Final Journal

Architecture Design Studio : Air ABPL 30048 2012 Journal Kenneth Ko 397471

Content 1.

Case for Innovation

i.

Personal Project - Body Piece

ii.

Port Olympic Fish Sculpture - Frank Gehry

iii.

Great British Museum - Norman Foster

iv. Computational design

v.

2.

Contemporary Scripting Programing Culture Research Project

i. Matrix of Combination

ii. Reversed Engineered Case Study - Dior Ginza

3.

Major Design Project

i.

Design Concept

ii.

Concept Refinement

iii.

Diagram of Concept

iv. Physical Prototype

v.

vi.

Construction of Design

vii.

Final Fabrication of Design

viii.

Experiment on Model

ix.

Critical Reflection - Rethink and Improve

Design Refinement - Computation for Fabrication

VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

BODY PIEC

KENNETH KO 30

S

CE

097471

I have been engaged in the Virtual Envi-

ronments project to design a body piece.

The course required us to use Rhinoceros to do certain surface creation design based on some natural parametric forms.

I have done some research on several natural phenomena. I did an observation on how the movement of water can be when hitting the buman body on the top. However I didn’t choose this idea for my design. At the second time, I tried to research on the flowering process of the flowering plants, which finally became the idea of my final design.

The process of flowering of every flower is quite alike, while they develop into different forms of flower. My design finally became the flowering of pine cone. It is more systematic and can be more parametric when I use rhino to design.

In relation to the Gateway project, we took the idea of the parametric design and the idea of digging holes on the surface of the design to create the shadowing effects.

FISH SCULPTURE PORT OLYMPIC, BARCELONA FRANK GEHRY

Technology opens up a new role for computer as a design tool.

As such, they provide the benefits of depth and breadth. On the one hand, their computational power can address processes with a scale and complexity that precludes a manual approach.

It is made of stone, steel, and glass.

Its copper-colored shiny metal plates sparkle in the sunshine and make the sculpture a real eye catcher. The sculpture can be seen from several of Barcelona's beaches. It has become a symbol of post-Olympic Barcelona. The big goldfish seems to float above the sea. The sun is reflected on the golden scales of this fish-shaped sculpture that dominates the waterfront of the Olympic port and beaches of Barcelona.

Algorithms can generate endless permu-

tations of a scheme. A slight tweaking of either the input or the process leads to an instant adaptation of output.

In relation to the Gateway project, the idea of curvining the surface in order to achieve smooth movement along the surface had been extracted and absorbed in our preliminary design. And the way of incorporate a sense of movement into static, or immobile, materials.

GREAT BRITISH MUSEUM THE COURTYARD NORMAN FOSTER

Master Norman Foster had won the competition of designing the courtyard space for the British Museum. One of the purpose of launching the competition was to reveal the hidden space of the Museum. Thus Lord Foster had re-designed the courtyard space.

The courtyard had been a lost space since 1857. The

re-design of the Great Court meant that this hidden space could be seen again.

The design of the Great Court was loosely based on Foster’s concept for the roof of the Reichstag in Berlin, Germany. A key aspect of the design was that with every step in the Great Court the vista changed and allowed the visitor a new view on their surroundings.

Work on the Great Court's magnificent glass and steel roof began in September 1999. The canopy was designed and installed by computer. It was constructed out of 3,312 panes of glass, no two of which are the same.

At two acres, the Great Court increased public space in the Museum by forty per cent, which allows visitors to have free space on the main floor.

Relating to the gateway project, the idea of playing with shadow in building this courtyard can be referenced. In relation to architecture discourse, the courtyard is constructed as the most characteristical feature of the museum.

Computational design

ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAV Institute for Computational Design Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design 2011 University of Stuttgart

VILION

The project explores the architectural

transfer of biological principles of the sea urchin's plate skeleton morphology by means of novel computer-based design and simulation methods, along with computercontrolled manufacturing methods for its building implementation.

A particular innovation consists of extending the recognized bionic principles and related performance to a range of different geometries through computational processes, which is demonstrated by the fact that the complex morphology of the pavilion could be built exclusively with extremely thin sheets of plywood (6.5 mm).

Three plate edges always meet together at just one point, a principle which enables the transmission of normal and shear forces but no bending moments between the joints, thus resulting in a bending bearing but yet deformable structure. Unlike traditional lightweight construction, which can only be applied to load optimized shapes, this new design principle can be applied to a wide range of custom geometry.

Contemporary Scripting Programing Culture

THE NEW AUDITORIUM OF SAINT CYPRIEN A work inspired by natural environment SERERO Architects

The new auditorium of Saint Cyprien is

a monument inspired by tree’s summit, and the silhouettes of sycamores, acacias, oaks and poplars present in the site. Serero architects have created a computer script, generating a facade that assembles non-repetitive and nonstandard components. The roofing of the building is generated from simple geometrical rules allowing a variation of shapes between the elements. The new auditorium is like an open space in continuity responding to the rhythm of trees found in the park. It incorporates the exterior landscape inside the

building. The double concrete shell generates an impression of foliage stitched with egg-shaped perforations as seen in the form of its shadow. The external shell protects the lobby and the auditorium from the sun. The internal shell of glass and concrete regulates and controls the heating and ventilation level.

In relation to the Gateway project, the idea of taking inspiration from the natural environment could be a good method of linking the design to the surrounding environments.

Matrix of Combinations

Arbitrary Points Arbitrary points uses points and surface and the points on the surface will respond and create certain outcomes. As an input, it can produce different effects by using combinations of different associations and output.

Boolean Patterning Boolean pattering demonstrate how patterns can emerge out of the selection of points. It selects points based on the boolean patterning to create a diagonal gap throughout the pattern.

Curve Intersections Curve intersection extracts the existing information for points. From these points, they can by controled to interect together and create interesting geometries.

Surface Grids Surface grids simply divide a surface into grids of points. After divided into grids, different association and output can be connected to create different desirable outcomes.

Explict Grids: Square and Hexagonal Works similar to a surface divide, but square grids make more equal in both directions and the arrangements are in the x and y directions. However, hexagonal grids provide diagonal arrangements.

Overlapping Patterns Overlapping patterns create offsets to the orginal surface and produce a layer on top or above. Overlapping patterns can be used to connect with other associations and outputs to create a dynamic form of patterns.

Surface Normals Surface normals are surfaces that are free formed instead of flat. It is similar to a flat surface that different associations and output can be connected to produce different outcome. Instead, the outcome on a surface normal is more dynamic and interesting.

Dior Giza is designed by Kumiko Inui who draw inspiration from the cannage pattern of the signature Lady Dior handbag. The facade was developed as a double-layed skin comprised of two independent surface: an outer perforated layer seperated from an inner, printed layer which is fibre-optically illuminated. In the inner layer, the cannage pattern is scaled down 30%, which combined with the offset between the two layers to produce a hazy, moire effect.

‘The Dior facade presents itself like an architectureal apparition; a ghost like volume articulated solely through the luminous effects of its carefully edited surface’ Kumiko Inui

DIOR GINZA Reversed Engineered Case Study

The facade of this building is a good example showing the power of parametric design in creating virtual images by overlaying several screens at a certain distance in between them. In this reversed engerneered case study, we are trying the reproduce the same effect by using grasshopper.

Process one: In the first step, we first create a surface and we use surface divide to make a grid of circle dots. Then we use an image of the dior cannage pattern in the image sampler to arrange the size of the dots according to the cannage pattern. This basically makes the outer layer, which resembles the outer facade of the Dior Ginza.

Process two: After we create the outer layer, we move on to the inner layer. As mentioned, the inner layer consist of dots that are 30% smaller and are 34cm apart from the outer layer. We do this by overlap pattern in grasshopper. We make an offset of 34cm and reduce the radius of the dots by 30% and we successfully create the inner layer.

The Dior Ginza facade, which uses overlapping pattern to create virtual images deeply inspires us and we have further developed this idea into our design.

Major Design Project:

Western Gateway design project In recent years, Wyndham City has been addressing the issue of its image by undertaking significant works to upgrade the condition and aesthetics of its streetscapes, open spaces and parks.  As part of this program, it has established this Gateway Project.

The Western Interchange on the Princes Freeway is thethird major gateway site to be addressed. The site lies on the boundary of Melbourne rural area and metropolitan area. Wyndham now wishes to establish another innovative and prominent indicator to provide a focus to the Western Interchange entry to the City.

Wyndham City

Design Concept We have the concept of fluid motion in the design to indicate the importance of the adjacent wetland. We first draw the shape of a water droplet and try to produce a long and narrow design which flows dynamically beside the road.

Control Points Curve Makeing 2D shape

Control Points Curve Preparing to loft

Lofting Making 3D surface

Rebuild surface Modifying the surface

Option 1: Image Sampler Surface frame is used to divided the surface to produce grids of dots. The dots are arranged in different size by the image in the image sampler to produce a unique pattern.

The outcome is satisfactory as the pattern is easily seen.

Option 2: Pattern Overlay Inspired by the Dior Ginza facade, we found the overlaying pattern very interesting. We tried the pattern overlay with the association of image sampler and wish to produce virtual images. The result is satisfactory and we look forward to it.

Option 3: Data Driven Extrusion Extrusion is made on the dots on the grid. The extrusion follows the association of the image in the image sampler to produce a dynamic wave form.

Option 4: Data Driven Rotation The dots in the grid begins to rotate away from its original position following the association of the image in the image sampler.

Some dots were rotated out of the surfac.

Concept Refinement After expermenting with different association and output, we have decided to adopt the overlaying pattern associated with image sampler. However, we want to refine the design by playing with the lighting of the installation.

Second Installation in site A After we have decided on the use of overlapping pattern and image sampler as association, we developed our second installation to respond to our first installation. This second installation uses fluid motion as the core idea as well. To fit into the landscape of site A, it is longer in length and follows the shape of the site boundary to produce a landscaped installation. The second installation is located opposite to the first installation, responding to each other to enrich the streetscape.

First Installation in site B After we have decided on the use of overlapping pattern and image sampler as association, we refine our design by exploring the lighting effect in the stallation. We use Data Driven Shading to produce two contrasting colour on the inner layer according to the pattern of the image in the image sampler. This contrast in colour produce a colour gradient to the installation and produce an more interesting virtual image through the overlapping pattern.

Diagram of Concept

Double-layered design Instead of using a singe layer design, we have chosen to use a double offset layers in order to create the hazy, moire effect. As a result when a fast moving vehicle passes by, it will create a visual illusion of dynamic construction for the driver.

Three different experiences The shape of out desing is meaning to be simulating the natural form of water inspired by the near-by water treatment plant. The design can give three different experiences to drivers from differnet roads they have taken: water turbulence, and waveforms.

Surface pattern Our design has chosen to use the abitrary point and the boolean pattern generated from grasshopper. This idea mainly comes from the case study of the Dior Ginza.

Form of the design From the EOI document, we have decided the shape of the design to be a semicolumn lying within the site. Afterwards one side of the semi-column is bent into the shape shown on the diagram.

Through using the bending function in rhinoceros, a streamlining final design has come out.

Physical Prototype After making design decision, we have to materialize the design to further explore the possibility of the design. We fabricate two sheets of polypropene sheet with grids of dots associated with image sampler, with the dots in the inner sheet 30% smaller than the other sheet. We successfully produce virtual images. With the use of different light colour, the colour gradient is clearly seen.

The double-layer design enables a dynamic illusion of the structure. When car moving with high speed aside, drivers generate an illusion of the moving structure.

Also our group decided to integrate our design into the idea of lighting. Through installing different lights within the structure. The viewer from outside can experience a change of colour of the design.

Design Refinement

Computation for Fabrication

Prototype The prototype of the design was simply a rhino-rendered model with the cut definition generated pattern on the model. Due to the unique shape of the model, it was hard to be fabricated using any of the fabricating method. As a result, the final outcome has been very simplified and used to be the study model of the lighting effect.

Final model In order to achieve a more streamlining design like nature, we have modified the prototype from the EOI document by using the paneling tool. This creates the final framework of the design. On top of it, paneling tool also makes the design easier to be fabricated as the surface is divided into parametric grids.

Construction of design

White polycarbonate panel Sealant Bolt Stainless steel frame (Outer layer)

Concrete pad footing

Steel plate Bolt

Stainless steel frame (Inner layer) White polycarbonate panel White polycarbonate panel

Bolt Steel plate Stainless steel frame (Outer layer)

Stainless steel frame (Inner layer)

The scale of the design is very large and no internal column is used, strong footings are necessary to suport the structure.

The stainless steel frame are joint together by the bolt join. In between the polycarbonate panels and steel frame,

sealants are used to prevent water contacting with the joins. Polycarbonate panels are chosen because they are relatively cheap and strong material that can be apply on such a large scale design. And the panels allow the light penetrating effect to take place within the design

Final Fabrication of design

This is the final design outcome. The main themes of the design are the moire effect bring out by the double layers and the lighting installation, and the three different experiences of the design from different roads around the site.

We have been testing the lighting effect base on different lighting conditions. The design surely can bring very different experiences to the drivers at day and night time.

On the other hand, the shape of the final outcome is ideal because it almost showed all the design intent of our group and the shape is also able to fit into the existing landscape of the site

Experiments on model Different angles(experience) and lighting conditions

Critical Reflection Rethink and Improve

Surface pattern of penetration: As this is the first time we are in contact with the Rhinoceros software, we are not familiar with the grasshopper definitions.

Thus the final outcome of pattern on the surface of our design was not very our original thinking. The computation skill could be more advance so that the pattern on the surface can be clearer and show more of our design intent of relating the design to the natural environment.

Orientation: After the design was done, we did a series of experiments to explore the effect of lighting of the model. It is proved that the lighting effect is quite ideal. However, we found that the orientation of the design could be better if it is reversed(facing opposite side). Since the effect of the design is stunning at the end of the design, it could be a better welcoming design for the vechicles entering the Melbourne metropolitan area.

Experience: Three different experiences would be too much for this design. Since the two experiences from two sides are very similar, it would be better to concentrate on just working out how the two different experiences can be refined.