Visord922

order

Visual_ Visual_ 1

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C

on ten t

figure/ground

similarity proximity closure continuance translation rotation reflection glide/reflection dilation symmetric balance asymmetric balance ambiguous balance neutral balance

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4

Gestalt Laws of Grouping

Gestalt is a pysochological term that means “unified whole”. The human eye naturally organizes visual elements into groups. German psyochologists developed this visual perception theory in the 1920’s to better describe why and how things are aesthetically pleasing.

principles of grouping

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V VV

Figure/Ground- Composition is identified by figure and background.

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8

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Similarity- Objects that resemble one another are often percieved as a group.

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SS

S

10

Proximity- Elements in close range are identified as a set.

11

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12

13

Closure- An incomplete object is identified as a whole when the viewer’s eye completes missing information.

U

U

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A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A AA A AAA A A A A A A

A A A A A AA AA A A AA A

A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A AA A AAA A A A A A A

A A A A A AA AA A A AA A

A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A AA A AAA A A A A A A

A A A A A AA AA A A AA A

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ContinuanceFigures tend to be integrated into perceptual wholes when in alignment and implying a mutual direction.

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S

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symmetric operations

first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as orIn this section,patterns the correspondence ganized and objects.between Gestalt psychologists argued elements on the picture plane are observed. that these principles exist because the mind has an innate The viewer’s eye is directed and moves across the disposition to the perceive patterns the stimulus based on image in relation to alignment of thein objects. certain rules.

symmetry

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19

Translation- The figure is mapped out into equal linear points of correspondence

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Rotation- The figure is turned on a predetermined point. All elements are at a fixed distance from the axis.

21

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R R

Reflection- The figure is rotated on the plane 180 degrees. The result is a mirrored image.

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R R

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D

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D

Glide Reflection- Figure is rotated from the plane 180 degrees, gliding into a new position.

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Dilation- An element changes in size at regular intervals

e e e e e e e e e ee e e e e e e e e ee ee e e e e e e e e e e ee e e e e e e e e ee ee ee e ee e e e e e e ee e e ee e e ee e e ee e e e e e e e e e eee e e e e e e e e e eee e e e e e e e e e e e e ee e e e e e e e e e e ee eeee eeee ee

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B

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Balance

Balance is characterized by the distribution of elements within a composition. The relationship between forms on the picture plane are percieved based on the natural equilibrium in the human body.

Forms can be placed to direct the eye and communicate the message to the viewer.

compositional balance

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31

Symmetrical Balance- Composition is balanced with elements relating to the same central axis.

r r r r r r r

r r r r r r r

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1111 111111111 111111 1 1 32

Asymmetric Balance- Forms are placed irregularly in relation to a central axis.

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Ambiguous Balance- Compostion contains elements that posess an unclear relationship and balance.

4

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Neutral Balance- Elements are placed at random creating a compostition that lacks emphasis.

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