’ll need to hold residency within the country where the council is based, along with a good bachelor’s degree and/or relevant work experience. Funds vary but often cover partial or full tuition fees, along with a cost of living grant (known as a stipend), which is usually taxfree. Often you’ll be asked to apply through your chosen university. Student jobs If you intend to supplement your finances with a student job, remember that each country has its own rules about whether, where and how international students can work. Typical visa restrictions include limited working hours during term-time, and rules about whether you can work off-campus or need to stick to jobs within the university. . Part-time study You might also consider enrolling for parttime studies or distance learning, which will mean your tuition fees are spread out over a longer period, while you have more time to work alongside your course commitments. If this is your plan, make sure you have a realistic balance between work and studies. Portfolio funding Portfolio funding involves securing small amounts of money from multiple sources, which could mean applying for all of the above! To do this, students prepare a fundraising pack to send to a range of funding bodies, with a letter explaining who they are, what they want to study and why, what they will give back (either to the individual they address, or society as a whole) and how to make a donation.

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Useful funding resources Australia • JASON (Joint Academic Scholarship Online Network) – search engine for postgraduate scholarships in Australia. • Endeavour Scholarships and Fellowships – government funding opportunities. • Australia Awards – funds for students from developing countries. • University scholarships – various merit-based scholarships are offered by specific universities, such as the University of Adelaide’s Graduate Research Scholarships. Canada • Canadian Government (www. scholarships-bourses.gc.ca) – various government-funded and external scholarship opportunities to study in Canada. • Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD) – offering scholarships for international students. • Canadian Research Councils – graduate scholarships from the NSERC, CIHR, SSHRC and CIFAR. France • CNOUS (Centre National des Œuvres Universitaires et Scolaires) – national and regional bursaries for international students in France. • Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) – graduate scholarships. • Eiffel Scholarships – scholarships for international master’s and PhD students funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MESR). • CIFRE (Industrial Conventions Research Training) – funding for PhD students. • French Ministry of Higher Education and Research – ‘doctoral contracts’ for research students. • French government bursaries – offered by the French embassies in some countries. Germany • DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) – the world’s largest funding

organization for international students studying in Germany. • Alexander von Humboldt Foundation – funding organization for PhD students. • Heinrich Böll Foundation – offering scholarships to study in Germany at all levels. • KAAD (Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst) – scholarships offered to students from developing countries for study in Germany. UK • UK Research Councils – funding offered by the AHRC, BBSRC, EPSRC, ESRC, MRC, NERC and STFC. • UK organizations and charities – including Cancer Research UK, the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) and the Wellcome Trust. • British Council – funds for postgraduates including Erasmus grants and the UK 9/11 Scholarship Fund. • Fulbright Commission – awards for postgraduate studies at any accredited UK university (US students only). • Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) – a UK scheme to help provide funding for professional qualifications. • Chevening Scholarships – scheme for postgraduate international students to study in the UK. • Commonwealth Shared Scholarship Scheme – scholarships for students from Commonwealth countries. • Marshall Scholarship – scheme for US students only. US • Institute of International Education (IIE) – database of US scholarships • Fulbright Commission – offering awards for postgraduate studies and research at accredited US universities (UK students only). • National Science Foundation – one of a few government agencies offering US research grants. • American Association of University Women (AAUW) – providing

international fellowships for women to study in the US. • PEO International – offering scholarships for women to study in the US or Canada. • Hellenic Times Scholarship Fund – fund for Greek students to study in the US. • The Grants Register – an annual funding directory published by Palgrave Macmillan. International graduate funding • CIEE (Council on International Educational Exchange) – funding opportunities include the Global Access Initiative (GAIN) and PING Scholarships. • Leverhulme Trust – international postgraduate studentships in the UK and internationally. • OAS (Organization of American States) – scholarships for students from within the American states, including the OAS Special Caribbean Scholarships Program (SPECAF). • Erasmus+ – international funding opportunities for students and researchers within the EU. • PLOTEUS – online database of EU scholarships. • European Commission – the EC offers Intra-European Fellowships, International Incoming Fellowships and Initial Training Networks (ITN) for researchers in Europe. • Commonwealth Scholarships and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) – funding for students from Commonwealth countries.

All attendees of the QS World Grad School Tour are eligible to apply for the exclusive QS Scholarships scheme, which has a dedicated fund totaling US$1.7 million each year. To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Scholarships

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016

Countries

United States of America From LA to Vegas, New York to Seattle, the US is packed with diverse landscapes, cultures, climates and thriving cities. No wonder the popularity of study in the US keeps on rising, writes Laura Tucker.

espite being overtaken by China in the race to hold the world’s largest national economy, the US remains a booming nation. The world’s fourth largest country by area and third largest by population, it’s a world leader across business, technology and scientific development. Its immense global influence also extends into the cultural domain, thanks to the continued strength of exports such as the Hollywood film industry, along with swathes of successful international retailers and brands. And of course, it’s also home to many of the world’s most prestigious universities, and host to more international students than any other country. The broad appeal of the US also lies in its diversity of lifestyles and settings – stretching from the sophisticated highrises of New York City’s Manhattan to the sun-drenched Californian dream. In between the two shores there’s plenty more to explore: the blues legacy of Illinois, the cowboy culture of Texas, the political buzz of Washington DC and the gritty style of Pennsylvania, to name but a few, all providing unique student experiences.

“The US has more internationally ranked universities than any other nation”

Higher education in the US More than 886,000 international students currently study in the US on bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degree programs, across 50 states and one federal district – an 8% growth compared to the previous year, meaning an additional 66,408 students. That might sound like a lot of extra bodies to accommodate, but this vast nation is certainly not short on space, either in terms of acres or degreegranting institutions, of which there are some 4,500. Teaming quality with quantity, the US claims 144 entrants in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, meaning it has more internationally ranked universities than any other nation. And that includes six universities in the world’s top 10 alone. While it is estimated that 4% of the overall student population are internationals, at graduate level this percentage rises to as much as 15%. The sheer range of programs available and the thousands of funding opportunities for excellent candidates are two of the biggest reasons for the popularity of graduate study in the US, while many are also drawn in by leading research in their fields, world-class teaching and facilities, the opportunity to internationalize their CVs, the flexibility to conduct personal research projects, and of course the

prospect of being immersed in American college life. A particularly high proportion of overseas students are enrolled on STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) programs, with more than a quarter of graduate enrollments within engineering, 20% within earth sciences, mathematics and computer science, and 17% within business. There are two main types of higher education institution in the US: private universities and public universities. While many of the best-known US universities – including the eight prestigious ‘Ivy League’ institutions – are private, there are also plenty of highperforming public universities, such as the University of Los Angeles, California (UCLA) and the University of Michigan. In practice, the experience (and cost) of studying in either the public or private sector is likely to be similar. Applications & visas To be eligible for graduate study in the US, you should have completed a bachelor’s degree or equivalent qualification from an internationally recognized institution. Along with your bachelor degree certificate, you will also likely be asked to provide one or more letters of recommendation, a research proposal (for PhD and post-doctoral applicants),

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Countries

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‘xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ’

graduate admissions test results if required (e.g. GRE/GMAT) and proof of proficiency in English (e.g. TOEFL/IELTS). The competitive nature of leading US universities also means that your cover letter or statement of purpose will be an important part of your application, serving to set out your aspirations and demonstrate your suitability. While some institutions accept applications on an ongoing basis, most colleges offer an early deadline (usually December to January) and a regular deadline (usually March to April). You can apply to as many US universities as you like, but many students carefully select a shortlist of six. US universities often charge an application fee, usually between $50 and $100, though online applications can be cheaper or even free. To study in the US, internationals will need to obtain an F-1 non-immigrant visa. You can only do this when you have secured a place at an SEVPapproved university, and you’ll need to provide proof of sufficient funds for the course duration and a confirmation of your intention to leave the US after completing your studies. In most cases, you’ll be asked to attend an interview at your local US embassy, bringing your application and supporting documents with you and a solid financial plan. If you’re a Canadian or Bermudian citizen you won’t need a visa to study in

“At Harvard upwards of 70% of

students receive help with their fees” the US, but you will still need to obtain an I-20 Certificate of Eligibility form and pay for SEVIS (the student database and tracking system) registration. The non-immigrant visa application fee is currently $160 and the registration fee for SEVIS is $200. Tuition fees, living costs & funding The one fly in the ointment of US education is that tuition fees are not cheap. While private US universities often have one set fee for both local and international students, at public institutions, international students and out-of-state residents should expect to pay more than local students. If you wish to undertake a professional degree such as an MBA, JD, LLM or MD, you should also expect to pay considerably more than for other master’s or PhD programs. HSBC estimates the average yearly cost of university fees in the US is $24,914, meaning a two-year master’s degree would be approaching the $50,000 mark. Fees towards the lower end of the spectrum are most likely to be found among public institutions, within state university systems. College Board reports that annual tuition fees at state

colleges for 2014/15 average $9,139 for state residents and $22,958 for everyone else. This compares to an average cost of $31,231 at private non-profit colleges. The cheapest options of all are two-year community colleges, where average fees for 2014/15 are just $3,347; however, these institutions do not offer graduatelevel education. With fees in mind, it may be a relief to hear that many of those who study in the US do so with some form of financial aid, and often the most competitive institutions offer the most generous support. At Harvard, for example, upwards of 70% of students receive help with their fees, while at MIT, 86% of graduate and professional students receive aid. As US government aid schemes and loans are often off-limits to internationals, financial aid and scholarship programs offered by your chosen school and/or other external organizations are your best bets. This type of financial aid is usually either need- or merit-based – with the former based solely on an assessment of students’ finances and the latter taking into account academic achievements and/or other talents – or a combination of the two. Notably, six major US universities are entirely “need-blind”, pledging to offer sufficient financial

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The US boasts six universities in the world’s top 10 alone assistance for all students (both domestic and international) who are selected for admission, regardless of their financial situation. These schools are Harvard, Amherst, Yale, Dartmouth, Princeton and MIT. While the most generous funding packages are often found at the top end of the private sector, many public universities offer alternative support. An example is the Curricular Practical Training (CPT) scheme, which allows students with F-1 visas to gain paid, off-campus internships to support their studies. Further external funding options include the Fulbright Program, a funding initiative led by the US Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Depending on where you decide to study, the cost of living in the US can vary considerably. Believe it or not, living costs in the US are typically lower than those seen in Australia, Canada, Singapore, the UK or France, with HSBC giving an annual average estimate of $11,651. Suburban and rural areas in the South and Midwest generally have the lowest cost of living, with big cities equaling considerably higher expenses regardless of which state they’re in. To cover living costs, international students are often able to seek work on campus, but work off-campus is restricted by visa regulations. Post-graduation careers A giant in the manufacturing, technology, healthcare, energy and aerospace industries, the US continues

“Your chosen career path may

affect where you choose to stay after your studies” to be a significant global exporter of electronics, machinery, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, air- and spacecraft, and oil. For graduates this means great opportunities not only to get hired, but also to be at the forefront of global innovation within your field. Your chosen career path may also affect where you choose to stay after your studies. If you’re keen to be at the heart of the IT and tech sectors, you’ll no doubt have an eye on California’s ‘Silicon Valley’, located in the San Francisco Bay Area – where juggernauts such as Facebook and Google famously flourished. Media and arts graduates, meanwhile, may gravitate towards the stage lights of Broadway or the star-paved streets of Hollywood, while hopeful politicians may be drawn to political center, Washington DC. Those with a focus on financial services may also be convinced by DC’s strong economy, or else head for the bright lights and world-class financial districts of cities such as New York, Boston, Chicago and San Francisco. Recent reports are showing a strong period of growth for the US jobs market, with 223,000 new jobs created in non-farm industry nationwide in April 2015 alone. Combined with similar monthly growth since January, this constitutes the strongest

quarterly job growth since 1997, with a promising stable unemployment rate of 5.4%. Opportunity areas, based on jobs growth, include professional and business services, healthcare, construction and transportation. After graduation, F-1 visa holders are generally entitled to stay in the country for up to one year of post-graduation practical training. In order to do this you’ll need to apply for a change in visa status within 60 days after graduation, or risk being deported. There are two types of practical training – optional (OPT) and curricular (CPT). Both can be completed either during your degree or after graduation, but must not exceed 12 months and must be in a role directly related to your field of study. Some lucky STEM students may also be eligible to extend their practical training period by an additional 17 months. There are a number of schemes for students, graduates and professionals to help make the transition into employment easier. The Fulbright Commission, for instance, offers short-term work opportunities for internationals, including internships and trainee programs lasting up to one year. Volunteer work may also boost your graduate profile, with providers such as BUNAC, Real Gap and Gap 360 providing work experience on ranches, national parks, construction sites, summer camps and more.

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016

Countries

United Kingdom There’s much more to studying in the UK than drinking tea and re-enacting scenes from Harry Potter. As Joseph Birdsey explains, the UK has many great universities on offer, both old and new, and may have a few tricks up its gowned sleeve to surprise you.

onsistently one of the world’s top destinations for international students, the UK offers those from abroad a chance to be part of a historic, dynamic and varied student population. Modern British culture is an eclectic mix of international influences – a result of the country’s long-standing role on the world stage – and a wealth of diverse regional customs and cultures which are strongly celebrated and constantly re-invented. England has by far the biggest population among the four constituent members of the UK, and also attracts the largest numbers of international students. But each of the other home nations – Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – offers an equally enticing offering, with truly unique cultural and natural settings to explore, as well as many excellent universities. It is said that in the UK, the locals have a different accent with every 30 miles that you travel. This is an apt reflection of the diversity of the country’s people, which is reflected in an equally diverse selection of universities and study locations. Wherever you decide to study in the UK, one thing’s for certain: along with your qualification, you’ll gain a unique set of memories, anecdotes and friends to boot.

“No less than 70 UK universities feature in the global rankings, including four top-10 entries ”

Higher education in the UK The UK’s well-established reputation for world-class education, reflected in its strong presence in global rankings, ensures it’s a consistently popular choice for international students. The QS World University Rankings® 2014/15 features no less than 70 UK universities, with the country claiming four of the world’s top 10 universities. Some of the UK’s top universities are legendary, and have inspired countless works of film and literature. In particular, many people around the world are familiar with the iconic image of the famous ‘dreaming spires’ of the University of Oxford (the oldest university in the Englishspeaking world) and the (only very slightly younger) University of Cambridge, whose reputations remain strongly rooted in tradition, history and ceremony alongside modern-day academic excellence. The UK’s other two entries in the global top 10 can both be found in the UK capital. Imperial College London shares second place with Cambridge, while University College London (UCL) ranks joint fifth alongside Oxford. In total, London is home to 47 universities, a significant portion of the country’s total of 109. This high density of universities and specialist colleges, combined with the city’s historic and current role as a global center for finance, business and culture, makes it a fascinating place to study. As the famous Samuel Johnson quote goes, “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.”

London is home to 47 universities, a significant portion of

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Beyond London, the UK is home to many other world-leading institutions, and many other cities packed with both historic interest and contemporary vigor. In the post-industrial Midlands and Northern England you’ll find many of the country’s slightly younger, so-called “redbrick” universities, established in a response to growing need for higher education following the Industrial Revolution. Many of these are today among the country’s most illustrious; the University of Manchester currently ranks 30th in the world, the University of Birmingham 64th, the University of Sheffield 69th, and the University of Liverpool 123rd. Further north still, Scotland has its “ancient four” – the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, St Andrews and Aberdeen. All founded before the year 1600, they also feature highup in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, placed 17th, 55=, 88th and 137th respectively. Though the “ancient four” are proud reminders of Scotland’s historic past and contribution to the UK educational landscape, Scotland is also home to many younger universities, such as the Universities of Sterling and Strathclyde and Heriot-Watt University, as well as specialist schools such as the Glasgow School of Art, resulting in a varied academic prowess to rival that of its larger southern neighbor.

the country’s total of 109

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Applications & visas At undergraduate level, all applications – for both domestic and international students – are made via the University and College Admissions Service (commonly abbreviated to UCAS). Students are required to register on the UCAS website, which then guides applicants through all stages of the process. This includes information on how to plan and execute your application, what details and documents to include, how to track the progress of your application, and how to contact universities that offer you a place. Unlike the undergraduate procedure, there is no centralized organization that deals with postgraduate applications. Instead you’ll need to apply directly to your chosen university, and all application processes will differ slightly.

“You’ll need to apply directly to your chosen university”

The easiest way to apply is usually using an online submission process, which should also allow you to track the progress of your application once sent. You will usually be required to include a personal statement, along with supporting documents such as evidence of your academic qualifications and two references. As an international student, you may also need to provide proof of your English language proficiency and a copy of your passport. PhD students will typically be asked to present a research proposal. Some universities may ask applicants to attend an interview, either in person or via phone/internet.

Past England’s western border, Wales is known for its rugged landscapes, friendly people, and a group of celebrated universities that includes Cardiff University and Swansea University. Several Welsh universities offer bilingual programs, taught in both Welsh and English, in recognition of demand for the native language to be cherished and preserved. And the UK’s fourth constituent home nation, Northern Ireland, continues to tempt international students across the Irish Sea with its idyllic drumlins (rolling green hills shaped during the last ice age), vibrant folk culture and a good selection of universities, including the University of Ulster and Queen’s University Belfast in the Northern Irish capital.

If you are living outside the UK and are not a national of a country within the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland, you may need to apply for a Tier 4 (general) student visa. You should apply for your visa at least three months before you’re due to travel, and will need to have received an unconditional offer of a place on your chosen course. You’ll also need to show that you have a current passport and demonstrate proficiency in English and proof of sufficient funding, which must be already approved. Tuberculosis test results are also required from residents of certain countries. The cost of applying for the visa is UK£322 (~US$490). For more information, visit the government site www.gov.uk.

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The diversity of the UK economy means plenty of scope for talented graduates Tuition fees, living costs & funding The cost of studying in the UK, at either undergraduate or postgraduate level, will be affected by your country of origin, and also by which part of the UK you want to study in. For international students from outside of the EU, fees are typically higher than those for UK and EU students. An undergraduate degree can range from around UK£8,000 (~US$12,500) to UK£36,000 (~US$56,000). For postgraduate qualifications, most courses cost between UK£10,000 (~US$15,500) and UK£13,000 (~US$20,500), with some specialized courses costing more. Like most countries, the cost of living in the UK varies by region, with city life often proving more expensive. The UK Border Agency (UKBA) requires international students to prove they have secured the necessary funds to live and study in the country. When applying for a visa, students planning to study in London must demonstrate that they will have access to UK£1,020 (~US$1,500) for each month of stay in the UK. For the rest of the UK, this figure is slightly lower, at UK£820 (~US$1,250). Though private medical care can be expensive, international students are entitled to use the National Health Service (NHS), which allows for free registration and consultation with a local general practitioner (GP) and free treatment in hospitals if necessary. While undergraduate domestic students may be able to get funding from Student Finance England (SFE), there is presently no centralized system for the funding of postgraduate education in the UK. This means that finding the funding for your course is down to you as an individual applicant, and requires separate, and

perhaps multiple, applications. However, it’s important not to be disheartened, as there are many funding options available, which include scholarships, bursaries, grants and loans. Many UK universities offer their own support packages to postgraduate students. These include grants, scholarships and bursaries, all with their own special criteria and requirements. Some students also apply to charities with an application outlining what they want to achieve from their postgraduate education. Don’t forget that there is usually a lot of competition for these awards, so it’s important to get your application in as early as possible! You will be able to obtain more information about relevant funding opportunities by contacting the Ministry of Education in your home country, or the British Council. Depending on your nationality, you may also be able to apply for a range of scholarships and grants that are offered by the UK government. For PhD qualifications, some universities offer paid teaching or research assistant positions. This can be a great way of helping to fund your PhD studies, while contributing to the academic community of your chosen university. The amount paid for this sort of position varies between different universities and subject areas, so it’s always best to see what’s available by contacting the institution or department directly. Post-graduation careers There are several visa schemes which allow international students to remain and work in the UK after the completion of their studies. The Tier 1 (Graduate Entrepreneur) visa scheme accepts 1,900 graduates a year, and is designed for

entrepreneurial graduates who wish to remain in the UK and begin their own businesses. This requires the graduate to be endorsed by a UK institution, but not necessarily the college or university where they studied. A Tier 2 visa is the most popular route for graduates looking to take up employment and is designed for skilled workers from outside the EEA and Switzerland who have been offered a job in the UK. More information about

“There are many funding options available which include scholarships, bursaries, grants and loans” the requirements of different visas can be found on the websites of the UK Government and the UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA). To obtain a visa to work in the UK, graduates will usually need to have been offered a job which will pay a minimum of £20,300 (~US$31,750) a year. Like many European countries, the UK has seen a squeeze in the employment market following the financial crisis of 2008, leading to fewer opportunities for graduates than in the past. However, recent figures suggest unemployment levels are falling, and the diversity of careers in the UK’s dynamic tertiary sector means there’s plenty of scope for talented graduates, particularly those who’ve acquired both academic specialization and professional experience.

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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Countries

Germany Do you know your Fachhochschulen from your Hochschulzugangsberechtigung? Laura Bridgestock investigates the distinguishing aspects of graduate study in Germany.

ell-established among the world’s most popular study destinations, Germany has seen steady growth in international enrolments over the past few years. As of 2014, some 280,000 international students were studying in Germany, and the country looks set to meet – or exceed – its target of 350,000 by the end of the current decade. The reasons for Germany’s popularity are not difficult to identify. The German higher education system is highly respected worldwide, reputed for its consistently high standards and success in combining research and practical application across a broad range of disciplines. The country’s high quality of living comes with relatively low living costs (especially in the context of other similarly developed nations), while its resilient economy offers promising employment prospects, both during studies and post-graduation. Finally, while tuition fees climb in many other parts of the world, Germany’s public universities continue to offer the vast

majority of courses free of charge, for both domestic and international students. Sound like one of the fairytales for which German folklore is famed? Read on to see if you too could study “happily ever after” in Germany. Higher education in Germany Germany is home to around 425 higher education institutions. This includes more than 100 universities, more than 200 Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS, or Fachhochschulen) and more than 100 specialized institutions – such as medical universities, art schools and colleges of public administration. Around 95% of higher education providers are statefunded, with courses offered free of charge at undergraduate level and either free or at relatively low costs thereafter (see below). Fachhochschulen focus on providing practical and professionally oriented education, awarding bachelor’s and master’s degrees in fields such as engineering, computer science, media and communications, business and

management, and art and design. They are known for their strong focus on applied knowledge and close relationships with businesses; internships, work placements and practical projects are often core course components. While many Fachhochschulen also have a strong research focus, they can only award doctorate degrees through partnerships with universities or research institutes. In the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, 42 German universities are ranked among the world’s top 800 – a number beaten only by the US and UK. However, while these latter two countries dominate the top levels of the international rankings tables, Germany’s strengths lie more in overall consistency than in any big-name “superstar” institutions. The highest German placing goes to Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (ranked 49th in the world), with Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Technische Universität München close behind (52= and 54th respectively). While even these leading German universities are unable to

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Germany has seen steady growth in international enrolments over the past few years compete with the likes of Harvard or Cambridge in terms of global fame, the nation’s higher education system as a whole is held in high regard, while individual institutions have established strong names within particular fields of study and employment. Master’s degrees in Germany are usually categorized as either “consecutive” or “non-consecutive”. Those of the first category are designed to build on the academic knowledge gained during a related bachelor’s degree, while the second tend to have a greater focus on professional development, often requiring applicants to have both an undergraduate

supervisors. This route can be followed within universities, graduate schools and research training groups supported by the German Research Foundation, usually taking three years to complete. Applications & visas To apply to study in Germany, the first word to get to grips with is hochschulzugangsberechtigung (abbreviated to HZB), meaning “higher education entrance qualification”. An undergraduate degree completed in another country is usually accepted as a suitable HZB for admission to master’s programs, but specific requirements will vary depending on the course, institution

“The country’s high quality of living comes with relatively low living costs (especially in the context of other similarly developed nations)” degree and some relevant work experience. Most master’s degrees take four semesters (two years) to complete, though some are shorter or longer. PhDs can be completed in one of two pathways. The “traditional” route involves finding a supervisor at a university, and completing an individually defined research project with support from this supervisor, over a period of around four years. The alternative is a “structured doctoral program”, which means following a clearly delineated program of study and research as part of a larger cohort of doctoral candidates, under a team of

and where you’ve previously studied. For some master’s degrees, applicants are required to have earned a minimum number of credits in specific fields of study. These conditions are set by the department offering the program. Most courses are taught in German, requiring international applicants to submit proof of proficiency in the language. Two tests are available for this purpose: the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH, meaning “German language examination for university entrance”) and the TestDaF (formerly Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache,

meaning “Test of German as a foreign language”). The DSH is offered only within Germany, at various universities, while the TestDaF can be taken at centers in more than 90 countries worldwide. As always, check the test you intend to take is accepted by the universities you want to apply to. However, while German remains the main language of instruction overall, a large and growing selection of Englishtaught programs is available – particularly at master’s level and for students participating in short-term exchange programs. A searchable database of English-taught courses is provided by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) at www.daad.de. Applications for master’s programs are either submitted directly to the university, or via the online portal www.uni-assist. de. The latter is a centralized service which screens applicants and passes on those which meet all the requirements to their chosen institutions for further assessment. Not all German universities use this service, and those that do may require applicants to complete their own application process as well. At many German universities it’s possible to apply for admission twice a year – to commence studies either in the winter or summer semester. The summer semester runs from March to August at Fachhochschulen and April to

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September at universities; the winter semester is from September to February and October to March respectively. In general, applications for winter enrolments need to be made by 15 July, and applications for summer enrolments by 15 January. However, application deadlines vary between institutions, and the same institution may set different deadlines for each master’s program – be sure to carefully check the specific dates for your chosen course. It’s recommended to submit applications at least six weeks before the deadline, to ensure time for corrections or additions if any information is missing. The specific documents required and application process will be set by each institution, but you’ll typically be asked to submit an official copy of your academic qualifications, a passport photo, a copy of your passport and a copy of language proficiency exam results (if applicable). An application fee may be charged. For PhDs, applications may be made directly to potential supervisors, by submitting a project proposal, or – for “structured” PhDs – via the official application process detailed by the university. Students from countries within the EU, EEA or Switzerland do not need a visa to study in Germany. These students simply need to register at the nearest registry office on arrival to obtain a residence permit. This also applies to students coming from a number of other countries, including Australia, Israel, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, South Korea and the US. Students from Andorra, Brazil, El Salvador, Honduras, Monaco and San Marino can also follow this path, as long as they don’t intend to work during their time in Germany. Students from elsewhere will need to apply for a visa before arrival in Germany, via the nearest German embassy. Those already accepted onto a program can apply for a student visa, while those awaiting confirmation or sitting entrance exams will need an applicant visa. It can take several months for visas to be issued, so apply as early as possible. Visa applicants will be asked to submit a valid

passport; confirmation from a German university that an application is in process or completed; health insurance; and proof of adequate funds to cover living expenses (see below). Tuition fees, living costs & funding While affordability is by no means the sole or primary factor attracting international students to Germany, low or non-existent tuition fees undoubtedly add to the overall appeal. At public universities, there are no tuition fees for undergraduate programs or for the majority of graduate degrees. Fees are charged at private universities, and for some master’s programs at public universities. PhD study is free for at least the first six semesters (ie. three years). At public universities, the majority of students simply pay a small ‘semester fee’. This is typically no more than €300 (US$330) per semester, covering contributions to the student union, administration and the cost of a Semester Ticket – a six-month pass for public transport. Living costs vary depending on the location; according to Mercer’s Cost of Living Survey, Munich is currently Germany’s most expensive city, followed by Frankfurt am Main and Berlin. In general, it’s recommended to budget around €700 (US$770) per month to cover accommodation, food and other living

“Students from countries within the EU, EEA or Switzerland do not need a visa to study here” expenses. Those applying for a student visa will be required to show they have access to at least €670 per month (€8,040 for the full year) to cover living costs. Once in Germany, it’s also possible to supplement your income through parttime work. There are no restrictions on this for EU/EEA students, and other international students are permitted to work 120 full days or 240 half days per year (more if a work permit is obtained), excluding research assistant work. A 2014 government survey found that two thirds of surveyed international students were employed in paid part-time work.

Despite the minimal tuition fees, it’s also possible to obtain scholarships. The DAAD provides many scholarships for international students, and lists other opportunities in an online database, which can be sorted by students’ subject and country of origin. Individual university websites are also a good source of information about available scholarships. Sources of funding for PhD candidates include scholarships, prizes, research grants and paid positions within universities, research centers and industry. Notable funding providers include the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Leibniz Association and the EU’s Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorates program. Current opportunities are listed on the government-run website www. research-in-germany.org. Post-graduation careers A final ‘pull’ factor attracting growing numbers of students to Germany is the prospect of staying on to work after graduation. Europe’s largest economy and most industrialized nation, Germany rebounded quickly and convincingly from the global financial crisis of 2008-9, and today offers one of the world’s most resilient job markets. Strong GDP growth and low unemployment levels are forecast up to 2019, and – in part due to the nation’s ageing population – there’s high demand for skilled immigrants to fill gaps in the labor force. As in many countries, demand for graduates is especially high in the STEM sectors (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Graduates from EU/EEA countries can stay on to seek work without any restrictions or permits. International students from elsewhere can extend their residence permits by 18 months in order to seek work, commencing from the date on which final exam results are issued in writing. After two years of employment in Germany, it’s possible to apply for permanent residency status. Fluency in German is a definite asset when seeking work. However, some roles are available without this requirement, particularly in international corporations and scientific research institutes. To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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France

Image:freeimage.com/Joshua Williams

Ready to master the famous French art de vivre? Laura Bridgestock talks you through French higher education, from grandes écoles to contrats doctoraux.

Louvre Pyramid: France is home to 7,000 museums and 40,000 historic landmarks

erhaps it’s the thought of starting your day with a visit to the local boulangerie, or taking your books to a Parisian café once frequented by Europe’s greatest artists and philosophers? Maybe you’re dreaming of weekends on the Mediterranean coast, skiing in the Alps, or visiting vineyards and touring châteaux? Is it the famous fashion scene you’re fascinated by, or perhaps La Défense, Europe’s largest purpose-built business district? Are you up for the challenge of exploring your way through the nation’s 7,000 museums and 40,000 historic landmarks?

In addition, almost 300,000 international students are to be found in France each year – making the most of the country’s high-quality yet low-cost education, immersion in a language which is both belle and internationally utile, close proximity to leading French businesses and international corporations, and of course the enduring appeal of mastering the French art de vivre.

Whatever your reasons for wanting to spend time in France (and there are many more), you’re certainly not alone. The world’s most-visited international tourist destination, France welcomed some 84.7 million visitors in 2013 (compared to 69.8 million visitors to the US and 60.7 million to Spain).

Higher education in France One of the most distinctive elements of French higher education is the system of “grandes écoles”. These are elite institutions typically characterized by a relatively small intake, highly competitive admissions, specialization in a single subject area (most often business or

“France offers a selection of highly respected art and architecture schools”

engineering) and reputation for educating a high proportion of the country’s leading politicians, civil servants, business leaders and researchers. In addition to around 250 grandes écoles (which may be either public or private), the nation’s 83 public universities provide courses in a comprehensive range of subjects, catering for around 80% of the country’s tertiary-level students. France also offers a selection of highly respected art and architecture schools, as well as colleges specializing in fields such as fashion, film, hospitality, journalism, performing arts and social work. Many of France’s higher education providers are organized into clusters, known as PRES (short for pôles de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur), which bring together

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universities, research institutes and specialized schools. Members of each PRES share resources and collaborate on both research and course provision, with degrees sometimes conferred by the overall PRES, rather than a single institution. In line with the Bologna Process, French universities offer three levels of degree: the licence (completed in three years), the master (requiring an additional two years) and the doctorate (usually an additional three years). Master’s degrees are classified as either ‘research’ (designed for those intending to progress to a doctorate) or ‘professional’ (for those intending to enter the workplace).

“France has an impressive 41 representatives in the QS World University Rankings® ” Recent years have seen a move towards greater inclusion of internships within courses, in recognition of the value of helping students gain practical skills and professional experience. According to government agency Campus France, around 30% of all students now complete an internship as part of their studies, and this is closer to 60% among those studying specialized master’s programs. While most undergraduate programs are taught in French, the country offers a large selection of English-taught courses at postgraduate level. Campus France offers a searchable online database of English-taught programs. France has an impressive 41 representatives in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, led by école Normale Supérieure, Paris (ENS Paris) and école Polytechnique (part of the ParisTech cluster) – ranked 24th and 35th in the world respectively. Both are grandes écoles; while école Polytechnique specializes in engineering, ENS Paris is unusual as a grande école covering a broad spectrum of academic disciplines. Applications & visas Depending on the language in which the program is taught, students may be

La Défense: Europe’s largest purpose-built business district asked to submit proof of proficiency in either French or English, either through evidence of having completed an earlier degree in the relevant language, or by taking a language test such as the DELF, DALF, IELTS or TOEFL. Students from 33 countries (listed at www.campusfrance.org) are required to apply using the online CEF process provided by Campus France, covering both university and visa applications. Students from other countries should apply directly to the institutions they are interested in, following the process detailed on the official website. Students from EU/EEA countries do not need a visa to study in France. Those from elsewhere will need to apply for an extended-stay visa with residency permit (VLS-TS), either via the CEF process or from their nearest French embassy. When considering visa applications, officials are required to consider applicants’ academic

background, level of preparation, study plans, and proficiency in the French language. Applicants are also asked to show they have sufficient financial resources – around €615 (US$670) per month, the equivalent of a base-rate monthly governmental scholarship. Tuition fees, living costs & funding France’s public universities offer higher education at a very low cost, with only nominal fees charged. Rates for each year are set nationally, with the same low fees charged to both domestic and international students. As of 2014-15, annual rates were €189.10 for licence programs, €261.10 for master’s programs, €396.10 for doctoral programs and €615.10 for programs leading to the diplôme d’ingénieur (a range of approx. US$200-670). At private institutions, fees are significantly higher, though still fairly modest in a global context. Private fees

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la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Doctoral students can also apply for a contrat doctoral, which means they legally become an employee of the university, receiving a regular salary in return for research and teaching work. These contracts are for three years, with a nationally set minimum salary of at least €1,685 (US$1,830) per month.

Image:freeimage.com/createsima

Post-graduation careers Having weathered the global financial crisis of 2008 relatively well, France eluded the recession of 2012-13 seen in many Eurozone countries. Though overall growth has been slow to pick up, and unemployment levels remain stubbornly high, the country nonetheless offers plenty of opportunities for ambitious graduates seeking work.

are likely to be in the range of €3,000 to €10,000 (US$3,200-10,900) per year, though leading business schools may charge up to €30,000. As you may expect, living costs are higher in Paris than elsewhere; Campus France recommends a monthly budget of €1,000 for students in Paris, and €800 for those outside the capital. Even so, the relatively low tuition fees go a long way towards offsetting higher living expenses even in the capital – this overall affordability is one of the factors underlying Paris’ position at the top of the QS Best Student Cities index, a position it has now held for three years running. Students from within the EEA and Switzerland are free to pursue work alongside their studies without any restrictions. Those from other countries can work up to 965 hours per year (equivalent to 60% of a full working

year), as part of the permissions granted with the VLS-TS visa and residency permit. Internships completed as part of a study program are not counted within this. Talented international students may be able to obtain funding via the Eiffel Excellence Scholarship Programme. This provides an allowance of €1,181 per month for 12-36 months at master’s level, and €1,140 per month for up to 10 months at PhD level. Other funding options available to international students include grants via the EU’s

Services account for almost 80% of national GDP, with major industries including tourism, electronics, textiles, chemicals, machinery, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft and food processing. High-demand roles include IT professionals such as programmers and analysts, high-level engineers, and healthcare workers. In order to stay on and work in France after graduating, you’ll need to apply for a change of residency status; this can be done via the local prefecture once an offer of employment has been received and accepted. Alternatively, international students graduating at master’s level or above can seek permission to extend their student residence permits for up to a year. During this time they can work for up to 60% of the legal working week without applying for a change of status, unless their earnings exceed 150% of the minimum wage (€9.61 per hour as of January 2015); if this is the case they must apply for full-time employment status.

“France’s public universities offer higher education at a very low cost” Erasmus program, awards from individual universities and funding provided via regional councils, usually in partnership with public research agencies such as the Centre National de

To find out more visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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Canada With fresh mountain air, majestic lakes, high academic standards and affable people, Canada is a great place to study. Victoria Philpott guides you through the practicalities.

tudy in Canada and you could spend your holidays in the Rockies, weekends at the lakes and evenings at the ice hockey. Spanning six time zones and the second-largest country in the world after Russia, Canada is full of natural beauty on a grand scale, home to sites including Banff National Park, Lake Ontario and Niagara Falls. The capital Ottawa and the famous cities of Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver are where you’ll find most of the students. The sports, bar culture and the wealth of museums, shops and lively theatres mean you’ll never be short of things to do in your downtime. And there’s even more adventure to be had from exploring the surrounding suburbs and natural areas; within an hour’s drive, you could be riding high up in the ski resorts or taking a boat trip out to sea. Don’t let the idea of a harsh winter put you off Canada. Yes, it gets cold – but Canadian cities are well prepared. Many have underground tunnels connecting key facilities, so the only reason to go outside is to make the most of the snow sports. Summer-time temperatures average out at around 30°C (86°F), but in such a huge space you can expect that to vary significantly from place to place. Canada consistently ranks within the top 10 of the United Nations’ list of the “best places to live in the world”. The country is home to over 35 million people, welcomes

16 million tourists each year, and is currently hosting 300,000 international students. More than 80% of these are in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia or Québec – home to many of the major cities and highest-ranked universities. Underlying attractions include the country’s high-quality education, globally recognized qualifications and the stable, safe and peaceful society. Add in all the summer festivals, winter snow sports, and the wide range of sightseeing, sports, culture and cuisine to squeeze in, and it’s unsurprising to find Canada remains a popular choice for students across the globe. Higher education in Canada According to the Canadian Bureau of International Education, 90% of international students are either very satisfied (29%) or satisfied (61%) with their experience in Canada. The country also boasts one of the world’s highest levels of investment in education. In fact, as of 2014, it had overtaken the US as the world’s leading per-capita spender on higher education. One distinctive element of higher education in Canada in that each of the 10 provinces is responsible for its own education system, rather than the Canadian government as a whole. This means the system can vary, depending on which province you choose to study in.

Toronto features in the QS Best Student Cities index

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Countries There are over 90 universities in Canada, of which 17 are private. As is common elsewhere, Canadian universities offer three levels of degree: bachelor’s (usually lasting four years), master’s (requiring an additional year or two) and the doctorate (usually an additional three years). Campuses in Canada offer the latest in technology and facilities, with some even boasting amenities such as Olympic-sized pools and ultramodern libraries. Canada also has around 150 colleges – also known as community colleges, technical colleges, regional colleges or cégeps (in Québec) – which offer short courses and diplomas. Some are focused on one particular subject area, while others provide more of a general education. In addition, the country has a long history of specialized career colleges, which seek to prepare students for specific vocations. As is increasingly the case around the world, internships are often encouraged at Canadian universities, and may even be a required part of your course. In Canada internships are often referred to as “co-ops” (co-operative education) and can be highly competitive. Typically, students will spend alternate semesters between learning in the classroom and in the workplace applying that knowledge. You may need a work

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of the specific course you want to join, and apply directly to the university. You can apply to study in Canada from one year before the start date. Apply in March at the very latest for the September intake, although if you’re applying for a popular course earlier is always better to stand the best chance. There’s usually a second intake in January or February of each year. There are two important requirements for international students applying to study in Canada: language proficiency and sufficient finances. You need to show you have enough money to support the duration of your stay. This is currently set at C$10,000 (~US$8,300) for each year of your stay (C$11,000/ US$9,000 if you’re applying to study in Québec) on top of your tuition fees. Both English and French are spoken in Canada, with the latter being the official language throughout the Québec province, and universities offer courses in both tongues. Depending on your own native language, you may need to submit proof of proficiency in the language you intend to study in. You can study in Canada for up to six months without a visa, which means it’s relatively easy to spend a semester abroad there. To study in Canada for

“Internships are often encouraged at Canadian universities, and may even be a required part of your course” permit to take part in a co-op program, so check with your university before you apply.

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A total of 26 Canadian universities feature in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, including five within the global top 100. These are the University of Toronto (20th), McGill University (21st), the University of British Columbia (43=), Université de Montréal (83rd) and the University of Alberta (84th).

longer than six months, you’ll need to gain a Canadian study permit. This will be your visa for the duration of your stay. Depending on your nationality, you may also need to obtain a temporary residence permit, which can be processed at the same time as your study permit application. Apply through the Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) website well in advance of your departure date to ensure you receive the documentation in time, as it can take up to 10 weeks.

Applications & visas The application process varies between Canadian provinces, and also between individual institutions. In general, you’ll need to research the entry requirements

To apply for your study permit you’ll first need a letter of acceptance from a recognized higher education provider. For Québec you also need a certificate of acceptance (known as a CAQ) from the

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government before you can apply for a study permit. Next you need to obtain a Canadian student visa application package, from the CIC website, your local visa office or the Canadian embassy or consulate in your home country. You’ll be given a personal checklist code to submit your application online. To do so, you must create a MyCIC account, where you’ll fill in all your details, pay your fees and upload the required documents. This includes showing you have a ticket home and a valid passport. Some applicants may also need to attend an interview at their local visa office, and those from certain countries may need to provide biometrics, a medical exam or a police report. On approval you’ll be sent a letter of introduction, and a temporary residence

Exceptional international students may be able to obtain funding via the range of government and non-government scholarships available, such as the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program, or the ‘International Tuition Award’ offered by many Canadian universities. The latter aims to assist international graduate students registered full-time in research-oriented master’s and doctoral programs. International students are automatically considered for this award as long as they meet certain criteria. In order to apply for funding, it’s best to check individually with each university for available scholarships, grants, assistantships, fellowships and bursary opportunities. You may also find it useful to consult the information about financial assistance provided by the Canadian Information Centre for

“The cost of living and tuition fees in Canada are generally lower than the US, Australia, New Zealand and the UK” visa if required. Bring these along with your passport, proof of your finances and your letter of acceptance to the border control agency in Canada, who will issue your Canadian study permit.

International Credentials website or the Canadian government’s dedicated website for international scholarship programs (www.scholarships-bourses. gc.ca).

Tuition fees, living costs & funding The cost of living and tuition fees in Canada are generally lower than in the US, Australia, New Zealand and the UK. As is common, the tuition fees are higher for international students than domestic students, and each establishment, course and province sets rates separately. Undergraduate courses are around C$6,000 (US$5,000) to C$17,500 (US$14,500) per year, while graduate programs could cost anywhere between C$6,500 (US$5,400) to C$33,000 (US$27,300) per year.

Your Canadian student visa entitles you to work 20 hours a week alongside your studies. This offers the opportunity to widen your social circle and to pursue an active and varied lifestyle in Canada as you learn.

Student living in Canada costs from around C$800 (US$660) per month, though of course this depends on your spending habits. You’ll need to budget for accommodation, food, travel and health insurance (compulsory) – and of course social, sports and cultural activities.

Post-graduation careers If you want to stay in Canada once your studies have finished, you’ll need to apply for a post-graduation work permit allowing you to stay for up to three years after graduation. Speak to your International Student Development office for advice on this. Sectors experiencing high demand for graduates range from accountancy to healthcare, and of course software developers, engineering and UX designers.

Elvis (Xiangkun) Cao McGill University M.Eng in Mining & Materials Engineering Elvis is completing a master’s degree in mining and materials engineering at McGill University in Montréal. He recalls being attracted by the country’s generous scholarship opportunities, McGill’s impressive number of Nobel laureates and Rhodes Scholars, and by the chance to study under the supervision of the renowned Professor Roderick I.L. Guthrie. “Luckily,” he adds, “McGill chose me as well.” Having arrived full of curiosity and unsure what to expect, Elvis says the experience has more than lived up to his hopes. “I was surprised when I saw my 70-year-old supervisor doing experiments with us,” he relates. “His life-long devotion to research and his curiosity to explore into the unknown world left me with a great impression.” As well as finding motivation in the inspirational example set by his supervisor, Elvis also comments on the “free atmosphere” at the university, which further stimulates individual innovation. Beyond studies, Elvis is enjoying exploring Montréal. While the freezing winters take some getting used to, he points out that the city’s underground network of tunnels makes this easier to cope with, and he’s full of praise for the many galleries and museums. “Though I’m studying engineering, I love most the art elements of this great city.”

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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Australia Combining your studies with the sun, sightseeing and surf opportunities of Australia is a great way to go. Victoria Philpott looks at how you can make your Down Under dream a reality.

any students dream of taking a gap year in Australia, but how about studying there instead? From the bright lights of Sydney to the café culture of Melbourne and on to the natural beauty of Perth, this 7,692,024km² island has a diverse terrain, character and appeal that keeps international students returning year after year.

When you think of Australia, perhaps you think of the Great Barrier Reef, Bondi Beach, Ayers Rock and aboriginal culture. Kangaroos, koalas and scarily large spiders? Or maybe it’s Neighbours, Nicole Kidman, vegemite and Shiraz wine? Choose to study here and you’ll soon have your own unique set of memories and anecdotes to capture the experience. Australia is proud to consistently rank close to the top of various lists of the world’s best places to live, offering a quality of life which is difficult to beat. Studying here offers the chance to learn at an internationally renowned higher education institution, while exploring the nation’s natural wonders and the buzz of its cosmopolitan cities. Student life offers a lively flurry of bars, sports teams, outdoor pursuits and of course, making the most of the nation’s 10,685 beaches. More than 22.7 million people live in Australia, 6.3 million tourists visit every year and as of 2013 there were 526,932

international students studying in the country. Over 35% of these were studying in the state of New South Wales (home to the popular city of Sydney) and 27% in Victoria (home to the equally popular Melbourne). The rest were distributed between the other territories of Queensland (16%), Western Australia (8%), South Australia (5%), Australian Capital Territory (2%), Tasmania (>1%) and the Northern Territory (>1%).

Higher education in Australia Of the 526,932 international students enrolled in Australia in 2013, around 44% were in the higher education sector. Across Australia’s universities you’ll find every subject you could expect, but it remains a particularly popular destination for those studying natural sciences such as biology, zoology and chemistry, as well as mathematics, engineering, the social sciences and medical fields.

The Australian government is keen to keep increasing overseas enrolments, and in 2015 set out a Draft National Strategy for International Education on this theme. Support for international students is well-established across the country, from excellent university support services to a generous annual offering in government-funded scholarships and grants.

While Australian higher education in general is well-respected, several institutions, such as the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Melbourne, are especially well-known worldwide. The country’s elite “Group of Eight” – a kind of equivalent to the US Ivy League or UK Russell Group – includes these two institutions along with the University of Sydney, University of Queensland, University of New South Wales, Monash University, the University of Western Australia and the University of Adelaide. All eight of these make the top 100 of the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15, with a further 25 Australian universities featured in the ranking overall.

In the 2014 International Student Survey, 88% of surveyed international students were satisfied or very satisfied with their Australian university experience. Want to join their happy ranks? Read on to find out how.

“In total Australia is home to 41 universities, of which the majority are public and just two private ”

In total Australia is home to 41 universities, of which the majority are public and just two private. Most Australian universities are selfaccrediting institutions running under

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Australia is consistently ranked close to the top of various lists of the world’s best places to live legislation set either by the state or territory. Funding comes from the Australian government via the Higher Education Support Act 2003 through grants and loans.

IT, accounting and communication, completing work experience may be a requirement. Internships can be pretty competitive, so get your applications in early to ensure you get a good place.

Three levels of degree are offered: bachelor’s (three to five years), master’s (one or two years) and doctorate (three to four years). In general Australian universities have great facilities and there are always lots of activities going on, with plenty of social nights and clubs to get involved with.

Applications & visas Each higher education institution is unique in the programs offered, entry requirements, cost and culture. You need

There are also over 1,100 accredited vocational and technical higher education institutions in Australia. These offer technical and further education (TAFE) and vocational education and training (VET). Here you can study short courses, certificates I through IV, diplomas, and advanced diplomas in industry training designed to prepare you for a specific job.

to do your research thoroughly, and apply to each university individually. In addition to submitting your academic record to date, you may also need to submit proof of proficiency in English language, as well as completing any set tests or interviews.

As in many countries, pursuing an internship alongside study is encouraged in Australia. For some courses, such as education, nursing, engineering,

“You need a visa to study in Australia; there are six different types to choose from”

The beginning of the academic year in Australia is February, although it may also be possible to commence studies in July, at the start of the second semester. You can usually apply between three and 18 months before a course starts, but the earlier the better.

You need a visa to study at university in Australia. There are six different types to choose from: • English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) Visa – for anyone studying an English language course which won’t result in a degree, or that will result in a certificate I through IV. • Vocational Education and Training (VET) Visa – if you’re earning a vocational degree of any sort. • Higher Education Visa – for anyone studying a degree in an academic field on levels 5 to 9 according to the Australian Qualifications Framework. • Postgraduate Research Visa – for students of master’s research degrees and doctoral degrees. • Non-Award Visa – if you’re studying in Australia for a semester or you’re just taking classes while residing in Australia without pursuing a degree. • AusAID and Defense – visas for anyone sponsored by the AusAID initiative or the Australian Department of Defense. Once you’ve established which visa application form you need, you can

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apply to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC). The first step is to be placed on one of five assessment levels; this will affect the application process you need to follow. Assessment levels are based on your country of origin, field of study, chosen university and the level of education you’re pursuing. The higher the assessment level allocated, the more requirements you need to meet. To gain a visa for Australia, you’ll need a full offer letter from your chosen institution and an electronic confirmation of enrolment to prove you’re a genuine and temporary entrant. You will also need proof of payment and sufficient resources to cover one return airfare, your course fees and enough for the cost of living. This will vary depending on where you’re living and your higher education institute.

Depending on your nationality, you may also need to prove your English language proficiency with a test such as IELTS. All applicants are also “character checked”, which includes a criminal record check, and some students may have to provide a health check. Allow up to four weeks for your visa to be processed. Certain students may be eligible to go through a streamlined application visa process. If your chosen university participates in this program, and you’re eligible, all you’ll need to do is prove your confirmation of enrolment, and that every one of your courses will be based at that institute, and you can get your visa a lot quicker. Tuition fees, living costs & funding The cost of study varies significantly depending on the institution, study level and subject. Programs in areas such as engineering and medicine are typically at the higher end of the scale. As a rough guideline, you can expect bachelor’s degrees to cost around AU$10,000-20,000 (~US$8,000-16,000) at most public universities, and from around AU$33,000 (US$26,000) at one of the few private universities. Master’s degrees are generally in the range of AU$20,000-30,000 (US$16,00024,000) per year, and doctoral degrees anywhere in the region of AU$14,00037,000 (US$11,000-30,000).

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Estimated living expenses for students in Australia are AU$12,000-18,000 (US$10,000-14,000) per year. Most student visas let you work for up to 20 hours per week, so there is a chance to supplement your finances with a parttime job. The Australian government is active in supporting international students, and gives out approximately AU$500 million each year in scholarships, grants and other financial aid. Major government-

funded international scholarship schemes include the Australia Awards and the International Postgraduate Research Scholarships (IPRS) program. Many other organizations and individual universities also offer scholarships for international students, and a searchable database is available on the government website www. studyinaustralia.gov.au. A dedicated listing of postgraduate-level scholarships is provided by JASON (Joint Academic Scholarships Online Network), at www. jason.edu.au. Post-graduation careers If you want to stay in Australia after you’ve graduated, you’ll need to get a work visa. Anyone who’s studied in the country for two years or more and has applied for a skills assessment in an occupation on the Skilled Occupation List (SOL) qualifies for a special work visa – the 485 Skilled Graduate Temporary Visa. This allows you to stay in Australia for another two years after graduating. Unlike the other visas this is not based on a points system. If you’re not eligible for this, there are other work visas available. These mean you’ll be given points based on career choice, experience, age, qualifications and ability, to assess whether you’re entitled to stay or not. Specific skills in high demand in Australia include electricians, technicians, IT specialists, architects, engineers, dentists, accountants, neurologists, teachers, psychologists and medical practitioners. You can also check the Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship website for a list of job opportunities open to international students.

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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How will you impact your world? We all have talents, ambitions and curiosities. But it is the way we transform our ambitious ideas into influence and change that defines us and the world. A humanities degree from Curtin provides you with the right skills, knowledge and experience that you need to transform your ideas. Applied, creative and relevant to industry, our postgraduate degrees in the areas of project management, creative arts, media and communication, and the built environment are designed to produce graduates who stand out from the crowd. To find out how you can impact your world visit humanities.curtin.edu.au

Make tomorrow better. International students only. For important updates to the information in this publication, including the latest course and fee information, please visit international.curtin.edu.au. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology. CRICOS Provider Code 00301J

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New Zealand As she explores student life in New Zealand, Laura Tucker says you’ll be sure to fall in love with this clean, green corner of the world.

lightly larger than the UK but with a total population of just 4.5 million (compared to 65m in the UK), New Zealand is a haven for wildlife and adventure lovers, while also offering plenty for fun-loving city dwellers. A highly developed country, New Zealand remains rooted in the natural world, mixing cosmopolitanism with conservationism, and offering an active yet easy-going society. Recent statistics show New Zealand is attracting a growing number of students from across the world, with a huge 12% boost in international student enrolment reported between January and August 2014 compared to the previous year. Some 100,000 foreign students now study in the country, and national agency Education New Zealand aims to increase this by more than 40,000 by 2025. The nation is famed for its large areas of natural beauty, from lush green forests and lakes, to rocky fjords, expansive beaches and awe-inspiring mountains. Those with a penchant for the great outdoors will certainly find plenty to explore, from the ‘Great Walks’ hiking trails to all kinds of sports – from skiing to surfing and bowls to bungee jumping. And what New Zealand lacks in human

population, it more than makes up for in terms of varied and interesting wildlife, including the distinctive kiwi bird which is the official national symbol. Meanwhile the culture of New Zealand is both rich and distinct, strongly influenced both by its native Maori population and by its modern-day multicultural make-up. As well as remarkably low crime rates, New Zealand also ranks among the world’s most peaceful nations, coming fourth in the Global Peace Index 2014.

“In recent years, New Zealand has seen a significant increase in international student enrolments” Higher education in New Zealand With a strong emphasis on research and personal development and a student satisfaction level of between 87% and 92% in the International Student Barometer, New Zealand offers a very successful higher education system. In recent years, the nation has seen a significant increase in international student enrolments, thanks not only to the high quality of living and education, but also following relaxed restrictions on student visas. In

2014 alone, there was a 19% increase in the number of student visas approved (a total of 13,896), compared to 2013. In part due to its history as a former British colony, New Zealand’s higher education system is very similar to the European system. Tertiary qualifications run from certificate to doctorate level, progressing through diploma, bachelor’s, and master’s levels along the way. Typically, a bachelor’s degree will take three or four years to complete and a master’s degree one or two years, while a PhD program takes two to four years. The option of a fast-track master’s degree, which takes less than one calendar year to complete, is also currently growing in availability and popularity. As well as a selection of both public and private universities, New Zealand also offers around 600 private training schools for specialized foundation and diploma qualifications. Other options include studying at a ‘Wananga’ – Maori-led tertiary institutions unique to New Zealand – or at one of the 18 Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs), which cater to around 157,000 students and offer more vocational degrees and diplomas.

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The highest ranked university in New Zealand in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15 is the University of Auckland, at 92nd in the world. A further seven New Zealand universities feature, with the University of Otago, University of Canterbury and Victoria University of Wellington all among the world’s top 300. Applications & visas The process of applying to study in New Zealand varies, with specific guidelines provided by individual institutions. In most cases, you can submit your application online, but some institutions require hard copies of documents to be sent by post.

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If you are not a native English speaker, you will be asked to provide proof of proficiency in English, either by submitting language test results (e.g. TOEFL or IELTS), or demonstrating that you’ve studied in English previously. Student visas are required for all fulltime students from outside of New Zealand or Australia, who wish to study in the country for longer than three months. Part-time students are only eligible for a visitor visa. In order to apply for your student visa, you must submit the official application form

“It is now easier for internationals to work while they study” (online or on paper) to Immigration New Zealand (INZ), along with proof of acceptance to an NZQA-approved university, a valid passport, proof of medical and travel insurance, evidence of sufficient funds to cover living costs (see below), a police certificate, a medical check (for certain students only) and a return flight ticket (or proof of sufficient funds for this). Your student visa will last for a maximum of four years, depending on the length of your course,

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Generally, you will be asked to submit relevant academic documentation, providing proof of qualifications completed. While qualifications and credit transfers are widely accepted from New Zealand, Australian and UK institutions, some international qualifications must be assessed by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA), which will cost around NZ$450 (US$330). If your documents are not in English, you will need to provide a translation.

Gopal Tarakad University of Auckland Master of Professional Accounting Originally from India, Gopal Tarakad is an international student at the University of Auckland, enrolled on the Master of Professional Accounting. Having spent two years working in consulting, Gopal chose the University of Auckland after discovering it offered one of the world’s top-ranked accounting programs open to graduates from other disciplines. As well as the approachable teaching style and the university’s strong connections with industry, Gopal says “world-class qualifications amongst the staff also add a lot of value to the class in terms of the insights and experience.” The nation’s strong business environment also appealed to Gopal. “While I get a strong theoretical training in business,” he says, “where best to see it applied than in one of the best business environments in the world?” Indeed, New Zealand is ranked second for business efficiency in the World Bank’s ‘Doing Business 2015’ report. And what’s it like living in New Zealand’s largest city? “I enjoy the ease of living in Auckland,” Gopal says. “There are an endless amount of things you can do, such as visiting the many parks and beaches around Auckland, or going to one of the constant stream of events or concerts happening in Auckland every week. Since coming to Auckland, I’ve also discovered a new-found love for cooking, baking, yoga and biking.” What more could anyone want?

The nation is famed for its large areas of natural beauty

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New Zealand ranks among the world’s most peaceful nations, coming fourth in the Global Peace Index 2014 after which you will need to apply for a graduate visa in order to stay in the country. Recent reforms to visa requirements mean it is now easier for international students to work while they study. All English language students studying for one year or more are now able to work part-time during term time (up to 20 hours a week) and full-time during official holidays. Master’s and PhD student researchers are granted unlimited work rights. Tuition fees, living costs & funding Undergraduate students at universities in New Zealand can expect to pay tuition fees of NZ$18,000-25,000 (US$13,18018,300) annually, while postgraduate students can expect costs upwards of NZ$40,000 (US$29,280) per year. International PhD students pay the same fees as home students, which are comparatively low. At the University of Auckland, for example, current annual PhD fees stand at NZ$6,503 (US$5,089). Living costs in New Zealand will depend on where you’re based, with the highest costs found in capital Wellington and largest city Auckland. While these are the costliest places to live within New Zealand, both cities are nonetheless relatively affordable from a global perspective, ranking 58th and 75th respectively in Mercer’s Cost of Living

Survey. As a guideline, you should aim to budget NZ$20,000-25,000 (US$14,760-18,430) per year for living costs, equating to a weekly budget of NZ$380-480 (US$280-350). To apply for your student visa, you’ll need proof of at least NZ$17,000 (US$12,530) to cover expenses. If you are unsure as to whether you can afford these costs, be sure to research the range of funding opportunities for international students, offered by the government, external organizations and individual universities. For more information, visit the New Zealand Aid Programme website or search your chosen university’s website to see if you are eligible for funding. Post-graduation careers International students wishing to stay on in New Zealand may be pleased to hear that in 2014 unemployment levels reached a five-year low, falling to just 5.6% in the summer of that year, and making way for 10,000 more jobs as the economy bounces back from the global recession. In order to stay in New Zealand after graduation to look for work, you’ll need

“The highest living costs are found in the capital Wellington and largest city Auckland”

to apply for a post-study work visa (formerly known as the graduate job search visa). You must do this within three months of completing your qualification, or within six months for PhD graduates. With this visa you will be entitled to a year’s stay in the country in order to find a job, with eligibility to apply for an additional visa of two to three years once you get hired. Other than having completed an accredited academic program in New Zealand, you will also have to provide proof of funds to cover your 12-month stay in New Zealand while seeking work (a minimum of NZ$4,200/US$3,120 is required). The job you undertake should show relevance to your qualification. As for career opportunities, New Zealand provides many prospects within its cities, as well as more rural areas. Key industries contributing to New Zealand’s economy include agriculture, horticulture, forestry, mining and fishing. The nation is also reporting high demand for skilled graduates in specialized professional sectors such as healthcare, engineering, IT, construction, science, finance, education and hospitality.

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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QS Stars is a global rating system that evaluates universities performance on an individual basis. This system was designed for you to use as a navigation tool in your decision making process, providing a wider picture of an institution始s qualities that are relevant for you; looking at criteria such as the employability of graduates, sports facilities and many others.

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Japan Dreaming of immersion in Japan’s distinctive culture, high-tech cities and stunning natural landscapes? Laura Tucker shows you how to make that dream come true.

re you one of the many students worldwide fascinated by this distinctive and highly developed country? Then you’ll be pleased to hear that Japan is keen to keep increasing its international enrolments. As of May 2014, a total of 184,155 international students were studying in Japan – an increase of almost 10% compared to the previous year – of which 67,782 were enrolled in universities. The government’s aim is to see the overall number of international students rise to 300,000 by the end of the current decade. The world’s third-largest economy, Japan is a global superpower in both the technological and cultural domains. Renowned for its leadership in the hightech and entertainment sectors, the nation

the Japanese Alps, the mountains of Hokkaido, the coral reefs of Okinawa, the hot springs of Hyogo and the forests of Kyoto.

Ready to dive in? Read on for an overview of Japan’s higher education system, how to apply, and how to extend your time in the country. Higher education in Japan Japan’s higher education system is comprised of national, public and private universities. Many universities offer graduate programs, and there are also dedicated graduate schools, mainly specialized in scientific fields, law and business. The nation’s strongest global reputation is claimed by the University of Tokyo (often known as Todai), which

“The nation’s strongest global reputation is claimed by the University of Tokyo, which is ranked 31st in the QS World University Rankings®” has also fascinated people around the world with distinctive cultural elements ranging from kimonos to karaoke, haiku to jujitsu, and sushi to anime. Today, major cities such as Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto offer immersion in the eclectic fusion of traditional customs and modern innovations that comprise contemporary Japanese life. Yet these buzzing urban hubs are just part of the possible adventure. An archipelago comprised of 6,852 small islands, Japan offers large areas of relatively untouched and unpopulated space to explore, including

ranks 31st in the QS World University Rankings® 2014/15. Close behind are Kyoto University (36th) and Osaka University (55th), with a further 35 Japanese universities ranked among the world’s best. Most undergraduate programs at Japan’s universities take four years to complete, with medicine, dentistry and veterinary science lasting six years. Master’s degrees last for two years and doctoral programs take a minimum of three years, with the option of enrolling in a five-year PhD program in lieu of a master’s degree.

Alternative places of study include special training colleges, junior colleges and colleges of technology; these offer more vocational programs of a shorter length, ending in graduation with a diploma. Driven by internationalization targets, Japan is currently undergoing a number of higher education reforms in order to become more internationally competitive. In 2014, the government announced additional funds of ¥590 million (US$5.4 million) to be divided between Japan’s 37 leading universities over the next 10 years, to improve financing options for internationals and increase the number of foreign language programs. With each institution in charge of its own international development, project-related initiatives are expected to multiply across the sector, leading to improved international engagement, higher numbers of student and faculty exchange, more transnational study opportunities, improved joint research and further development of branch campuses. According to Education Minister, Hakubun Shimomura, if the 37 leading universities reach their targets, as much as 50% of teaching staff will come from abroad and 20% of classes will be taught in English by 2024. Applications & visas Rather than submitting a GPA (grade point average) or other assessment grades, students applying to universities in Japan are required to take entrance examinations. The ‘Examination for

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Countries

‘xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ’ Japan offers large areas of relatively untouched and unpopulated space to explore Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU)’ is the standardized test for foreign students, designed to test basic academic skill in areas of science, mathematics and ‘Japan and the world’. Some 95% of national universities, 65% of public universities and 44% of private institutions require the EJU for entrance. Many universities also require incoming students to take an additional examination. Although the EJU can be completed at test centers across Asia, prospective students must often travel to Japan to take these institutionspecific tests. Fees for the tests range between ¥6,960 and ¥12,920 (US$60$110) and test-takers have just one chance to pass each academic year. In addition to the entrance examinations, applicants are likely to be asked to provide a completed application form, academic transcripts, proof of sufficient finances to cover tuition fees, academic references, a valid passport and a couple of passportsized photographs. If you are enrolling on a program taught in Japanese and you are not a native speaker, you’ll also be asked to provide proof of Japanese proficiency. Likewise, for English-language programs, non-native speakers will be asked for proof of proficiency in English, by providing results from tests such as TOEFL or IELTS.

International students intending to study for more than three months in Japan will need to apply for a student visa. To do this, you should first obtain a Certificate of Eligibility, which will be applied for on your behalf by the Japanese institution you have been accepted by. Once this has been issued, you will need to apply for your visa through your local Japanese embassy or consulate. As well as the original certificate of eligibility (and an additional photocopy), you will also need to provide a valid passport, a completed

“Tokyo, unsurprisingly, is the most expensive place to live in Japan” application form and a recent passportsized photograph. If you want to work in Japan while studying, you’ll need to obtain ‘Permission to Engage in Activity Other than that Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted’, which you can apply for at an immigration bureau once you arrive in Japan. As a general rule, this permission will entitle you to work up to 28 hours a week during term-time and eight hours a day during official holiday periods. Tuition fees, living costs & funding Tuition fees in Japan, although some of the most expensive in Asia, still look very appealing in comparison to Western countries such as the UK or the US. Typically, you can expect to pay

between ¥500,000 and ¥1,000,000 (US$4,140-8,280) annually – but don’t make the mistake of assuming the highest rates are charged by the highest-ranked institutions. For instance, Japan’s top two universities in the QS World University Rankings® – the University of Tokyo and Osaka University – charge annual tuition fees of ¥535,800 per year (US$4,440) for most programs at undergraduate and master’s level, plus an additional ¥282,000 (US$2,330) for the ‘admission fee’. There is also an additional yearly charge of ¥17,000-¥30,000 (US$140$250) for examination fees. Tokyo, unsurprisingly, is the most expensive place to live in Japan. Here, the Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO) recommends a budget of approximately ¥103,000 (US$860) per month to cover rent, food, insurance, entertainment and other living costs. For the country overall, average costs per month are markedly cheaper at ¥88,000 (US$740), with costs in the Shikoku and Tohoku regions lower still, at around ¥60,000 (US$500) per month. Thanks to Japan’s ambitious reforms, international students now have more opportunities to gain funding than ever before. With the percentage of international students remaining well below the targets laid out by the CIEE, there are a range of government scholarships, grants and loan schemes open to outstanding international applicants. The Japanese

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Government (Monbukagakusho) Scholarship is one such scheme, for which students will need a recommendation from their university or local Japanese embassy. Another government initiative is the Global 30 Project, which not only provides students with more options to study in English, but also offers financial support and visa advice. For more information on gaining funding, check out the information provided on JASSO’s Gateway to Study in Japan website or search the online scholarship database provided by Japan Study Support (JPSS). Alternatively, contact the admissions department of your chosen university, or your local Japanese embassy or consulate. Post-graduation careers Struggling to cope with supporting the world’s most elderly population, Japan is keen to recruit skilled foreign workers to fill labor market shortfalls, and the

Japan is noted for its fusion of tradition and innovation

government is working on measures to ease the transition for expats. Areas of high demand include engineering, sales, accounting and finance, IT and technician roles, health professionals, high-level managers and other highly skilled positions. Across these sectors, there’s high demand for graduates who are fluent in both Japanese and English, while speakers of Chinese and Korean are also highly valued. Businesses in Japan are also increasingly seeking employees who combine international experience and a global outlook with a good understanding of the local culture – making international graduates of local universities an attractive prospect. While fluency in Japanese is required for many professional roles, it may be possible to find English-speaking positions across the corporate, IT and technology sectors. Other sectors in which it may be possible to find English-

based roles include TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language), banking and finance, and English-language journalism, publishing or media. To stay in Japan after graduation you’ll need to get permission to extend your ‘Period of Stay’ from the Japanese Immigration Bureau, approximately three months before your student visa expires. This will cost ¥4,000 (US$33) and will require all the documentation listed for your visa as well as a completed application form, a certificate of enrollment at a Japanese university, grades and transcripts, student ID card, proof of financial support (such as a bank statement or scholarship receipt) and a residence card (if applicable).

To find out more, visit www.TopUniversities.com/Where-to-Study

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Consisting of two separately edited sections, The Japan Times / International New York Times combines the best English-language reporting on Japan and the world. Subscribers also receive free access to NYTimes.com, The New York Times apps and The Japan Times website. Digital-only subscriptions to The Japan Times website also available.

2015

2016

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Business and Management There’s been an explosion in study options on the business and management scene in recent years, Tim Dhoul writes, testament to the subject’s growing popularity with students and recruiters alike.

he study of business and management at master’s level is hugely popular in the US – in fact, just last year it was revealed to be the most popular area of postgraduate study, accounting for roughly a quarter of all master’s degrees conferred in the 2011-12 academic year, and overtaking the field of education in the process. However, the subject’s popularity is by no means limited to the US alone – for example, it is in Europe that a number of the world’s most renowned master’s programs in business and management outside of the MBA (master’s of business administration) format are to be found. At this point, a qualification of what’s meant by “master’s level business and management qualifications” seems prudent. An MBA is a master’s level degree in the field of business and management, but it targets a distinct set of candidates, and offers these candidates a very different proposition from almost any other qualification in the field. Experience is the principal difference. Whereas the MBA (and indeed, the Executive MBA or EMBA) is designed for those who have already entered and spent a number of years cutting their teeth in the professional world, other master’s degrees in business and management are predominantly (with some exceptions) intended for pre-experience candidates who may have only recently completed an

undergraduate degree. These are the degrees on which this guide focuses. Course types & requirements Master’s degrees in business and management come in all manner of names and titles depending on where in the world you wish to study and the individual universities, or business schools, on which you have your eye. They could be advertised as an MSc in Management or an MSc in Business and Economics, for instance. We also have the pleasure of welcoming the funsounding acronyms of the MiM (Master’s in Management) and MiB (Master’s in International Business) into this category. By whichever name they are known, these degrees have been booming in popularity around the world in recent years. And this is true not least in the US – a country where the format has essentially had to fight its way into a market traditionally dominated by the MBA.

“Many programs will make provisions for students to take an internship where they can gain first-hand experience” With more now expected of workforces at an earlier age, the value of taking a master’s in business and management early on in your career is increasingly staking its case among those mindful of

London School of Economics and Political Science

the level of competition that awaits them in the job market. Big names and top-ranking schools for MBAs in the US, such as MIT Sloan, Duke Fuqua and Kellogg School of Management, are all now proud to offer master’s in management degrees as a result of the increase in demand. This trend can also be seen outside of the US. According to an annual GMAC report, among master’s in management programs around the world, 61% reported a rise in applications in 2013 and 58% noted increases in 2014. Speaking of applications, gaining admission to a reputable master’s in management or business program will invariably involve taking either

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(LSE

nce

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reason for this is the demand for ‘jobready’ graduates alluded to previously. Therefore, alongside the more traditional course modules, in finance for instance, there is a whole range of different options for those looking to enter particular industries or functions in business – many of which tap into recent and emerging trends. These options, which can be found either by degree name or as focus options within a more generalized degree include, but are not limited to, management disciplines within: real estate, fashion and luxury goods, health, energy, public policy and governance, sport, data analytics and information systems. Although almost every and any master’s degree in management will emphasize the importance of acquiring an international outlook and understanding of business across multiple countries, for those who wish to make this a firm focus there are also options to take a joint or dual degree offered between two institutions.

(LSE) is 9th in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015 for Business and Management

GMAC’s GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) – the very same one that dominates proceedings at MBA level – or the GRE (Graduate Record Examinations). As we have touched on, prior work experience is not usually a stringent requirement, with a key aim being to enable new or recent graduates at undergraduate level to further develop their skillsets before they are unleashed into a business world full of everincreasing expectations and demands. With that in mind, many programs will make provisions for students to take an internship at a company or organization through which they can gain valuable first-hand experience.

Indeed, recent research has emphasized the importance employers attach to graduates being ‘job-ready’ when they complete their degrees, and this has seen a number of institutions form industry partnerships – not only to facilitate internship opportunities for their students, but also to keep abreast of what qualities businesses and corporations are most looking for when they take on newly graduating hires at this level. Specializations Specialized degrees in the field of business and management are increasingly common, with new options being added to the repertoire available at the world’s leading institutions with every passing year. A principal

In 2014/15, for example, ESCP Europe launched exactly this kind of collaboration with MIT Sloan School of Management, giving students the option to be considered for MIT Sloan’s management studies or finance programs having completed a year of ESCP’s MiM degree – resulting in the award of a degree from both institutions. New in 2015, meanwhile, will be a global MiM delivered jointly by London Business School and Shanghai’s Fudan School of Management, likewise allowing students to attain two degree accreditations over its two years. Elsewhere, a well-established international management education alliance known as CEMS, originally founded in 1988, now offers a master’s in management program across a network of 29 schools that span five continents. This option allows students to gain a CEMS MiM as well as a related master’s from the partner institution at which they enroll. Options include LSE’s own MiM qualification or a master’s degree from one of three graduate

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Top 20 Universities for Business & Management Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015 Rank

Name of Institution

Location

London Business School

United Kingdom

Harvard University

United States

INSEAD

France

Stanford University

United States

University of Pennsylvania

United States

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi

Italy

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

United Kingdom

Copenhagen Business School

Denmark

National University of Singapore Singapore (NUS)

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

13 =

HEC Paris

France

13 =

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

University of Melbourne

Australia

University of Chicago

United States

Erasmus University Rotterdam

The Netherlands

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

Hong Kong

19 =

New York University (NYU)

United States

19 =

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Australia

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

schools at Japan’s Keio University, to name but two examples from an alliance that limits itself to one partner school per country. Career prospects The overarching aim of a preexperience or early-career master’s in business and management is to assist graduates in gaining a strong foothold in the job market, regardless of the specific industry or function in which they are looking to progress. It’s important to note that taking an intensive master’s degree at an early stage in your career by no means rules out the option of enrolling in an MBA degree further down the line. Owing to the differing experiences and outcomes these qualifications offer, students might use a MiM to kick-start their careers before returning to the educational fold to enhance their progression options at senior level, or to open up new avenues of employment altogether. As an example of the timeline at work here, a recent feature in the Financial Times showed a number of London Business School’s graduates from a MiM program launched in 2009 to be undertaking MBAs in 2014, having reached the point in their careers where the benefits of the professional qualification became an attractive proposition. Salaries earned by graduates, as you might expect, will vary widely across countries and industries. However, for some level of indication applicable to those in the US, a 2015 report from Georgetown University shows that postgraduate degrees in business result in an average rise in median salary of about 33% (or US$22,000), taking alumni in the 25-59 age range towards figures approaching US$90,000 – with higher salaries achieved within particular business specialization areas.

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Engineering Amongst the most in-demand groups of graduates, engineers have more specializations and career paths than ever to choose from, Hasna Haidar writes.

ast your mind back just one year and the world looks comparatively alien compared to the technological, scientific, medical and commercial changes and innovations we enjoy today. From BMW’s i3 electric car, personal drones, Google Glass and the Apple watch to genomic-based cancer testing, bionic eyes, genetic engineering and the vast potential of 3D printing, the force behind many of the world’s greatest advances is often a team of engineers. With engineers forming an integral part of any organization looking to increase efficiency or create a better product through a creative, innovative solution, engineering graduates are likely to find themselves in high demand across a wide range of sectors. Your interest in engineering at the graduate level may lead you to careers in fields as far-ranging as space exploration and advanced medical treatments to cyber security and entrepreneurship. As such, it’s no wonder that the US’s National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) found that engineering graduates command the

highest salaries within the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects. Plus, in a collaborative study exploring bachelor’s and master’s degrees held by the world’s millionaires, business magazine Spear’s and data research company WealthInsight found that the majority of the millionaires they surveyed held degrees in engineering. These are both promising findings if your desire to pursue a graduate degree in engineering is driven by an expectation of a high

“There is a huge variety of postgraduate courses within engineering” starting salary and a wealth of potential career opportunities. Course types & requirements A Master of Engineering or Master of Science in Engineering can take one of two forms: an academic degree at the postgraduate level, or a professional degree emphasizing skills and practical analysis over the former’s theory and research. The types of degree available to you will partly be determined by the

country and the institution in which you have chosen to study. For example, the Master of Engineering degree in Australia is a two to three year research degree with an end-ofyear thesis, while in the US and Canada a Master of Engineering is a two-year professional degree taken after a fouryear bachelor’s degree in engineering. In the UK the four-year postgraduate Master in Engineering (MEng) is designed to prepare students to become chartered engineers, and may extend to five years for students to spend a year in industry. Some universities in the UK now also offer Doctor of Engineering (EngD) programs. These lead to a qualification equivalent to a PhD, but take a research-focused industry approach, rather than the traditional academic approach. There is huge variety in postgraduate courses within engineering, with each institution offering a range of highly specialized courses designed to create experts in the field in question. For example, Australia’s University of Melbourne offers a master’s program

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Some master’s degrees with a more professional focus may require candidates to have been employed in the relevant engineering field, while many offer opportunities to undertake workplace projects as part of the program.

which explores innovative, sustainable solutions to environmental problems in engineering sectors, while the US’s University of Texas at Austin provides a petroleum engineering degree focused on energy issues. Alternatively, the Netherlands’ Eindhoven University of Technology offers an architectural engineering degree incorporating economic, legal, political and environmental perspectives, while the UK’s Imperial College London offers an MSc in Biological Engineering

“Mechanical engineering is the oldest and broadest of engineering specializations” with four separate streams: biomechanics, biomaterials, medical physics and neurotechnology. Whatever engineering discipline you choose, entry requirements will depend on the type of program, with some emphasizing grades and others emphasizing professional experience. Most master’s degrees require strong grades in an undergraduate degree, preferably in a relevant science, mathematics, computer science or engineering discipline. You may also be accepted on the basis of individual courses you have studied, with a particularly high value placed on mathematics, physical science and engineering modules. You may need to provide Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) results to prove you are ready for postgraduate-level study. Of course, if you’re studying abroad, you’ll need to prove your competency in the language of study.

Specializations When it comes to specializations, engineering presents an interesting conundrum. Within the wider field of engineering, there are around eight main specializations of which you might have come across dedicated undergraduate degrees. Within these specializations are further branches of engineering, with postgraduate degrees often dedicated to these highly specialized fields. The following are the eight specializations and some of the available sub-branches: Mechanical engineering is the oldest and broadest of engineering specializations, and is concerned with the design, manufacturing and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineering overlaps with many other branches of engineering, and combines aspects of a wide range of engineering topics to create degrees such as the MSc ETH in Mechanical Engineering at Switzerland’s ETH Zurich. Aerospace engineering concerns the design, development, construction, testing, science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft. Within aerospace, aeronautical engineering focuses on aircraft and aerodynamics, while astronautical engineering focuses on spacecraft and the extreme conditions of space. Chemical engineering combines natural and experimental sciences with biology, microbiology and biochemistry in the creation of industrial processes that turn raw materials into products. Chemical engineers can be roughly divided into two groups: those who work on established chemical or biological processes, and those who focus on developing new or adapted substances. Within chemical engineering, nanotechnology involves

Top 5 Universities for Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering

Rank

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Stanford University

United States

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

University of Michigan

United States

the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale – an increasingly high-profile sector, as society looks to develop smaller but better versions of existing products. Civil engineering is concerned with building, constructing and maintaining the physical structures within society, and has seen a shortage of experienced graduates in recent years. The field divides into structural engineering, architectural engineering, transportation engineering; geotechnical (specializing in soil, rock, mining and petroleum) and hydraulic engineering (concerned with large bodies of liquid). A final branch within civil engineering is environmental engineering, which is dedicated to developing strategies to help the environment, and has gained in popularity and recognition in recent years as organizations and governments prioritize their environmental policies. A natural consequence of this prioritization is that sustainable construction has emerged as a popular specialization within civil engineering, focused on sustainable construction techniques and best practices.

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Electrical engineering and electronics engineering are similar but distinct specializations that often overlap with mechanical and civil engineering, and use elements of computer science and physics. This dynamic field involves the development of circuits used in computers and other modern technologies, and is set to evolve rapidly and grow in demand as technology becomes increasingly advanced and further integrated into various aspects of daily life. Engineering management emerged as a specialization in response to industry demand for management-focused engineers. Typically, courses integrate industrial engineering skills and business acumen, with engineering and business schools often developing the program on a joint basis. For example, MIT’s System Design & Management (SDM) graduate program was jointly developed by the School of Engineering and Sloan School of Management. Biomedical engineering is a relatively new field, merging engineering, biology and medicine. This multidisciplinary area of engineering is concerned with the research and development of scientific and engineering solutions to biological, clinical and medical problems. Career prospects With forecast demand of 100,000 new STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) professionals per year until 2020, the primary message of a recent report from the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE) was quite simply: “demand for graduate engineers exceeds supply”. Demand is highest for graduates in the aerospace and systems engineering sectors according to the RAE, while Forbes reports most opportunities in the mechanical and industrial engineering sectors. A report from Georgetown University predicts greatest shortfalls in the petroleum, aerospace, chemical and electrical engineering sectors. In addition to demand, several reports over the past few years have confirmed that completing a master’s in engineering can mean

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Top 5 Universities for Electrical & Electronics Engineering Rank

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Stanford University

United States

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

Harvard University

United States

ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)

Switzerland

use of nanostructures, while my current research involves using these same nanostructures for the storage of electrical energy.”

Abdurrahman Shougee Imperial College London, UK PhD in Electrical Engineering Having completed his four-year integrated master’s degree at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Imperial College London, Canadian/Maldivian national Abdurrahman Shougee opted to stay on for a PhD. “My initial choice to study at Imperial stemmed from a combination of the desire to study an engineering degree which incorporated business and management studies, and a wish to attend one of the top universities in the world,” he recalls. Being offered a departmental scholarship meant seamless transition into PhD research. “My master’s project involved harnessing heat energy into electrical energy with the

Some of his biggest achievements include graduating with first class honors and presenting his master’s project at the Micro and Nano Engineering conference, not to mention working for LOCOG (the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games) as an electrical design assistant with the energy team. Alongside his research, Abdurrahman also enjoys working as a graduate teaching assistant, demonstrating experiments for first and second year undergraduates and doing assessments. “Having gone through the same things four or five years ago, I can relate to what they are doing and can use my experience and knowledge to guide them.” Speaking of the transition from taught courses to postgraduate research, Abdurrahman cautions students to be prepared for the change in approach in their studies. “The freedom of determining your schedule and tasks is one of the biggest perks of postgraduate research, but with it comes the difficulty, responsibility and discipline of getting yourself to work and deciding what you have to do.”

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Chemical engineering combines natural and experimental sciences with biology, microbiology and biochemistry

an impressive salary, with engineering graduates in the US earning an average of US$75,000 per year and this figure rising to US$99,000 for those with a graduate degree. According to the UK Engineering Council’s Survey of Registered Engineers 2013, chartered engineers can expect to earn £63,000 (~US$96,700) per year, with around 14% earning more than £100,000 (US$153,000). As such, a master’s in engineering should put you in good stead to secure a lucrative career in a wide range of engineering sectors, organizations and firms. Some common career paths pursued by engineering graduates include: Chemical engineer: Whether designing, manufacturing and operating industrial processes in a factory or developing new and adapted substances and materials in a laboratory, a chemical engineer can earn around US$81,400 per year, with the best-paid working in the oil and gas production sector earning over US$100,000 annually. Mechanical engineer: A diverse field encompassing a wide range of engineering disciplines, mechanical engineers can earn an average of US$83,000, with senior-level engineers earning over US$126,000. Computer software engineer: Using expert knowledge of computer science,

engineering and mathematics, computer software engineers design, develop, test and evaluate the software and systems of computers. You could expect to earn between US$91,000 and US$129,000, with Google paying its software engineers an average base salary of US$124,520. Electrical engineer: Designing, developing and maintaining electrical control systems and/or components through a mixture of technical knowledge and commercial awareness, electrical engineers can expect to earn between US$61,000 and US$85,000. Management positions in engineering firms: In a 2012 study, 55% of hiring managers in the engineering sector noted that good communication skills were as essential as technical engineering skills when it comes to recruiting within engineering. This might explain why many master’s programs now include a strong focus on preparing students for roles in engineering management, addressing difficulties historically faced by engineering professionals when promoted to management-level positions. Managers in engineering firms have extensive knowledge of a particular engineering specialization along with expertise in business management.

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts United Institute of States Technology (MIT)

Delft University of Technology

The Netherlands

National University of Singapore (NUS)

Singapore

Imperial College London

United Kingdom

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

Top 5 Universities for Chemical Engineering

Rank

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

Stanford University

United States

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

National University of Singapore (NUS)

Singapore

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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Computer Science Vyara Pancheva probes the fast-changing world of computer science, and the growing range of career paths for graduates in this field.

he modern world is currently witnessing a revolution like no other: the computer revolution. Every day more computer-based machines emerge and every day teams of creative specialists develop them even further. From PCs to smartphones, ATMs to e-books, tablets to GPS systems, so many aspects of our lives have rapidly come to depend on ever-more innovative hardware, software and applications. As Steve Jobs famously said; “Computers themselves, and software yet to be developed, will revolutionize the way we learn.” Indeed, computer science is transforming pretty much every area of human activity – communication, travel, trade, politics, healthcare, employment, entertainment, and so much more. Gain a graduate qualification in computer science, and you could be at the fore of the next phases in this crosssector revolution. Course types & requirements Graduate-level computer science courses are designed for those with some prior training and experience in programming,

“Work experience in programming is usually considered an advantage” aiming to develop the specialized skills and knowledge needed for professional computer-based roles. Most courses combine theoretical and practical approaches, featuring lectures, seminars, individual projects, case studies and workshops. Alongside common computer science topics – such as operating systems, networking, programming languages, data types and algorithms,

the software lifecycle, relational theory, relational algebra, query languages and data design – some courses will also include modules designed to develop students’ management skills, through teamwork and project management. Applicants will be expected to have achieved strong grades at undergraduate level, in a subject related to mathematics and/or computing, with those from science and engineering disciplines also considered. Working experience in programming is usually considered an advantage. In short, you need to be able to prove you possess the necessary background to cope with a high level of mathematics and have at least basic skills in computer programming. Specializations Computer science crosses discipline boundaries, drawing on mathematics, science, engineering and business. While the field is constantly developing, with more specializations emerging almost

by the week, there are certain wellestablished and popular strains, including: Computer programming This is the study of how to program computers to perform certain tasks, and how to write detailed instructions of the steps a computer must follow in order to solve a problem. This includes studying and analyzing various computer languages such as Java, JavaScript, C++, C#, Python, PHP, SQL, Swift and others. The study of computer programming also involves testing computer programs for problems – “debugging”. Computer graphics This specialization is closely related

Image:freeimage.com/Alen Stojanac

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to graphic design and the visual arts. It’s based on the study of video and computer technologies to produce two-, three- and four-dimensional graphic images using computers. Interactivity is also key here, and this specialization will introduce various interactive tools developed in computer graphics with their design rationales and algorithms. Examples include enhancements to graphical user interfaces, authoring tools for 2D drawings and 3D animations, and interactive computeraided design systems. Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a complex, highly interdisciplinary branch of computer science that incorporates the principles of human intelligence and reasoning into computing systems. AI students are involved in creating computer systems that have the ability to plan, adapt to different situations, acquire human-like senses, and effect changes to the environment. Core topics include machine learning, probabilistic reasoning, robotics, computer vision and natural language processing. Robotics Robotics applies artificial intelligence and engineering concepts to create and program mechanical devices that perform a variety of tasks. Many universities offer separate programs dedicated to robotics technology, but it could also be a specialized track within a more general course. Students who choose to study robotics will become familiar with theories of intelligent robotic control and software tools required to implement standard algorithms in mobile robots and robot manipulators.

Software engineering This interdisciplinary specialization combines computer science, computer technology, management and engineering economics. You’ll learn about designing and creating complex software systems to solve real-life problems; evaluating and using advanced software engineering environments; design methods and programming languages. Topics covered may include computer vision, critical systems, design patterns, software architecture, requirement analysis, e-business, intelligent agents, model checking and multimedia. Computer security This discipline aims to protect programs against various threats through the identification and mediation of risks. It attempts to preserve the confidentiality and integrity of users’ interaction with data, services and devices. This specialization allows students to obtain knowledge and expertise to evaluate, design and build secure computer systems. As computers develop and the technologies we use become more complex, opportunities for security breach likewise grow, and being able to detect and resist attacks is a high priority. Specialists in this field are in particularly high demand within telecommunications, governments and commerce. Telecommunications engineering This specialization combines computer technology with information processing and distribution. It covers the design, installation and maintenance of the networks and equipment which allow people to use phones and the internet. Telecommunications engineering

involves the analysis and design of all systems that receive, transmit and deliver information. You will learn all about digital transmission systems – their design, construction, testing, management, programming and usability, as well as threats to security and protective measures. Data processing Data processing is the study of how data is stored in computers and how it can be processed to solve accounting and management problems. Most courses include training in data entry and computer operations. You will learn how data is captured, aggregated, stored and analyzed. This specialization usually combines elements of management and computer science, with the aim of training future electronic data processing (EDP) managers, who run complex computer centers. Other popular specializations include cognitive science, computer networks, management information systems, neural networks, system analysis and others. Career prospects As technologies evolve, so too do career prospects and positions in the IT sector. Those currently enrolling in a graduate computer science degree may find job titles and demand have shifted even by the time they enter the job market. That said, the following key roles are likely to remain among the sector’s biggest recruiters. Systems developer Systems developers are responsible for maintaining, auditing and improving organizational support systems using

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existing systems or incorporating new technologies to meet particular needs. They test both hardware and software systems, diagnose and resolve system faults, and write codes for operating systems and software to ensure efficiency. Systems developers can also write and develop new software programs or improve and test already existing programs. Front-end developer Front-end developers design and develop websites and applications using web technologies like HTML, CSS and JavaScript. They are responsible for those elements of a website that the user sees and interacts with directly. The job is a combination of programming skills and creativity, as front-end developers need to understand element arrangements on the screen and make color and font choices. The main goal is to create userfriendly websites, while continually improving design and user experience. Software engineer Software engineers are responsible for developing and maintaining effective software systems that satisfy user requirements. They deal with everything concerning a software product, from research and design to implementation, training and support. Typical responsibilities include maintaining current applications, writing new software and operating manuals, testing products and training users. Games developer Careers in games development center on the creation of games for personal computers, games consoles, online games, arcade games, tablets, mobile phones and other devices. Computer

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www. www.topgradschool.com TopUniversities.com

and dads while studying far from home. That is why I chose to study computer science.”

Antoniya Atanasova Technische Universität München, Germany MSc in Informatics (Computer Science) Antoniya Atanasova, from Bulgaria, is currently in her final year studying the MSc in Informatics at Germany’s Technische Universität München. She already has a BSc in Software Engineering, but was keen to develop her knowledge while also benefitting from the chance to study at an internationally renowned institution. Her decision to study the subject was founded in a belief, from an early age, that computer science really has the power to transform people’s lives. While her high school teachers told her she was choosing the “hardest” course, she prefers to think of it as “challenging”. Looking to the near future, she predicts: “Soon we will be able to capture our memories and store them for the future generations; we will be able to see a 3D representation of our mums

While continuing her studies, Antoniya has also gained experience working within the IT sector – and she advises others to do the same. “Finding an internship or a working student position really helps to better practice all the principles you have learned. I could say that it is not that hard to find a job, because in addition to the big companies, there are many startups, where you can contribute with innovation ideas.” In addition, she highlights the importance of getting into the habit of pursuing independent learning and development in as many ways as possible. “During your studies, even though it might feel tough at some points, you need to find some time to practice,” she advises. “Make your own small software program, for example, read additional literature and do not be afraid of trying new and unfamiliar technologies.” As she nears the end of her master’s degree, Antoniya is full of excitement about her own future – and that of her sector more generally. “Topics like wearable devices and virtual reality make me feel excited about the IT sector and how humans and machines will cooperate in the future,” she says. “I feel that computer sciences can really make the world a better place.”

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science graduates may be involved in designing how games look and play out, animating characters and objects, creating audio features, programming, localization, testing and producing.

Information systems manager An information systems manager is responsible for the computer systems of a company. They oversee the installation of new systems and ensure they operate

Top 20 Universities for Computer Science Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015 Rank

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Stanford University

United States

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

Carnegie Mellon University

United States

Harvard University

United States

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

Hong Kong

ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology)

Switzerland

Princeton University

United States

National University of Singapore Singapore (NUS)

University of Hong Kong (HKU)

Hong Kong

University of Melbourne

Australia

University of Edinburgh

United Kingdom

Imperial College London

United Kingdom

University of Toronto

Canada

University of Los Angeles (UCLA)

United States

18 =

The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)

Hong Kong

18 =

University of Tokyo

Japan

University of Washington

United States

effectively, purchase new hardware and software, and help improve quality standards and strategic planning. Before reaching managerial level, you will usually need to acquire experience in areas such as technical support or operations, and will need both technical expertise and an understanding of business and management principles. IT consultant IT consultants advise clients on how to use information technology in order to meet their business objectives or overcome problems. They work in various companies and organizations and aim to improve the structure and efficiency of IT systems, providing guidance on a range of matters connected to technology and IT infrastructures. IT consultants may also be involved in business development and employee training. Quality assurance (QA) manager Quality assurance managers determine and establish procedures and quality standards and monitor these against established targets. They may be involved in providing customer service, as well as testing and improving products and systems. Typical job activities include writing technical reports and customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; charters, determining training needs and implementing processes to improve the quality of performance. Multimedia programmer If you choose to pursue a career as a multimedia programmer, you will deal with various multimedia features such as text, sound, graphics, digital photography, 2D/3D modeling, animation and/or video, and implement those to create products such as websites or new computer programs. Your job will commonly revolve around internet products, but may also include projects for interactive television, DVDs, computer games consoles or mobile phones. This role demands a strong combination of both creative and technical skills.

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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Law It’s an exciting time to be entering the legal sector, Laura Tucker writes. Get inspiration for your future career path.

Graduate-level study is often a prerequisite for careers in the legal sector

Image:©stockvault

hile a graduate-level qualification is not a necessity in most sectors, law is one field in which grad school is often a prerequisite for professional practice. This is particularly the case in countries such as the US, where law is exclusively reserved for graduate level. But even in countries where law is popularly studied at bachelor’s level, the competitive and challenging nature of the subject makes further study a common choice. Indeed, law is a notoriously competitive arena, and this remains the case. The past few years have seen employment levels of law school graduates hesitantly rising worldwide, and law firms becoming more active in their hiring following the global financial crisis. But a steep rise in the number of recent law graduates has meant the employment rate still lags behind those entering the sector.

A well-chosen graduate degree then, could help talented legal students bypass the weakening entry-level jobs market, and stand out as serious contenders for more specialized roles and competitive training contracts. Those who combine a law degree with studying abroad can also gain a further

“Demand for cost-effective legal services worldwide is greater than ever” competitive edge, perhaps gaining firsthand knowledge of international legal systems, or honing second language skills for use within multinational law firms. Recent trends have seen much furor within the world of law, with global legislative changes impacting on the study and training process as well as the

overall market. Demand for cost-effective legal services worldwide is greater than ever, for both customers and the sector. While UK legislation now allows organizations as diverse as supermarket retail chains and haulage companies to sell legal services to the public, established law firms continue to merge and evolve. Improved regulation and increasing pressure for transparency have also had a significant impact on the market, making room for commercially aware graduates with a good understanding of corporate social responsibility. Historically slow to adapt to global trends, the legal sector is still in the process of transitioning into the information age. Alongside ever-expanding opportunities for tech-savvy trainees, there’s the emergence of new legal models such as virtual law firms, e-discovery, and marketing and consultancy via

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social media – all of which means that entrepreneurial and innovative graduates have more scope than ever to change the legal landscape. Course types & requirements In the US, the graduate-level Juris Doctor (JD) is the first professional law qualification offered, taking three years of full-time study to complete. Applying to law school in the US is a lengthy process, and forward-planning (ideally 18 months ahead) is a must. Outside of the US, in English-speaking countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland and the UK, the most common graduate law program is the LLM (Master of Laws). This is internationally recognized and usually takes one year of full-time study to complete, though some programs can last two years. Although the LLM is not compulsory to be able to undertake legal practice training, it is often chosen by students wishing to improve their knowledge and employability within a certain area of law. And while the JD remains the standard professional qualification in the US, students looking to build their international credentials may instead opt for an LLM. While it’s possible to apply to JD programs after studying a broad range of undergraduate disciplines, most LLM candidates at top universities are required to hold an undergraduate degree in law (e.g. the LLB – Bachelor of Laws). However, those with other undergraduate backgrounds may also be considered, particularly if they have relevant work experience. If you have neither a relevant degree nor professional experience, consider undertaking a oneyear law conversion program such as the GDL (Graduate Diploma in Law) or CPE (Common Professional Examination). Upon leaving academia, JD holders should note that in order to practice in the US, it’s necessary to pass the bar exam, which varies from state-to-state. In the UK meanwhile, LLM/LLB holders who wish to become solicitors or barristers must undertake the LPC (Legal Practice Course) and a two-year training contract with a law firm.

Specializations It’s an exciting time for law careers, as contemporary development across many industries is causing global shifts in legislation, within areas such as internet security, international politics and environmental policy. Opportunities are fast-emerging for legal experts to tackle issues in these sectors, with strong prospects for specialized candidates. Promising fields for continued growth include legal issues relating to environment and resources, employment, human rights, banking and finance, medicine, technology, intellectual property, international and European law, and statutory law. Following societal changes, the higher education sector has responded with a rise in the number of joint degrees and specialized LLM programs, particularly across Europe. These programs not only offer the chance to become highly specialized in certain fields, they also allow forward-thinking students to gain

“Forward-planning is a must when applying to law school in the US as it’s a lengthy process” an advanced understanding of emerging issues and markets before the rest of the legal industry takes note. While the University of Oxford, for instance, offers specialized master’s degrees in dual subjects such as law and finance, criminology and criminal justice and international human rights law, other leading universities offer varied LLM specializations appealing to the local context, such as Hollywood-based UCLA’s LLM in entertainment, media and intellectual property law. Other schools with environmental priorities also offer programs bridging the gap between environmental law and new law graduates, such as the University of Oregon’s environmental and natural resources law concentration. Unlike general LLM programs, specialized LLMs hone in on particular areas of law in order to equip graduates with expert knowledge in fast-changing legal areas. As the sector opens up to new opportunities, disruption is both inevitable

and vital for the continued relevance of the industry, meaning that graduates are having to become more adept at handling complicated and international specialized cases. In the University of Oregon’s environmental LLM concentration for instance, areas of study include environment and pollution, wildlife and animal law, hazardous waste law, land use law and coastal law. All of these areas, while not featuring prominently in general programs, are essential for anyone wishing to pursue careers in environmental law. These kinds of programs provide great opportunities for students to get ahead of the competition. Career prospects While not all law graduates become qualified lawyers, most do pursue a legal career. In order to become a practicing lawyer, you’ll be required to gain formal vocational experience within the sector, such as with the Legal Practice Course (LPC) in the UK. This takes one year of full-time study to complete, after which you’ll have to undertake a professional training contract, spanning a period of two years full-time work within a law firm. While the LPC is a significant expense (upwards of UK£8,000/ US$12,300), many training contracts are salaried positions. Meanwhile in the US, graduates holding a JD law degree are required to undertake the bar exam in order to practice professionally. The truth of the matter, however, is that law graduates are not guaranteed to find training contracts or placements, meaning that despite intensive years of study and expenditure, your career in law is dependent on your grades, motivation and ability to market yourself to hiring firms. Within the UK alone, approximately 30,000 students commence law degrees each year, eventually competing for fewer than 5,000 training contracts and 500 pupillages. This is where having an indemand specialization to your bow could make all the difference. Once you’ve entered the sector, the good news is that salaries do very quickly reflect the years of hard work undertaken to get there. According to a

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recent analysis of UK salary data from benchmarking site Emolument.com, entry-level legal professionals earn an average of UK£54,000 (~US$83,000) annually in their first five years, with a hike of as much as UK£25,000 (US$38,400) every five years, leading to an average salary of UK£181,000 (US$278,200) after fifteen plus years in the sector. And, if you studied at a top law school in the US, your prospects look even better; according to Forbes, median starting salaries for graduates of the top 25 US law schools are between US$100,000 and US$160,000. The umbrella term ‘lawyer’ refers to several distinct roles, with the exact terminology varying depending on the country. The most visible lawyers are often barristers, best known for standing up to defend and prosecute in court. But there are many other legal experts behind the scenes, including the solicitors and legal executives who often play vital roles in putting a case together, as well as advising clients on all kinds of issues. Barristers are typically self-employed, though often sharing some administrative and operating costs by forming a shared ‘chambers’. Solicitors and legal executives may also work solo, but are more likely to be found working within a team as part of a law firm. While salary levels favor the barristers, quick progress to partner

“As well as becoming a lawyer, you could also become a paralegal, an outdoor clerk or legal assistant” and private-practice roles mean other legal professionals also have high earning potential. Before you pin all your hopes on one career path, however, consider the alternative options available. As well as becoming a lawyer, you could also become a paralegal, an outdoor clerk or legal assistant, a barrister’s clerk, a researcher for a law reformation body, a caseworker (such as with the

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body, a caseworker (such as with the Crown Prosecution Service in the UK), a chartered legal executive, a licensed conveyancer, a costs lawyer, a PA or legal secretary, or a trademark attorney. Outside of the legal sector, law graduates are also highly valued within marketing, business, finance, consultancy, HR management, accountancy, insurance, publishing, journalism, teaching and social welfare. Within the public sector, you’ll also find your skills are needed within the police

Top 20 Universities for Law Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015 Rank

Name of Institution

Location

“Leading law schools have numerous partnerships with high-profile law firms”

Harvard University

United States

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

service and government policy advisory boards in the areas of law enforcement and criminal justice.

Yale University

United States

New York University (NYU)

United States

Stanford University

United States

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

United Kingdom

University of Melbourne

Australia

University of California, Berkeley

United States

Columbia University

United States

UCL (University College London) United Kingdom

University of Chicago

United States

University of Sydney

Australia

National University of Singapore Singapore (NUS)

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Australia

Australian National University (ANU)

Australia

King’s College London (KCL)

United Kingdom

Peking University

China

University of Hong Kong (HKU)

Hong Kong

University of Tokyo

Japan

To improve your career prospects, take advantage of your institution’s careers service and any affiliations with external law societies and organizations. More often than not, leading law schools will have numerous partnerships with high-profile law firms, leading to placements and networking opportunities during your degree and often enhanced graduate prospects.

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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International Relations Laura Bridgestock looks at the increasingly diverse selection of international relations courses on offer, and equally diverse career prospects in the field.

s international connections, communication and collaboration become increasingly important across all areas of life, it’s unsurprising to find a corresponding increase in demand for graduates specialized in the field of international relations (IR). The mostcoveted positions – such as those in high-profile international organizations – are hotly contested, and studying a specialized master’s is a definite asset, particularly if combined with international experience. IR is often associated with a fairly clearly defined set of activities – diplomatic missions to other countries, trade agreements and conflict mediation, for instance. These indeed remain central areas within the field, but in fact the discipline’s scope extends further than you may think. International relations encompasses a diverse range of channels through which nations, governments, economies, societies and various international organizations interact – and the field is continually evolving to keep pace with global developments.

the last century; the first dedicated department for international relations was founded in the UK at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in 1924. Today, common topics and specializations covered by the field include conflict and peacemaking; comparative foreign policy; environmental policy; human rights; trade and financial regulation; international law; diplomatic tools and processes; migration and refugees; international security; and the role of international organizations such as the European Union.

range of academic backgrounds”

Course types & entry requirements As a wide-reaching and interdisciplinary field, international relations is explored through a variety of different program types. At master’s level, it may be offered as either a Master of Science (MSc) or Master of Arts (MA), and the subject may be referred to as international relations, international affairs or global affairs (to name just a few variations). Often, course titles pair international relations with a related field or specialization, such as diplomacy, governance, politics, business, law, conflict resolution or development. As detailed below, a growing number of even more highly specialized programs are also available.

Of course, demand for IR has existed throughout recorded history; for as long as distinct human communities have sought ways to communicate, to control or conquer one another, and to trade and collaborate. But the field was only formally established as part of the higher education portfolio within

In accord with the subject’s broad range of specializations, international relations programs tend to attract students from a fairly diverse range of academic backgrounds. However while it is possible to cross over from the natural or life sciences or technology it’s fair to say that the majority of applicants are

“IR programs tend to attract students from a fairly diverse

International relations careers are as diverse as they com from the arts, humanities and social sciences. Some courses have more specific requirements; for instance, students may be required to have completed at least some basic courses in economics before enrolling. And for some master’s

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programs, standardized tests such as the GRE are required; if this is the case, you should be able to check the median scores of accepted applicants, to get an idea of

“Courses vary in terms of

teaching style and the type of work students are expected to complete ” whether your scores are high enough. Professional experience may also be considered, especially if acquired in a relevant role. However, many master’s

One key point to bear in mind when choosing a program is how specialized you want to be. Some master’s courses offer a broad overview of key topics, while others are clearly focused on a particular area from the start. Courses also vary in terms of teaching style and the type of work students are expected to complete. Some offer internships as part of the course, while most will include project work and independent research. Some have a particularly intensive focus on the latter, designed to prepare students for research-based careers; this

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

prospects. As a result, many IR programs are particularly internationally diverse, offering the chance to study as part of a truly multicultural and multilingual community. Specializations Those entering IR from another subject area may opt for a program providing a fairly broad foundation in the field. In this instance, common core topics are likely to include comparative politics, international organizations, international finance, micro- and macro-economics, quantitative methods, economic development and international security. Students may also have the chance to take course modules focused on developing professional skills in areas such as leadership and project management. For those keen to specialize in a particular area of international relations, a growing number of highly focused master’s degrees are available. For example, the UK’s Kingston University offers an MSc in Terrorism and Political Violence; the Netherlands’ Utrecht University has an MSc in Migration, Ethnic Relations and Multiculturalism; Finland’s University of Jyväskylä teaches an MSc in Cultural Policy; and Slovenia’s University of Maribor has a dedicated MA in European Studies and European Union External Relations – just a few examples of the many specialized programs on offer.

come programs focus mostly on assessing applicants’ academic background, considering both grades attained and relevant skills and knowledge acquired. The exact set of criteria will depend on the individual institution, as well as norms in the country you’re applying to study in.

may be reflected in a course title such as MSc International Relations (Research). As you may expect, this is a discipline in which a large proportion of students are keen to study abroad, gaining first-hand international experience to enhance their studies and future career

Other related subjects commonly offered at master’s level include courses in public policy, public administration, comparative or regional politics, national and international security, and cross-cultural communication. Alternatively, you may choose to focus on environmental politics, corporate social responsibility, conflict resolution and mediation, international law, sustainable development, health policy, human rights and social justice, intercultural communication, social enterprises or trade. It’s also commonly possible to specialize in a particular set of countries or world region, or even in a specific international organization or system, such as the EU.

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Career prospects As the broad scope of the subject should imply, international relations career paths are as wide and varied as they come. Common employers of IR graduates include national bodies (such as governmental ministries and departments, civil services, think tanks and policy advisory groups); embassies and consulates; international organizations (such as UN agencies, EU departments, the World Health Organization and the World Economic Forum); charities, campaign groups, aid agencies and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The private sector is also a major employer of international relations graduates, particularly within companies which operate internationally. Some graduates will pursue communications-based careers such as journalism, PR and other media roles. Others follow career paths which call for strong analytical skill sets, such as banking, financial services and corporate consultancy. In part, this may be determined by the specializations chosen throughout undergraduate and graduate studies, and the corresponding skillsets acquired – but generally it’s fair to say that an international relations degree should leave multiple options open.

Silvana Amaya King’s College London, UK MA International Relations Colombian Silvana Amaya completed her master’s degree in the UK capital in 2013, after successfully applying for funding via the QS Leadership Scholarship. Since graduating she’s gone on to work at the Colombian Embassy in Berlin, Germany, where she’s currently the economic and trade attaché. Silvana was never in any doubt about which sector she was interested in, having been fascinated by international relations since becoming involved in the Model United Nations at a young age. She also knew she was headed for a master’s program, as a key step for those pursuing international relations careers. “In this field you do need

to have a master’s to grow in your career path – just as you need to speak English,” she says. “It wasn’t a question of ‘if’ but ‘when’.” Having completed her undergraduate degree in international relations and law, with a year abroad in Germany, Silvana went on to spend two years working as an advisor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Colombia. When the time felt right to return to her studies, she was keen to go abroad, to gain more experience of “international relations at a personal level”. Torn between the US and the UK, she ultimately decided London and the King’s College program presented the best match for her interests. Now back in the workplace and applying her studies, Silvana says every day brings new opportunities to put elements of her master’s degree into practice. “Every single task you do in your job has some reference to what you studied – both at undergraduate and graduate level.” In particular, she highlights analytical, organizational and interpersonal skills as core elements in her own role – along with, of course, multilingual proficiency. Her advice for others embarking on this path? First, consider gaining work experience before enrolling in a master’s degree. And second: “Enjoy the master’s – because work is going to be very busy!”

Of those graduating from graduate international relations programs offered by members of the Association of Professional Schools of International Relations (APSIA), around 35% go on to work in the public sector, 30% in the private sector, 30% in NGOs and 5% elsewhere. Areas likely to see significant growth in coming years include the international development sector, where there’s demand for graduates to combine multiple roles – research, project management, business development and policy analysis – and to support the movement away from service delivery and towards capacity building. Like all of the present generation, IR graduates will also find emerging roles in the energy and sustainability

IR graduates will also find emerging roles in the energy and sustainability sectors

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Studying at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) was founded in 1925 as the second Greek university and today it is the biggest in the country, covering all scientific fields. Our Undergraduate Study Programmes:

41 programmes in 10 Faculties Faculty of Theology Theology, Ecclesiastical and Social Theology Faculty of Philosophy Philology, History and Archaeology, Philosophy and Pedagogy, Psychology, English Language and Literature, French Language and Literature, German Language and Literature, Italian Language and Literature Faculty of Sciences Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology, Informatics Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Architecture, Rural and Surveying Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Spatial Planning and Development Faculty of Law Law

Faculty of Economics & Political Sciences Economics, Political Sciences, Journalism & Mass Media Studies Faculty of Fine Arts Visual and Applied Arts, Music Studies, Drama, Film Studies Faculty of Education Primary Education, Early Childhood Education Faculty of Health Sciences Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry & Natural Environment Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Thessaloniki), Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Serres),

69 Postgraduate Study Programmes 49 Master Programmes 2 Greek-French 2 Erasmus-Mundus 16 Interdisciplinary 3 with other Universities 23 Special Agreements (Protocols) for co-supervised PhD with foreign universities, for Greek and foreign doctoral candidates European Educational Programmes The leading University in mobility among all the Greek Higher Education Institutions 596 active bilateralagreements for students and faculty exchange

International relations 108 agreements for Scientific Cooperation (Europe, Balkan and Black Sea countries, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia, Africa, Latin America, Near, Middle and Far East).

Our people

Students: 63.843 registered undergraduate, 5618 postgraduate and 3571 PhD students, of which 3571 are foreign, are registered in the Faculties and Schools of A.U.Th.

Staff: 2.122 people (2068 with PhD) Teaching and Research staff, around 1300 people administrative & technical staff

International students

can be admitted to Higher Education Institutions in Greece under special provisions (http://www.minedu.gov.gr)

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Top 20 Universities for Politics & International Relations Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015

sectors, with various positions relating to international regulations, policy, negotiation and security. Rank Meanwhile those with an interest in international communications will be particularly well-placed to meet growing demand for graduates combining multilingualism and digital prowess, along with an understanding of crosscultural communication in the modern media landscape. IR graduates who have an interest in graphic design, online content or social media will find a wide range of employers seeking their skillset. More broadly, technological and scientific developments offer opportunities for IR graduates to contribute to developing policies and strategies designed to help nations keep pace with the rate of change, as well

“For research-focused and

highly specialized roles, a PhD may be required ” as identifying and resolving potential conflicts. Technological change also underlies many careers in the field of intelligence and security, where IR graduates will find new challenges for their analytical skills, with the opportunity to contribute to potentially planet-changing recommendations taken on board by governments, business leaders and the military. Finally, there’s demand from within the higher education sector itself, as universities increasingly prioritize internationalization in its various forms. Positions here could focus on specific goals such as international marketing, recruitment and student support, or on high-level strategy and vision. For the most-coveted roles – particularly those in well-known international organizations and non-profits – relevant work experience is often essential. This can be acquired through formal internships, as well as through participation in student organizations,

Name of Institution

Location

Harvard University

United States

Princeton University

United States

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

United Kingdom

Sciences Po Paris

France

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

Australian National University (ANU)

Australia

Stanford University

United States

Yale University

United States

10 =

Columbia University

United States

10 =

Johns Hopkins University

United States

Georgetown University

United States

New York University (NYU)

United States

National University of Singapore Singapore (NUS)

New York University (NYU)

United States

Cornell University

United States

University of Chicago

United States

University of Tokyo

Japan

19 =

Freie Universität Berlin

Germany

19 =

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

campaign groups and voluntary work. For research-focused and highly specialized roles, a PhD may be required, or a significant asset.

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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Subjects

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Accounting and Finance Planning to study a master’s degree in accounting or finance? Hasna Haidar guides you through the options.

hen it comes to numbers, a degree in accounting and finance really counts. These two subjects are ranked seventh and ninth respectively within the top 10 degrees held by the world’s millionaires, according to research jointly produced by business magazine Spear’s and data research company WealthInsight. What’s more, research by the US National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) determined that finance and accounting are among the top-paid business majors in the US, with average starting salaries of US$71,527 and US$62,374 respectively. Accounting and finance also join law as the three fields predicted to command the highest graduate salaries in the UK. All this is good news if high salary expectations are one of your main objectives as you look towards obtaining a graduate degree in accounting and finance.

a graduate-level degree in this field is equally fortuitous, considering the changing role of accounting and finance professionals in the business world. Specialists in these areas are now playing an increasingly integral role within organizational C-suites. In an exciting evolution of the role, today’s Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) are expected to use a variety of hard and soft skills, combining financial and commercial perspectives, to influence and advise business decisions beyond the company’s finances.

prepare qualified undergraduates for mid-level careers in their field, or to accelerate the careers of established professionals. Courses are usually offered as a Master of Science, with many institutions offering a broadreaching MSc in Accounting and Finance which draws upon related subjects such as management and international studies. You’ll also find many institutions offer accounting and finance as separate programs, in which case

Course types & requirements Postgraduate degrees in accounting and finance are typically designed to achieve one of two goals: to

If your motivation is more about career direction, your interest in pursuing

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the courses can vary significantly. If you’re choosing between a Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, or MAcy) and a Master of Finance (M.Fin or MiF), you’ll need to consider the key differences between the two subjects. Typically, accounting degrees have a comparatively narrower focus than finance degrees, with the former focusing on managing and processing financial reports and records, and the latter focusing on how to use this information to strategize and influence financial decisions. While the length and structure of your degree will depend on the institution you’ve chosen and where it’s based, master’s programs typically last one or two years and are taught through a combination of lectures, seminars, case studies and project work, culminating in an independent research project. Entry requirements for either subject usually specify a good undergraduate degree in a related field such as finance, accounting, economics, mathematics or business. Some universities may accept candidates from other backgrounds – particularly subjects providing a good analytical skillset such as engineering and sciences – though all candidates will need to prove they’re suitably numerate. As such, you may be required to take the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) or Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) test, and/or prove you’ve studied certain mathematicsbased courses or quantitative modules. Graduate accounting and finance programs may also accept candidates who have amassed significant professional work experience in a relevant field, with some institutions only accepting professionally qualified accountants or finance professionals for certain courses. In any case, if you’re an international student, you’ll probably need to pass a language proficiency test in the language of study. Many postgraduate accounting and finance courses are also designed so they integrate components of professionallevel examinations, such as those provided by the Chartered Institute

Aminath Thaufeega University of Northampton, UK MSc Accounting and Finance A Maldivian national, Aminath Thaufeega started her career in finance just after her O-levels, and continued studying while working full-time. Having quickly progressed at her workplace and realizing that “further studies was essential to reach the next level in my career”, Thaufeega pursued an undergraduate degree in accounting and finance, then an MSc in Accounting and Finance at the University of Northampton. When considering her biggest achievement during her postgraduate degree, Thaufeega thought back to her very first assignment: “I scored the highest in the class and my assignment was shared with other students as an example. This

of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK, the Chartered Financial Analyst program (CFA) in the US, and the Institute of Certified Practising Accountants (ICPA) in Australia. This allows candidates to take professional-

“Length and structure of

your degree will depend on the institution” level examinations during or after their course, or be awarded exemptions from certain modules within those examinations – making it easier for you to qualify for Chartered Accountant or Chartered Financial Analyst status by the end of your postgraduate degree.

was great motivation to keep producing work at the highest level possible, and with this momentum I graduated with distinction at the top of my class.” Thaufeega was also a class representative and worked in finance during the holidays. “It was challenging for me to maintain a work-life balance,” she admits. “I was taking care of my family and my two lovely little boys while undertaking studies and part-time work. But it’s an experience I look back on with heart-warming reflection.” Thaufeega now works as the financial controller for the RSA (Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce), one of the leading charities in the UK. In looking after the financial accounts of several groups of companies within the RSA, Thaufeega soon recognized “the importance of networking and creating meaningful partnerships with colleagues and stakeholders”. Noting that her degree was essential preparation for her role, Thaufeega is keen to encourage others to pursue higher education, at all stages of life: “We had a good mix of energetic young students and mature professionals in my course. There is no wrong time, and never too many hurdles in life to stop you learning.”

Specializations The specializations available to you may differ depending on whether you’ve chosen to study finance or accounting as separate degrees, or opted for a combined MSc in Accounting and Finance. Nonetheless, you’ll usually be able to integrate aspects of both subjects, while emphasizing an accounting, finance or business focus, as well as adding other topics of interest to create a highly personalized degree. You can also opt for an MSc Accounting and Finance program focused solely on one key specialization within finance or accounting. Within the wide range of available specializations, common topics include

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Subjects tax accounting, which can be further specialized towards particular regions, cultures or countries; management accounting, which involves creating and providing accounting information for stakeholders within an organization; financial management, which is concerned with managing the finances of an organization; and financial accounting, which combines numerical expertise with financial and accounting theory.

“Graduates are encouraged

to research the companies they would like to work for before enrolling” Popular within financial accounting is the field of sustainability accounting, a form of financial accounting that discloses non-financial information about an organization – mainly activities that have a direct impact on society, environment and the organization’s economic performance – to its stakeholders with a view to becoming more sustainable. Two more topics that have recently gained in popularity for both graduate students and employers include forensic accounting and international finance. An emerging area of specialization within accounting, forensic accounting is accounting tailored to be suitable for use in a court of law. This integrates accounting, auditing, taxation and information technology to create a multifaceted approach to detective work, particularly concerned with fraud and white-collar crime. With the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) emphasizing the increased need for educated professionals to become involved in the prevention, detection and prosecution of fraud, the field of forensic accounting has become both an essential consideration for responsible organizations, and a popular option for graduate students. The study of international accounting and finance takes into account different social, political and cultural considerations to reflect on the broader

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

implications of accounting practices and financial markets. You may choose to specialize further by choosing topics that focus on developing economies, in particular regions, for multinational firms, or on trading in the international financial market. With Islamic finance investments forecast to exceed US$3.4 trillion by 2018, another increasingly popular specialization is Islamic finance. One notable example is the MSc in Islamic Finance provided by Durham University, one of the oldest universities in the UK and the first to offer the specialization as a separate degree. Career prospects In order to maximize employability, graduates are encouraged to research the companies they would like to work for before enrolling in a university course. This can help you ensure you’ll meet the strict grade requirements often specified for graduate programs at the biggest accounting and finance firms. Interestingly, a recent study by recruitment company Marks Sattin found that more than 60% of trainee accountants no longer view working with the ‘Big Four’ accounting firms – Ernst & Young (EY), Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and KPMG – as an essential step for their career. Although this hasn’t meant a decrease in demand at the Big Four, graduates are now increasingly looking at mid-tier firms perceived to give a deeper exposure to all facets of accounting. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the US, accounting and finance graduate opportunities are forecast to grow by more than 13% by 2022, particularly in specialized sectors such as management, scientific and technical consulting services, computer systems, bookkeeping, investment and tax preparation.

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Subjects Top 20 Universities for Accounting & Finance Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015

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In light of the latter’s continued high demand, Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAc) students at Montana State University, US, have recently helped over 460 individuals in their local community complete their tax returns as part of the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program. This kind of initiative not only benefits the community; it also offers students the chance to develop the skills and expertise essential to being a tax accountant, including knowledge of common tax issues and the tax preparation process, numerical ease, interpersonal communication, confidence and accountability. A role that requires similar skills is accounting or financial consultancy, which involves working with complex financial information to provide clients with advice and solutions to financial issues. Accounting consultants can expect to earn an average of US$65,700 per year with a high of US$82,000 as you get more experienced. Further roles within accounting and finance include: Financial examiner: Responsible for the analysis of financial records in an

Rank

tracks in the US ” organization, the financial examiner ensures compliance with federal, state or local laws, and can earn an average annual salary of US$72,000 rising to US$90,000 for the more experienced. Financial analyst: Providing financial analysis and recommendations for companies and individuals, financial analysts can expect an annual salary averaging US$91,620, with salary highs of US$125,000. Certified public accountant (CPA): Completing further studies can allow progression to CPA status, where you can earn up to US$86,000 and become involved in managing and maintaining the financial and accounting practices of your organization.

Location

Harvard University

United States

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Stanford University

United States

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

United Kingdom

University of Chicago

United States

University of Pennsylvania

United States

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

London Business School

United Kingdom

New York University (NYU)

United States

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Australia

National University of Singapore Singapore (NUS)

University of Melbourne

Australia

Yale University

United States

Columbia University

United States

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)

Hong Kong

University of Manchester

United Kingdom

19 =

University of Sydney

Australia

19 =

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

United States

“Forensic accountants enjoy one of the most secure career

Name of Institution

Forensic accountant: Investigating a company’s finances after a fraud claim, forensic accountants enjoy one of the eight most secure career tracks in the US and can potentially earn over US$100,000.

View the full results at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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Subjects

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Some programs are on the science side, others are more humanities-based

Economics Whether the global economy is on the up or in decline, demand for economic experts is a constant. Vyara Pancheva explores graduate-level study options and careers.

rom changes in personal consumption to the shifting economic landscape of the globalized world, economics encompasses all levels of human life. Its common theme is the exchange of resources, examining the finance and asset-related activities of individuals, communities, governments, businesses and industries. This includes the study of labor, land, investments, money, income, production, taxes and government expenditure, and supports the creation and application of new tools and theories to make the evermore-complex economic picture at least partly predictable. For those who study economics to an advanced level, this is perhaps one of the strongest platforms from which to access a wide range of challenging and fulfilling careers – with the prospect of making a real impact on the futures of individuals, organizations and nations. You may choose to put your economic skillset to work within a think-tank or independent consultancy, or perhaps climb to policy and advisory roles in government, central banking,

private corporations or international organizations. Want to change, or at least understand, the human world? You’re on the right path. Course types & requirements At master’s level, economics may be offered as a Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Science (MSc), and as a research-based or taught course. Course titles may vary depending on national norms, or may reflect the focus of the program – with some erring much more on the science side of the subject, while others adopt a more humanitiesbased approach. It may be offered as a

“You are on the right path if you want to change, or at least understand, the human world” joint degree along with a related subject such as finance, management or business studies. A wide range of specialized courses is also available, including master’s degrees dedicated to policy economics, environmental economics, health economics or behavioral economics.

While some programs may require particularly advanced levels of mathematical ability, all graduatelevel economics programs will require strong aptitude in this respect. Some institutions will ask applicants to show they’ve completed specific modules in mathematics, statistics or econometrics, and those lacking the required background may be offered the option to complete a preparatory course. Some programs also require applicants to take a graduate-level entrance exam, such as the GMAT or the GRE. Specializations A broad and interdisciplinary subject, economics offers a wide variety in specializations and opportunities. The most common fields of study include: Advanced microeconomics This will draw upon your knowledge of classical and modern microeconomic theory and introduce the analytical tools of graduate-level microeconomics. You’ll cover topics such as supply and demand, the operation of markets, consumer and enterprise behavior,

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competition and monopoly, income distribution, discrimination and consumer demand. You’ll learn how to use mathematical techniques to explore relevant theorems, theories and approaches, learn about perfect and imperfect competition, and explore topics involving the consumer, the firm and the market. Advanced macroeconomics Here you’ll expand your familiarity of the tools and theories of macroeconomics; learn to carry out forecasting and how to analyze public policy; and develop an understanding of the relationship between key macroeconomic terms such as output, inflation, employment and interest rates. You’ll learn about a range of economic issues that affect society – such as national income, unemployment, economic growth, depression, prosperity and economic development – and gain an understanding of how the interaction and dynamics of economic agents generate outcomes in the short, medium and long term. You’ll study a range of macroeconomic models, explore traditional and modern theories of economic growth, and discuss economic policy alternatives. You’ll also explore current issues in macroeconomics, and alternative approaches. Financial economics This involves studying domestic and international financial markets; learning about the principles of financial decision-making in banking, investment management and corporate financial management; critically assessing the controversies surrounding financial policies; and exploring alternatives. You’ll learn how to critically assess issues such as bankruptcy, debt-equity holder conflicts, taxes, dividends and shares, costs and benefits of mergers and when to buy and sell options. You may also study international financial economics in more detail, looking at the world monetary system, foreign exchange markets and international capital markets. Or you may focus on banking, studying monetary policy,

Top 20 Universities for Economics & Econometrics Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2015 Rank

Name of Institution

Location

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

United States

Harvard University

United States

Stanford University

United States

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

United Kingdom

University of Chicago

United States

Princeton University

United States

University of California, Berkeley (UCB)

United States

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

Yale University

United States

Columbia University

United States

University of Pennsylvania

United States

New York University (NYU)

United States

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

United States

Northwestern University

United States

UCL (University College London) United Kingdom

Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi

Italy

University of California, San Diego (UCSD)

United States

University of Michigan

United States

Duke University

United States

capital formation, properties of various financial instruments and impacts on savings and investment. International economics In this field of study you’ll cover topics

and theories relating to international trade and finance, such as commercial trade policies and their effects, foreign exchange markets, exchange rate determination, open economies, sovereign debt and international

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monetary integration, organization and reform. You’ll address policy problems in the design of monetary policy, issues concerning the volatility of exchange rates, compare fixed vs flexible exchange rates and explore the empirical strengths and weakness of the inter-temporal approach to the balance of payments. You may also look at multinational corporations, theories of trade (classic, modern and alternative) and welfare implications of trade policies. Environmental economics A specialization in environmental economics explores the intersections between environmental and economic issues. Most courses will cover topics such as negative externalities, property rights, incentive design, emission taxes and tradable emission permits, as well as focusing on innovation incentives and regulations. Students will explore the problems caused by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions within and across nations, international environmental agreements, and the impacts of globalization on the environment. Industrial organization This involves the study of individual markets, the nature of competition, and the application of economic theory of the management of modern business.

This includes comprehensive economic analysis of the firm, its structure, its markets and competitors, as well as external economic environments. Courses in this specialization may also cover issues in anti-trust policy, the role of advertising, pricing policies, and how costs vary with the scale of operations. You might have the option to focus on a particular sector, such as software, sports or tourism. Advanced econometrics Drawing upon your foundation knowledge in theoretical and applied econometrics, you’ll combine economic theory, econometric techniques and statistical methods to develop a deeper understanding of the data. You’ll learn to use relevant software and standard econometrics packages, and to interpret their output. You’ll also be taught how to derive and understand standard econometric estimators (such as OLS, ML and GMM); how to develop, analyze and choose between univariate and multivariate models; and will be expected to read, understand and explain empirical articles relating to econometrics. By the end of your course, you may have conducted an independent piece of empirical research using advanced econometric techniques. Other popular specializations include development economics, game theory, business strategy, market analysis and monetary economics.

Career prospects A graduate-level degree in economics can open doors across a wide range of sectors, and in many types of organization. You may find positions in research agencies; consultancy firms; the economic advisory services of governments; banks and financial institutions; international agencies; universities; multilateral organizations and non-governmental organizations. Below are some of the most popular specialized career paths you could pursue. Economist Professional economists provide specialist financial advice based on the application of economic theory. In order to work as an economist, you need expert knowledge in several areas of economics, alongside aptitude in specialist software and advanced methods in statistical analysis. You’ll use your understanding of economic relationships to identify trends and produce economic forecasts. You will be involved in analyzing data, determining its implications and making recommendations to your client, who could be an individual, a government agency, a firm or a bank. Financial risk analyst A financial risk analyst identifies and analyzes potential risks, which are threatening assets. The title of the

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Subjects

Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016 www.TopUniversities.com

Professional economists provide specialist financial advice based on the application of economic theory position may vary, depending on the organization you work for, with similar roles including risk managers, risk technicians or risk surveyors. In all of those positions, you will be responsible of predicting change and future trends to help your company. You may work in sales, origination, trading, marketing, financial services or private banking, and may further specialize in fields such as credit, market, operational or regulatory risk analysis. Actuary Working in a similar sphere to risk analysts, actuaries are likewise involved in the evaluation of financial risks, and the provision of strategic, commercial or financial advice. Actuaries are most commonly

“A graduate-level degree in economics can open doors to a wide range of sectors” found working within pensions and insurance, but are also employed in fields such as investment, healthcare and banking. Key skills include the application of mathematical, economic and statistical awareness to real-world financial situations, and being able to explain findings to a range of audiences. Financial consultant A financial consultant provides

financial advice to clients, who may be individuals, families or businesses. Working as a consultant, you’ll use your financial knowledge to provide recommendations on financial products (such as stocks, bonds, pensions and mutual funds), basing advice on your client’s goals, financial assets and risk tolerance. You’ll need to be able to present financial and economic information in an easy-to-understand manner to your client who, in most cases, will have a much lower level of expertise. Statistician A statistician works on the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of quantitative information. Choosing this career path enables you to work in a wide range of sectors, including health, education, government, finance, forensics, transportation, market research and others. Statisticians design and manage surveys and polls; collect, process and analyze data in context; and look for meaningful trends. Based on their findings, they make recommendations, which could influence the policies and strategies followed by their organization or sector. Investment analyst Investment analysts undertake research to provide information and investment ideas to assist fund

managers, helping the latter make decisions related to the investment portfolios they manage. If you specialize in investment analysis, you may work for investment management companies, stockbrokers and investment banks. You will likely be involved in a broad range of activities, including providing insights on economic trends and evaluating investment potential. You need to have a good understanding of financial statements, company accounts and sector-specific data. Depending on the company you work for, you might also be required to have a good knowledge of current political affairs. Other roles in which economics graduates will find their skills valued include financial control, securities trading, pricing analysis, and accountancy. Alternatively, you could pursue a PhD and stay within a research-focused position, either within academia or in a governmental or independent think tank. Whichever pathway you choose, a postgraduate degree in economics is perhaps one of the strongest platforms from which to understand, and have an impact on, the modern world.

Discover the world’s top universities for economics at www.TopUniversities.com/Subject-Rankings

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Institution Profiles

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Contact Carol Partland Manager, Marketing & Recruitment 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario Canada, M3J 1P3

York University Schulich School of Business

Tel: +1 (416)-736-5060 Fax: +1 (416)-650-8174 Email: admissions@schulich.yorku.ca Web: www.schulich.yorku.ca

Profile

Data

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence Master of Accounting – CPA Ontario accredited Master of Finance - CFA Institute program partner Master of Business Analytics - 100% placement rate and SAS-certification

chulich programs are a passport to the world. Consistently ranked number 1 among Canadian business schools, our programs can equip you with the necessary skill set to differentiate yourself and open doors to endless career possibilities. The Master of Business Analytics is a unique 1-year program that combines detailed analytics coursework with strategic leadership courses. Students will be instructed on popular analytical software (SAS, R, SQL and SPSS) with an emphasis on innovative thinking and business acumen. The curriculum also includes a practical internship experience that teaches students how to harness this powerful resource and utilize it in a business setting. Graduates of this program are skilled professionals who can not only analyze, but translate big data into actionable, effective business solutions. With 3 streams of choice (Marketing, Supply Chain Management and General), our graduates have pursued a wide variety of positions in consulting, banking, research, marketing and sales. The Master of Finance is a 12-month program geared for individuals looking to commit to a specialized career in finance. This is a unique program that emphasizes the broader aspects of business (governance, ethics, legal and regulatory frameworks) while offering students the option of specializing in Capital Markets or Financial Risk Management. The program also provides students a chance to connect with key industry experts and faculty through the professional and research seminars. In these series, students will be exposed to current and real world issues that are impacting the financial field. As a CFA Institute program partner, the Master of Finance also covers almost 90% of the content seen on all 3 levels of the CFA. The partnership provides access to the CFA Institute curriculum, journals, webcast and educational resources that can help students prepare for the exams. Graduates of this program have gone on to

pursue progressive roles in asset management, investment banking, private equity, consulting and risk. The Master of Accounting is a 1-year full-time program designed for individuals interested in pursuing the CPA designation. Upon successful completion of the program, graduates are eligible to challenge the Common Final Examination. Students within this program will benefit from learning in an interactive environment and obtain instruction from faculty who were involved in the development of the Capstone Case. Graduates of this program have been employed in a wide variety of positions including auditing, financial reporting, tax planning and capital budgeting. The International MBA is a 20-month full-time program that immerses students in management coursework within a global context. All IMBA students will have an opportunity to complete the International Field Study, an 8-month strategic consulting group project. This capstone project will allow students to hone their leadership skills and apply previously learned business disciplines to real clients, real problems and real solutions. The program also includes a unique 4-month work term abroad, where students can develop cross-cultural skills and professional working proficiency in a secondary language. The IMBA opens up career opportunities in all sectors and industries including management roles in marketing, consulting and finance. If you seek a highly rewarding and stimulating program in a learning environment that is truly international then you will want to consider Canada’s Global Business School - the Schulich School of Business.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation #1 in the world in teaching responsible business (Corporate Knights) . #1 MBA in Canada (The Economist, Forbes, CNN Expansion) 27000 alumni working in 90+ countries Percentage of international postgraduate students 50% Range of tuition fees Tuition fees are dependent upon program of study and may range from $51,779.61 $88,475.20. Language entry requirements One of the following as evidence of English proficiency: IELTS, PTE Academic, TOEFL or YELT. Language tuition facilities York University English Language Institute (YUELI) - https://yueli.yorku.ca/ Accommodation facilities Graduate Student Housing - http:// studenthousing.info.yorku.ca/yorkapts/ Price range of accommodation $800 - $1,500 (dependent on layout and size) Bachelor, 1-bedroom, 2-bedroom, 3-bedroom options available. Modesofstudy Full-time, Part-time, Joint degrees Levels of study Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Diplomas Main subject areas Analytics, Finance, Consulting, Marketing, Arts & Media, Health, Mining, Retail Management

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Institution Profiles

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Contact Nathalie Seux Programme Coordinator EMLYON Business School 23 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 ECULLY France Tel: +33 (0)4 78 33 70 27 Email: seux@em-lyon.com Web: graduate.em-lyon.com/

Profile

MLYON Business School, created in 1872, stands out among the few business schools worldwide awarded three international accreditations (AACSB, EQUIS, AMBA). Choosing to study at EMLYON Business School is choosing to study in a resolutely international environment, fully connected to today’s business world.

Looking for a focus on a Specialisation • MSc in Sports Industry Management - Matching Your Talent With The Industry’s Specific Needs A 16-month master programme specialised in the sports industry and taking place in both France and China.

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Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence #14 Business School in Europe Top 75 Business Schools in Europe, Financial Times # 4 MBA in France Top 100 MBA programmes worldwide, The Economist

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Join in the programme that suits your career goals at best! Looking for a focus on General Management • MSc in Management A 2-to-3 year graduate programme taught in English and/or French, offering students the possibility to tailor the programme to their needs. www.em-lyon.com/master - master@em-lyon.com

• European Master in Management – A double advantage to start your career in global management A 2-year double degree run jointly by LMU Munich and EMLYON Business School allowing students to specialise either in Corporate Finance or Organisation, Change & Strategy. www.european-master.com - emm@em-lyon.com

Looking for a focus on Entrepreneurship • Global Entrepreneurship Program – 3 Continents | 3 Business Schools | 1 Focus A 1-year double degree program between EMLYON Business School and Purdue University’s Krannert School of Management specialised in entrepreneurship and jointly run by EMLYON Business School (Europe), Zhejiang University (Asia) and Purdue University (USA). www.msc-entrepreneurship.com - gep@em-lyon.com

• International MBA – The right MBA for entrepreneurial leaders A 12-month, full-time MBA programme focused on entrepreneurship and which offers the career support and the academic knowledge high-potential managers need to reach their career goals. www.em-lyon.com/imba - imba@em-lyon.com

• MSc in Luxury Management & Marketing – Become the expert companies want to recruit A 16-month master programme specialised in luxury management and marketing during which students experience the specifics of the luxury industry in Lyon, London and Shanghai. www.em-lyon.com/luxury – luxury@em-lyon.com

• MSc in International Hospitality Management Join the Next Generation of Global Hospitality Leaders A 16-month master programme, delivered by EMLYON Business School and Institut Paul Bocuse during which the students focus on the specifics of the global hospitality industry in both France and China.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation EMLYON Business School stands out among the few business schools worldwide awarded three international accreditations AMBA, AACSB and EQUIS. Total no of students - 3,300 Percentage of international (post)graduate students 40% representing 80 nationalities Range of tuition fees From 15,500€ to 38,000 € (For 2015/2016 academic year - may be subject to change)

www.msc-hospitality.com – hospitality@em-lyon.com

• Specialised Master in Quantitative Finance Become a specialist in finance 1-year Specialised Master in quantitative finance, taught fully in English. www.em-lyon.com/quantitative-finance msinfo@em-lyon.com

Your Career at the Heart of the Programme The Careers Services Department supports you in numerous ways to help you define your career. A full range of opportunities throughout the year includes events to meet companies on campus, round tables, workshops etc.. Facts & Figures • 3,300 students, 40% non-French students, representing 80 nationalities • 113 permanent faculty members • 130 foreign partners • International network of more than 550 experts and visiting faculty • Campuses in Lyon, St Etienne, Shanghai • A network of 26,000 alumni in 107 countries • Programmes taught fully in English

Language entry requirements TOEIC or TOEFL or IELTS or Cambridge CPE or PTE Language tuition facilities Free access to the language centre French classes available Accommodation facilities Both on-campus residential halls and offcampus housing options are available. Check website for more info. Levels of study Masters and Specialised Masters Main subject areas Business & Management Strong focus on Entrepreneurship

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Contact HEC Paris -MSc Admissions Office 1, Rue de la Libération, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France

HEC Paris School of Management

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Profile

EC Paris School of Management is a leading business school in Europe, world renowned for the quality of its degrees, faculty and research. Throughout its 130 years of history, HEC Paris has been attracting highly talented individuals and has been continuously helping them transform their exceptional potential into exceptional success. Today, 4000 world-class students from all backgrounds live and learn together on the HEC campus, where they benefit from its unparalleled diversity, with more than 95 nationalities on site. A perfect balance between theory and practice HEC academic approach aims at helping students develop both a strategic mindset and the practical skills to implement solutions and innovations. Students benefit both from the HEC world-class Faculty (136 research Professors of 29 nationalities) and a more hands-on approach delivered by inspiring professionals from all sectors (Consulting, Finance, Marketing, Entrepreneurship, etc.). Close ties with the Business world - HEC Paris students receive full support from the Corporate Relations Department which offers its extensive expertise to both recruiters and students: > 250 companies recruit on campus every year, 22,000 internship/job offer/year, 17 professional Chairs and Centers, 45 corporate members of the HEC Foundation. A global Community - 50,000 alumni of >100 nationalities, 113 countries ,75 international chapters. The Master in Management – Grande Ecole Program (MiM) A perfect combination of academic and practical knowledge in management for an international career. All in English (or both in French and in English) Designed for students holding a Bachelor Degree in any field with little or no professional experience. Year 1: Generalist phase (Core Management Courses), Year 2: Specialization phase (International Finance, Strategic Management, Marketing, Economics, Sustainability, International Business …) and Certificate. Exchange opportunities with CEMS Dual Degree

Tel: +33 (0)1 3967 9695/7352/9540/7088 Fax: +33 (0)1 39677304 Email: hecprograms@hec.fr Web: www.hec.edu/Masters-programs

(28 partners worldwide) and prestigious partner universities such as UCLA, Babson, Cornell, Duke, PUC, AIM, Fudan, Tsinghua, IIM, Tokyo University. Double Degrees: MIT, Georgetown, Keio, Tsinghua, MGIMO, FU Berlin, NUS, TUM, ESADE, St Gallen, BOCCONI, GSOM, IIM, Tsinghua, …

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence Top- rankings: #1 B-School-Europe, Alma Mater Index, THE- 2013 #2 B-School-Europe, FT-2014 #1 Master in Finance-worldwide , FT-2015 #2 MIM-worldwide, FT-2014 #4 MBA-worldwide, The Economist 2015 Institution’s main international achievements in innovation Co-founder of ParisTech, University Paris Saclay. CEMS (Community of European Management Schools). AMBA, AACSB, and EQUIS

5 One-Year MSc - All in English, designed for students at postgraduate level who want to acquire high-level expertise and professional know-how in their chosen specialization: International Finance, Managerial & Financial Economics, Marketing, Sustainability and Social Innovation and Strategic Management.

Total number of students 4,500

4 One-Year MS - taught in French, also designed for students at postgraduate level willing to acquire expertise in a specific field of management: “Droit et Management International”, “Management de Grands Projets”, “Entrepreneurs”, “Médias Art et Création”.

Range of tuition fees €18,500 - €36,000 Merit-based scholarships, Corporate partner scholarships, Government Scholarships (Embassy, Eiffel, etc)

The HEC Certificates- They are a set of short interdisciplinary professionalizing programs sponsored by companies: Energy & Finance (Deloitte, SG), Social Business (Danone, Schneider Electric), Luxury (Kering), Digital Innovation for Business (Free, Priceminister, Pixmania, Meetic…), Mergers & Acquisitions, Innovation Management in Aviation & Aerospace (Safran) and Leadership (Pernod Ricard). The HEC Summer school - For university-level students or recent graduates (from any discipline) seeking an academic challenge and multi-cultural learning experience: International Finance, Business & Geopolitics, Inclusive & Social Business, Fashion, Sports & Entertainment Management, Luxury Management.

Percentage of postgraduate students 100% Percentage of international (post)graduate students 60%, 95 nationalities

Language entry requirements TOELF/IELTS/CAE for MSc Programs French language not required Language tuition facilities Free French language courses in all Programs. Accommodation facilities Accommodation on a 340 acre campus close to Paris, 130 student clubs, excellent sports facilities Price range of accommodation €450-650/month Modes of study Full-time Main subject areas Management and Business

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Contact City University of Hong Kong Chow Yei Ching School of Graduate Studies Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

City University Of HongKong

Tel: +852 3442 9076 Fax: +852 3442 0332 Email: sg@cityu.edu.hk Web: www.sgs.cityu.edu.hk

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CityU offers professional education that prepares students for the challenges and exciting opportunities opening up in Hong Kong, the Asia-Pacific region and throughout the world in business, science and engineering, energy and environment, law, creative media, liberal arts and social sciences.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation A biotechnology company founded by two alumni applying technology developed at CityU was awarded the Grand Prix at the 43rd Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence 108th in QS World University Rankings 2014/15; 9th in QS University Rankings: Asia 2015; 5th in QS Top 50 Under 50

ity University of Hong Kong (CityU), one of the eight government-funded institutions in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, is a leading global university excelling in research and professional education.

Our faculty is recruited from around the world, and all faculty members are experts in their respective professions. Employing interactive, ITbased teaching methodologies, students acquire a first-rate grounding in their chosen subjects and life-long learning skills needed for the real world. CityU offers state-of-the-art learning, teaching and research facilities in a high-technology environment to create an ambiance that encourages intellectual curiosity, social interaction, self-expression and mutual support. At CityU, students are encouraged to become original thinkers and to discover for themselves solutions to the myriad problems we face today. Creativity, intellectual curiosity and the sheer excitement of discovery are emphasised among the students. CityU has achieved phenomenal growth since its establishment in 1984. The current student population is over 20,000, of which more than 6,500 are postgraduates. The University offers more than 130 programmes at the associate degree, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. For more information about the University and its academic and supporting units, please visit our website at http://www.cityu.edu.hk.

Chow Yei Ching School of Graduate Studies Postgraduate education facilitates the advancement of knowledge and provides high-level academic education and professional training to cater for society’s needs. To provide a better focus for the further development of its postgraduate programmes, the University established the School of Graduate Studies in 1994. The School offers a wide spectrum of high quality programmes and student activities. Both taught and research programmes are favourably received by students and have earned high acclaim from the community. MPhil and PhD programmes are offered in all Colleges and Schools* covering a wide range of strategic areas to reflect the University’s strengths and to suit individuals’ research interests. The School offers studentships, scholarships, conference grants and other financial assistance so that students can engage in more academic exchange activities which are beneficial and related to their research studies. Through collaboration with scholars in different regions, students can bring their research skills to new levels. The School received a generous donation from Dr Chow Yei Ching and was named the Chow Yei Ching School of Graduate Studies in 2006. For more information about the School, please visit our website at http://www.cityu.edu.hk/sgs/.

Total number of students 20,283 Percentage of graduate students 32% Percentage of international (post)graduate students 73% Range of tuition fees USD2,698-USD10,794 per year Language entry requirements TOELF 550 (PBT) / 213 (CBT) / 79 (IBT) OR IELTS 6.5 Language tuition facilities Not applicable as English is the medium of instruction Accommodation facilities Please refer to www.cityu.edu.hk/sro Price range of accommodation US$224-US$436 per month Modesofstudy Full-time, Locally taught, Joint degrees Levels of study Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Certificates Advanced Professional Qualifications Main subject areas Please visit www.cityu.edu.hk/sgs

* College of Business, College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, School of Creative Media, School of Law, School of Energy & Environment and School of Veterinary Medicine

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Institution Profiles

Contact International Projects Service

Marketing & International Promotion Office Piazza Leonardi Da Vinici 32, Milan 20133, Italy

Politecnico di Milano

Tel: +39 02 2399 9802 Email: www.polimi.it/contact-us Web: www.polinternational.polimi.it

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Innovating since 1863 Politecnico di Milano is one of the most outstanding technical Universities in Europe. Established 1863, it is the largest school of Architecture, Design and Engineering in Italy, with two main campuses located in Milan, the heart of fashion and design industries and five more premises in Northern Italy. Many important scientists and architects studied and taught here, among them Achille Castiglioni, Gio Ponti, Renzo Piano and Aldo Rossi, both Pritzker Price in 1990 and 1998 respectively, and Giulio Natta, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963. In 2014 QS World University Rankings – Engineering & Technology ranked Politecnico di Milano as follows: • World: 31st • Europe: 8th • Italy: 1st Politecnico di Milano offers innovative programmes at Bachelor, Master and Doctoral level. Thanks to a strong internationalization policy, most of the “Laurea Magistrale” programmes (equivalent to a MSc Degree) are taught in English and attract an ever increasing number of talented international students, who now form a diverse community, coming from more than 100 different countries. The overall number of international students is about 6,000 out of 38,000 currently enrolled students. The drive for internationalization has led Politecnico di Milano to take part in the European and global network of the major technical universities with 205 exchange programmes and 90 double degrees, while the participation of foreign students is ever increasing. For those aiming at continuing their academic career after their Master’s studies, the Doctoral programmes of Politecnico di Milano, completely taught in English, aim at developing the professional competence to carry out high level research in manufacturing and service companies, public bodies and universities. For those aiming at a professional career, Politecnico di Milano Career Service offers support and organizes

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence Research-led education with high reputation for the quality of teaching. Ranked among the best technical universities in Europe by QS World University Ranking.

events for students and graduates: • Companies on Campus: 10 employers per week on Campus • Job opportunities: around 10,000 work opportunities for graduates (2014) • Jobs Abroad: More than 1,000 internships and job opportunities abroad published on the website (2014) • Internships: 2,200 employers available for internships • Events on campus: career fairs, international job fairs, workshops, job interviews and presentations attracting more than 200 companies a year; • An Alumni network which allows students to connect with alumni across the globe for career advice, feedback and networking. In fact, the Politecnico di Milano won the WhartonQS Stars Awards 2014: Reimagine Education of the Nurturing Employability category, for having developed the best education system enhancing the employability of its graduate students in Engineering. A varied cultural programme characterizes life on campus, from concerts, to actor performances, to exhibitions. International students are particularly entitled to discounts in theatres and museums and special initiatives are organized for them. Milan is always open to cultural and economic innovation coming from abroad as demonstrated by the many tradeshows and events that animate the city all year long, like the International Furniture Show and the Fashion Week. Over the past few years, Milan has been transforming and renewing its profile in depth, enchanting with an atmosphere of vibrant activities and of lively cultural offer. It is a perfect location to start from for visiting Italy: cities like Venice, Verona and Florence are easy to reach.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation 280 projects financed by EU (FP7); 28 Spin-offs since 2000 (27 still active) - consolidated turnover 2013: 13.5 millions Euro; 463 inventions; 1109 patents. Total number of students 38,000 Range of tuition fees MSc Annual Fees: for Non EU students: €3300 for EU students: from about €800 up to €3300. PhD Annual fees: € 1500.Scholarships available. Language entry requirements TOEFL/IELTS/TOEIC/CAMBRIDGE/TRINITY Accommodation facilities Student Residences and Privately Rented Housing are available. Price range of accommodation 250€/500€ per month Modes of study Full-time, Joint degrees Levels of study Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Diplomas, Research Studentships Main subject areas Architecture, Built Environment, Business/ Management, Chemical Engineering, Civil/ Structural Engineering, Communications/Media, Computing/Information Technology, Design, Environmental Studies, General Engineering/ Other Engineering, Logistics/Supply Chain Management, Manufacturing/Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

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Contact Graduate Services Guidance and Recruitment Office Piazza Sraffa 11, Milan 20136, Italy Tel: +39 02 5836 3091 Fax: +39 02 5836 5822 Email: graduate.services@unibocconi.it Web: www.unibocconi.eu/graduate

Università Bocconi Profile

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niversità Bocconi is one of Europe’s leading economics and business universities. Its modern urban campus is located in the centre of Milan, the country’s commercial, financial and fashion capital, and also its most cosmopolitan city. Always a standout among Italian schools for its international outlook, Bocconi offers a range of undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate programs taught in English by an international faculty. Bocconi aims to provide selected students - from Italy, Europe and the rest of the world - with a truly international education that leads to professional growth and superior access to the job market. Bocconi has a strong commitment to providing merit and financial-need based scholarships for talented international students admitted to its academic programs. Bocconi’s offer features flexibility, paving the way either for further studies (towards a PhD or in research) or for a high-level entry into employment, with a range of two-year MSc programs. Ten of these are entirely taught in English: International Management, Management, Marketing Management, Accounting, Financial Management and Control .Finance, Economics and Management in Arts, Culture, Media and Entertainment, Government and International Organizations, Economic and Social Sciences, Economics and Management of Innovation and Technology , Double Master in European Public Policy and Politics (Bocconi-LSE). In addition, Bocconi offers several PhD programs in English. Its attached business school SDA Bocconi offers top-ranked MBA and post-experience masters as well as executive programs. Classes at Bocconi present up-to-date quality content and interactive methods, supported by excellent IT and library facilities. Lessons with highlyqualified faculty and distinguished visiting professors are peppered with seminars and workshops involving members of the Italian and international business community, who inject a strong dose of practical economic reality into the course curriculum. Bocconi’s well-organized program of internship and exchange opportunities give students a chance to get hands-on experience in the country of their choice, as part of their studies.

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence FT Masters in Finance Pre-experience 2015: 9th worldwide for MSc Finance. Masters in Management 2014: 5th worldwide for CEMS-MIM, 12th worldwide for MSc International Management. Total number of students 14,000 Percentage of graduate students 30% Percentage of international (post)graduate students 30% Range of tuition fees Approx. €12,000 per year (2-year MSc programs)

Bocconi is a member of two important international networks, the Partnership in International Management (PIM) and the Global Alliance in Management Education (CEMS). In addition to exchange agreements with many members of these organizations, Bocconi has bilateral accords for exchanges with over 230 leading universities. With the support of our International Relations service, about 4,500 students participate in incoming or outgoing exchanges with Bocconi every year, further enriching their university experience through periods of study or internships. Bocconi also offers Double Degree programs. Graduate students have the possibility to spend the first year at Bocconi, acquiring core knowledge and skills, and to specialize in their field of interest while attending the second year at one of the foreign host institutions, selected among the most prestigious Universities in Europe and overseas. Bocconi supports its graduating students in their approach to the job market with a strong Career Services program. The University maintains an enormous network of connections with companies of all types and sizes in Italy and abroad, because it understands that when a graduate gets a good job, Bocconi has done a good job, as testified by over 90,000 Bocconi alumni employed around the world.

Language entry requirements Min. B2 CEFR: TOEFL IBT min. 100, IELTS min. 6 Language tuition facilities The Language Center develops and coordinates foreign language courses: www.unibocconi.eu/languagecenter Accommodation facilities A total of 1,600 single rooms in 6 university residences (approx. 500 at reduced rate). Price range of accommodation From €3,000 min. to 8,500 max. per year (see www.unibocconi.eu/accommodation). Modesofstudy Full-time, Joint degrees Levels of study Masters, Doctorate Main subject areas Business/Management, Economics, Finance/ Accounting, Marketing, Public Policy

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Institution Profiles

Contact Admissions

Admissions Department María de Molina, 11 Madrid 28006, Spain

IE Business School

Tel: +34 91 568 96 00 Email: admissions@ie.edu Web: www.ie.edu

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Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence Ranked #3 business school in Europe for 3 consecutive years and #1 online MBA programs in the world according to the Financial Times. Institution’s main international achievements in innovation IE has been acclaimed worldwide for its blended programs, establishing itself as a pioneer in innovative learning, ranking #1 for online MBAs by The Financial Times. Percentage of international (post)graduate students over 90% Range of tuition fees 43.200€ - 105.000€

“IE was founded in 1973 by a group of entrepreneurs, and has quickly earned itself a reputation for innovation and quality. IE’s unique approach to further education, powered by its focus on the entrepreneurial spirit, and coupled with its dedication to the corporate world at large have turned IE into an international center of learning. Our 500-strong, international faculty teaches a student body composed of more than 90 nationalities and our 50,000+ alumni holding

management positions in over 100 countries worldwide make the IE experience a truly international one. We champion high-quality research coupled with multidisciplinary, integrative education programs. Designed to address market demands, our innovative learning processes comprise a blend of online and onsite formats, making IE a pioneer in international education.”

Language entry requirements TOEFL computer-based Modes of study Full-time, Part-time, Distance Learning, Locally Taught, Joint Degrees Levels of study Masters, Doctorate Main subject areas Business/Management, Communications/ Media, Finance/Accounting, International Relations/Studies/Affairs, Law/Legal Studies, Marketing

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Contact Dr Radka Newton International Development and PG Recruitment LUMS International Office Lancaster University Management School B104, Lancaster, LA1 4YX

Lancaster University Management School

Tel: +44 (0)1524 510726 Email: r.newton@lancaster.ac.uk Web: www.lancaster.ac.uk/lums/

Profile

ancaster University Management School is in the top 1% of business schools worldwide to have triple-accreditation. Our global vision is embedded in everything we do and we pride ourselves on our international reputation as a leading global business school. It is the only UK business school to be so highly ranked across all major activities - MBA and Masters, Undergraduate, PhD, Research and Executive Education. The Lancaster MBA was ranked 1st in the world for Corporate Strategy. The MBA was ranked 50th in the world, our 12th consecutive year to be globally ranked. International Focus We recruit students from all over the globe. We conduct world-class research and teach business and management from an international perspective. And we develop strategic partnerships with organisations across the world. We have a vibrant multicultural campus in Lancaster with students and staff from more than 150 countries. In addition to our Lancaster campus, we offer a range of Lancaster degrees at our overseas campuses in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Ghana and Jordan. All LUMS students have the opportunity to engage in a range of exciting global study abroad and work placement options. Business Engagement We are actively engaged with a global network of business schools to enhance opportunities for research, joint teaching and global career development though our international partnerships. Our academic quality is informed by excellent international research, empowering our graduates to excel in a challenging global business environment. Annually over 600 students were involved in consultancy-style projects with real companies as part of their coursework. 95% of LUMS graduates have gone into work or further study within six months of graduating.

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Main claims to international academic or nonacademic excellence Lancaster University Management School is typically ranked in the UK’s top ten and among the world’s top 100 business schools.

Research Lancaster University Management School is a collegial, multidisciplinary and innovative management research institution. Lancaster University Management School was ranked 1st in the UK for ‘research power’, and was highly ranked on all other measures in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), making LUMS the most research-intensive business school in the UK. We aspire to be world-leading in all our research activities by developing, recruiting and retaining world-leading researchers. We embed research into every aspect of our activities and through this, achieve significant impact for all our stakeholders. Our research areas include: Accounting, finance, governance and banking, Economics, Operational research and operations management, People, work and organisation, Entrepreneurship and innovation, Networks, knowledge and strategy, Technology, systems and organisation, Management and society. Employability and Careers From the moment you arrive, we will work with you to help you take a strategic approach to your career. Our LUMS alumni are realising their career ambitions with top employers across the world, and many return to campus to share their success stories with current students. Our award-winning Careers, Alumni and Employer Relations team ensures that you accelerate your career transition beyond your Masters. The challenges of today’s business world are evident to all, but so are the opportunities. Your dedicated Postgraduate Careers Adviser provides you with personalised advice, guidance and coaching sessions to help you take advantage of the career openings that come your way.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation We have a vibrant multicultural campus in Lancaster with students and staff from more than 150 countries. In addition to our Lancaster campus, we offer a range of Lancaster degrees at our overseas campuses in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Ghana and Jordan. Total number of students 4,000 Percentage of graduate students 25% Percentage of international (post)graduate students 80% Range of tuition fees £10,000 to £27,000 Language entry requirements IELTS 7.0, with at least 6.0 in each element Accommodation facilities All postgraduate students are a member of the College community whether they live on or off campus. We also have a number of flats suitable for families or couples. Price range of accommodation £100 - £160 per week Modes of study Full-time, Part-time Levels of study Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Diplomas, Research Studentships Main subject areas Business/Management, Computing/Information Technology, Economics, Finance/Accounting, Manufacturing/Production Engineering, Marketing

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Contact UCL International Office

Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK

University College London (UCL)

Tel: +44 (0) 20 3108 8520 Fax: +44 (0) 20 3108 8519 Email: international@ucl.ac.uk Web: www.ucl.ac.uk

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Main claims to international academic or nonacademic excellence Ranked 5th worldwide (QS World University Rankings 2014). Outstanding results in the Research Excellence Framework 2014. Institution’s main international achievements in innovation 29 of UCL’s staff and former students have been awarded the Nobel Prize.

onsistently recognised as one of the world’s leading universities and ranked fifth in the world in the 2014 QS World University Ranking, UCL is London’s top multidisciplinary research university with an international reputation for the quality of its research and teaching. UCL’s excellence extends across all academic disciplines with subjects spanning the sciences, engineering, arts and humanities, social sciences, education and biomedicine. UCL is the top-rated university in the UK for research strength, according to the Research Excellence Framework of 2014, with outstanding results achieved across all eleven faculties. The programmes we offer reflect the very latest research and are often taught by academic staff members who are world-leaders in their fields. UCL has one of the best staff-student ratios in the UK, with a strong emphasis on small group teaching. A cosmopolitan environment As well as being dynamic and intellectually challenging, UCL also provides a cosmopolitan environment in which to study. Almost 40% of our students are from outside the UK representing around 150 different countries. UCL also attracts academic staff from around the globe and international staff and students are welcomed for the different perspectives and diversity they bring to teaching and learning at UCL. The university’s location on a compact site in the heart of London offers outstanding academic, professional and social benefits. UCL is surrounded by the greatest concentration of libraries, museums, archives and professional bodies in Europe. London

Total number of students 36, 000 also has a wealth of opportunities for social and leisure activities.

Percentage of graduate students 52%

Cutting-edge opportunities Focused on the translation of research into solutions for the world’s major problems, UCL works across the disciplines and with partners from all over the world. We strive to ensure that our students can achieve their full potential at UCL and are equipped not just with academic knowledge but with other highly valued skills which are sought by some of the world’s most prestigious employers. The UCL Careers Service offers a full range of specialist support for graduate students including graduate employer forums and networking events, a PhD specific fair and employability skills development workshops, as well as individual career advice. UCL offers a stimulating and richly rewarding experience for graduate students who want to study in one of the world’s leading centres of research and teaching.

Percentage of international (post)graduate students over 42%

The Graduate Environment Around 19,000 of our students are studying at graduate level, which is the largest population of graduate students at any UK university. UCL offers an extremely diverse range of graduate qualifications, from taught Master’s and shorter programmes to MPhils, PhDs and specialist doctorates. UCL offers a number of Research and Master’s scholarships to outstanding students. Details of the full range of UCL scholarships available for students can be found on our website at www.ucl.ac.uk/scholarships.

www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students-accommodation).

Range of tuition fees £3,600 - £35,300 Language entry requirements IELTS 6.5-7.5 . Depending on subject Language tuition facilities: The UCL Centre for Languages & International Education (CLIE). www.ucl.ac.uk/clie Accommodation facilities: Guaranteed for first-year overseas graduate students who firmly accept their offer and meet published deadlines Price range of accommodation From £139 - £280 per week (please see

Modes of study -Full-time, Part-time Levels of study - Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Certificates, Graduate Diplomas Main subject areas - Arts & Humanities, Brain Sciences, Built Environment, Education, Engineering Sciences, Laws, Life Sciences, Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Social & Historical Sciences

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Contact Student Recruitment Office LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom

The London School of Economics and Political Science

Tel: +44 (0)20 755 6613 Email: stu.rec@lse.ac.uk Web: www.lse.ac.uk/study

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Main claims to international academic or nonacademic excellence LSE is the world’s leading dedicated social science institution

he London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) offers you the opportunity to study the social sciences in an institution with a worldwide academic reputation, while enjoying the cultural, social and recreational facilities of one of the world’s greatest capital cities. The School is a place of genuine intellectual excitement and cutting-edge research. In the 2014 national Research Excellence Framework (REF) LSE had the highest percentage of world-leading research of any university in the United Kingdom. All LSE’s teaching and research is undertaken from a social science perspective, giving the institution a unique approach to otherwise common fields. LSE academics are at the forefront of developments in the social sciences and their expertise is called upon by governments, businesses and media around the globe. LSE offers over 140 different taught postgraduate programmes across 30 departments and institutes. The School’s academic profile spans a wide range of disciplines, from accounting to law, management to urbanisation. Postgraduate research degrees (MPhil/MRes/PhD) are offered by all of LSE’s departments and institutes. Life at LSE The character of LSE is inseparable from its location. Situated in central London, the School is located in one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world. Only a short distance from Europe’s financial, legal and cultural centres, LSE stands at the crossroads of international debate. This is fundamental to our identity as an outward-looking institution with an active involvement in UK and world affairs. As a result, it is a stimulating and cosmopolitan place to be. The student community at LSE is one of the most internationally diverse in the world, with students from over 140 countries registered each year. This mix encourages a truly international approach to intellectual discovery and academic life at LSE which cannot be matched elsewhere. The School has one of the most prestigious public events programmes in the world. Leading figures from all walks of life have spoken at LSE, including

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation In the 2014 national Research Excellence Framework (REF) LSE had the highest percentage of world-leading research of any university in the United Kingdom Total number of students 10, 000 Percentage of graduate students 60% Percentage of international (post)graduate students 80% Range of tuition fees £9,936 - £31,608 depending on programme. Aung San Suu Kyi, Bill Clinton, Nancy Pelosi, Amartya Sen, Christine Lagarde, Bill Gates, Helen Clark, David Cameron and George Soros. Scholarships and Financial Support LSE offers generous financial support and £10.5 million of need- and merit-based financial aid is available to its graduate students each year. Awards range from a contribution to tuition fees to full coverage of all expenses and are usually awarded to students from a certain country or region, or to students on a specific degree programme. Your future A degree from LSE is widely recognised throughout the world. The School has produced over 35 world leaders and heads of state, 16 Nobel Prize Winners, and a host of alumni who are well known nationally and internationally. LSE is heavily targeted by employers and our graduates are in great demand. The School was also named University of the Year for Graduate Employment in The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2015.

Language entry requirements IELTS. Scores vary by programme Language tuition facilities Support and courses for English and other modern languages Accommodation facilities LSE and Intercollegiate Halls with self-catering, or catered, twin, single, and double room options Price range of accommodation £91.70 - £375.20 per week for Halls of Residence Modes of study Full-time, Part-time, Double Degrees, Joint Degrees Levels of study Taught and Research Masters, Doctorate, Graduate Diplomas Main subject areas Social Sciences

Join the global debate at LSE.

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Top Grad School Guide 2015/2016

Institution Profiles

Contact Sophie De La Hunt Global Head of Enrollment, Masters programs 37-38 John Street, London WC1N 2AT UK

Hult International Business School

Tel: +44 207 341 8555 Email: info.europe@hult.edu Web: http://www.hult.edu/masters

Profile

Data

Main claims to international academic or non-academic excellence

Hult has campuses in Boston, San Francisco, London, Dubai, Shanghai, New York, and Ashridge (U.K.). Students can study in three locations in one year, gaining unparalleled international exposure.

Institution’s main international achievements in innovation

Campuses with real personality and the opportunity to rotate Where you study is almost as important as what you study. All of our campuses are modern and in prime locations because we believe that it’s easier to learn in inspiring spaces that encourage collaboration and the open exchange of ideas. Today’s interconnected economy rewards those who are willing to cross borders and can work with people from all around the world. At Hult you can study at up to three of our seven campuses over the course of one unforgettable and life-changing year- choose from campuses in Boston, San Francisco, London, Dubai, Shanghai, New York, and Ashridge Estate (U.K.). You can rotate among the campuses without any interruption to your studies and learn about world markets by living and studying in them. The Curriculum Our Masters degree programs have been designed with employers to help give you the skills you need to launch your career in business. Whether you want to specialize in finance or marketing, or get a general overview of all aspects of business, Hult has a degree program to suit you. All Masters programs allow you to spend time at any of Hult’s campuses around the world. Master of International Business An all-round Masters program that provides grounding in Strategy, Finance, Management, and Marketing for those launching their business careers. The Master of International Business (MIB) program is available in all Hult campus locations and students can choose

up to three locations during this one-year program. Based on Hult’s award winning MBA curriculum, students benefit from a unique combination of business knowledge, professional skills development and practical experience. This degree is well-suited to recent university graduates or young professionals. Students can specialize in: marketing, finance, entrepreneurship, sustainability, general management, and project management. Master of Finance Equip yourself for a career in finance with Hult’s Master of Finance (MFIN) program. Designed with input from Fortune 1000 CFOs, leading academics, and finance professionals, our unique MFIN program provides broad exposure to key aspects of finance—from international accounting to managerial economics to corporate finance. You will also develop the essential skills to analyze and interpret financial numbers— crucial no matter what sector of finance you choose. This program is suited to students looking to launch their career in international finance. Master of International Marketing A highly relevant education for those who want a career in marketing, Hult’s Master of International Marketing (MIM) teaches the fundamentals of business and strategy, along with specialized knowledge in understanding your customer, branding, consumer behavior, sales, new product development, marketing analytics, and digital marketing. This program will prepare you for your career in marketing.

Hult’s practical, innovative curriculum that blends business knowledge, management skills development, and action learning won the Association of MBAs’ 2014 Innovation Award.

Range of tuition fees The total program fee for Masters programs is USD 41,300. Scholarships are available.

Language entry requirements IELTS score of 6.5 or equivalent on a standardized approved test.

Accommodation facilities Hult accommodation available in Shanghai and London. Accommodation support provided in other locations.

Price range of accommodation Prices vary depending on room type - please direct enquires to the school.

Modes of study Full-time

Levels of study Masters

Main subject areas Master of International Business Master of International Marketing Master of Finance

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