Building Technology 1 by Kenny Teh Kah Khen

A LT E R N AT I V E C O N S T R U C T I O N S O L U T I O N & D O C U M E N TAT I O N BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC 3514 / ARC 3512] NAME : TUTOR :

TEH KAH KHEN, KENNY 0314502 MS. CHERYL

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INTRODUCTION DESIGN MODIFICATION FLOOR SYSTEM  car park extension  lysaght bondek flooring WALL SYSTEM  dalian international conv. center  quadroclad metal façade panel ROOF SYSTEM  heydar aliyev center  space frame with cladding BASEMENT SYSTEM  inkiostro restaurant  basement waterproofing system WORKING DRAWINGS *refer to attachment REFERENCES

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IN TR O D U C TIO N THE MIMOSA ; NAC

NEIGHBOURING CONTEXT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The MIMOSA NAC is located at the peninsular of Belum Rainforest Resort in Pulau Banding being surrounded by lush, green nature and deep, blue lake, this island is rich in natural wonders and history. This evergreen tourist spot offers a chance to get closer to Mother Earth.

This NAC follows the premise of an interesting plant found abundantly around the island; the mimosa pudica. The ability of this species of flora to react to external forces makes this plant unique. The leaves fold inwards and upwards when in contact with an external force. This ‘touch-me-not’ / ‘shy’ characteristic is adapted into the design as a symbolic approach to nature especially the context known to be sensitive. With association to one side of the proposed site to be ‘man-made’ (bridges & buildings) and the other being ‘nature’ (mountains & lakes), man exerts force while nature is neutral. This design comprises of one façade shielding off the external force while the other grows naturally. The form is intended to show growth that highlights the bias towards the direction of nature out from the Orang Asli Gathering Hall which is the medium of growth due to its pureness of materials and impactful response to the environment.

Entrance Phase 1 Resort Phase 2 Resort Recreation Jetty Headquarters Villa Tanjung Wan Peninsular (Proposed Site)

THE CONCEPT

This building intends to connect users to nature and strengthening the relationship in between. Users enter through the ‘ROOT’ are greeted by the pureness of the original structure whereby they are then pushed into nature with a linear experience adapted from the mimosa pudica. The design is focused on nature in which the form surrounds an existing tree creating a courtyard again, placing importance to nature directly adapted from the features of the mimosa pudica. The linear circulation implies a continuous growth towards nature which is achieved by having constant visual connection between the inside and outside. A recreation jetty is placed at the end of the linear journey to continue the growth towards nature by boat ride. In contrast to this openness, the man-made world is repelled by more solid enclosures. ‘Forces’ present affects the leaves which results in different experiences. Building spaces for congregation (restaurant, café, library & meeting room) that users will spend most time are orientated towards nature with the purpose to bond users with the surrounding subconsciously as well as providing visual harmony. Collectively, this NAC is deliberated to shift focus towards nature without having distractions from the current world (‘man’).

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S E L E C T E D A R E A S F OR M OD IF IC AT ION S

Upon consultation with the architect, the proposed semester 4 design has been altered accordingly in which only a portion of the building is selected for modification. Changes are performed on the original construction systems & building materials, to replace with different, more complex & recent building technology together with the addition of a basement. DESIGN MODIFICATION FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Concrete slab Concrete wall Lightweight concrete roof -

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Bondek flooring Brick wall with metal faรงade panel cladding Space frame with cladding Basement waterproofing system

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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S E L E C T E D A R E A S F OR M OD IF IC AT ION S

NORTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

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S E L E C T E D A R E A S F OR M OD IF IC AT ION S

SECTION A – A’

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SECTION B – B’

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SELECTED SYSTEMS FOR DESIGN :

FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM bondek flooring

PRECEDNT STUDY CAR PARK EXTENSION, BRISBANE, QLD

ARCHITECT LOCATION PROJECT AREA BUILDING SYSTEM

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BAC Group Architects Brisbane, QLD, Australia 3500 sq. m. LYSAGHT BONDEK

This project involves addition of an extra level & associated ramps to an existing two level car park, the upper level which originally was intended to be converted into an office space. The existing structure was built on piers, thus, the LYSAGHT BONDEK profiled steel decking became an integral part of the solution additional to the structure made of steel, BONDEK decking is able to achieve a better result compared to conventional formwork. It composes of steel framing and composite slab built with BONDEK steel decking specified with 1.0mm thickness and pre-painted BRITEWITE soffit to the color white for energy efficiency purposes. LYSAGHT BONDEK decking is the original steel formwork system that revolutionized concrete construction. Made from DECKFORM zinc-coated high-tensile steel which was developed by BLUESCOPE steel.

Able to achieve a coverage width of 590mm, the sheets are fast and easy to install & requires less handling. Ribs at 200mm centers create a safe working platform with slip resistant embossments. Other than functioning as a composite slab, it also has strong fire resistance. To ensure high quality finish, laps & ends of the BONDEK sheet spans were inspected to ensure they were sealed effectively to prevent any slurry runs.

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FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM bondek flooring

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM LYSAGHT BONDEK STRUCTURAL STEEL DECK

SUPPLIER Lysaght (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd 6, Persiaran Kemajuan, Seksyen 16, Shah Alam,Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: +6 03 5519 2000 Fax: +6 03 5510 5428 Email: daniel.lim@bluescopesteel.com

LYSAGHT BONDEK structural steel decking is a highly efficient, versatile & robust formwork, reinforcement & ceiling system for concrete slabs. It is a profiled steel sheeting widely accepted by the building & construction industry to offer efficiency & speed of construction. It has re-entrant ribs into the concrete slab at approximately 200mm centers & its depth is 54mm. It is available in a base metal thickness (BMT) 0.6, 0.75, 0.9 & 1.0mm.

REASON OF SELECTION • Easy installation • Large span with greater flexibility • Cost efficient • Greater aesthetic values

GENERAL • BONDEK to be secured at every pans of ends of sheets & permanent supports • Spot welds, self-drilling screws or drive nails as suitable fixing methods • No loads imposed after concrete pouring until slab is thoroughly set • Sheets shall not be end spliced or jointed • Decking includes ponding dead loads • Sheeting shall not have cantilever portions

BONDEK PROFILE

edgeform secured to decking using brackets

ADVANTAGES • Excellent spanning capacities for greater strength and less deflection • Acts as permanent formwork with minimal propping and no stripping of formwork is required • Fast and easy to install (590mm wide) with less handling required • Works as composite slab saving on concrete and reinforcement costs • Ribs at 200mm centers creating a safe working platform with slip resistant embossments • Advanced design for fire resistance • New BONDEK® software gives added flexibility and ease of design • Increased unsupported spans of BONDEK® sheeting • Backed by a BlueScope warranty • Nationwide technical support DISADVANTAGES • Improper inspection can cause slurry runs or concrete overflow • Requires props for larger span installations

bonstrip of stock length 3000mm to cover underside gaps of decking

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FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM bondek flooring

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM LYSAGHT BONDEK STRUCTURAL STEEL DECK

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

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PRECEDNT STUDY DALIAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTER

ARCHITECT LOCATION PROJECT AREA BUILDING SYSTEM

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Coop Himmelb(l)au, Dalian, China 117 650 sq. m. QuadroClad Metal Façade Panels

FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM brick wall with metal façade panel cladding

The port city of Dalian China is now home to a brilliant metal building seemingly in motion; the Dalian International Conference Center. Primed to spur development in the central business district, this low-lying futuristic multi-purpose building is situated among tall skyscrapers. Plans for this landmark structure began back in 2008, when the firm Coop Himmelb(l)au won a design competition. Led by architect Wolf D. Prix, design work began on the building comprised of several functional areas including a lobby, grand opera house seating 1600, conference halls, meeting rooms & a comprehensive service area. Covering a land area of 4.3 hectares, the building is 59 meters tall with a total floor area of 146 800 sq. m.; one floor underground and four floors above ground. The building’s exterior is comprised of QuadroClad Metal Façade Panels by Hunter Douglas Contract. This lightweight rain screen façade system controls rain penetration, maintains ventilation & provides thermal insulation. The center’s bold sculptural design speaks to cultural characteristics of the modern era yet evokes the city’s historic ties to the sea. “In Dalian, the building’s aluminum skins define the volume, but it behaves independently of the structure, says Joseph Giovannini of ARCHITECT, “the structure—a hybrid of space frames, columns, and beams joined in complex knots—plays a passive role without structuring the experience. Structure is neither dominant nor determinant.”

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM QUADROCLAD METAL FAÇADE PANELS

SUPPLIER Hunter Douglas Asia Headquarters Lot 493, Persiaran Kuala Selangor, Seksyen 26, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: +6 03 5191 2020 Fax: +6 03 5191 2885 REASON OF SELECTION • Lightweight • Caters for large flat modules • Great customization • Aesthetic values SYSTEM COMPOSITION

FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM brick wall with metal façade panel cladding

QuadroClad™ aluminum panels feature flat or curved planes for a smooth, uniform appearance. Durable aluminum panels are available in either anodized or painted finishes and a wide range of colors. Installation is executed on the same substructure as glass and resin panels, allowing all panels to be used in combination. Panels constructed with fabrication technology used in aircraft to produce lightweight, extremely strong panels. Each panel sandwiches a stable metal honeycomb between two skins of smooth, coil-coated aluminum. Layers are bonded together with high-quality adhesives to form a monolithic mechanical construction. The result: Optimal quality control. Maximum flexibility. The ability to withstand the most severe environmental conditions. GENERAL • External skin made of aluminium coil-coated with Luxacote or PVF2 (0.95mm) • Internal skin made of aluminium coil-coated with protective finish (0.5mm) • Core structure of aluminium honeycomb core • Edge extrusion of extruded aluminium, miltered & crimped to seal each panel with integrated fixing detail for easy attachment to support structures • Wall bracket available for insulation thicknesses of 100mm, 150mm & 200mm with slotted holes for adjustments in horizontal plane • Support rails of extruded aluminium profile for maxiumum rigidity where required; rails also serve as vertical drainage channel with standard length of 7200mm • Fixing plates of fully adjustable in vertical directions with integrated anti-vibration gaskets

ADVANTAGES • Lightweight yet extremely strong • Flat & can size up to 1500mm wide, 4500mm long • Available in custom shapes, colors & designs • Requires minimal custom engineering • Versatile; allows combination of panels of different materials • Durable with wind-load performances • Ideal for re-cladding & re-fitting opportunities 1. Pre-coated & roll formed DISADVANTAGES • Higher costs of systems & installations • Do not assists in load support

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aluminium external skin Adhesive film Aluminium extrusion Aluminium honeycomb Pre-casted aluminium internal skin

PANEL COMPOSITION

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FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM space frame with cladding

PRECEDNT STUDY HEYDAY ALIYEV CENTER

ARCHITECT LOCATION PROJECT AREA BUILDING SYSTEM

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Zaha Hadid Architects Baku, Azerbaijan 101 801 sq. m. Space Frame

This building was designed primarily for the nation’s cultural programs. It breaks the rigid and often monumental Soviet architecture that is prevalent in Baku. Besides, it also aspires to express sensibilities of Azeri culture & the optimism of a nation that looks to the future. Aimed to establish a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building’s interior. The ground surface as the plaza made accessibility to all as part of Baku’s urban fabric, rises to envelop an equally public interior space & define a sequence of event spaces dedicated to the collective celebration of contemporary & traditional Azeri culture. Exaggerating formations of undulations, bifurcations, folds & inflections modify this plaza surface into an architectural landscape. The Heydar Aliyev Center consists of two collaborating systems; a concrete structure combined with a space frame system. In order to achieve large-scale column-free spaces which allows visitors to experience the fluidity of the interior, vertical structural elements are absorbed by the envelope & curtain wall system. The space frame system enabled the construction of a free-form structure and saved significant time throughout the construction process, while the substructure was developed to incorporate a flexible relationship between the rigid grid of the space frame and the free-formed exterior cladding seams. These seams were derived from a process of rationalizing the complex geometry, usage, and aesthetics of the project. Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester (GFRP) were chosen as ideal cladding materials, as they allow for the powerful plasticity of the building’s design while responding to very different functional demands related to a variety of situations: plaza, transitional zones and envelope.

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CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM space frame with cladding

SPACE FRAME ROOFING SYSTEM

SUPPLIER NILKA Structuri Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 206, BI. V38, Et. 5, Ap. 13, Sector 5, Bucuresti. Tel: +4(021)31.77.744 Fax: +4(021)31.71.744 REASON OF SELECTION • Large span • Strong & flexible • Allows column-free spaces • Powerful plasticity DETAILS OF CLADDING ONTO SYSTEM

NILKA system space frame are 3D bearing structures. It consists of two plane grids, parallel to each other which form the upper & lower layers of the space frame. These two plane frames (grids) are connected to each other with the use of diagonal bars. The external loads are distributed amongst the two parallel layers & the diagonal bars which connect them. The axial distance between the upper & lower parallel layers is the space frame’s structural height & is equal to 0.707*a or 0.50*a; a=space frame module.

COMPONENTS 1. Nodes; NILKA spheres undertake the external loads of the space frame system. The forces acting radically on the spheres having different magnitudes & sometimes opposite directions, these forces are distributed through the bars which are attached to the nodes. 2. Bars; NILKA utilizes a hollow circular section (CHS) in which the diameter & thickness depends on the maximum developed force. The bars are manufactured of seamed circular hollow sections in accordance with DIN 2458 or without seam in accordance with DIN 2448, of steel quality St 37-2 in accordance with DIN 17100. 3. Bolts; it connects the bars to the nodes & also transmit tension forces from the bars to the spheres. They are made of high strength steel in accordance with DIN 267, quality 8.8 & 10.9 with metric threading. 4. Sleeves; this component transmit the compression forces between bars & spheres. They are made of hexagonal steel cross sections in accordance with DIN 17100, St 37-2. Advantages • Excellent aesthetics; available in various colors & customizations • Unlimited geometry with no restriction in creating any structural shape • Low structural dead load • Cheaper transportation cost • Inhered rigidity making the system suitable as load bearing structures • Excellent relation between dead-live loads Disadvantages • Installation cost is expensive especially for short spans • Longer installation period • Requires some form of fire protection system as opposed to conventional • Visually cluttered

COMPONENTS OF SPACE FRAME

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FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM basement waterproofing system

PRECEDNT STUDY INKIOSTRO RESTAURANT

ARCHITECT LOCATION PROJECT AREA BUILDING SYSTEM

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Studio Nove, A2C Parma, Italy 950 sq. m. Basement Waterproofing

Inkiostro Restaurant in Parma, Italy, a city surrounded by traditional food. This restaurant has a floor area of 950 sq. m. with 3 distinct zones. They are, 1) dark, atmospheric entrance & bar, 2) elegant, light dining rooms & 3) wine cellar. The wine cellar is a precious space made of warm colored material & soft lighting to showcase the finest labels of wines. This restaurant also houses a basement which is the space for the cellar. Some criteria for an efficient basement includes, well insulated & sufficient waterproofing works to ensure the room to be in a good condition which is important for wine keeping. Vandex Super is used around the outer layer of retaining wall that has contact with ground soil as primary waterproofing. While the inner part of the basement is covered with Oldroyd membranes. An additional Oldroyd Aquadrain perimeter drain is used to collect ground water & channel water off from the wall instead of allowing water to penetrate through the basement wall. BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN

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SELECTED SYSTEMS FOR DESIGN :

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM BASEMENT WATERPROOFING SYSTEM

FLOOR SYSTEM WALL SYSTEM ROOF SYSTEM BASEMENT SYSTEM basement waterproofing system

SUPPLIER Safeguard Europe Ltd. Redkiln Close, Horsham, West Sussex, United Kingdom. RH13 5QL. Tel: (01403) 210204

INTERNAL WATERPROOFING Internally applied systems are popular on old basements but, it can be used in new-build basements as a double waterproofing system to enhance protection. Internal basement waterproofing can be carried out using tanking slurry such as Vandex Super or using cavity drainage systems like Oldroyd Xv & Oldroyd Xv20.

REASON OF SELECTION • Insulation properties • Waterproofing properties

EXTERNAL WATERPROOFING Dual-layer system are normally used in external waterproofing. It comprises of primary waterproofing system like Vandex Super, protected by a secondary drainage later such as Oldroyd Xv membrane. Secondary membrane allows protection of the primary waterproofing systems from damage during backfilling. It reduces stress on the primary layer by reducing water ingress caused by imperfections in application of primary system or structural movement. A geotextile ground drain like Oldroyd Aquadrain is usually laid around the perimeter of the basement slab level to lead water to an appropriate discharge point. SLAB WATERPROOFING Waterproofing membrane often be extended underneath the slab using Oldroyd Xs or slab is applied with Vandex Super as waterproofing system.

Advantages • Reduce energy costs; prevent moisture to enter from cracks in foundation that will inhibit the work of HVAC to get rid of warm, moist air. • Avoid long term health risks; prevent toxic molds to grow that can cause allergic reactions, asthma & other respiratory problems. • Reduce maintenance costs; prevent unnecessary maintenance on damages caused by water leakage through basement walls. Disadvantages • High labors costs; installation charges are expensive especially external waterproofing systems, specialized excavating equipment is needed to reach foundation footings. • Constantly upkeep; sealants are needed to replace at least once a year on cracks, new cracks may form due to poor soil grading or inadequate rain guttering.

R E FE R E N C E

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Dalian International Conference Center / Coop Himmelb(l)au (2013). ArchDaily. Retrieved April 18, 2015, http://www.archdaily.com/?p=405787 Douglas, H. (2012). QuadroClad Metal Facade Panels. Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.hunterdouglascontract.com/ Europe, S. (n.d.). The Vandex Range. Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://www.safeguardeurope.com/ Heydar Aliyev Center / Zaha Hadid Architects (2013). ArchDaily. Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.com/?p=448774 Inc., P. (2011). GFRC. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from http://www.plasterform.com/ Inkiostro Restaurant / Studio Nove & A2C (2012). ArchDaily. Retrieved April 23, 2015, from http://www.archdaily.com/?p=208083 Lysaght, B. (n.d.). LYSAGHT BONDEK. Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.lysaght.com/ Structuri, N. (n.d.). Space Frame. Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.nilka.gr/

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http://www.lysaght.com/ http://www.hunterdouglascontract.com/ http://www.nilka.gr/ http://www.safeguardeurope.com/ http://www.plasterform.com/