Building Science1 case study board

Charcoal Factory, Malaysia.

Chong Wen Bin 0327442

Introduction

Nabilah Diyana 0325657

Teh Chie Yang 0324947

al

rco

a Ch

Hot air

Cold air

Fa ry

cto

Stack ventilation relies on the temperature difference between the air inside the building and the outdoors to drive the flow. Hot air rises because it is lower pressure. Due to this principle, stack ventilation usually construct openings at the high level of the building, allowing the hot air to escape. The negative pressure at the top of the building draws in colder, denser outside air through openings low in the building. The use of a stack concentrates the effect. The air flow will increase with the longer stack effect.

Site Plan

Sun Analysis

Muhammad Ashroff 0325736

Tutor: Mr. Edwin

Thermal Analysis

Wind Analysis

The site(4040 m² ) is located at 15 km away from Taiping town in the northern Perak coastline. The charcoal factory in Kuala Sepetang is orientated whereas the main entrance faced North West from the main road. The primary structure of charcoal factory is made of timber and the roof is made of aluminium. As it is a factory that produce charcoal, the heat inside the building need to be reduced in order to achieve thermal comfort level. However, visitor will experience uncomfortable because of the heat circulated inside the factory. When the heat gain reduced from the surrounding, the indoor temperature will eventually reduce.

Shefereena Isreen 0325915

The design of the charcoal factory takes the advantage of the west wind to the maximum by allowing it to flow into the building. However, the East side of the building doesn’t allow the wind to flow into it as it doesn’t have any opening for the wind to pass through.

Humidity (%) Precipitation (mm)

The weekly chart shows the relative temperature, humidity & precipitation of Kuala Sepetang. The highest temperature was 32 degree Celsius and the lowest was 28.5 degree Celsius. For the highest temperature, the humidity was as low as 62%. The precipitation recorded that only at 1mm because there was no rain at that week.

shadow

0900 West South shaded

Azimuth: 246

Sun Chart

shadow

The sun chart shows that the azimuth of the day was 246°,altitude was 4.8°.

1200 West South shaded

The diagrams on the left show the sun paths and cast shadows on Chuah’s Charcoal factory, 21st September, at 09:00, 14:00, and 17:00.

1700 North East shaded

In conclusion, Chuah’s Charcoal Factory has a decent shading system, but also possesses flaws that reduces its efficiency. The factory’s roof provides high natural lighting throughout the day due to its louvred form aligning well with the sun path. However, it lacks in providing appropriate shade for its entrances that can be found on the factory’s western side, which would result in the workers experiencing high intensity of sunlight during the later hours of the day. The amount of sunlight entering the factory should be controlled so that the thermal comfort for the people is more optimal.

shadow

W

Bioclimatic chart Wind Rose Wind is blowing from the West at a speed of more than 5km/h for a total of 153 hours per year and more than 1km/h for at least 1061 hours per year. Other than that, the wind from East of North-East (ENE) is blowing at speed of more than 1km/h for 745 hours per year and more than 5km/h for 116 hours per year.

The wind rose of Kampung Kuala Sepetang shows that how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction. Charcoal factory has the strongest wind from the west direction. We can take advantage of the wind speed to maximize the effectiveness of the wind.

When the observation was conducted on our site, we analyzed that the temperature was very hot as their operation was to burn charcoal for business purposes. All the occupants were adapted to the environment where they will take off their clothing to cope and to achieve a better thermal comfort.

However we also observed that the user of the factory was not only for occupants, but also tourist and visitors. The comfortable thermal comfort proposed are based on all range of users of the factory in providing them an optimal comfort level. Therefore, temperature should range between 28-32 degree Celsius with relative humidity ranging from 80-85%.

Solution 1

Roof Insulation

Green Wall

Solution 2

31°

Wind flow

Aluminum Rafters Green wall

Insulator

29°

Extruded Polystyrene (EPS) Roof Insulation

Day time

By installing the extruded polystyrene (EPS) over the roof framing of the charcoal factory, the amount of heat in the factory will be reduced as polystyrene is a material that consists low thermal conductivity property. Therefore, during day time, the amount of heat absorbs through the roof will be reduced as the EPS roof insulator take place.

The temperature is low during night time, heat will be released out from the roof. This processes will reduce the temperature inside the charcoal factory where roof is one of the main factors that causes heat gain in a building.

Based on the precedent studies, temperature is expected to be reduce up to an estimation of 1 degree Celsius.

Trees and other plants help cool the environment, making vegetation a simple and effective way to reduce the indoor temperature of a factory. For this case, the indoor temperature will be reduced if applying green wall method on the west side of the charcoal factory where the wind is coming from. The graph shows that the averange temperature in Kuala Sepetang and the expected temperature could be achieved after using green wall design method.

Trees and vegetation lower surface and air temperatures by providing shade and through evapotranspiration.

Evapotranspiration, alone or in combination with shading, can help reduce the temperatures by 2–9°F (1–5°C).

Night time

Precedent studies

Trees and vegetation are most useful as a mitigation strategy as it is most effective for cooling a building, especially if they shade windows and part of the building’s roof or wall.

Precedent studies

Building scientists Joseph Lstiburek and Peter Baker have reported that adding 2 inch of foam insulation raises the R-value from 14.4 to 23.8, an improvement of 65%.

This analysis was done by the Development of Building Regulations and Guidelines to Achieve Energy Efficiency in Bangalore City on a five storeys office building. Based on their findings on the differences of temperature between insulated and uninsulated roof, 1 degree Celsius will be reduced after using roof EPS insulation method.

Charcoal Factory floor plan

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) had done a research regarding to thermal analysis of roof and its effects on thermal resistant in a building. According to their findings, we observed that the roof with polystyrene foam insulator will increase the room temperature but less with respect to time.

Reference: Aljebur, R. K. (2015). The effect of various types of building roof materials on the cooling load. Batu Pahat: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

Naman Spa / MIA Design Studio - Vietnam Air f

low

The architectural design company MIA Design Studio’s ingenious use of natural ventilation keeps the building cool and gives the guest a refreshing experience. The facade is composed by lattice patterns alternated with vertical landscapes that filter the strong tropical sunlight into a pleasant play of light and shadow on the textured walls. Various plants are carefully allocated and become a part of the architectural screens.

The fragmented screens and planting help to shade and naturally ventilate the building, keeping treatment rooms and exercise areas cool during the heat of the day. The trailing planting and latticed louvres filter the tropical sunlight to maintain cool temperatures, while still permitting views into the resort's grounds. The overall temperature will be cool down 2-3°c Celsius to 27°c.

Reference: Naman Spa / MIA Design Studio. (2015). Retrieved November 16, 2016, from http://www.archdaily.com/770560/naman-spa-mia-design-studio