+ REMEDIAL Landscapes
restoration of communities + processes in crisis
ken smith
m: 510.610.7558
h: 510.654.7548
e: kensmithsf@sbcglobal.net sketch of urban meditation garden wall enclosure
+
A PATH OF HERITAGE
rebuilding a school destroyed by floods in mexico
photo: diego collazos
+
A PATH OF HERITAGE
tiles in local artisanal saddlery motif
entrance
+ downhill
3 classrooms
A PATH OF HERITAGE
“cube” seating existing 2 classrooms + bathrooms climbing wall
multi-sport pitch “cube” seating
3 classrooms
uphill
children’s community garden office, computer lab + bathrooms fire pit reading area 2 classrooms
outdoor classroom
+
A PATH OF HERITAGE
+
A PATH OF HERITAGE
+
TREE MUSEUM
raising awareness for threatened habitats
+
TREE MUSEUM
air
migratory bird flyway struggling endemic flora + fauna poor setting for rich architecture blight viewed from above by users
earth industrial heritage 12 traffic lanes barricade lake access fetid conditions chaotic bus, bike + foot routes neglected civic infrastructure
water choked tidal channel lake requires mechanical aeration lots of garbage struggling aquatic ecology
joseph cornell-style site analysis box
+
TREE MUSEUM
+
TREE MUSEUM
riparian section
kaiser auditorium
new transit hub chaparral section
oakland museum of california courthouse
consolidated 12th street
beach
alpine section
bicycle path
desert section + restored axis restored channel
+
TREE MUSEUM
undulating tops emphasize ‘hillside habitats’ exhibition
+
TREE MUSEUM
cardboard study
+
NAZCA LINEAGE
new life for a school destroyed by earthquake in peru
photo: diego collazos
+
NAZCA LINEAGE
photo: limahotelperu.com
+
=
nazca lines as circulation
+ bathrooms
NAZCA LINEAGE
4 classrooms
sports pitch back entrance
children’s community garden
main entrance nazca murals, tennis walls + benches office + 2 classrooms
2 classrooms
surfer’s club reading area
informal sunken amphitheater shade garden stage
4 classrooms + bathrooms
+
NAZCA LINEAGE informal sunken amphitheater
stage children’s community garden
main entrance
multi-sport pitch
back entrance
surfer’s club reading area
layout nazca murals, tennis walls & benches shade garden
+
NAZCA LINEAGE
+
NAZCA LINEAGE
nazca tile murals
december 2012: the end of the world
sidewalk
classroom
corridor
sunken amphitheater
nazca murals
classroom
sidewalk
+
NAZCA LINEAGE
disgarded surfboards + inexpensive hammocks provide an outdoor library
peru has one of the oldest surf cultures in the world
+
THE PERFECT STORMWATER
a best practices approach for the city of berkeley
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: High Performance Streets & Landscapes
berry
Cr e
100-year flood 100-year floodzone zone
ek
Extreme weather
500-year flood 500-year floodzone zone Co dor
h School
nic es C
Cr ouse
re
Require new developments to contribute to public open space. • Allow green alternatives to current regulations (i.e. on-site parking)
Runoff
eek
Poor water quality
Cre
Flooding ek
t ter
e
Po
Cr rby De
e
IMPERVIOUS PAVEMENT
BERKELEY GENERAL PLAN
Stra w b erry Cre ek
Drought
k
3,000
1,500
0
3,000 Feet
Flood zones and creek locations: City of Berkeley GIS data Sea level risk area: United States Geological Survey, CASCaDE Project
Habitat and property loss
INCENTIVE STRUCTURES: Best Practices
Green Streets transform impervious street surfaces into landscaped green spaces that capture stormwater runoff and replenish the groundwater supply. They also create attractive streetscapes and urban green spaces, provide natural habitat, and help connect neighborhoods, schools, parks, and business districts. Functional: space- and safety-related constraints Drainage: starting at the source for runoff treatment Grading: topographic variation within and among sites Aesthetics: options to reflect the diverse preferences of local residents Maintenance: ways to ensure design longevity and functional success
Develop incentives and financing tools to encourage green building in the private sector. • Coordinate actions with partner organizations
Areasprone prone to to creek Area creek blockages and blockages andflooding flooding
ek
• Sidewalks and parking lanes provide opportunities for installation of pervious pavement along the street.
1885: First sewer lines constructed. All sewage was carried untreated into San Francisco Bay
In the example on the left, approx. 11,000 sq ft can be converted to pervious pavement.
• Strawberry Creek is an ecological corridor that connects habitat in the hills with Bay wetlands • Studies have found poor water quality due to pollutants from runoff
1945: EBMUD treatment plant created to manage stench in Bay
• Existing daylighted sections of the creek offer habitat and recreation opportunities that can be expanded
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LANDSCAPES OVERALL BENEFITS: VEGETATED SWALES
• “Heart of the city” project that would connect downtown civic buildings to Strawberry Creek Park along Allston Way
1961: Storm sewers separated from sanitary sewer lines
Stormwater management: • Provide water filtration • Allow infiltration into underlying soils • Reduce stormwater flow velocity
Strawberry Creek
Stormwater separation takes pressure off sanitary sewer lines and reduces treatment volume, but stormwater enters the Bay unfiltered and untreated
Open Stream Culverted Stream Historic Trace Habitat
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTICES: • Contribute to habitat restoration • Reduce flooding & erosion
Mimic natural flow of water, can be used for recreation
Source: Aukland City Concil, stormwater services website
2,000 1,000
0
Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: Green Streets
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
ALLSTON WAY: Existing Conditions MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS
MATERIAL
SUITABLE LOCATIONS
PERVIOUS CONCRETE & ASPHALT
PERVIOUS JOINT PAVERS
REINFORCED GRAVEL
REINFORCED GRASS
Interstates and other limited access roads where there are no turning vehicles.
Small and large areas-- can be easily repaired because small sections can be removed and replaced. Interlocking unit pavers offer flexibility in color, style, paving pattern, etc.
Low use areas that still require a rigid surface.
Low use areas and those where soil, drainage, sunlight, and other conditions are conducive to plant growth. Illustrations courtesy San Mateo County Sustainable Green Streets and Parking Lots Design Guidebook
Good for high-density areas, can be installed above ground
Minimal intervention to slow runoff along streets
Flexible dimensions, can be installed at a small scale
Traffic-calming mechanism, increases pedestrian safety
Source: Portland Bureau of Environmental Services, Stormwater Solutions Handbook
Source:San Mateo County, Sustainable Streets Guidebook
Source:San Mateo County, Sustainable Streets Guidebook
Source: Portland Bureau of Environmental Services, Stormwater Solutions Handbook
Source:San Mateo County, Sustainable Streets Guidebook
Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: Green Roofs
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
T
BANCROF
Impervious Asphalt
300
150
0
300 Feet
Wide lanes, abundant pavement and poor tree coverage characterize the existing streetscape along Allston Way
ALLSTON WAY: Proposals PROPOSED STREETSCAPE #1
Green Gutter Bike Lane (Pervious Pavement)
PROPOSED STREETSCAPE #2
Proposed interventions incorporate verdant native vegetation that will make the street a more pleasant place to walk and provide habitat for wildlife species. The addition of a bike lane provides recreational opportunities and a link between downtown Berkeley and Strawberry Creek Park.
Street enhancements
Asphalt
Stormwater facility
Cement
Pervious paving
Pavement is replaced by open space and vegetation to create a walkable street
PROPOSED TREE COVER
ALLSTON
GRANT
T
BANCROF
Green Gutter
EXISTING CONDITIONS
300
150
0
300 Feet
Mature trees should be spaced 25-35 feet apart to provide a broad canopy to intercept, filter, and absorb rainwater. Roots aid infiltration by breaking up soils and increasing porosity
Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: Strawberry Creek Park NEIGHBORHOOD ATTRIBUTES:
KING JR
MC GEE
JEFFERSON
MC KINLEY
SPAULDING
NORTH VALLEY
SACRAMENTO
ACTON
BONAR
WEST
CALIFORNIA
Culverted Stream
MARTIN LUTHER
ROOSEVELT
ADDISON
Open Stream
Pervious pavement and stormwater facilities allow infiltration of runoff into the natural watershed
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
PROPOSAL NATURAL FILTRATION AND FLOOD CONTROL
UNIVERSIT
Overflow Basin Filters While Preventing Flooding
Vegetated Bioswale and Check Dams Slow and Filter Stormwater
Water Enters Culvert
Permeable Parking Surface
KING JR
MC GEE
Cleaner Water Enters Strawberry Creek
T
MC KINLEY
JEFFERSON
(Sketch: Ken Smith)
DAYLIGHTING OPPORTUNITY: - Child Education Center
GRANT
SPAULDING
CALIFORNIA
SACRAMENTO
BONAR
NORTH VALLEY
WEST
ALLSTON
MARTIN LUTHER
ROOSEVELT
ADDISON
BANCROF
ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED: - Untreated stormwater in natural systems - Flooding - Underutilized natural landscapes - Loss of vital freshwater resources
300 150
0
Berkeley General Plan
BENEFITS
HIGH-PERFORMANCE “NATURAL” LANDSCAPES
EQUITY:
- Tyron Creek, Portland - “Room for the River” Program, The Netherlands
- Access to nature and improved open space - Gathering spaces for residents - Neighborhood beautification - Livable streets and encourage walking and bicycling
Creek and Overflow Basins
Observation Bridge
Left and center: The Ray and Maria Stata Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Olin and Associates (Source: Topos Magazine, 2007). Green walls cool and provide interest to a community. Musee du Quai Branly: architect, Jean Nouvel; living walls: Gilles Clement and Patrick Blanc. (Photo: Ken Smith)
OUTREACH AND EDUCATION
ECONOMIC: - Independence from mechanical water systems - Reduced runoff through absorption - Protection of life and property from flooding - Neighborhood beautification and property values - Health benefits through recreational opportunities
Vegetated Bioswales
ENVIRONMENTAL: - Groundwater recharge - Improved stormwater quality - Water conservation and efficiency - Habitat creation - Green streets and open spaces cool environment - Projects consumers can implement at home or work Addison “Green” Street
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) Bonus
Fast Track Permitting
Municipal Building Resolution
• Between 2005-07 over 70 grants up to $5000 were awarded from Chicago Dept of the Environment.
ext
int
gravel
trad
• Favored Practice; allows developers 3 extra ft2 per ft2 of green roof that covers a minimum of 60% of the roof.
• Passed in 2005; requires all city owned • Faster construction permitting process buildings to install Green Roofs when reenabling developers with green roof project roofing or on new buildings. proposals to easily aquire necessary permits for building. Indicators of Success: • Supports and encourages developers to Over 130 roofs since 1996. include living roofs in their proposals.
Roof type Annual runoff for various types of roofs as a percentige of the total annual rainfall (from cummulative of existing literature, compiled by J. Mentens et al., Landscape and Urban Planning 77 (2006) 217-226).
Indicators of Success:
1. Implement Fast Track Permitting and FAR Bonus Incentives, Municipal Building Resolution and research funding options for Berkeley’s own Green Roof Grant Program.
Over 600 roofs (7 million ft2) in just 5 years.
2. Incorporate green roof technologies into Berkeley’s RECO and CECO (Residential and Commercial Energy Conservation Ordinances, part of Climate Action Plan). 3. Include list of green roof benefits and strategies on all seismic retrofit packages for unreinforced masonry buildings.
NEW MUNICIPAL INSTALLATIONS: Berkeley High School Roof Gardens
Berkeley
University of California Berkeley
Berkeley Marina
4. Federal money for seismic retrofits could incorporate green roofs a modest cost requirement to achieve beneficial environmental effects. Such a program could become a model for all California cities participating in state mandated retrofit programs.
Rockridge Emeryville
Ingrid. “Policies for Living Roofs and Rainwater Catchment.” Bay Localize. www.baylocalize.org/ projects/rooftop/policies.
Cisterns technology could retain over 1 million gallons annually, preventing 70% of runoff.
DESCRIPTION
Kensington
Hybrid Installation consisting of: • Intensive Green Roof Organic Vegetable Garden • Extensive Green Roofs with native wildflowers and grasses
Albany
COST
Based on California Academy of Sciences Installation: 126,345 ft2 x $17 per ft2 = $2,147,865 Total Additional Factors: Integrated Cisterns, Vegetable Plantings, Weight Load Determination and Potential Retrofit. *Ideal Installations on well-fit city roofs needing replacement
New Software would require very simple and inexpensive modifications. The same programmers could be utilised to further simplify the algorythmic additions to the existing code.
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Simplified Formula: [Installation] + [Maintenance] - [Watershed mgmt costs] - [Energy use costs] - [Replacement costs for replacing traditonal roof ] = net benefits of installations
FINANCING
Berkeley already has an online solar roof program. Modifications would allow residents to:
• Recovery Act Funding • Grant from City of Berkeley • Grant from NIH or programs combatting childhood obesity • Model could be exported to schools across the country
• View existing green roof installations • View their own roof • Calculate possible installation size correlated with annual energy bills • Choose from intensive or extensive • Determine tax rebates and incentives available • Determine if their building is due for a seismic retrofit • Choose from a list of available installers
Intensive Green Roof Vegetable Garden Installations
Bicycle Parking
Grants: • Available for demonstration projects • Clean Water Act Section 319 • Department of Housing and Urban Development Community Development Block Grant program
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS
Berkeley General Plan
Federal Capitalization Provides Initial Funding Wastewater Treatment
State Match Federal Capitalization Grants (20% of federal capitalization)
Low- st re Inte s Loan
nd Bo ds ee Proc
nd s Bo ed ce Pro
Re
L pa oan ym en ts
Estuary Protection Bond Holders Provide Additional Funding
Source: USEPA, Managing Wet Weather Green Infrastructure Municipal Handbook
ACTION
Climate Action Plan:
Climate Action Plan:
1. Require new developments to contribute to public open space.
1. Explore effects of modifying zoning regulations to allow new multifamily dwellings to replace on-site parking requirements with open space that contributes to stormwater management or GHG mitigation.
2. Promote tree planting, landscaping, and the creation of open space that helps restore natural processes.
2. Determine feasibility of incorporating high-performance landscape concepts into street repair projects and new steet development.
3. Develop incentives and financing tools to encourage green building in the private sector.
3. Examine potential fee structures for stormwater management as a property assessment as well as rebates based on mitigation measures.
4. Reduce the property damage associated with flooding and coastal erosion due to rising sea level.
4. Develop best practices to redesign open creek beds and adjacent park space to provide better flood control.
5. Encourage the development of green roofs by providing outreach and guidelines consistent with the building code.
5. Research combining green roofs with seismic retrofits. Investigate private green roof incentives, public policies, and web-based assistance software.
General Plan: Policy EM-27 Creeks and Watershed Management
General Plan:
1. Seek funding to acquire and preserve land within creek corridors for restoration.
1. Identify underutilized public space along creek beds for potential watershed restoration projects.
2. Establish pedestrian and bicycle paths along creekside greenways to connect neighborhoods and commercial areas. 4. Ensure that creek day-lighting proposals include appropriate landscaping, allow for adequate access, and carefully consider the urban context, the impact on existing recreational spaces, and the economic impact on the property and nearby properties.
Brower Center Friends of Strawberry Creek Friends of Five Creeks Urban Creeks Council UC Berkeley City Comminsioners Berkeley Unified School District East Bay Municiple Utility District Other COB Depts CalTrans
Nonpoint Sources
POLICY
3. Encourage day-lighting of creeks on public lands.
(Model: Ken Smith)
“Restore a healthy freshwater supply to creeks and the bay by eliminating conditions that pollute rainwater and by reducing impervious surfaces and encouraging swales, cisterns and other devices that increase infiltration of water and replenishment of underground water supplies that nourish creeks.”
Loans: USEPA Clean Water State Revolving Fund • Funds provided to states through EPA grants • States add matching funds which are then loaned to communities for water quality improvement projects • Low- or zero-interest, with flexible repayment terms • Repayments and interest are returned to the fund for future projects
Extensive Green Roof Installations
Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: Conclusions
300 Feet
“Adequately fund sewer system improvements necessary to maintain water quality in natural areas and reduce public health hazards.”
DYNAMIC DESIGN
Incentives:
Green Roofs Grant Program
WEB-BASED ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Action: Modify existing SolarMap Software for Green Roofs
Stormwater Fees: • To property owners based on lot size, so those who create the greatest runoff incur the greatest cost • Discounts and credits can be provided to property owners who implement stormwater management and reduction measures, such as rainwater collection and rain gardens • Assistance programs for low-income residents
Y
ACTON
(Source: all existing conditions photos, Ken Smith)
- Large park with open creek - Middle class neighborhood - Mixed land use - Near University Avenue commercial corridor
Incentives: 25
FUNDING
CONTEXT MAP
±
Case Study: Portland
Tree UNIVERSITY
Strawberry Creek
Parking Lanes (Pervious Pavement)
Case Study: Chicago
PROPOSALS POLICY
Vegetated Swale
300 Feet
50
0
Cisterns reduce runoff by collecting rainwater. This water can be used for irrigating gardens on the ground as well as the roof.
0
Implementing Action: Encourage the development of green roofs by providing outreach and guidelines consistent with the building code. Can Berkeley do more?
http://gulfcoastrenewableresources.com/rainwater_harvesting
• Living Roof retains 2 million gallons of rainwater annually • Prevents 70% of runoff • Runoff is collected in basement-level cisterns and reused for roof irrigation • No potable water used to irrigate roof
300 150
75
Cons: $20/ft2 or more More Maintenance
California Academy of Sciences “Living Roof” (above left):
MC GEE
KING JR
MC KINLEY
BANCROFT
MARTIN LUTHER
Pros: Less Runoff Significant Carbon Sink Thicker Insulation Layer Can Grow Food
ALLSTON
JEFFERSON
ALLSTON
GRANT
KING JR
MC KINLEY
MC GEE
JEFFERSON
MARTIN LUTHER
SPAULDING
CALIFORNIA
NORTH VALLEY
SACRAMENTO
ACTON
BONAR
WEST
ROOSEVELT
ADDISON
Culverted Stream Open Stream
http://www.canpages.ca/blog/?p=402
Intensive Cons: More Runoff Less Significant Carbon Sink
GRANT
Tree UNIVERSITY
Pros: $10-30/ft2 Less Maintenance
SPAULDING
http://sistersastray.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/p4262965.jpg
http://www.greenroofs.org/baltimore_files/awardsimg2008/hiresimgs/CAS_Hill.jpg
Extensive
ADDISON
CALIFORNIA
300 Feet
UNIVERSITY
SACRAMENTO
0
± BONAR
300 150
Strawberry Creek
POLICY Berkeley Climate Action Plan
Improved Stormwater Mgmt: Runoff Reduction
NORTH VALLEY
Zoning regulation requires off-street potentialy superfluous parking at multifamily residences, contributing to a lot of impervious surface
WATERSHED BENEFITS 100
EXISTING TREE COVER
- Portland Water Pollution Control Laboratory - Bay-Friendly Landscaping and Gardening
Compacted subgrade
CURB EXTENSIONS
Cistern Technology
• Creek is mostly below-grade, passes beneath street and homes • Area prone to flooding • Traffic volume is low, no traffic between Bonar St and West St • Street is a designated bike path but no facilities exist for cyclists.
300 Feet
The Allston Way corridor is primarily residential and connects downtown civic buildings with schools and parks at the west end.
- The Ray and Maria Stata Center, Cambridge - Musee du Quai Branly, Paris
Base course
WEST
MC GEE
0
Left: Terraced vegetated bioswales filter pollutants, recharge groundwater and form a habitat and neighborhood focal point. Right: Vegetated bioswale filters parking lot pollutants. (Source: Landscape Architecture magazine; photos: City of Portland).
Light weight-load, low traffic
Heavy weight-load, high traffic DIAGRAM
KING JR
ALLSTON
JEFFERSON
MC KINLEY
GRANT
CALIFORNIA
BONAR
Commercial
NORTH VALLEY
Vacant
SPAULDING
Park
SACRAMENTO
ACTON
Government
EXISTING STREETSCAPE
DYNAMIC DESIGN
Fast-track permitting: Projects that trap at least 95% of stormwater from impervious surfaces will be reviewed in 5 days.
RAIN GARDENS
MARTIN LUTHER
ROOSEVELT
ADDISON
Multi-Family Residential
PRECEDENTS
Philadelphia, PA
The city reimburses up to 50% credit for practices that address stormwater quality and 50% to 100% credit for practices that address stormwater quantity.
GREEN GUTTERS
Y
BANCROFT
Flow-through Planter
Minneapolis, MN
The county levies a stormwater utility assessment as a property tax line item. Rebates are available for a variety of mitigation projects.
ACTON
UNIVERSIT
Community
WEST
KING JR
MC GEE
GRANT
MC KINLEY
JEFFERSON
SPAULDING
CALIFORNIA
SACRAMENTO
BONAR
NORTH VALLEY
WEST
ACTON
MARTIN LUTHER
ROOSEVELT
Open Stream
Land Use
Single Family Residential
Parking Lane (Pervious Pavement)
Montgomery County, MD
ROOSEVELT
Culverted Stream
Flow-through Planter
Example
FLOW-THROUGH PLANTERS
DESIGN
±
Strawberry Creek
ITY
T BANCROF 300 150
Create non-monetary incentives via improving quality of life, property values, and business profits.
CONCEPTS AND PRECEDENTS
LAND USE
ALLSTON
Community-based
Compensate developers or property owners for incorporating green street and parking lot elements into their project.
2,000 Feet
Source: City of Berkeley GIS data
ADDISON
Reward-based
Require developers or property owners to employ green street and/or parking lot strategies or their on-site stormwater management fee will be levied or increased.
Open space & livability: • Provide wildlife habitat and visual enhancements • Contribute to livable streets
• Filter pollutants
Source: City of Berkeley website
Mandate-based
Image courtesy US EPA
• Flood zone along corridor will be impacted by global climate change
1951: Due to wet season sewage overflows, the city required disconnection of roof, basement and yard drains
UNIVERS
• Incentives can be used to encourage pervious pavement for residential parking.
Allston Way
Type Strategy
PERVIOUS PAVEMENT: Comparing Materials
PERVIOUS PAVEMENT: Potential locations
Policy EM-27 Creeks and Watershed Management • Seek funding to acquire and preserve land within creek corridors for restoration • Establish pedestrian and bicycle paths along creek-side greenways to connect neighborhoods and commercial areas. • Encourage day-lighting of creeks on public lands • Ensure that creek day-lighting proposals include appropriate landscaping, allow for adequate access, and carefully consider the urban context, the impact on existing recreational spaces, and the economic impact on the property and nearby properties
DEMONSTRATION CORRIDOR
BERKELEY STORMWATER HISTORY
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
Annual runoff (%)
ck
Reduce the property damage associated with flooding and coastal erosion due to rising sea level. • Create greenscapes for retention and infiltration of stormwater • Plant trees and maximize permeable surfaces to reduce runoff
Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
THE PERFECT STORMWATER: Green Streets DEFINITION & KEY ELEMENTS
Promote tree planting, landscaping, and the creation of open space that helps restore natural processes. • Improve stormwater quality and retention • Promote green roofs
Area vulnerable Area vulnerabletoto 4.9 ft 4.9 ft sea sealevel levelrise rise
r Marin C eek
Instructors: Kim Suczynski and Gil Tal [IN]CITY 2010, CED, UC Berkeley
BERKELEY CLIMATE ACTION PLAN
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS Recreating natural systems can play an integral role in improving Berkeley’s stormwater management and mitigating the effects of Climate Change. Climate Change Berkeley BerkeleyCreeks Creeks Bla
+
THE PERFECT STORMWATER Marlene Lopez-Perez, Caroline Orsi, Ken Smith, Mariel Steiner, Andrew Tate
2. When implementing bicycle plan, consider retrofitting streets with high performance landscapes and safe routes for pedestrians and cyclists 3. (See #1 above) 4. Conduct cost-benefit analysis of replacing or augmenting water-intensive landscapes with high-performance and drought-tolerant alternatives Integrate univeral design concepts into future creek-side park projects to support greater flexibility of use and access.
BENEFIT ONMENTAL VIR EN
ECONOM IC
Decrease runoff volume and temperature
Carbon sinks reduce GHG
Reduce water management costs
Prevent flooding
Vegetation reduces heating and cooling costs
Improve water quality
Decease dependence on mechanical solutions High-performance landscapes Improve public health Reduce air & water pollution Neighborhood
Protect habitat
beautification and pride
Increase access to green space Create safe bicycle & pedestrian routes Intimate spaces encourage socialization
EQUITY
+
THE PERFECT STORMWATER
creek + overflow basins vegetated bioswales observation bridges
addison ‘green street’
Dynamic Design
new bicycle parking
an urban park naturally treating runoff for a polluted creek
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
balancing re-development + ecological remediation
+
474-car parking silo
third street ‘t’ line
former science pg+e elementary plant school
re-created islaisita creek
underground parking
new civic area
restored wetland
muni maintenance yard
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION new new ferry hotel pier pier 80
market + community garden
a creek-side, walkable community with no cars + no grid
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
+
construction details
fern grottos under bridges
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
paving details
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
an urban mixed-use environment in nature
corporate complex
steven holl architects; photo: mason white
topos, bureau alle hosper, berrie van elderen, marike oudick; photo: pieter kers
high-density housing
public parks + preserves
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
space utilization
1,854,650 square feet new development 1,973 parking spaces
hotel + retail (509,813 s.f.)
r+d + office (540,486 s.f.)
native plantings
residential (614,161 s.f.)
civic + parking (190,190 s.f.)
wetland plantings
landscaped gardens
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
landfill exhibit
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
movement
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
Source: City of San Francisco
existing third + illinois street corridors
10’-0”
28’-0”
24’-0”
28’-0”
10’-0”
15’-0”
7’-0” 6’
100’-0”
24’-0”
6’
7’-0”
15’-0”
80’-0”
third street (typical section)
illinois street (typical section)
a new street configuration
restricted access 10’-0”
20’-0”
restricted access 10’-0”
5’
variable width islaisita creek
5’
10’-0”
20’-0”
10’-0”
restricted access = emergency, service + transit vehicles + resident loading only
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION
bicycle parking garages
stop with 1/8 mile radius walking distance
muni ‘t’ line 474-car garage new transport architecture, ingenhoven architekten; photo: arup associates, christian richters
new transport architecture, vmx architects; photo: jeroen musch
vehicular traffic
+
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION vehicular emergency + service vehicles, taxi, + stickered residential (for drop off + pick up only) emergency + service access only traditional road
pedestrian pedestrian only illinois street + bay trail bicycle routes
transit the ‘revolution’ hybrid transit connects hotel + neighborhood with muni, bart + caltrain muni ‘t’ line ferry services to downtown s.f., east bay + marin county water taxi
+
‘SCAPE
natural habitats + agricultural remnants in sprawl
+
‘SCAPE
agricultural heritage providing food for those in need
+
‘SCAPE
+ canal reclamation re-establishing habitat
+
TENSION
balancing ecology‘s struggle with settlement
+
TENSION
finding beauty in the conflict
+
TENSION
+
TENSION
nature appears to flow through structures
+
VERTEBRAE
potential parks paving bayfront parking lots
+
HAPPY MEDIUM
emotional remediation from landscape exposure
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HAPPY MEDIUM As artists, we choose a medium in which to work because it captures our souls. We surrender to encroaching fascination as the medium takes hold deep inside and won’t let us go. There is a warm, scintillating sensation that gently moves and takes root somewhere between our eyes, our hearts and our hands. Oil paints, for instance, entice us with their rich texture, explosive color, and luscious ability to merge and blend into new obliging subjects. The canvas and brushes may guide us into the representational or the abstract. Graphite pencils and other drawing instruments give us flexibility in weight, refinement and value. We may choose to smudge our charcoals, dig in with our conte sticks, or surgically place fine lines into the objects of our creation. Sculpture gives us a third dimension. Our works may choose to reach out to us or retreat in defense or into hiding. They give us the ability to circumnavigate, to look inside or communicate with the touch of our fingertips. Photography allows us to interpret objects that exist in finite dimensions in time and space. Like the ethereal, the moment is fleeting, never to be exactly the same again. What we choose to do with our capture of that place and time is up to our interpretation. The beauty of these media is they are in a state of stasis, reflecting moments of intuition, expression, and emotion. The sensual texture of the oils, the precision of the drawing instruments, the tactile character of the sculpture and the encapsulation by the lens lay in wait for the interaction of their creators. The medium of the gardener is a master negotiator, for it belongs to and awaits no one. It teases us with all the characteristics of these other forms of expression. The artist in us, using simple or elaborate circles, triangles and other geometric figures, attempts to capture this medium and project it into a proposed living landscape. We are forever contemplating its images in different seasons, and in different stages of its life cycle. As our medium negotiates with its true environmental masters, it pulls us into a relationship of perpetually changing emotions. It may choose to frustrate us like a difficult child, and just when we feel we can take no more, it teases us with the beginnings of something potentially phenomenal. It has the ability to control and mesmerize us for long periods of time. It can make or break our mood with a glance. It forces patience upon our impetuous and distracted existence. How lucky are the artists who have little control over their medium? How lucky are we to choose a craft in which we are eternally compromising with our organic canvases as they stubbornly take their preferred shapes, twisting and twining with their neighbors as they lure in other biota for their own selfish purposes? Without us, they would continue to change and flourish, never giving a second thought to those who purportedly gave them life. Yet their pull on our souls intensifies over time leaving us helplessly infatuated. They erotically charge every sense.