Cajun Prairie Posters, LSU - Eunice Honors Class

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Plants of the Cajun Prairie and their Medicinal Purposes Hannah Poirrier, Haley Istre, and Landon Crowder 2011 Spring Semester Honors Seminar, Louisiana State University Eunice, Eunice, LA 70535

Introduction

The Cajun Prairie was a beautiful piece of land no doubt. It was filled with plants of countless species and breathtaking colors. Not only are these plants and flowers beautiful in presentation, but they were also used for medicinal purposes for humans (Vidrine 2010). These plants may continue to be used for people’s benefit in many different ways, as we rediscover and discover a variety of potential clinical uses. Whether it’s curing a sore throat or soothing a skin burn, these plants may be useful in medicinal areas. Vidrine et al. (2008) describe the antimicrobial activities of several native mints. These are just four of the many medicinal plants found on the Cajun Prairie.

BEE BALMS

Bee Balms’ (Monarda spp.) leaves, flowers and stems are used in alternative medicine, such as an antiseptic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic and stimulant. An infusion of this medicinal plant is used inside the body for the treatment of colds, headaches, and stomach disorders. The bee balm can also reduce fevers and soothe sore throat, and is also noted to relieve flatulence, nausea, menstrual pain and insomnia. Steam inhalation of the plant can be used by humans for sore throats and bronchial catarrh. It is used externally as a medicinal application for skin eruptions and infections (Kindscher 1992). These along with mountain mints were key in the antimicrobial research (Vidrine et al. 2008).

MILKWEEDS Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are mostly perennial herbs and shrubs. They are known for their milky sap and the tuft of silky hairs on the seed. The flower buds, shoots, leaves, fruits, seeds, and stem have several medicinal purposes. The Indians used the roots to make a tea that was a laxative and diuretic. It has also been used to treat certain cases of asthma, rheumatism, as well as bronchial and pulmonary problems (Foster and Duke 1990 ; Kindischer 1992).

Plants and their Medicinal Uses GOLDENRODS The flowers, leaves, and roots are used in remedies. American Indians used the roots of the Canada goldenrod to treat burns, the flowers to make a tea to treat fevers and snakebites, and crushed flowers to chew for sore throats. The Canada goldenrod contains quercetin, a compound found useful in treating hemorrhagic nephritis. The leaves of the sweet goldenrod are used in making a tea that was formerly used as a digestive stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, mild astringent, for colic, to regulate menses, stomach cramps, colds, fevers, dysentery, diarrhea, and measles. The tea also relieves kidney and bladder inflammation and aids in sleeping and internal tissue healing. It was used as an external wash for rheumatism, neuralgia (spasmodic, chronic pain along a single nerve or group of nerves in the head and/or neck), asthma, arthritis, and headaches. Sweet goldenrod is used not only to make a tea but also it has some antimicrobial activity (Allen et al. 2005; Vidrine et al. 2008). The species found in the Cajun Prairie include:

Solidago odora Solidago rugosa Solidago semipervirens var. mexicana Solidago canadensis

Sweet Goldenrod Wrinkled leaf Goldenrod Seaside goldenrod Canada Goldenrod

Figure 2. Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa). MAMOU The Mamou plant (Erythrina herbacea) is related to a large number of tropical species of trees. Its roots and seeds were used to make Mamou Cough Syrup, a blood-thinning concoction that allievated bronchial congestion by acting as an expectorant; it was sold over the counter for decades (Reese and Allen 2004). This plant forms a massive root stock. The red flowers are sought out by hummingbirds (Vidrine 2010).

Figure 4. Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)..

Conclusions As you can see the Cajun Prairie is much more than just a beautiful piece of land. It has served as a natural pharmacy. With these diverse flowers and fruits, there is something for every taste. No matter what illness or ailment you had acquired, the Cajun Prairie provided a potential treatment. Further research on these plants may reveal new and novel clinical uses, especially the potential for antimicrobial essential oils from the mint family (Vidrine et al. 2008).

Literature Cited Allen, Charles, Andrew Allen and Harry Winters. 2005. Edible Plants of the Gulf South. Allen’s Native Ventures (Pitkin, Louisiana). Foster, Steven, and James Duke. 1990. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. Houghton Mifflin Company (New York). Kindscher, Kelly. 1992. Medicinal Wild Plants of the Prairie. University Press of Kansas (Lawrence, KS). Reese, William (Bill) and Charles M. Allen. 2004. Mamou: Acadian folklore, natural history, and botany of the Mamou plant. U. L. L. Press (Lafayette, LA). Vidrine, Malcolm. 2010. The Cajun Prairie: A Natural History. M. F. Vidrine (Eunice, Louisiana).

Figure 1. Sweet Goldenrod.

Vidrine, M. F., J.S. Al-Dujaili, K. D. Joubert, and C. E. Vidrine. 2008. Meat, salad and microbes: Antimicrobial plants of the Cajun Prairie. Proceedings of the Lone Star Regional Native Plant Conference, 4: 71-80.

Figure 3. Mamou plant in full bloom.


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