AR 415 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 04 : T R A N S D I S C I P L I N A RY C R A F T C E N T R E EXPLORING THE CRAFT OF WICKER-WEAVING, INTRODUCING THE NEXUS WHERE LOCAL RESIDENTS, TOURISTS AND MONKS CONVERGE. BY AHMAD AKIF AIMAN BIN KHAIRUDDIN // BSC ARCH YEAR 2
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CONTENTS C R A F T P H I L O S O P H Y 0 1 C R A F T E X P L O R AT I O N & S T U DY 0 2 C R A F T E X P E R I M E N TAT I O N 0 3 B A N G K A C H AO, T H E G R E E N L U N G S O F B A N G KO K
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C O N V E R G E N C E O F D I F F E R E N T P E O P L E T H RO U G H W E AV I N G U R B A N S T R AT E G Y
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S I T E C O N T E X T A N A LY S I S 0 6 U R B A N W E AV I N G C O N N E C T I O N S A N D 0 7 T R A N D S C I P L I N A RY C R A F T C E N T R E P RO J E C T B U I L D I N G B R I E F A N D P RO G R A M M E 0 8 B U I L D I N G E X P L O R AT I O N S 0 9 M AT E R I A L S T U DY 1 0 F I N A L P RO P O S A L 1 1
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CRAFT PHILOSOPHY The value of wisdom is the benefits and importance of the Thai way of life. Creativity and continous inheritance of knowledge from the past to the present caused the great people of Thailand to take pride in their heritage such as archaeological sites, antiques,Thai traditional architecture, arts and craft.Thai wisdom includes the application of religious Buddhist doctrine appropriately to the way of life. Bamboo, rattan and screwpine leaves (Krajood), not only play a big part in Thai Culture, but serves as a guardian to Thai and Buddhist values of humbleness, generosity and kindness.
“ Monkhood is a path that allThai buddhists will reach at a certain point in their lives.With buddhist values, monks tend to only use bamboo mats or rattan made crafts for daily usage to show their renounciation of worldly-materials.The bamboo’s also play a big part inThai mythology where it serves as a guardian against bad spirits.”
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KRA’DENG (NYIRU/BADANG) The weaving of the Thai people can be considered as an indigenous knowledge passed down by families. Some shapes and patterns are preserved, but some may be modified to fit the era. But this slow change has occurred and gradually the weaving of the Thai people will be woven in a variety forms and patterns depending on the nature of use and popularity of each locality.
kra’deng is a special tray that has been used for hundreds of years for preparing and serving traditional thai dishes like sticky rice and etc. Its intricate weaving pattern and circular framing shows a unique kind of weaving that only exists in the tropical region of south east asia.
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KRA’DENG (NYIRU/BADANG)
Orthographic Drawings of Kra’deng, a traditional object used for serving food such as sticky rice and sweet.
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HISTORY OF KRA’DENG
XCHIANG MAI,LAN NA PROVINCE
XNAKHON SITHAMMARAT,SOUTHERN PROVINCES
Archaeologists have discovered evidence that about 4000 years ago, mankind had known how to weave things with bamboo. Is characterized by two plain pattern. This evidence was found in Kanchanaburi and Lopburi.
Shown in the temple murals of Wat Phra Singh Worawihan, Mueang Chiang Mai District, includes a picture of villagers chatting with each other & next to them, a kind of wicker container called Pied or a basket placed in the picture. Proves that the Lanna people have been proficient with wickerwork for hundreds of years.
Today, two major kinds of kra’deng can be found in Thailand, the one in the North by the Lan Na and Lua people (Laos), and also the one found in the Southern Provinces.The southern kra’deng known as ‘badang’ is similar to the ‘badang’ across the border in the Northern Malaysian States, with its distinctive triangular shape.
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KRA’DENG DISSECTION ANALYSIS
The dissection process is essentially deconstructing elements off the object to dechipher its patterns and process of how it holds its form and shape. ABOVE are the stages of the kra’deng’s dissection.
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KRA’DENG DISSECTION ANALYSIS
The kra’deng is essentially just 5 parts, including the main motif pan and its rim.The element that holds it all together is actually the knot that surrounds the whole frame. -9-
KRA’DENG PATTERN ANALYSIS The transition from one pattern to another is developed as double patterns, triple stripes or more still maintain the characteristics of ‘LayKhad’. Interlacing and conflicting using vertical nailed lines and more than one horizontal line, with alternation, resulting in two or more patterns. This pattern is popularly used by weaving machines.This type of weaving technique is often used in conjunction with other types of patterns to get new and creative outcomes.
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KRA’DENG PATTERN EXPLORATION AND EXPERIMENTATION
Variations of patterns can be formed using the laykhad technique, below are some of few that has been designed from scratch using only the principles taken off the kra’deng dissection. Below :These two are explorations of what could be added to a normal twill laykhad technique.
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CRAFT ORNAMENTAL LANGUAGE COLLAGE
FILL IN HERE
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EXPERIMENTATION AND TRANSLATIONS This is the first translation that has been formed using a polar array based frame to stretch and twist the weave itself. The red and blue lines are used to show the difference in the weaving movements and how the frame manipulates the weaving.
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EXPERIMENTATION AND TRANSLATIONS
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Translation 02
Exploration 01
This is another exploration, using another frame, which elongates on one side to make an elongated version of the previous polar array weaving.The form of the weaving has changed eventhough only a little tweak has been manipulated trhough this frame.
A bigger and stronger frame has been used to manipulate the weave,now the the polar array form is deepen in the middle, enough to create a bulge or a valley to pass through.
Exploration 02
Exploration 03
This is a bigger form of the elongated polar array, with the weaving going all round the frame. It gives less of a bulge like the previous model, but still quite visible.With enough tension, it chould hold the frame together by itself.
With the combination of exploration 1 & 2, we can can the different variety of curves and forms, just like when the rim knots were untangled, where it curled sporadicly.The differences in height of each frame helps manipulate the intensity of the twist.
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FAUX CEILING // LIGHT FIXTURE
APPLICATION ON A BUILDING ELEMENT Monks in general reside in remote areas, and sometimes in caves to find peace and serenity.Caves are interactive in the sense that one must pass through staglimites inorder to pass through the cave.This lighting fixture will prove to be and interactive between the user and the space, where one can touch and feel the gravitas of the lighting fixture in the middle of a hollow traditional hall with a steep roof ( like a cave ).
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FAUX CEILING // LIGHT FIXTURE
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FAUX CEILING // LIGHT FIXTURE
APPLICATION ON A BUILDING ELEMENT The application of my ornamental language complimets my building element and narrative since it will be used later on for my craft centre as the basis of my building facade treatment.
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BANG KA CHAO,
T H E G R E E N L U N G S O F B A N G KO K Bang Kachao is an artificial island formed by a bend in the Chao Phraya River and a canal at its western end. It lies south of the Thai capital Bangkok in Phra Pradaeng District of Samut Prakan Province.
Bang Krachao is an manmade island, the green oasis in the heart of Bangkok. Well known for it urban jungle that are visible from the higher floors of many apartments along. The huge amount of trees eat up the city’s air pollution and thousands of mangrove trees around the perimeter of the island. All trees and greens are protected by the Government. - 20 -
NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON BANG KA CHAO 01 Rapid Urban Development causes a high demand for land within the city, thus leaving the lush green Bang Kachao to fend off hungry land developers
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02 Rising sea and acidity levels causes a change in Bang Kachao’s ecosystem
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03Trash and waste is littered all around the city and within the island of Bang Kachao
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04 Heavy air pollution plunges the whole city into darkness
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05 High tourist footprint in Bang Kachao causes a lot of disturbance and littering 06 Due to strict government regulations on land purchase on the island,many plantations and houses are left abandoned
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C O N V E R G E N C E O F D I F F E R E N T P E O P L E T H RO U G H W E AV I N G U R B A N S T R AT E G Y The convergence of three users of Bang Ka Chao. In order to improve intreaction between local residents, Buddhist monks and tourists. Through this weaving connection urban startegy that has been procured through circulation intersections. Below is the application of the design intention within the urban conceptual model : Top Right :An urban study model layered with the weaving interactions between all three users; The monks, locals and tourists Right : Two models, a conceptual model, to show exaggerated levels of interection through the fabric of weaving connections and an urban study model with the contour showing the leveling of the weaving connections between interactions of the users
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URBAN STRATEGY SYNOPSIS
URBAN SYNOPSIS :To connect users on site through the important key points of interactions or clashes between three users
Right : Closeups of two models, a conceptual model, to show exaggerated levels of interection through the fabric of weaving connections and an urban study model with the contour showing the leveling of the weaving connections between interactions of the users
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S I T E C O N T E X T A N A LYS I S : H I S TO RY O F B A N G K A C H AO 1977The Government enforced the conservation of green area on the island.
1991The Government ordered major land expropriation on the six tambon to conserve green area but quickly changed it to an official buying offer due to fierce resistance from local fruit plantation owners.
After the settelment, King Rama ordered Mon refugees, together with original Muslim and Buddhist villagers to settle.
Prapradaeng district was an old city dated back a thousand years ago with trace of Kom heritage
1955 “Petchahueng Rd�, the first road into the island was built.
2006Time magazine called Bangkachao the best urban oasis of Asia.
1955 Bang Kachao was the settling base after Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn successfully cutting some parts o Bangkok and Samut Prakan together to create another new city named Nakhon Nayok City and assigned people to landscape the settling in Bang Kachao - 24 -
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS : HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF ACTIVITIES 19TH CENTURY
The arrival of the Mons refugees established Bang Kachao as a permanent settlement, activities were limited to agriculture wise since it was not a developed part of the ancient city.
Activities : - Settlements - Farming - Construction - Peasant work
20TH CENTURY
21ST CENTURY
The promise of arable land closer to the king’s city and adjacent to the pure waters of the Chao Phraya river, brought farmers from across the kingdom. New activities like floating markets emerge since the main mode of transport around the city was by boat.
With the tourism boom in Thailand in the late 20th century,Bang Kachao was rated one of the best green oasis in Asia. In a huge metropolitan city like bangkok, two different groups of people, monks and tourists both visit Bang Kachao to enjoy its serenity.
Activities : - Floating Market - Commercial Plantation - Schools - Temples
Activities : - Meditation & Praying in Temples - Sports like biking/hiking/canoeing - Floating Market Tour Guides - 25 -
S I T E C O N T E X T A N A LYS I S : M AC RO S I T E A N A LYS I S
Schools
Temples
Events
Govt Offices
Hotels
Open Areas & Greeneries
Location of Site within Bang Kachao
Waste Density - 26 -
The correlation between places of congregation and activities and waste density proves that the social interaction of the site users put a heavy increase on daily waste density.
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS : MICRO SITE ANALYSIS
Below : Places of interest/activities on site
Floating Market
Wat Chark Daeng
Housing Area
Ecological Park
Camping
River Rafting
Bicycle Rent
Grocery Store
Riverside Chalet
Riverside Restaurants
Site Pier
Open River Port
Site Introduction
Site Contour
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Transdisciplinary Craft Centre Schematic Proposal
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nsdisciplinary ft Centre ematic posal
BANG KACHAO บางกะเจ้า
ANG ACHAO งกะเจ้า
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Water Levels : *low tide will cause trash to get stuck in mud, thus making it harder for collection *high tide will cause the trash go farther inland
Top : Sun Path &Wind Direction on Micro Site Bottom : Access from inland towards the water/port
Above : SampleWaste Density founr on site - 27 -
INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCALS, TOURISTS AND MONKS THROUGH CONGREGATION AND CIRCULATION LAYERED PUBLIC CONGREGRATION INTENSITY
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LAYERED CIRCULATION INTENSITY
IMPORTANCE OF WEAVING WITHIN THE THAI BUDDHIST MONKS COMMUNITY “ Monkhood is a path that allThai buddhists will reach at a certain point in their lives.With buddhist values, monks tendto only use bamboo mats or rattan made crafts for daily usage to show their renounciation of worldly-materials.The bamboo’s also play a big part inThai mythology where it serves as a guardian against bad spirits.”
Monks take a vow of self-removal from the material items of the world, thus embark on a journey of self improvement and minimisation of waste produce. Such actions are thought to be on the path of enlightenment. Monks are also known to use items that can decompose easily back to mother nature, as part of their dharma.This is one of main reasons of their heavy usage of wickerwork products.
STUDY OF THE DAILY LIFE OF A BUDDHIST MONK
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As part of the design initiative, there three main parts will include the shrine to accomodate the monks, while they co-operate with the weaving village, recycling plant and weaving gallery.
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4.00 am – The monks wake up and meditate for one hour, followed by one hour of chanting.
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6.00 am – The monks walk barefoot around the neighbourhood while the local people make merit by offering them food.
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8.00 am – Returning to the temple, the monks sit together to eat breakfast, then make a blessing for world peace. Before 12.00 noon – Some monks choose to eat a light lunch at this time. This is the last solid food they are allowed to consume until sunrise the following morning.Row of seated Buddhas
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1.00 pm – Classes in Buddhist teaching begin. Some monks may attend school outside the temple.
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6.00 pm – A two-hour session of meditation and prayer begins.
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8.00 pm – The monks retire to do homework.
Besides these duties, all monks are given specific roles to play in the day-to-day running and maintenance of the temple and its surroundings.
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U R B A N W E AV I N G C O N N E C T I O N S A N D T R A N D S C I P L I N A RY C R A F T C E N T R E P RO J E C T 01 Events like the floating market brings in a lot of disposed produce like rattan waste 02 Tourists frequently dispose trash around the island, thus creating said problem
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03 Trash is collected by NGO’s or municipal workers on an unfrequent schedule since it requires a lot of workforce
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07 Said iniative will benifit monks as they require usage of wicker products since they cannot purchase items - 30 -
08 Disposed rattan products can be used to fix/make rattan products for monk usage and for sell as souvenirs (fundraiser)
09 Monks who come to Bang Kachao may continue their journey of monkhood by also putting in their part in return for saffron robes and rattan mats since they have given up on their worldly belongings/possessions, and thus have no money.
04 Some trash leave the island, some reach into landfills where their future is unknown 05 NGO’s and private organisations hire trash collectors to separate recycable waste and 06 Wickerwork waste can be reused to fix current products
PROJECT BRIEF AND SCOPE The final project brief includes the design for a transdisciplinary craft centre, that should also cater to more than one main programme.The New Bang Ka Chao WeavingVillage Iniative caters to three main Programmes : 1.The Shrine Space 2. Gallery Space 3. Recycling & WeavingVillage Each programme is run by Monks and Locals alike to cater tourists and any other visitors, to raise awareness on waste pollution around Bang Ka Chao, and be a hub to attract more new Monks to call said Centre as ‘home’. The Sub-spaces are then divided into their respective Categories; Weaving Gallery : - Centre Iniative - History and Importance of the art of Wicker-weaving in Thailand - Weaving Craft Exhibits made by Monks Shrine : - Main Buddhasavas Chamber - Sangkhavas Accomodation and Rest Area - Chedi - Donations Area - Port Access WeavingVillage : - Lobby and Recycle Storage - Steam and Burning Space - Measuring & Cutting Space - Weaving Space
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PROJECT BRIEF AND SCOPE The New Bang Ka Chao WeavingVillage includes an access from a port, thus making it one of the many access points into the Island of Bang Ka Chao.This can be used as an advantage and also the main programme to follow for the spatial-planning of the centre. With the main port in the middle, the three programmes is placed ideally in linear position of each other, creating a juxtaposition of spaces, and the inclusion of multiple entry points from all four sides. Clockwise from Right :The prelimenary Bubble diagrams that show the different sub spaces of the three main programmes, The WeavingVIllage, Shrine Space and Weaving Gallery.
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS The mixture usage of diagrams, sketches, models and 3D renderings prove to beVital in the process of design development of the New Bang Ka Chao WeavingVillage.
Initial Concept
Prelimenary Concept
Site Strategy
Key Internal Spaces Layered Plan Development Form Development
Technical Facade Treatment
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : INITIAL CONCEPT The New Bang Ka Chao WeavingVillage features entrance points from the Port access and also one from the village. These two points will be the basis of the placement of each space in this massing model. Using the weaving connection language, the site can be link together from east to west or vice versa, creating easier footpath circulation since the pre-existing path goes around a residential area.
CASE STUDY : Allmannajuvet Zinc Mine Museum by Peter Zumthor The distant locations of each space in said museum gives a chancefor visitors to experience each part of its local context, thus give a more immersive experience
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : INITIAL CONCEPT
Right : Shows the massing of each main space within the proposed site. Below : Explanation and basis for said massing model, showing the location of the Chao Phraya River andVillage entry points
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : PRELIMENARY CONCEPT By using a centralised arrangement of spaces, the centre will have the shrine space as the centre of attention, making it a hotspot for all entry points and not isolated. This also shows the height leving to response with pre-existing site conditions, such as the hierarchy of building height spanning from east to west to get the best sunlight and adaptive views. The axes also shows the juxtapostion of the centre, where the access points towards the shrine space will be.
Clockwise from Right : 1. Site Responsive Model showing the AdaptiveViews 2. Response to Site Conditions 3. Draft Plan of the Centre
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : PRELIMENARY CONCEPT Right : Shows the massing of adaptive view and height leveling of each space Below : Perspective view from port access showing the different axes of the centre
CASE STUDY : Wat Ratchabophit The circular spaces give a sense of centralisation around the site, where the shrine becomes the centre of attention.This also improves circulation around the site.
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : SITE STRATEGY Right : A study model showing the response towards site conditions using height leviling and hierarchy to creat better control over cunlight coverage during the day, and better placement of each programmes arounf the site.
Site Strategy Response Sketch, showing the Sun Path, Access Points, Pre-existing paths, proposed WeavingVillage and position of the Programmes
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : SITE STRATEGY Top : A massing model showing the leveling in the Weaving Gallery Below : A massing model showing the height leveling across the whole site
CASE STUDY : Acqua Alta by Carlo Scarpa The difference in height levelings causes a hierachy towards the Buddhavas space.This creates an immersive experience, climbing up towards the holy santuary while having a glimpse through the line of sight void.
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES CASE STUDY :
Clockwise from Right :
Jewish Museum Berlin by Daniel Libeskind
1.The position of spaces according to the Buddhavas - Sangkhavas axes
The cutting void through the space creates a remarkable adpative view towards the Buddhavas space from the Weaving Gallery Entrance
2. Prelimenary sketches
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3. Line of Sight shaded in Black
BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES Clockwise from Right : 1. Section cut showing the different levelings reaching to the shrine area 2. Study models showing the line of sight through the art gallery towards the main Buddhavas space 3. Draft plan of the art gallery indicating the line of sight void
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (SHRINE AREA) CASE STUDY : Bait Ur Rouf by Marina Tabassum The sublime open space for prayers at said mosque, is complimented by skylights and lightwork throught the design of the floorplan. The Shrine space will be lit from all four sides to provide line of sight and lighting to create a more natural and shade environment for worshippers and monks.
Clockwise from Right : 1. Most Buddhist temples in Thailand are aligned through juxtapostioning axes, thus letting easier entrance to the Buddhavas spaces 2. Developmental work on the floor plan and light of sight towards the shrine space 3. Draft Plan of the Shrine Space
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (SHRINE AREA)
Clockwise from Right : 1. Prelimenary rendering of the Buddhavas space 2. Draft Plan of the Centre showing line of sight cutting through the shrine space 3. Model showing the positioning of Buddha statue in response to lighting conditions
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (SHRINE AREA) CASE STUDY : Bruder Klaus Chapel By Peter Zumthor The Chedi space is a Stupa which is always presnt in any Thai Buddhist Temple, and it its the most sacred part of the Buddhavas since Relics or religious Items are kept here and only monks may enter.With the ceiling skylight, it creates a more solemn area and humbling for the attainment of enlightenment.
Clockwise from Right : 1.Section Drawings of the Proposed Chedi Space 2. Developmental Design of Chedi Space
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (SHRINE AREA)
Clockwise from Right : 1. Prelimenary Rendering of the Chedi Space 2. Study Models showing the interior of the proposed Chedi Space
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (WEAVING CONNECTION BRIDGE) CASE STUDY : Higher Atlas by Barkow Leibinger The weaving fabric of this installation correlates back to the ornamental language, thus fits the weaving narrative. Using the structure as a physical connection for the local residents from one side to the other.
Clockwise from Right : 1. Prelimenary sketches 2. Location of the bridge connection in relation with the Weaving Gallery
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : KEY INTERNAL SPACES (CHEDI SPACE) Top to Bottom : 1. Study Model with the adaptation of weaving into the fabric of the structure 2. Prelimenary rendering of the bridge connection
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FORM DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY : Xiangshan Campus China Academy of Art by Wang Shu The roof structure in said building relates back to the thai vernacular roofs, with the correct levelings, it can be manipulated like the ornamental language narrative
Clockwise from Right : Study Models of the New Bang Ka Chao WeavingVillage - 48 -
BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FORM DEVELOPMENT Clockwise from Right : 1. Top view of Mock-up model of the centre 2. WeavingVillage highlight to show the different leveling in height of the different spaces 3. Weaving Gallery highlight to show the different directions of roof curvature 4. Prelimenary rendering of weaving village
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FACADE TREATMENT
CASE STUDY : Higher Atlas by Barkow Leibinger The weaving fabric of this installation corporates elements of the ornamental language narrative, thus it will fluidly incorporate into the building facade treatment.
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FACADE TREATMENT Clockwise from Right : 1.Analysis sketches of Case study facade 2.. Experimentation and usage of Building Element and Ornamental Language as reference 3. Study Model of Facade Treatment 4. Ornamental Language Collage
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FACADE TREATMENT
Facade Treatment Module for Public Spaces
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Facade Treatment Module for Exterior Facing Private Spaces
BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FACADE TREATMENT
Facade Treatment Module for Interior Facing Private Spaces
The three different modules, to combine as a facade treatment for semi-private spaces
Study Model and Draft Section of the Facade Treatment
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BUILDING EXPLORATIONS : FACADE TREATMENT
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FINAL PROPOSAL EXTERIOR ISOMETRIC
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FINAL PROPOSAL SITE PLAN
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FINAL PROPOSAL FLOOR PLAN
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FINAL PROPOSAL FRONT ELEVATION
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FINAL PROPOSAL LEFT ELEVATION
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FINAL PROPOSAL REAR ELEVATION
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FINAL PROPOSAL RIGHT ELEVATION
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FINAL PROPOSAL SECTION A-A
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FINAL PROPOSAL SECTION B-B
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FINAL PROPOSAL SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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FINAL PROPOSAL EXPLODED ISOMETRIC
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FINAL PROPOSAL EXPLODED ISOMETRIC WITH PERSPECTIVE VIEWPOINTS
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 1
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 2
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 3
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 4
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 5
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 6
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 7
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FINAL PROPOSAL PERSPECTIVE 8
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