Architectural Technology Exercises by Keith Chan

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 2 - Materials & Energy in Dwellings

KEITH CHAN WSA2

AIMS

In this investigation I am to explore the variation of energy demands over the year and its annual energy use. I will pinpoint where the main energy demands and losses appear to be coming from and, from an architect’s point of view, what elements we can control.

METHODOLOGY USED At ﬁrst I am drawing a rough massing model in ECOTECT, which would include all the surrounding masses. The site model would have the correct orientation and the masses would have the correct sizes and building heights so that physically we can model the correct overshadowing and comment on solar access.

SUNLIGHT & SHADOW DAILY ANALYSIS

The image on the top at the centre is the model I have produced, the highlighted unit is the mass that my dwellings will be positioned. The materials are also assigned for each elements in the building. I will focus on one unit to produce the analysis. It will be the ﬂat unit on the southern edge of the L-shaped mass,

SUNLIGHT SOLAR ACCESS & OVERSHADOWING

To gather more insight into the energy use of the site we need to ﬁrst explore the surrounding context concerning solar exposure. The centre column is the sequence of sunlight shadow variations in a few hours interval within the day. As you can see in the morning till around 3pm in the afternoon, the proposed unit receive most sunlight without overshadowing, however from about 4pm onwards the units starts to be overshadowed by the surrounding building mass in the west. Analysing the units with problems of overshadowing can also let architects to orientate buildings and design the openings to a building. It can also give us an idea how much surface of the building is in direct contact with solar radiation. Heating a dwelling to comfortable standard needs energy and sunlight is the only natural renewable energy source that we could rely on during the day.

MATERIALS

The tables of figures on the far right describes the materials I have assigned for my dwelling unit. There is also the detailed section of how the layers are compiled together, it was important to deal with which elements were placed in the order from “outside” to the “inside”, the waterproofing consideration, rigidity of the materials and also the conductivity of the materials. The lower the conductivity each component has the lower U-values the building element would be overall. The materials assigned all comply to the minimum fabric requirements of requirements of the new Part L 2010, in particular the U-values which is the overall heat transfer coefficient, which describes how well a building elements conduct heat. WALLS - the unit built will be of concrete and plaster applied on either side. A thick layer of insulation is inserted (Preformed Fibreboard) and thicker concrete walls were in place to bring the U-value down. FLOOR - Since my unit is placed on the third floor, it has a different composition of material layers compared to units on the ground. This time I included the plaster ceiling tiles from the unit underneath, and the concrete flooring along with insulation layer and timber flooring on top. Windows - I had to apply triple glazing to meet the U-values in Part L Regulation. This is because I had to have 2 layers of air gap in order to achieve the relatively low U-value while using standard glass which is inconveniently very conductive. ROOF - The units are all under one flat roof. A thick layer of the traditionally used rock wool is inserted for insulation and thick concrete layer is also giving waterproofing along with insulation and structural function.

Image on the right shows the shadow range of the units which highlights the awareness of certain areas with overshadowing of surrounding buildings. The unit highlight in yellow is the dwelling unit that I am investigating and analyse.

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 2 - Materials & Energy in Dwellings

KEITH CHAN WSA2

ANALYSIS The graph above shows the passive gains breakdown of the unit over the year. This graph maps gains and losses that occur via the various heat transfer mechanisms that occur within a zone. These mechanisms include conduction, sol-air, direct solar, ventilation, internal and inter-zonal gains and losses, indicated by the colours. X-Axis represents the time period, this is an annual analysis therefore it includes all twelve months. Y-axis represents the energy gains or losses, anything above the horizontal X-axis indicates heat GAIN; and anything under the 0-value datum indicates heat LOSS. We could see from the column on the right of the graph gives the percentage values (which are relative to the total amount) of the heat-gains in their corresponding factors The dark blue bar/area represents internal gains which accounts for 56.7%, 33.9% from direct solar and 9.4% of Sol-Air, or indirect solar gain. If we change the colours of the wall and roof elements to a darker colour, I would receive a bigger heat gain from Sol-Air because of solar energy absorption by nonreﬂective surfaces. The graph also indicates that the majority of heat losses occur via CONDUCTION heat transfer, which concerns with the building fabric. This suggests that if I change the walls and roofs to diﬀerent materials of lower U-values should reduce these losses.

WITHOUT ACTIVE SYSTEM

The green bar indicates the losses through ventilation. Ventilation is concerned with any openings of the buildings, and possibly airtightness of the dwellings. These may be reduced by changing the sizes of the windows to smaller ones, however that would in eﬀect mean that lower amount of sunlight will be entering the unit, which causes lower gains for direct solar.

The graphs on the right represent the monthly loads of energy needed to maintain a good thermal level for occupant’s comfort. Without an active system, as you can see most energy, of about 6 KDegHr is needed to warm the zone in January (in general winter times). Whereas with full air conditioning it is mirrored because these are the “loads” that the conditioning unit needs to make the zone comfortable for human inhabitation.

CONCLUSION The building fabric has significant effect on the thermal performance of the built space. Thermal performance is most concerned with us as humans, we need to use a lot of energy to keep us comfortable, what we try to achieve is to use the best resolved building fabric to provide better energy efficiency. The awareness of orientation and surrounding also proves important not only for access to light (overshadowing) but also for solar heat radiation - which in turn there will certainly be conduction of heat into the dwellings as well.

WITH FULL AIR CONDITIONING

From the passive gains breakdown graph we could see that, despite having all materials assigned properly and complying to the fabric standard stated in Part L Building regulations, the unit that I have designed is still losing a lot of energy, in particular through conduction which is directly related to the building fabric. Any gains which is related to solar can be maximised with the window sizes, and we could also take advantage of the local geography and adjust the orientation of the building so that more surfaces are opened to south which in turn increase solar penetration into the building.

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 3 - RENEWABLES

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AIMS The aim of this investigation is to access the solar access of the site for my proposed units, and then applying the results that I discovered into attempts at harvesting the available sunlight as a renewable energy source in order to reduce the energy consumption from national power grid.

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These images are produced from solar access analysis of my original masterplan. It is the total solar radiation received within a day, and the total energy expressed in Wh/m2 is mapped onto the surfaces of the building with corresponding colours, the brighter the colour the more energy it received. As you can see the L-shaped units have its advantage of large area of surfaces exposed to diﬀerent direction of sunlight, and however the orientation of the units means that a large area at the north is shadowed. Since this masterplan has room to improve in terms of maximising solar gains I am going to produce other prototype of the masterplan purely focusing on yielding the most of the incident solar radiation. Then I can make some comparison to see how much more could be oﬀered to the occupiers in my dwelling units.

The tables and charts above are the data analysis of the total monthly solar exposure, so it has a longer time frame compared to a daily exposure analysis, which is useful to plan for installation of PV panels if architects consider harvesting solar energy for powering system. The key ﬁgures (taken from the table) would be the incident radiation of 184.469kWh/m2 and the total Wh over the year, which is 42759kWh/m2. These will be the ﬁgures that determines the opportunity of how much energy I can harvest when I produce variations of the masterplan.

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 3 - RENEWABLES

KEITH CHAN WSA2

R E S OUR CE US AGE - Hourly S olar Collection

1st January to 31st December

ATTEMPTS AT CHANGING ORIENTATION TO YIELD MAXIMUM INCIDENT RADIATION 80000

60000

ANALYSIS

40000

The analysis will include the new layout of my masterplan, which would be the one that yields most incident solar radiation and make a comparison, also I would use my original layout to test the scenario of installing PV panels to utilise the incident solar radiation, ﬁnd out how much it could provide and compare to a typical energy demand of a household. !"!#$%&"'!($)%*"$#+%,-."*/+,

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231.592

165.455

110.675

0 0

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315.817

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103.78

220.43

586.942

1320.67

2274.52

2261.97

2358.03

2289.74

976.977

245.863

274.352

932.162

1361.86

2046.02

3460.25

3297.08

3031.13

2857.55

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1231.58

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4486.06

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247.223

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Apr

May

Jun

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Aug

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Nov

Dec

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PV PANEL ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION In this part of the analysis I am going to explore the possibility of allocating PV panels on the entire roof of the L-shaped proposed building mass. I will be using the original masterplan since the solar exposure in any variation is very similar, and that the building height is taller than the surrounding houses therefore I can keep using the original model. The graph above shows the hourly solar collection of the PV panels on the roof. I have assigned the panels with Mono-crystalline silicon as materials, although it is expensive, it achieves the eﬃciency of 15%. As you could see the maximum electricity gained would be in summer time and the peak is around the 28th June. The cumulative annual electricity gained could, on the other hand, be calculated from the table on the right.

3850 3300 2750 2200 1650 1100 550 0

This is the masterplan positioning that achieves the best incident solar radiation. From the total monthly incident solar radiation graph coded with different colours, compare the peak value in Mid-May, the original masterplan only had 3844kWh/m2; whereas in the new masterplan the peak value managed to achieve 5470kWh/m2. Also from the total monthly solar exposure graph we could see the total exposure is 57860kWh, which is also significantly higher than the original 42759kWh. This proves that by simply studying the orientation of the buildings and surrounding building mass along with overshadowing possibilities, we can determine which position would be the best for proposal. Even if it is of a standard fixed shape we can rotate the mass so that the biggest surface areas get most exposure to south light during the day.

There are figures for the electricity collected for each month. At the bottom left of the table I have calculated the sum of the electricity (kWh) over the year, which gives 57889 kWh - this is the figure of the housing project overall within the 12 months. There are 13 dwellings in my housing masterplan so that total figure divded by 13 would equal to the Annual Electricity Use per dwelling, which is 4453kWh. If we compare that to the estimated annual electricity use of around 3800kWh per dwelling, the figure that I calculated (4453kWh) indicates that if I apply the PV panels to the whole roof I can manage to cover the estimated energy use for all dwellings sufficiently. For a project that uses my building form, I think such technology should be applied to a community or a housing scheme level, however this means that the system works fair when everyone uses the same amount of electricity over the year and that everyone is willing to pay and maintain the panel units.

28th Jul

14th

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28th Oct

14th

28th 14th Nov

28th Dec

14th

28th

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OTHER POSSIBILITIES & ALTERNATIVES? If I take the same unit in Ex.2 which is the south-most unit on the top floor, the dwelling is situated at an exposed area so perhaps there could be PV panels installed even on the walls, and there is strong possibility of putting a micro-wind turbines because of the open and exposed nature of the site, with the river running nearby. Perhaps we could also depend on the river water flow and implement the hydro power system to power the dwellings. However the main concerns with seeking renewable energy sources and producing low and zero carbon housing is that when using new technology it is often the case that costs will go up, and the financial value of the houses would also increase. Sometimes people’s lifestyles would also been affected, and therefore education for the public is also necessary to raise the awareness of these issues so they are willing to take part even down to the individual level.

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 4 - Part M and Stair Design PART M - ENTRY SEQUENCE COMPLIANCE:

KEITH CHAN WSA2

LEVELLED APPROACH WIDTH OF ENTRANCE = 1200mm (wider than 900mm in Part M)

CORRIDOR has width of 2000mm. This is a common entrance which serves three ﬂat units. So the staircase would be treated as a common stairwell.

S-03

S-04

Entrance door has clear opening of 775mm as prescribed in Part M - wheelchair friendly

S-05

CORRIDOR STAIRCASE DESIGN & PART K COMPLIANCE Data for the Staircase: LAYOUT - Length = 6000 footprint Width = 1500 footprint S-02

S-02

STEPS - Total rise = 2800 from ground to ﬁrst ﬂoor Riser Height for each step = 140mm (max. 190mm in “other stairs” as prescribed in Part K1) Risers closed for all steps.

S-01

Going for each step = 300mm (min. 250mm in “other stairs” as prescribed in Part K1) RAILING -- at height 1100 as prescribed for “residential” dwellings in K3 for Guards and barriers design) Total number of steps = 20

-03

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ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 5 - DETAILING EXERCISE

KEITH CHAN WSA2

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 1 Sustainable Housing Codes

CATEGORY 1 ENERGY Overall Level: 4 Overall Score % of Section Credits Predicted: 72.00% Credits 26.35 points Contribution to Overall Score: 21 of 29 Credits Ene 1 Credits are awarded based on the percentage improvement of the Dwelling Dwelling Emission Rate (DER) over the Target Emission Rate (TER) as Emission Rate calculated using SAP 2005. Minimum standards for each Code level apply.

70.10 Level Level 4

KEITH CHAN WSA2 Assumptions Made

Evidence Required

1. Aiming to use highly insulated building fabric to achieve a low U-value for each building elements e.g. walls, roofs, and windows. 2.Detailing consideration on the use of materials used and construction methods to ensure airtightness and insulation.

Increase in costs for more efficient materials and possibly more layers in detailing. Also typical scenario of insulating the wall to desirable U values means adding thickness to the element which results in taking up more space.

Select the % improvement / Mandatory Requirement

AIM

OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR

The dwelling will have to achieve Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4. This will entail achieving a minimum of 68 percentage points in total derived from each of the nine environmental impact categories. Consider what improvements would be necessary to lift the percentage points scored suďŹ&#x192;cient to achieve Code for Sustainable Homes Level 5 (minimum of 84 credits) with some exploration of the impact of this improvement on the design and also on cost.

0% improvement 10% Improvement 14% Improvement 18 % Improvement 22% Improvement 25% Improvement 31% Improvement 37% Improvement 44% Improvement 52% Improvement 60% Improvement 69% Improvement 79% Improvement 89% Improvement 100% Improvement Zero Carbon Home*

8 of 15 Credits

Level 4

* as defined in the Code Technical Guide

Ene 2 Building Fabric

Credits are awarded based on the Heat Loss Parameter (HLP) obtained from the SAP 2005 calculations. This is based on the level of insulation provided in the dwellings. Select a HLP range

OR OR Ene 3 Internal Lighting

Greater than 1.30 Less than or equal to 1.30 Less than or equal to 1.10

2 of 2 Credits

Credits are awarded based on the percentage of fixed internal fittings that are dedicated energy efficient provided in habitable spaces within the dwelling.

Supply energy efficient light fittings, mostly installed in Costs increase in fittings and installation compared to old habitable rooms in order to specify the use of energy saving tradition filament bulb fittings bulbs (or compact fluorescent lightbulbs)

Select the % of dedicated energy efficient fittings

OR OR Issue Ene 4 Drying Space

Less than 40% Greater than or equal to 40% Greater than or equal to 75%

2 of 2 Credits

Credits

Level

1 of 1 Credits

One credit is awarded for the provision of either internal or external secure drying space with posts and footings or fixings capable of holding 4m+ of drying line for 1-2 bed dwellings and 6m+ for dwellings with 3 bedrooms or greater. Will drying space meeting the criteria be provided?

OR Ene 5 Energy Labelled White Goods

Yes No

Ensure appliances fitted (e.g. ovens, fridges and freezers) Consideration of appliances used and their dimensions are of adequate standard that complies to EU Energy possibly there could be specific fittings that may be Labelling Scheme; if in the case that no goods is provided needed for those appliances the developer must provide information to help occupier to choose the right one.

Credits are awarded where each dwelling is provided with either information about the EU Energy Labelling Scheme, White Goods with ratings ranging from A+ to B or a combination of the previous acording to the technical guide. Select the appropriate option below

EU Energy labelling information A+ Rated Fridges and Freezers Combination of rated white goods with EU Energy Labelling Scheme Ene 6 External Lighting

2 of 2 Credits

Daylight Sensors and energy efficient fittings for energy efficient lights for space lightings in communal areas or circulation spaces in apartment properties; meanwhile outdoor security lighting with high wattage intruder light operated by movement detecting devices should also be installed to cover the external area of the property

Credits are awarded based* on the provision of space lighting with dedicated energy efficient fittings and security lighting fittings with appropriate control gear OR provision of dual lamp luminaires with both space and security lamps compliant with the above energy efficciency requirements. Space Lighting

OR OR

Evidence Required Assumptions Made Provide internal or external drying spaces and are of secure Since drying spaces are not allowed in living rooms, kitchens, dining rooms, main halls or bedrooms. Either provision and adequate to the number of dwellers in the circulation space or a specific room has to be allocated for building the fixings, which means taking up more space within plot area. If indoor ventilated drying space is made it means there would be additional consideration of airtightness issues

Increase in costs for the lights, sensors, and also for extra wiring to outdoor lights and sensors

None provided Non Code compliant lighting Code compliant lighting

Security Lighting

OR OR

2 of 2 Credits

Credits

Level

1 of 2 Credits

None provided Non Code compliant lighting Code compliant lighting and controls

Dual lamp luminaires

Compliant with both above criteria * Statutory safety lighting is not covered by this requirement

Issue Ene 7 Low or Zero Carbon Technologies

Credits are awarded where either there is a 10% or 15% reduction in total carbon emissions that result from using low or zero carbon technologies. Note that where funding has not been granted through the Low Carbon Buildings Programme, a feasibility study is required that meets the Code requirements. Select % contribution made by low or zero carbon technologies

OR OR Ene 8 Cycle Storage

Less than 10% of demand 10% of demand or greater 15% of demand or greater

Giving ample space for a safe cycle storage at an accessible It implies that there needs to be adequate space for cycle and convenient location storage near the entrance point of building, which is usually located at the faĂ§ade and at visible location around the building

Credits are awarded where adequate, safe, secure and weather proof cycle storage is provided according to the Code requirements. Fill in the development details below

Number of bedrooms: Number of cycles stored per dwelling*

3 2.0

Assumptions Made Evidence Required Install sufficient amount of renewable energy sources such Installations of these renewable power systems means a as PV panels to supply electricity directly to dwellings. lot of funding is needed; also the dimensions of these Technologies would include wind turbines, Combined Heat power systems would take up a lot of space and Power systems which uses natural gas, biomass or sewage gas

2 of 2 Credits

* if you have storage for 1 cycle per two dwellings insert 0.5 in number of cycles stored per dwelling

Ene 9 Home A credit is awarded for the provision of space for a home office. The location, space and services provided must meet the Code requirements.

Office

Will there be provision for a Home Office?

Yes No

1 of 1 Credits

Rooms of sufficient space, with double power sockets and It means space is required within the plot and an additional telephone points; windows of appropriate size oriented to room that needs requires attention to be orientated for achieve daylight factor of at least 1.5% - it also needs to sufficient daylight through openings achieve adequate ventilation; Home office room may need to be allocated for bigger dwellings

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 1 Sustainable Housing Codes CATEGORY 2 WATER Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 83.00% 7.50 points Contribution to Overall Score: Wat 1 Indoor Credits are awarded based on the predicted average household water Water Use consumption, calculated using the Code Water Calculator Tool. Minimum standards for each code level apply.

Overall Score Credits 5 of 6 Credits

KEITH CHAN WSA2 70.10 Level Level 4

Install fixed fittings and fixtures such as low flush WCs and Increased costs for special fittings and recycling systems, extra piping would also be needed which takes up space flow restrictors; greywater or rainwater collection and treatment systems will also be installed to reduce the consumption of potable water through mains water supply

Select the predicted water use / Mandatory Requirement

greater than 120 litres/ person/ day less than 120 litres/ person/ day less than 110 litres/ person/ day less than 105 litres/ person/ day less than 90 litres/ person/ day less than 80 litres/ person/ day

OR OR OR OR OR Wat 2 External Water Use

Evidence Required

Assumptions Made

Level 3

AND 4 of 5 Credits

Level 4

installation of water butt system which would serve water capacity for irrigation of communal outdoor space

A credit is awarded where a compliant system is specified for collecting rainwater for external irrigation purposes. Where no outdoor space is provided the credit can be achieved by default.

Collection storage tank would take up space which corresponds to the size of outdoor spaces

Select the scenario that applies

No internal or communal outdoor space Outdoor space with collection system Outdoor space without collection system

OR OR

1 of 1 Credits

CATEGORY 3 MATERIALS Overall Level: 4 Overall Score 70.10 % of Section Credits Predicted: 66.00% Credits Level 4.80 points Contribution to Overall Score: 16 of 24 Credits All Levels Mat 1 Mandatory Requirement: At least three of the five key building Environmelements must achieve a Green Guide 2008 Rating of A+ to D. ental Impact Tradable Credits: Points are awarded on a scale based on the Green of Materials Guide Rating of the specifications. The Code Materials Calculator can be used to predict a potential score. Mandatory Requirement Will the mandatory requirement be met? 10 of 15 Credits

Enter the predicted score

What is the predicted number of credits? Mat 2 Responsible Sourcing of Materials Basic Building Elements

Mat 3

Enter the predicted Score

4 of 6 Credits

Having all these A-rated materials sought, there may be properties of the elements which does not match the function of them, and issues such as security, and structural conditions when application is not possible would need to be resolved by choosing some other elements to compromise.

Ideally for all basic building elements use responsibly sourced materials from accredited schemes, for elements such as walls and roofs that involves timber, recycle 100% of timber content and sourced from one of the recognised timber certification schemes

Research for audited third party certification schemes are needed so that the source of the material of its raw state is known, architects need to be aware of the supply chain management and material stewardship - which may deter their ideal choice of materials in the design when the material is unavailable

same as above

Enter the predicted Score

What is the predicted number of credits?

2 of 3 Credits

Overall Score 70.10 Credits Level 4 of 4 Credits All Levels

Will the mandatory requirement be met? Select the appropriate option

No SUDS or default case compliance Code compliant SUDS systems Non Code compliant SUDS systems Site discharges rainwater directly to a tidal estuary or the sea Sur 2

Ideally achieve all A-rated materials for all building elements. For external walls, rendered dense blockwork cavity wall combined with aerated concrete blockwork inner leaf may be employed. For roofs, concrete tiles may be used for pitch roofs; whereas it could be chipboard decking on timber joists and polyester-reinforced bitumen felt for flat roofs.

Credits are awarded where materials used in the finishing elements are responsibly sourced. The Code Materials Calculator can be used to predict a potential score.

CATEGORY 4 SURFACE WATER RUN-OFF Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 100.00% 2.20 points Contribution to Overall Score: Sur 1 Mandatory Requirement: Peak rate of run-off into watercourses is no Management of greater for the developed site than it was for the pre-development Surface Water site. Tradable Credits: Where SUDS are used to improve water quality Run-off from of the rainwater discharged or for protecting the quality of the developments receiving waters. Mandatory Requirement

Flood Risk

Evidence Required

Credits are awarded where materials used in the basic building elements are responsibly sourced. The Code Materials Calculator can be used to predict a potential score.

What is the predicted number of credits? Responsible Sourcing of Materials Finishing Elements

All Levels

Assumptions Made

2 of 2 Credits

All Levels

Select the annual probability of flooding (from PPS25*)

Zone 1 - Low Zone 2 - Medium Zone 3 - High

Select the apropriate option(s)

Low risk of flooding from FRA** All measures of protection are demonstrated in FRA Ground floor level and access routes are 600 mm above design flood level * Planning Policy Statement 25 - Planning and Flood Risk ** FRA - Flood Risk Assessment

TRUE FALSE 2 of 2 Credits

Evidence Required

1. Ensuring there is no discharge to the watercourse for Costs for technology, study of local geology and strict rainfall depths up to 5mm; or 2. Treating rainwater using supervision of construction detailing SUDS to improve its quality before discharge, and establish agreements for the ownership, long term operation and maintenance of all the sustainable drainage elements. Designing Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS), which might include specifying rainwater recycling, pervious paving for all hard surfaces in the development, the use of green roofs, soakaways or other systems that help reduce surface water loads. SUDS systems may include holding ponds and swales but ideally Green Roofs and rainwater harvesting system for recycled use

N/A

Credits are awarded where developments are located in areas of low flood risk or where in areas of medium or high flood risk appropriate measures are taken to prevent damage to the property and its contents in accordance with the Code criteria in the technical guide.

OR OR

Assumptions Made

N/A

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 1 Sustainable Housing Codes CATEGORY 5 WASTE Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 85.00% 5.48 points Contribution to Overall Score: Mandatory Requirement: The space provided for waste storage should Was 1 Storage of non- be sized to hold the larger of either all external containers provided recyclable by the Local Authority or the min capacity calculated from BS 5906. waste and Tradable Credits are awarded for adequate internal and/ or external recyclable recycling facilities. household

Overall Score 70.10 Credits Level 6 of 7 Credits All Levels

Assumptions Made Accessibility to disabled people ensured for the storage of recyclable and non-recyclable household waste. Local Authority collection system in place for post collection sorting.

KEITH CHAN WSA2 CATEGORY 7 HEALTH & WELLBEING Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 58.00% 8.16 points Contribution to Overall Score: Hea 1 Credits are awarded for ensuring key rooms in the dwelling have high Daylighting daylight factors (DF) and a view of the sky. Room Kitchen: Avg DF of at least 2% Living Room*: Avg DF of at least 1.5% Dining Room*: Avg DF of at least 1.5% Study*: Avg DF of at least 1.5%

Needs to allocate space for bins and wheelchair access; considering the collecting system for authorities the disposal area should be within reach on streets so that the staffs can actually spot and collect the waste.

Assumptions Made

Evidence Required

Assignment of windows and openings to allow natural light More openings will be needed to orientated and positioned correctly and of the correct sizes, this also may imply the enter the room in order to achieve the required Daylight use of roof light - spatial and structural problems may Factor occur

2 of 3 Credits

80% of working plane in all above rooms receive direct light from the sky? Any room used for Ene 9 Home Office must also achieve a min DF of 1.5%. *Tick the box if there is no study/ home office as this aspect of the credit will be awarded by default.

Will the minimum space be provided and be accessible to disabled people?

Internal Recyclable household waste storage

Hea 2 Sound Insulation

Where there is no external recyclable waste storage and no Local Authority collection

Spatial and service problem 1. Keep services away from bedrooms in houses and flats 2. Keep stairs, lifts and circulation areas in apartment buildings away from sensitive rooms such as bedrooms 3. Corridors in apartment buildings should have acoustically absorbent ceilings. Carpets can also help to reduce disturbance, particularly from footsteps, in adjacent apartments 4. Separating walls between bathrooms and sensitive areas should be designed to minimise acoustic transmission 5. Isolate pipework and ductwork from the building structure to avoid vibration being transmitted and all penetrations of services should be sealed.

Credits are awarded where performance standards exceed those required in Building Regulations Part E. This can be demonstrated by carrying out pre-completion testing or through the use of Robust DetailsSelect Limited. a type of property

scheme

Detached Property Attached Properties:

0 of 2 Credits Internal storage (capacity 60 litres) Local Authority collection Scheme

- Separating walls and floors only exist between non habitable spaces - Separating walls and floors exist between habitable spaces

Post Collection sorting Internal storage (capacity 30 litres)

70.10 Level -

Select the compliant areas

Evidence Required

Mandatory Requirement

waste

Overall Score Credits 7 of 12 Credits

4 of 4 Credits

0 of 4 Credits

Select a performance standard

All Levels

Pre-collection sorting Internal storage (capacity 30 litres) External Storage, no Local Authority collection scheme

Performance standard not sought Airborne: 3db higher; Impact: 3dB lower Airborne: 5db higher; Impact: 5dB lower Airborne: 8db higher; Impact: 8dB lower

OR OR

3 separate internal storage bins (capacity 30 litres)

Issue Hea 3

Houses External Storage(capacity 180 litres)

Private Space

0 of 4 Credits

Flats

Yes, private/semi-private space will be provided No private/semi-private space

3 or greater types of waste collected

Construction Site Waste Management

Credits Mandatory Requirements: waste generated on site resource efficiency must Credits: The SWMP should for minimising waste and/ construction waste.

Level

1 of 1 Credits

Assumptions Made Outdoor space is provided which allows access to all occupants

Evidence Required Extra openings may be required, needs to landscape the open outdoor space

Include Lifetime Homes features such as Parking spaces provided, levelled or gently sloped approach, illuminated entrance

Materials should also be long lasting, any fittings would also need to be easily maintained, and that all lifetime homes features would take up much space

Will a private/ semi-private space be provided?

Private recycling operator

Issue Was 2

Credits A credit is awarded for the provision of an outdoor space that is at least partially private. The space must allow easy access to all occupants.

Level

A SWMP plan including the monitoring of and the setting of targets to promote be produced and implemented. Tradable also include procedures and commitments or commitments to sort, reuse and recycle

Evidence Required Assumptions Made Site Waste management plan to ensure monitoring of waste Deligation of responsibility for an on-site staff during generated on site and designers can assess whether they construction constantly and that contractors have most could recycle or reuse materials and products on and off control over the best practice of the workers the site.

OR Hea 4

Lifetime Homes

Mandatory Requirement: Lifetime Homes is mandatory when a dwelling is to achieve Code Level 6. Tradable credits: Credits are awarded where the developer has implemented all of the principles of the Lifetime Homes scheme. Mandatory Requirement

Mandatory Requirement

Dwelling to achieve Code Level 6?

Is the development cost less than £300K? Contents of the SWMP

Does the SWMP include: + monitoring of waste generated on site? + targets to promote resource efficiency?

4 of 4 Credits

Lifetime Homes Compliance

1 2 of 2 Credits

All Lifetime Homes criteria will be met Credit not sought

2 All Levels

+ the waste groups? + compliance with best practice? + procedures for reducing waste?

CATEGORY 8 MANAGEMENT Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 88.00% 8.88 points Contribution to Overall Score: Man 1 Home Credits are awarded where a simple guide is provided to each dwelling User Guide covering information relevant to the 'non-technical' home occupier, in accordance with the Code requirements.

+ commitments for reducing waste? + procedures to sort, reuse and recycle waste? + commitments to sort, reuse and recycle waste?

Was 3 Composting

A credit is awarded where individual home composting facilities are provided, or where a community/ communal composting service, either run by the Local Authority or overseen by a management plan is in operation.

Operational Issues? Site and Surroundings? Is available in alternative formats?

Man 2 0 of 1 Credit

Considerate Constructors Scheme

Pol 2 Emissions

Overall Score 70.10 Credits Level 2 of 4 Credits All Levels

Select the most appropriate option

Potential (GWP) of Insulants

OR OR NOx

All insulants have a GWP less than 5 Some insulants have a GWP of less than 5 No insulants have a GWP of less than 5

1 of 1 Credits

Credits are awarded on the basis of NOx emissions arising from the operation of the space and water heating system within the dwelling. Select the most appropriate option

OR OR OR OR OR OR

Greater than 100 mg/kWh Less than 100 mg/kWh Less than 70 mg/kWh Less than 40 mg/kWh Class 4 boiler Class 5 boiler All space and hot water energy requirements are met by systems who do not produce NOx emissions

Evidence Required

3 of 3 Credits

TRUE Credits are awarded where there is a commitment to comply with best practice site management principles using either the Considerate Constructors Scheme or an alternative locally/ nationally recognised scheme.

Contractors with site management strategy that complies with Considerate Constructors scheme

Possible increase in costs and labour

Select the appropriate scheme and score

* including if a automated waste collection system is in place

CATEGORY 6 POLLUTION Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 50.00% 1.40 points Contribution to Overall Score: Pol 1 A credit is awarded where all insulating materials only use substances Global (in manufacture AND installation) that have a GWP of less than 5. Warming

Assumptions Made

Home User guides to include: Environmental Home user guides concerns with local knowledge which strategy/design and features, Energy, Water Use, Recycling means research of local area maybe required and Waste, Sustainable DIY, Emergency Information. Recycling and Waste, Sustainable (Urban) Drainage Systems (SUDS), Public Transport, Local amenities, Responsible Purchasing etc.

Tick the topics covered by the Home User Guide

Select the facilities available

No composting facilities Individual composting facilities Communal/ community composting*? Local Authority OR Private with management plan

Overall Score 70.10 Credits Level 8 of 9 Credits All Levels

1 of 3 Credits

Assumptions Made all insulating materials in the elements of the dwelling listed below only use substances that have a GWP < 5 (manufacture AND installation): • Roofs: including loft access • Walls: internal and external including lintels and all acoustic insulation • Floors: including ground and upper floors • Hot water cylinder: pipe insulation and other thermal stores • Cold water storage tanks: where provided • External doors Ensure the use and installation of Class 4 boiler for heating the building; include the use of Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR), super insulation, and Photovoltaic powered electric top up heating. Confirm that the emissions stated are those estimated under normal operating conditions, i.e. dry NOX levels. If the mains electricity, assume 1200mg/KWh supplied.

Evidence Required All these materials for elements could increase their costs: foamed insulation or non-foamed insulation e.g. Nitrile rubber or elastomeric insulation, Foamed polyethylene, Mineral wool or fibre; also the responsibility to ensure the manufacturer of such product uses the correct blowing agent

No scheme used Considerate Constructors Best Practice: Score between 24 and 31.5 Best Practice+: Score between 32 and 40 Alternative Scheme* Mandatory + 50% optional requirements Mandatory + 80% optional requirements

OR OR OR OR

1 of 2 Credits

* In the first instance, contact a Code Service Provider if you are considering to use an alternative scheme.

Man 3 Construction Site Impacts

Credits are awarded where there is a commitment and strategy to operate site management procedures on site as following:

As stated.

Tick the impacts that will be addressed

Monitor, report and set targets, where applicable, for:

Costs, extra piping and space for Class 4 boilers

- CO2/ energy use from site activities - CO2/ energy use from site related transport - water consumption from site activities Adopt best practice policies in respect of: - air (dust) pollution from site activities -

2 of 2 Credits

Credits

Level

water (ground and surface) pollution on site 80% of site timber is reclaimed, re-used or responsibly sourced

Issue Man 4 Security

Credits are awarded for complying with Section 2 - Physical Security from Secured by Design - New Homes. An Architectural Liaison Officer (ALO), or alternative, needs to be appointed early in the design process and their recommendations incorporated. Secured by Design Compliance

Credit not sought Secured by Design Section 2 Compliance

1 2 of 2 Credits

Assumptions Made

Evidence Required

ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY Exercise 1 Sustainable Housing Codes CATEGORY 9 ECOLOGY Overall Level: 4 % of Section Credits Predicted: 44.00% 5.33 points Contribution to Overall Score: Eco 1 One credit is awarded for developing land of inherently low value. Ecological Value of Site

Overall Score Credits 4 of 9 Credits

70.10 Level All Levels

Assumptions Made

Evidence Required

OR OR

0 of 1 Credits

1. 100% reduction in CO2, which means all emissions that are accounted for (space heating, water heating, lighting) must be zero or negative. Such aim would mean that the building fabric must be highly insulated, and in order to oﬀset ANY production of CO2, some form of microgeneration on site will be required. This would imply that there is an increase in costs and also perhaps the demand of space to provide any form of generation system. Extra wiring would be needed to connect all power supply within the dwellings to it.

* Low ecological value is determined either a) by using Checklist Eco 1 across the whole development site; or b) where an suitably qualified ecologist is appointed and can confirm or c) produces an independent ecological report of the site, that the construction zone is of low/ insignificant value; AND the rest of the development site will remain undisturbed by the works.

Eco 2 Ecological Enhancement

A credit is awarded where there is a commitment to enhance the ecological value of the development site.

requires input from experts at both site master planning and detailed design stages, careful consideration of the existing and neighbouring features in addition to careful selection of plant species and habitats

Tick the appropriate boxes

Will a Suitably Qualified Ecologist be appointed to recommend appropriate ecological features?

1 of 1 Credits

2. All CO2 emissions from cooking and domestic appliances must be oﬀset. This means that in the design process the appliances are even limited to a list of providers that the architects prescribe to. Additionally, a heat loss parameter of 0.8 W/m2K or less is required. This typically requires a highly insulated building fabric, combined with excellent dwelling airtightness and, depending on available solar gains, the avoidance of high glazing to ﬂoor area ratios.

AND Will all key recommendations be adopted? AND 30% of other recommendations be adopted? Eco 3 Protection of Ecological Features

A credit is awarded where there is a commitment to maintain and adequately protect features of ecological value. Type and protection of existing features

3. To reduce emissions further, heat and/or electricity may be generated either: • Within the dwelling via the use of microgeneration. • Within the boundaries of the development via the use of, for example, combined heat and power. This kind of community level strategy is discussed further below. • Outside the boundaries of the development via the use of, for example, large scale wind turbines.

Site with features of ecological value? Site of low ecological value (as Eco 1)? 1 of 1 Credits

AND

All* existing features potentially affected by site works are maintained and adequately protected?

*If a suitably qualified ecologist has confirmed that a feature can be removed due to insignificant ecological value or poor health conditions, as long all the rest have been protected, then this box can be ticked.

Issue Eco 4 Change of Ecological Value of Site

Credits Credits are awarded where the change in ecological value has been calculated in accordance with the Code requirements and is calculated to be: Change in Ecological Value

Eco 5 Building Footprint

Major negative change: fewer than -9 Minor negative change: between -9 and -3 Neutral: between -3 and +3 Minor enhancement: between +3 and +9 Major enhancement: greater than 9

OR OR

Houses & Flats Weighted (2.5:1 & 3:1) Houses & Flats Weighted (3:1 & 4:1)

Flats: 3:1 Flats: 4:1

Assumptions Made

ensure effective use of the building footprint by maximising the usable space

Ratio of Net Internal Floor Area: Net Internal Ground Floor Area

Credit Not Sought Houses: 2.5:1 OR Houses: 3:1 OR

Level

4 1 of 4 Credits 2 of 4 Credits

Credits are awarded where the ratio of combined floor area of all dwellings on the site to their footprint is:

OR OR

TO ACHIEVE LEVEL 5 100% and Zero carbon To achieve level 5, the following needs to be considered:

Select the appropriate option

Credit not sought Land has ecological value Land has low/ insignificant ecological value*

KEITH CHAN WSA2

0 of 2 Credits

Evidence Required

4. At the level of individual dwellings, microgeneration techniques, such as photovoltaic panels, solar thermal water heating, mini wind turbines or micro combined heat and power, help to reduce dwelling CO2 emissions. For solar technologies, factors such as dwelling orientation and overshading are critical in achieving good performance. In addition, physical roof space should be carefully assessed to ensure the necessary microgeneration can be accommodated. The use of certain design features, for example mono pitched roofs, can help increase the available mounting area. For micro wind turbines, local conditions should be checked in detail to ensure a suitable wind resource is available. 5. A community heating scheme delivers heat from a centralised boiler to multiple dwellings via a network of heat mains. Boilers can be fuelled using fossil fuels or low carbon fuels such as biomass. Community heating can operate most efficiently and cost effectively in relatively dense housing (low rise or high rise blocks) where pipe runs and thermal losses can be minimised. Community heating is particularly appropriate where electric heating can be displaced. 6. The developer must put arrangements in place to ensure occupiers do not switch their electricity connection to any other supplier, as switching to a non-renewable source would effectively preclude the development from being zero carbon.