Global Style Icons
GLOBAL
STYLE ICONS COLOURS OF CREATIVITY
Global Style Icons
A Kansai Nerolac Presentation
Global Style Icons
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NerolacStyle Global StyleIcons Icons - Tribute
“Style is knowing who you are, what you want to say, and not giving a damn.� - Gore Vidal quotes (American novelist and essayist b.1925)
Global Style Icons
“An icon is 1 % himself and 99% what others make him to be!� - anonymous
Global Style Icons
PREFACE With a title “Style Icons” and a positioning “Colours of Creativity”, the book attempts to define the various mindscapes in Contemporary Architecture and Design. What is style? Who are the icons who patronised it? The book aims to create a chronological journey using the visual medium to establish the position of colour in design. Colour, has subtly played an essential role in defining style by the use of it; the absence of it; or simply by its inherent existence in the material usage. Global Style Icons is a journey through Contemporary Architecture and Design to highlight moments of hi-style, where icons created fashion statements… sometimes colourful, sometimes colourless, but nonetheless of impact. The following presentation aims to inspire and initiate some creative cycles that endorse more “Style Statements”. Welcome to style Icons - colours of creativity. -The Kansai Nerolac Team
Global Style Icons
The Making of Styles & Icons
1 2
…a passage through Contemporary Styles and individuals who established definite trends.
Style Statements
A visual collage of colourful ideas that give voice to a building, space and object.
SECTIONS
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SECTIO
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ION 1 MAKING OF STYLES & ICONS
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“Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.”
The words
of Stalwar t Architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, corroborates the fact that ‘architecture can never be defined… It can perhaps be encompassed in the words, colour, concept, and creativity.’ The constant evolution of these three “C’s”, over the ages, has traced the progressive stance of architecture and design.
Illustrious architects have been known ubiquitously for their distinctive concepts and creativity. Architecture today, has reached a platform, where architects don’t define their buildings any longer. On the contrary, it’s the narrative style elements, and symbolic representations of buildings, which characterise the architect. In terms of concept, style, and colour, architecture has spawned different styles from times immemorial. The architect’s acceptance of colour has been diverse all along. Whereas predominantly
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colour was just an asset in decoration and presentation of a project, the last few decades have altered the definition of colour in perceptual architecture. Today, colours add to the representation of the form. Master architect Rem Koolhass states in his book,
“Colour”- “The nature of colour should change - no longer just a thin layer of change, but something that genuinely alters perception”. It’s never been a run of the mill job to comprehend the complexities of colour. In its native form, it still stays elusive.
Hence, style is specified by the icon who shaped it, and architecture cannot be seen independent from its ar tists - architects who by their own pioneering styles, proved a paradigm to emulate and paved the road ahead for the splendid profession that architecture today is all about.
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ART for Architecture’s Sake… Ar t has always been the glamorous first cousin to Architecture as its scale and semantics allow more adventure. Among the multitudes of ar tists who stamped the 20 th century to inspire the architecture practices, Picasso and Andy Warhol have been considered the most influential. Picasso’s innovations gave rise to a lot of ar t movements including Futurism in Italy, Suprematism and Constructivism in Russia, and other movements as well as early work of the Surrealists and Abstract Expressionists. His works led on the path, where collage and construction became key aspects of the 20th century ar t. Andy Warhol was able to change the visual construction of the world we live in. Warhol erased the lines between Fine and Commercial Ar t, and forced the world to consider a new perspective. His perception, exploration, and experimentation in the field of Visual Ar ts are unmatched.
Art references in time and place paved way for architecture styles in the 20th Century.
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Andrew Warhol’s Imagery of Marilyn Monroe Photographs : courtesy Artstamps
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MODERNISM The late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw myriad cultural movements rooted in changes overcoming the Western Society. It was an era to create, impoverish, and reshape the environment. Embracing this change, the need of the hour were some thinkers, who believed that the traditional forms of art and architecture were obsolete, and it was time to confront the economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialised world.
Nicknamed as the ‘Father of Modernism’, Alvar Alto’s (1898-1976) concepts were particularly distinguished for their utilisation of texture, style, and structure and complex forms (a depart from the existing symmetrical designs). “Architecture,” he said, “must have charm; it is a factor of beauty in society. But real beauty is not a conception of form... it is the result of harmony between several intrinsic factors, not the least, the social.” His concepts in tandem with the site, material, and form showed dynamism refining Modern Architecture.
‘Form follows Function’ was the dictum of the creator of the modern skyscraper, Louis Henri Sullivan (1858-1924). He created buildings which emphasised on verticality. Also, the semi-circular arch became prominent with his designs. The ‘Falling Water House’ by
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Merchant National Bank Building by Louis Sullivan Photographs : courtesy Poweshiek IOWA Development
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American Architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) has been labelled as ’the epitome of a house built to nature’s specifications and coloured by the changing seasons’. He brought in use, new building materials like precast concrete blocks and glass bricks. He also gave glass a new meaning by designing intricate windows which went on to become some of architecture’s most integral ornamentations.
Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) showcased building materials as a form of ornamentation with the use of glass and steel skyscraper. These have been apparent in his Seagram Building and Lake Shore Drive Apartments. His buildings were planned on a grid system. Walter Gropius (1883-1969) was responsible for introducing a screen wall system that utilised a structural steel frame to support the floors, and which allowed the external glass walls to continue without interruption. His works of the Fagus Factory exemplify this concept.
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A screen with the plan at Frank Lloyd Wright’s Home ‘Talisen West’ Photographs : courtesy Ajay Nayak
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Le Corbusier (1887-1965) promoted the revisiting of colour in architecture. In the words of the master, “Colour should not be used as a decorative element, and also not to overplay spaces, but it should be a part of the whole”. The architect’s Villa Savoye stands testimony to his five points of architecture - pilotis, free façade, open floor plan, long horizontal windows, and roof garden. His innovation of the ‘Modular’ has been used in the design of many of his buildings. And each epitomises the use of colour inherently within the explanation of these drawings.
An influence of the 1920’s, Italian Modernism was also seen in the works of Aldo Rossi (1931-1997). Extremely complex in content and meaning, his works have simultaneously been appreciated for their simplicity and originality too. His influence in shaping the European architectural thinking is much remembered. He also was the founder of the Neo-Rationalist Movement (An Italian Movement of the 1960’s).
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A Sculpture by Le Corbusier Photographs : courtesy CEPT
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THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE The formative decades of Modernism have generally been referred to as the International Style. The revival of the International style by Luis Barragan (1902-1988) as a colourful, opulent genre of Mexican Modernism gave a novel version to Modernism. His application of vivid colours and textures added effervescence to the existing architectural scene. Known for creating mastery of Space and Light in buildings, he nevertheless proved himself an equally influential landscape architect and an urban planner. In his words, “Any work of architecture which does not express serenity is a mistake.�
The architecture of Louis Kahn (1901-1974) dwelled into the use of brick and concrete masonry, simple, platonic forms and monumental and monolithic buildings. Though rooted in the International Style, his architecture was an amalgamation of his Beaux Arts education and a personal aesthetic impulse to develop his own architectural forms. Oscar Nieme has been credited with the pioneering in the constructive possibilities of reinforced concrete. Hailed as the symbol of Brazil, he is best known for the plan of city of Brasilia and the United Nations Headquarters in New York. His exploration of concrete gave way to creating curve forms which were light, unique use of straight lines. His endeavour of connecting the baroque vocabulary with modern architecture set a whole new stage for architecture.
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Library, Phillips Exeter Academy by Louis Kahn Photographs : courtesy The Academy
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Luis Barragan’s early colour palette Photo-courtesy : the architect
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Museo Oscar Niemeyer, Curitiba in Brazil Photographs : courtesy Morio
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POST MODERNISM Superseding modernism, postmodernism crept in encompassing re-emergence of surface ornamention, reference to surrounding buildings in urban architecture, historical references in decorative forms, and non-orthogonal angles. Michael Graves has shown a vision of Classicism in which his buildings have become classical in their mass and order. His works rejects the notion of a ‘pure’ form or ‘perfect’ architectonic detail, instead conspicuously drawing from all methods, materials, forms and colours available to architects.
Philip Johnson’s (1906-2005) work saw the poise between the serious movement of Minimalism and populist movement of Pop Art. He will always be remembered for his work in Glass House in Connecticut. A masterpiece in transparency and reflection, the building came forth as a vital contribution in modern architecture. His AT&T building in Manhattan has been termed by many critics as the first Postmodernist statement. Among contemporary architects, Alvaro Siza’s projects have shown a rare spirit of introspection. These works of the greatest living Portuguese architect are notable for
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a delicate weave of allusions to specific regions and cultural figures, and a permanent absence of inflated rhetoric.
Michael Graves Post Modernist Composition for the Team Disney Building Photographs: courtesy the architects
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METABOLIST MOVEMENT A radical Japanese avant-garde movement - pursuing the merging and recycling of architecture styles within an Asian context, called the Metabolist Movement, was cofounded by architect Kisho Kurokawa (1934-2007) in 1960. The designs of this movement relied heavily on technological advancements, and consisted of adaptable plug-in megastructures. Kurokawa’s architecture, evolved from the Japanese tradition. focussed on keeping traditional concepts like materiality, impermanence, receptivity and detail invisible. He confessed, “This attention to detail is also an important key to understand my own architecture. The belief in the importance of detail also suggests the new hierarchy.�
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Architect Kisho Kurokawa builds with heavy weightage on technology driving the aesthetic guidelines. Seen here is the Toyota Stadium. Photographs : courtesy Kisho Kurokawa Associates
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MINIMALISM The late 1960’s and 1970’s, experienced a movement called Minimalism - work which was reduced to its most necessary elements. Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s motto of ‘Less is More’, was successful in creating an inkling of extreme simplicity by enlisting every element and detail to serve multiple visual and functional purposes. While modernist reflected highly on minimalism this movement implied the zen movement.
For master architect Tadao Ando, light stays an important facet in all his works as walls which he terms as the basic elements of architecture. His works have explored an exemplary craftsmanship in exposed cast-in-place concrete. The creative use of natural light and the complex three-dimensional circulation paths have been hugely propounded by Ando. The buildings of Peter Zumthor, a legendary architect explores the tactile and sensory qualities of spaces and materials while maintaining a minimalist feel. Zumthor’s work is largely unpublished in part because of his belief that architecture must be experienced first hand.
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Tadao Ando Interiors of Water Temple Photographs: courtesy the architect
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DECONSTRUCTION Post Modernism, in the 1980’s, the quest for rational and new paths, away from the norm led to deconstruction. Characterised by ideas of fragmentation, an interest in manipulating ideas of a structure’s surface or skin, led to buildings whose visual appearance was characterised by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos. The work of Peter Eisenman represents a continued attempt to liberate ‘form’ from all meaning. His theory on architecture pursues the emancipation and autonomy of the discipline. Bernard Tschumi believes, that there is no space without event.Tschumi’s design research encourages a wide range of narratives and ambience to emerge, and to self organise.
Frank Gehry, measured as a modern architectural icon, is associated with the Vitra Design Museum and the Guggenhiem at Bilbao. He is famous for deconstructing his forms and space, using geometries reminiscent of Cubism and abstract Expressionism. Rem Koolhaas has meticulously collated architecture and urban design with global metamorphosis; his work endeavours to bridge the valley between technology and progress. The Austrian firm Coop Himmelbau strives to create “open-planned, open-minded, open-ended” designs, made up of complex, undefined spaces, “and is known for its asymmetrical structures that strive for freedom from the constrained formalism of a given style. Zaha Hadid has defined a radically new approach to architecture by creating buildings with multiple perspective points and fragmented geometry to evoke the chaos of modern life.
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Michael Graves Post Modernist Composition for the Team Disney Building Photographs: courtesy the architects
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SUSTAINABILITY
TRADITION
SECTIO
CO
URBANISM
MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGY
MEDIA
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ION 2 COMMUNICATION
COLOUR
CONCEPT
C R E AT I V I T Y
STYLE STATEMENTS
PEOPLE
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COLOUR STYLES
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Identity Energy Balance Wellbeing Solace
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free form • personal trademarks • ancestry • luminous luxury
digital • drive to excel • endorphin rush
configuration • merged activities • art of diplomacy • multi-cultural weave
detox get-aways • nature indoors • vital nutrients
secure connections • comfort foods • spa relaxation
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IDENTITY
Coraline 2154C
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“Design here was impelled by the desire
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to move from “pure mathematics to
Parc de la Villette
applied mathematics.”
Green Valley 2637C
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Bernard Tschumi
© Peter Mauss Esto
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Photographs: courtesy Bernard Tschumi Š Peter Mauss Esto
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Gulf 2943D
Cesar Pelli
Mint Cream 2939P
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“An icon is a sacred image. When the term is applied to architecture, it usually means a building with a symbolic role and distinguished forms. Some buildings therefore, are icons; most buildings make the natural fabric spacity� .
Project Petronas Towers Photographs: courtesy Cesar Pelli & Associates
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Jean Nouvel
“Form follows function - that has been
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misunderstood. Form and function should
Agbar Tower
be one, joined in a spiritual union.”
Royal Fair 2413C
Adventure 2189C
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Photographs : courtesy Ateliers Jean Nouvel
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Giorgio Borruso
“I believe that quality level is determined
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primarily by the actual design of the
Ferrari Store
product itself, not by quality control in the production process.�
Half Moon 2996P
Strawberry Fields 2224C
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Photographs : courtesy Giorgio Borruso
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Architecture Studio
Photographs : courtesy Architecture Studio
Worn White 2953P
Deboinair 2371C
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“Architecture is an art engaged with
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society�.
Parliament of Strasbourg
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Photographs : courtesy Sauerbruch Hutton Architekten
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Indian Summer 2095T
Coral Serenade 2124D
Sauerbruch Hutton Architekten “One must enjoy the sensuality of space
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combined with a pragmatic approach�.
GSW Headquarters
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ENERGY
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Royal Fair 2413C
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Valley of Stars 2458T
53
“Of these recent German buildings,
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BMW Welt, which opened in the fall, is
BMW Welt
both the most blatant as corporate selfpromotion and the most exhilarating as architecture.�
Coop Himme(l)bau Photographs : courtesy Sujatha Mani
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Photographs : courtesy Rolandito
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Nasturium 2070C
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Vibrant Lime 2636D
56
“Style can be of many topics. What interests
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one in architecture, is organisations�.
Galleria Fashion Store
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UN Studio
Photographs : courtesy UN Studio
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Strawberry Fields 224C Florida Everglades 2971D
57
“For style... 1 test, test, test and test again.
Project
And this test is experimentation. When
Olympic Velodrome & Swimming
we test, we might arrive at something�.
Stadium
Dominique Perrault
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Photographs : courtesy Dominique Perrault
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Mystic Purple 2307D
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Pretty Peony 2272D
60
“Architecture is really about well-being.
Projects
All interesting projects are so because
Bus Station, EuskoTren Headquarters &
it is the way you interpret their special experience.�
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Zaha Hadid
Photographs : courtesy Zaha Hadid Architects
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3Deluxe
“Design is inter-disciplinary emerging
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of architecture, ar t, graphics design
Olympic 2006
and media�.
Stardust 2400P
Corsage 2516 D
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Photographs : courtesy 3Deluxe
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Perky Lime 2566D
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Sunscape 2019T
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“Organically inspired visual idiom is a style icon as it virtually expands space”.
Project Cocoon Club Photographs : courtesy 3Deluxe
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3Deluxe
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Photographs : courtesy 3Deluxe
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3Deluxe
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Green Valley 2637C
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Minuet 2473T
67
“Testing
the
limits
of
architectural
constructions by reaching the precision and resolution of media directly interacts with our bodies�.
Project Induction House - Distributed Projection Structure
68
Aether Architecture
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Photographs : courtesy Aether Architecture
Danube Sky 2462C
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Brunt Sienna 2210C
69
“Architecture and art is not about getting
Project
a lot of money for putting lipstick on
Centre Pompidou
some gorilla’s face”.
Richard Rogers
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Photographs : courtesy Richard Rogers Architects
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Herzog & de Meuron
Strawberry Fields 2224C Blue Madonna 2461D
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“You cannot only design a building to
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make it beautiful. It has to really work well
Alliance Arena
with the huge crowd that is using it.�
Photographs : courtesy Herzog & de Meuron
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BALANCE
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Photographs : courtesy Rem Koolhaas
“Design is S, M, L, XL. Design is what you
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do when you don’t [yet] know what you
Seattle Central Library
are doing.”
Equator 2021C
Red Glow 2217C
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Rem Koolhaas Photographs : courtesy Philippe Ruault
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Red Glow 2217C
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Equator 2021C
77
Photographs : courtesy Ball Nogues Studio
“Design is S, M, L, XL. Design is what you
Project
do when you don’t [yet] know what you
PS1 Liquid Sky
are doing.”
Ball Nogues
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Will Alsop
Photographs : courtesy SMC Architects
Tulip Yellow 2020D
Red Glow 2217C
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“Design is not just what it looks like and
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feels like. Design is how it works.”
Peckham Library
80
Green Envy 2545D
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Ginger Boy 2826C
81
Photographs : courtesy Guy Dolmaire
“Colour does not add a pleasant quality
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to design - it reinforces it.”
Mirecourt
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Guy Dolmaire
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Florida Everglades 2971D
Frank O Gehry
Freckles 2789D
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“There is a range of creativity possible... it comes out of an intuition, or a learned intuition�.
Project Guggenheim Museum
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Photographs : courtesy Ajay Nayak
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Jurgen Mayer H
Pistachio Nut 2557T
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“The mediated relationship between the
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viewer, artwork, architecture, and design
Mensa Karlsruhe
is fascinating. There is an ambiguity of meaning in the design process. From this
Fig Leaf 2657D
rises design”.
Photographs : courtesy Architekturbüro J. MAYER H
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W
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WELLBEING
Distant Hills 2973C
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Angora 2794P
89
“Design is directed toward human beings. To design is to solve human problems by identifying them and executing the best solution.�
Project Water Glass House
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Kengo Kuma
Photographs : courtesy Luuk Krammer
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Moshe Safdie
Adventure 2189C
Green Genie 2546C
Garden Glory 2431T
Tulip yellow 2019T
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“Design is the fundamental soul of a manmade creation that ends up expressing itself. It will make the whole area airy, exciting, green, a place they want to be in.�
Project Lester B. Pearson International Airport
Photographs : courtesy Moshe Safdie
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Irish Spring 2544T
Ultra Blue 2377D
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“So you could say, my final aim probably
Project
is the beautiful form I may find it in some
Thermal Baths
colourful icon, and sometimes in still life�.
Peter Zumthor
Photographs : courtesy Peter Zumthor
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Photographs : courtesy Markus Benesch
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Adventure 2189C
Markus Benesch
“Nature is the most radical and shocking
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palette in colour and shapes. No
Colorflage
magazines or books can inspire. ‘When I eat, I get inspiration’... things like that
Water Gray 2928T
stimulate creative curiosity.”
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Coraline Coral 2154C
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“Design can be art. Design can be
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aesthetics. Design is so simple, that’s why
London Stock Exchange
it is so complicated.”
Rhapsody 2399C
97
Photographs : courtesy Gensler Architects
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Gensler
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Misty Coral 2116T
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“White spare law - an art works spatial
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relationship to the architecture of this
Federation Square
containment or context remains a touch stone in the fantasy of reconciliations in the traditional arts.�.
Pennant 2475D
99
Photographs : courtesy Lab Architecture
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Lab Architecture
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Simone Micheli
“Design is a continuous desire for modern
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elegance ad style�.
Product Design
Pelargonium 2216D
Orange Grove 2068T
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Photographs : courtesy Simone Micheli
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Tamale Red 2126C
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Overast 2947P
103
Photographs : courtesy Daniel Liebskind Studio
“A building is not just a technological
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object; it’s a tale, a story”.
Disney Concert Hall
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Daniel Liebskind
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Karim Rashid
“I try to imbibe poetics and meaning into
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the objects of everyday life�.
Semiramis Hotel
Equator 2021C
Rose melody 2258D
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Photographs : courtesy Karim Rashid Inc.
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108
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Peter Ippolito
Photographs : courtesy Peter Ippolito
Black Hills 2952C
Alpine Azalea 2543T
Antique White 2659P
Espalier 2684D
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“Design is about visual cues facilitating serene navigation�.
Project Trattoria da Loretta The Linden Apotheke
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SOLACE
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Photographs : courtesy Claude Cormier
“We want to wake our audiences up
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and force them to take a fresh look
Landscape Garden
at their surroundings... we do so with colour and creativity�.
Skipper Blue 2378C
Brick 2132D
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Claude Cormier
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Gianni Ranaulo
Photographs : courtesy Gianni Ranaulo
Ocean Cruise 2474T
Loyalty Lealtad 2434C
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“Architecture of vision evolves from special effects and close interaction with the user�.
Project Wind Lounge
114
Slumber 2425D
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Sugar Cookie 2717T
115
“Style means... to surprise people in a
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simple way. Design means... how to make
Super Fibre Revolution
materials even more interesting and the same goes for colour too�.
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Tokojin Yoshioka
Photographs : courtesy Tokujin Yoshioka Design
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challenges of experimenting�.
Erika Mann Elementary School
Zesty Lilac 2304P
“Design is the opportunity to enjoy the
Velveteen 2255P
117
Photographs : courtesy Die Baupiloten
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Die Baupiloten
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Creative Colour Templates
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Green Valley 2637C
Coraline 2154C
Minuet 2473T
Green Valley 2637C
Mint Cream 2939P
Gulf 2943D
Half Moon 2996P [ 23-11P]
Strawberry Fields 2224C
Equator 2021C
Red Glow 2217C
Worn White 2953P
Deboinair 2371C
Valley of Stars 2458T
Royal Fair 2413C
Ginger Boy 2826C
Green Envy 2545D [28-5D
Vibrant Lime 2636D
Nasturium 2070C
Overast 2947P [ 28-16P ]
Tamale Red 2126C
Strawberry Fields 224C Florida Everglades 2971D
Equator 2021C
Rose melody 2258D [16-10D]
Distant Hills 2973C
Velveteen 2255P [16-7P]
Zesty Lilac 2304P [17-3T]
Angora 2794P
Royal Fair 2413C
Tulip Yellow 2020D
Red Glow 2217C
Adventure 2189C
Ocean Cruise 2474T
Distant Hills 2973C
Jade Lime Verde Limon Smoky Silhouette Silueta 2955P [ 27-17P] 2580D [ 32-10D]
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Skipper Blue 2378C
Brick Ladrillo Viejo 2132D [ 12-15D]
Sunscape 2019T
Perky Lime 2566D
Ocean Cruise 2474T
Loyalty Lealtad 2434C
Pelargonium 2216D
Orange Grove 2068T
Water Gray 2928T [ 32-18T]
Adventure 2189C
Freckles 2789D [8-14D] Florida Everglades 2971D
Pretty Peony 2272D
Mystic Purple 2307D [ 17-5D]
Indian Summer 2095T
Coral Serenade 2124D [ 10-4D]
Irish Spring Primavera Irlandesa 2544T [ 28-3T]
Ultra Blue 2377D
Fig Leaf 2657D [34-10D]
Pistachio Nut 2557T
Rhapsody 2399C
Coraline Coral 2154C
Strawberry Fields 2224C Blue Madonna 2461D [ 23-5D]
Pennant 2475D
Misty Coral 2116T [10-8T ]
Brunt Sienna 2210C
Danube Sky 2462C
Garden Glory 2431T [23-8T]
Adventure 2189C
Tulip yellow 2019T
Green Genie 2546C
Antique White 2659P
Black Hills 2952C
Espalier 2684D
Alpine Azalea 2543T [ 28-4T]
Sugar Cookie 2717T
Stardust 2400P
Slumber 2425D [ 27-14D ]
Corsage 2516 D
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