Visual order

aka: Gestalt laws of grouping

first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.

principles of grouping

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Figure/Ground- Well defined objects stand out against a less distinct backround.

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Similarity- Objects that resemble one another are often percieved as a group.

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Proximity- Elements in close range are identified as a set.

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Closure- An incomplete object is identified as a whole when the viewer’s eye completes missing information.

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U

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ContinuanceFigures tend to be integrated into perceptual wholes when in alignment and implying a mutual direction.

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symmetric operations

first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects. Gestalt psychologists argued that these principles exist because the mind has an innate disposition to perceive patterns in the stimulus based on certain rules.

symmetry

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Translation- The figure is mapped out into equal linear points of correspondence

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O O

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Rotation- The figure is turned on a predetermined point. All elements are at a fixed distance from the axis.

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Reflection- The figure is rotated on the plane 180 degrees. The result is a mirrored image.

RR RR

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D

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D

Glide Reflection- Figure is rotated from the plane 180 degrees, gliding into a new position.

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Dilation- An element changes in size at regular intervals

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