T H E
P A R L I A M E N T
F r a c t a l U n i t P E H
C i t y
4 0 2 : P o r t f o l i o
K E R
N E N G
9 0 9 1 9 0
Contents. 01
02
03
04
Site
Masterplan
Outline Brief & Design Statement
Parliament Design
Brief introduction to Rome and eplaining the current condition of the site with the support of statistics and data.
Explain the proposed masterplan to the site given with a scenerio of fractal city.
To show the practical value of building scale, capacity and client to support the project.
Propose a new type of parliament typology to resolve the possible future of the city.
01
02
03
04
Site
Masterplan
Outline Brief & Design Statement
Parliament Design
Rome Description
01
Site Overview
09
Project Description
20
Fractal City to Parliament`
27-28
Rome Map
02
Scenerio
10
Client & Objective
21
Scenerio
29
Site Description
03-05
Masterplan Background
Site Location
22
Meaning of Circle
30
Density and Compactness
06
Masterplan Formation
14
Site Describe
23
Inspiration
31-35
History of the Site
07
Fractal City
15-16
Project Evaluation
24
Progress Model
36
Site Photos
08
Future Influence
17-18
Project scale
25
Programme
37-39
Unit 401 to 402
19
Appearance & Materiality
26
Design Development
40-44
Computationl Strategy
45-46
Development Process
48
Plan, Section & Elevation
49-76
Axonometric
77-80
Technical Strategy
81-85
Environmental Strategy
86-90
Conclusion
91-93
Site
ROME
ANCIENT ROME CITY
Rome, a heady mix of haunting ruins, awe-inspiring art and vibrant street life, one of the world’s most romantic and mysterious city. With nearly 3000 years of ad hoc urban development, Rome's cityscape is an exhilarating spectacle. Ancient Monuments, Basilica and one of the most advanced invention during rome empire time, aqueducts can be found easily when you travel around in rome.
The city of Rome was the capital city of the civilization of Ancient Rome. It was located near the west coast of central Italy. Today, Rome is the capital of the country of Italy. The city started out small, but grew as the empire grew. At one point there were over 1 million people living in the city during ancient times. The city was center of power in the world for over 1000 years.
Fountain
Ancient City Rome Site 7
Bath
Drinking water
Ancient Romans constructed complex hydrological systems known as aqueducts. These aqueducts traveled great distances and overcame geological and civil engineering hurdles to accomplish magnificent engineering feats with minimal technologies.
1
TERMINI
ROME : SITE 7
2
Termini
Mausoleum of Gordiani
Terme Eleniane
Aqua Felix
The site is located outside of the city centre. The area is surrounded by train track which direct link to Termini 2km away. Site 7 is small yet isolated site while a train service station is juxtaposition to the site. The surrounding of the site ios mainly residential. However, it was a compact neighbourhood compare to the subject site.
Colombari Via Di Taranto
Site 7
Ancient City Rome
3
Site Photo
The Site is located in a residential neighbourhood. Beside the site, a train service station is situated on flat ground. Aqua felix crossing from the site and link to the other part of the city.
4
The Site Site 7, an isolated area surrounded by the busy main road and train trail giving the feeling of segregation from the surround neighbourhood. Via Casilina Vecchia and Vel del Mandrione are the only access to the site. A gigantic aqueduct (Acqua Felice) cut through the whole longitutinal area which provide another idea of fragmentation. The building settlement in the area can be divide into formal and informal formation while many of them had invade the aqueduct.
5
Density and compactness of Rome Rome is an extensive and complex city in which it is difficult to conduct comparative analyzes between the parts that compose it through common parameters. The study of urban form by means of density and compactness allows a rigorous classification of the types of urban fabric present and their distribution in the city. Density is the most commonly used parameter in planning to manage the type of urban neighborhood you want to achieve.
SITE 7
GSI ('Ground space index') map of the study area
This mapping shows the values of the area occupied in the plant by the building and the total area built. To obtain these values, a sufficiently detailed vector mapping was used that also included the number of floors in each building. From the result, we can notice that the SITE 7 is relatively low density compare to the city center due to its remote situation.
SITE 7
FSI ('Floor space index') map of the study area
This methodology aimed at dividing the analyzed area into smaller sectors in order to study the distribution of the different urban forms in the city of Rome. This mapping shows the compactness of the SITE 7 is less than the surroundind site. The SITE 7 has less number in building storey and shorter in buiding height. Hence, the site is less populated.
6
Site Photo Bridge Entrance The entrance to the site is limited, one of the entrance is through the bridge above the train track.
Narrow Roadway Due to the site is a small and compact. the road is sacrifice to build more houses.
Aqueduct Aque Felix is the main element in the site. The aqueduct seperate the site into 2 area.
Arches as house The residents use aqueduct as their private premise.
Surrounded by Railway The site is isolated by the Light railway. The railway will direct to the main train station.
8
Heatmap of movement
Mobility Main route in site Access to site
Heatmap of movement
The via del mndrione and via casilina vecchia have relatively less pedestrian circulation movement compare to outside of the area 7. This is also due to the less population density of the site.
Boundary Railway Boundary
History of Site Formation Aqua Felix
Acqua Felice, which carried dcqua delice (happy water) to Rome in medieval times, has been transform into a group of dwelling by bombed-out families.
Rough shelters were built within the arches of aqueducts to accomodate many famillies as a temporary shelthers after WWII.
Via del Mandrione runs along the remains of the Roman Acqua Felice aqueduct, between Via Tuscolana, Via Casilina and the railway.
Formal formation Informal formation
7
Site Model
The site model is create by the milling machine. So, the level of contour and building height can be produce precisely.
Masterplan
Site
Overview
The site is located in the city of Rome, Italy and sit at the area that next to the Via Casilina Vecchia and Vel Del Mandrione.
Rome , Italy
Roma
Via Casilina Vecchia Via Del Mandrione
UNIT 401 PROJECT
9
Scenerio Background
ROME
People start seeking for independence
Top 30
fastest shrinking city
Shrinking
Fragmentation
Over population
Hypothesis
Fractal City Fragmentation
world
Fragmentation
Italy
Fragmentation
Rome
Isolated Site
Scenerio Development In Future
Fractal City
“When Big Is Small; and Small Is Big”
City within City
UNIT 401 PROJECT
10
UNIT 401 :
The Masterplan The fractal city is highly compactness with diffent combination of urban elements with interconnect links between the buildings. The scenerio is foreseen to city within towers or even city within a floor to overcome the overpopulation of the area. “It is both complex and simple, open and closed, big and little,� wrote by Robert Venturi bring out the key idea of fractal city.
UNIT 401 PROJECT
11
Masterplan Background Fractal city is a fragmented city that mimmicked the city elements of Rome. The city is reflecting the parts of Rome that Big is small and small is Big. People from Rome citywouldn’t feel different inside the fractal city. The intention of the city is to overcome the problem of overpopulation. With the using of fractal concept, the city can will continue fragmentate infinitely to become a smaller city and solve overgrowth issue. The city itself will keep replicate the urban elements to fulfill the needs of citizen.
URBAN ELEMENT
URBAN ELEMENT
CITY CITY
URBAN ELEMENT URBAN ELEMENT
SITE
URBAN ELEMENT URBAN ELEMENT
CITY
REPLICATION
REPLICATION
UNIT 401 PROJECT
12
Fractal City The Fractal city is more compact and higher density of polution than other part of the Rome city. As the surrounding context is residential neighbourhood, The floor level of the building will be relatively lower compare to the fractal city. The city will slowly spread to the empty ground (Train Service Station) beside to increase the development.
UNIT 401 PROJECT
13
Masterplan Formation
crowded neighbourhood
informal formation
formal formation Stagnation area
existing site condition
1
The existing site is an isolated residential area surrounded by train trail and split by a tall aqueduct
over blooming
3
city adaptation
future building ‘up’
2
The exisiting building will extend up to overcome the overpopulation.
The tall building meet its limit. The new structure start to growth repetitively.
4
A new city is formed. New urban elements invented to adapt the new fractal city formation.
UNIT 401 PROJECT
14
Fractal City Radical Post-modernism & Geometric Driven City The city is design with highly geometry structure and give a whole new idea of ornamentation and symbolism in post-modernism urbanism, as well as a new style in architecture. The city is full of the replication of urban elements.
DWELLING
COURT
OFFICE
PLAZA
INSTITUTION
BASILICA
ENTREPORT Urban Elements ‘Symbolism’
TRIUMPH
TOWER
ENTERTAINMENT
TRANSPORTATION
COMMERCIAL
The city is create in the way of complex behaviour. However, It is follow the way of local community and future urbanism. The idea start from the existing building, then its sprawling uncontrolable due to the overcrowded population in the city. Connection is happen between different programme of activaties spaces. It helps to create a whole new city in an existing city.
UNIT 401 PROJECT
15
Fractal City
VIew towards the City of Rome
UNIT 401 PROJECT
16
Future Influence As most of the city in the future is predicted to face overpopulation issue, the concept of fractal city is proposed to other parts of the world to resolve the problem. The fractal city can create more city within the city to cater high number of city population.
Fractal City Source: https://citygeographics.org/2016/04/04/environment-planning-featured-graphic-world-city-populations-time-series-map/
UNIT 401 PROJECT
17
Future Influence
Fractal City Future Fractal City
Source: https://citygeographics.org/2016/04/04/environment-planning-featured-graphic-world-city-populations-time-series-map/
UNIT 401 PROJECT
18
From Unit 401 to Unit 402 From the Unit 401 master plan which is the fractal city, the idea of infinite continuos can be part of the concept for the Unit 402 project. As the city is design in a new typology, it will be begin with mess. So, a new form of sovereignty is needed to control the development. A parliament is one of the choice that suitable for the project Unit 402.
UNIT 401 PROJECT
19
Outline Brief & Design Statement
The Parliament The Fractal city is a miniature of the big city of Rome. A new Idea of Parliament architecture is present to show the new form of power. The building consist of continuous access, spiralling up through the building, each lined with shops, gallery and offices. It is modified in terms of its horizontal and vertical components so improved links can be made both the formal and informal spaces works together. The outcome is a better mix of public and private along with an increased density and complexity. The project acts as autonomous as the city and its parts: all essential functions of urban life—traffic, live, work, learn and relax—are unified. The project develops itself vertically with the superposition of its elements and can be read as a continuation of hybrid/ mixed-use concepts and building typologies. The proposed project is a new parliament of the fractal city. The Council of Representatives building is formed in the shape of a circle: a strong, simple geometry of great architectural power and lineage. In this context as an image of the State, it is a symbol of convergence and stability. A circle has no one elevation, presenting the same face to all. Divergent axes are co-ordinated and brought into agreement. The building’s circular plan echoes the shapes of the hemicycles within – themselves a geometry of agreement – and allows views out in all directions from the generous perimeter areas.
“more open, less static.”
Private
EDUCATION
Public
TRADING
EDUCATION
PLAZA
OFFICE
SPORT
COUNCIL
SHOPPING
20
The Client
The client for this project is the individual government of the fractal city . The Client is form by the local residents and the member of Parliament.Due to the site unique isolated position and function of building,the new government is client of its own, they understand the overcroed issue of the site and know how to solve it with a fractal way. A new form of Parliament giving a new typology of architecture where give a f’re. Besides, Another potential client for the project is being commisioned by the current Rome government, SPQR, supported by the local communities. Shrinking of the city is a serious issue for Rome. The city within building can be pioneer model to solve the overpopulation for the city and slowly spread to other part of cities.
The Objective
The proposed project is a new parliament of the fractal city. Parliament, “the place where the power of the people has found its home,” “The idea of democratic legitimation of power is so widespread today that no nation can do without building such a place, at least in name, for a representative popular assembly,” described commissioner Dr. Christian Kühn. The main purpose of proposing a new parliament at the site is to reduce the conflict of the citizen in a extremely high density and compact city. In this city, a true democracy government will form while all the members and ministers is decide by the locals. To achieving an open, transparent and fair government, this formal building should not be a controversial building. It should have high level of access and public can supervise the government. The parliament is not only a space for formal politics place, its also a place where citizen can engage and treat it as a public space.
F R A C T A L C O U N C I L LOGO OF FRACTAL COUNCIL
Via Casilina Vecchia
Train Service Station
Via Del Mandrione
21
Why this location? This location is near to the city centre and adjacent to a train station. it is propose to be a starting point of the new typology city. Besides, the location can become a city centre inside Fractal City due to its center coordination.
MASTERPLAN BOUNDARY PROPOSED SITE AREA
22
Site Describe
Environment
Environment
Problem
Train Stop
Access
Compact neighbour building
There is a lot of trainstop beside the fractal city which will gradually transform into transportation hub in the future. It is a good opportunity for citizen of fractal city to link the other parts of the world.
Via Casilina Vecchia & Via Del Mandrione is the only access to the Fractal city. Well accessibilty will help in the project development.Hence, it is a great advantage that subjected site is selected beside the main road (Via Casilina).
As the fractal city is a highly compact city. The selected site also surrounded by high dense urban structure. It is important to resolve the problem between the project and the surrounding context.
Environment
Environment
Environment
Solar
Highview
Center Point
According to sun path diagram, The solar angle in rome is around 50 degree in annual variation. The opening of the project can be design accordingly.
The floor level in Fractal City is higher than the surrounding.The selected site can have a better viewpoint to view the city.
Selected site is sit at the center point of the city. So, it undoubtedly become the focus in the city. The site location is easier for the government to control the city.
23
EVALUATION-VISION, DESIGN AND PRINCIPLE
PARLIAMENT A place of solidarity and democracy, or a symbol of an opaque bureaucratic machine?
The scheme of the project has been research and influenced by a number of studies. The main vision of the design is to create a paradigm that links the project and the built environment. The parliament building is to represent the idea of democracy in action, the future, freedom, peace, strong but deliberative power. The design communicates a distinct city identity founded on universal values that border on openness, freedom of space and an extroverted appeal to the public street.The site of the new Parliament conveys its significance as a public institution, where important civic events or public festival take place.
-PETER SMISEK
Spaces
R o o m A r e a ( m2 ) A m o u n t T o t a l A r e a ( m )
INFORMAL Exhibition
400
1
400
Gallery
210
1
210
Library
180
1
180
School
200
1
200
Commercial (Shop)
25
4
100
Bar
25
2
50
Cafe
25
1
25
Rooftop Garden
15
1
15
Chamber
500
1
625
Refreshment
50
1
50
The building features different function of programmes,including formal programmes(chamber, government office and etc.) & Informal programmes (library, gallery and commercial area). These are then supported by security and storage functions (MISC). Supporting spaces such as WC and service core included depends on the building requirement and overall layout.
Assembly Area
150
1
150
Press Conference
150
1
150
Core Foyer
120
1
120
Government Office
300
1
300
According to the design concept, These spaces is connected either using ramp, staircase or escalator. Hence, these area coulb be connected by a core lobby / atrium to allow people to interact and engaged. The main spaces in the building is debating chamber where parliament commitees and public debate conducts. This spaces have to allow more than 100 participants to join the discussion.
Public Platform
200
1
200
Security Check
15
2
30
Security Office
25
1
25
Some of the area is strictly considered as the private space like government office. But people from upper or lower floor can have visual connection between the user. Most of the spaces is build with the glass wall to promote the transparency and easier accessibility.
Security Machinery
50
1
50
Washroom
Various
6
200
The design consist fundamental democratic values such as openness, transparency and public co-determination. The political concepts within a democratic society is translated into the design concept: Different building elements are not opposed, but coexist in one building ensemble with a contemporary aesthetic that allows visualizing new functions and meanings. The parliament thus reveals all its facets: it is at once a tool of democracy and a tribute to it, an enlightening expression of the democratic order, a precious and yet familiar space, where all citizens will recognize the best of their culture and its values. The principle of the project is to reveal the mysterious veil of political parliament and reduce the distance between democracy and bureaucratic.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
2
FORMAL
MISC
Approximate Total Area
3080
24
SCALE AND MASSING 66 m
Site
66 m 51 m
Site
Site Elevation
66 m
Site Plan
Site
Site 51 m
55 m
Approx. 3566 m 2
54 m
66 m
Site Sectional
As the fractal city is highly compact and high population density. Limited site area is given to design the project. The proposed building height is higher than the surrounding context to show its government power. However, to ensure the visual connection between the building user and people from street level, the facade of the building will design according to the angle. In addition, to achieve the environmental strategy, the building profile will be design according to solar angle and wind flow.
25
APPEARANCE AND MATERIALITY
Plasencia Auditorium and Convention Centre/ Selgas Cano
The selected site surrounded by different properties of architectural references. It connsists the combination of wood, brick, concrete concrete to form the city from different urban elements. As a political purpose building, it would be unsuitable both structurally and materiality for a building at this scale and meaning. As the new parliament building iis needed to show the transparency and openness to the public.Materiality of the building is proposed to allow people look through from inside and outside of the building. Translucent or transparent material,e.g. ETFE and Polycarbonate is suitable to achieve this purpose. However, as this material is a secondary structure, a primary structure like steel frame or metal support needed to hold the ETFE membrane.
Air Mountain pavilion/ Aether Architects
The new parliament is a political building.The exposed steel frame can achieve the idea of ‘naked’ building where nothing is being covered just like the politic decision did not covered. The plastic membrane will be insulated and laminated coating to increase weather prove of the building. In addition, the main structure for the building is targeted to use lightweightt structure to allow the building to be build in shorter timeframe. The RC( reinforced concrete) slab with metal sheet to ensure the building stability and faster construction. As the building is design in sphere shape. The half reflectivity of the panel will reflect the sky and the people moving on the ground with 360 degree view. Hence, this properties will provide different apperance during dusk and dawn.
Magna Pavilion/ Atelier One
26
Parliament Design
Unit 401 to Unit 402
UNIT 402:
THE PARLIAMENT
UNIT 401: FRACTAL CITY
From the fractal city, the proposed project in Unit 402 is to design a parliament with radical approach to show the independence. The fractal also brings a meaning of infinite continuous, when big is small and small is big. The parliament building itself also contains city elements.The new parliament would not be a fully political building, the public will also be part of the key elements of the design,
27
Project 402
Rome City
Fractal City
Independence Building
Fractal City is like seeking for independence from the Rome city. The parliament is the building that show its independence .
28
Scenerio
FRACTAL INFINITE CONTINUOUS
Active & continuos
Stop & Stable
PARLIAMENT z x y
INFINITE
V=
EQUAL TO EVERYONE
4 πr3 3
CORE / CENTER
PERFECTION FULL CONTROL
EQUIVALENT
SAME CROSS SECTION
360 VIEW
29
Meaning of Circle
Circle Focal point . Core The Circle is a universal symbol with extensive meaning. It represents the notions of totality, wholeness, focus, infinity, unity, timelessness, the Sun, the Moon, the entire Universe. Circle is all about inclusion. It has its noticeable effect in our daily life, people sit in a circle for discussion, having dinner in a round table, or a concentration focus in religious activities. The circle is the power of bold and basic geometry. Ancient Greeks have based the design for their entire empires on the proportion of basic shapes and principles of geometry. Since then, architects and designers have been using circles as a way to give projects their own identity.
Source: https://www.yellowtrace.com.au/circles-in-architecture/
30
Inspiration
Pantheon, Rome The Roman Pantheon in its present state allows us a glimpse into the marvelous and stunning world of Roman architecture. The dome would have been gilded to look like the heavenly sphere of all the gods that the name Pantheon evokes. The oculus was an engineering gem of the Roman world. It boasts mathematical genius and simple geometry that today still impresses architects and amazes the eyes of casual viewers. The reason of choosing this as the precedent because the section & plan of Pantheon is a perfect circle. However, it cant be noticed from its exterior appearance. When people enter the Pantheon, it can feel an indescribable aura immediately. It mainly because of its perfect sphere form.
Cenotaph for Newton by Etienne-Louis Boullée For Boullée the sphere represented perfection and majesty, creating soft gradations of light across its curved surface and having an “immeasurable hold over our senses”. For Newton’s cenotaph a 500 ft diameter sphere is embedded within a three-tiered cylindrical base, giving the impression of a buried volume. Boullée smartly completes the figure of the sphere with a flanking pair of curved ramps. The reason of using the this masterpiece as precedent is because Boullee express the idea of forces. The sections begin to suggest a negotiation of forces, as the dome appears to attenuate or hollow out at the top and thicken towards the supports.
31
Plečnik Parliament by Jože Plečnik
Aronoff Guest House by Eric Owen Moss Architects
"A square and a colonnaded false façade" surrounding a "cylindrical main structure of two stories" would have been "surmounted by a tall, spirally tapering conical cupola." Inside, this would have been supported by "inclined columns," while "the cupola would have spanned the Parliament chamber." The Plečnik Parliament is a a radical intervention in the mid-20th Century of Jože Plečnik in mid-29th century. The radicalism leads me to use the idea as a reference of the project. We need to view it with a bit of humor as something we could do. Perhaps it may be more fruitful if the idea remains alive on paper and in our minds.
The guesthouse can be climbed on, examined and used as a viewing platform. It is accessible from all levels via a stair that runs along the perimeter of the house. It is also accessible internally, directly from the third floor. All levels may be accessed from the middle level lobby or from the exterior. The project – secured at the edge – combines sphere and cube, neither quite legible. So, placed precariously at the top of the slope; stabilized by the conical cut; a threat to roll as a sphere; re-anchored by the cube – the guesthouse – a stable instability. This precedent help me explore that a sphere architecture can be playful and more interesting by adding in different elements.
32
Sphere Influence. A lot of cotemperory building/ installation use spherical as a new idea of design typology. A sphere element gradually involving in modern architecture design.
33
25 CIRCLE PLANS -Archive of Affinities These plans demonstrate a forced relationship between unlike elements and, on the other, these plans lack any trace of rupture or artifacts of their collision. This is a paradoxical inversion of postmodern design, in which elements would be chosen for their contextual nature. These circular plan consist in wide range of design including religious, residential, commerical , or even master planning. The circular geometry design is supported with rich history and architectural theory.
34
The mapping is collaged by Barend Khoolhas, Project leader of OMA practice for the project x competition. The drawing is to analyse different properties that offer different suggestive objects. The idea of different sphere inside a large phere, The new volume creates an endless space that flows in its own atmosphere creating a world of its own. The idea answer the infinite possibilities of connection between unrelated spaces & volume.
Image Source: BK @ OMA - Barend Koolhaas. (2019). Retrieved from https://barendkoolhaas-
35
Progress Model Starting with the idea of infinite continuos, a perpetual motion machine represent the concept of never ending circulation in the building. The iron ball will continue moving around the machine without any obstruction.
Concept Model 1
Perpetual motion machine slowly translate into initial conceptual model that showing connection between different level and volume. The cube represent the possible spaces while the stick shows the connection.
Concept Model 2
A proper model that combine the concept and machine into a actual architectural model. This model mimmicked from ‘The New Babylon model’ by Constant Nieuwenhuys to shows a world without borders or constraints. People can feed from worl and able to play and travel at will. Concept Model 3
Perpetual Machine
A sphere contain the meaning of continuos motion. This concept model represent the potraying multiple layers of circle can tranfrom a two dimension circle to three dimension sphere model.
Concept Model 4
Concept Model 5
After a initial layout and section is set. As the model is difficult to handcrafted, a 3D print plastic model is create to understand the interior and connection from various spaces.
Progress Model 1
To test the idea of how a circulation travel from a individual space to another. A clay model is needed to prove the scheme is working. Start from this model, the form of a smaller pod inside a bigger structure is decided.
This model examine an idea of horizontal plane connect to vertical plane of circle that can form into architectural volume.
Concept Model 6
As a internal sphere is formed, a non-perfect sphere exterior will make the project more interesting. The contrast relationship between the exterior and interior will give the user a different feeling. Another 3D printing model is printed to test the form.
Progress Model 2
The last progress model experiment the structure of the building. The intention of design is a floating sphere, so the core also act as the structure of the project.
Progress Model 3
36
Programme Planning
@
FORMAL
INFORMAL
The project start finding out the programme needed inside the building. Parliament building commonly conducts the formalised politics activities. The project is design in a radical approach, informalised activities is introduce to the building to increase the connection between government and publics. Selected programmes is choosen from wide range of activities to ensure the balance between formal and informal.
37
Programme Strategy
0 24
23
1
22
2
21
3
GOVERNMENT OFFICE
SPEAKER P L AT F O R M
20 20
4
ROOM FOR S TA N D I N G C O M M I T E E
RELIGION COMMERCIAL
19
5
SCHOOL
L I B R A RY
G A L L E RY
6
18
PRESS CONFERENCE
EAT 17
P U B L I C P L AT F O R M
16
15
REFRESHMENT
8
D E B AT I N G CHAMBER
9.00 AM
10
14 13
CONTINUOUS PERIODIC
7
PROTEST AREA
SHOP
12
11
‘The parliament’ is a politics buildings with radical approach.The programes inside the building are crossing and connecting together to create endless circulation. The programmes is seperate into continuos (daily) such as government office, library, commercial and gallery. In another hand, periodic programmes like meeting room and standing commitee room will be use occasionally. The chamber is a mixture of continuos and periodic programme, it can be use as auditorium depends on the availability.
38
Programme spaces
FORMAL Formal space is the space where politics activites conducted, where rules and behavior need to be follow.
Chamber
Press Conference
Government Office
INFORMAL Informal space is the public space where citizen can use the spce daily.
Gallery
Library
Shop Eat
CORE Core space is the connection space that link both formal and informal space. It is a space where most of the activities happerned.
Public Platform
School
Protest
Design development
The design start with the idea of perpetual machine where infinity movement is the key to support the idea. From the machine, a few design is create to study and prove the design directin. Therefore, infinite circulation in the building is the key idea that we extract from the machine.
PERPETUAL MACHINE
PERPETUAL MACHINE MOTION AS PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN
40
PRECEDENT
Mercedes-Benz Museum / UNStudio The Mercedes Benz Museum intricately combines structure and content. The Museum is dedicated to a legendary car; its unique structure has been specifically devised to showcase a collection in which technology, adventure, attractiveness and distinction are merged. It is also a Museum for people to freely move through, to dream, learn, look and let themselves be oriented by fascinations, light and space. The interiror space consist a series of ramp escalator and staircase to create a endless journey inside the building.
41
INFINITE CIRCULATION The circulation inside the building will be connected by spiral ramps, escalator or Staircase to create the infinite effects.
OUT IN
PLAN OF 401 42
EAR CANAL
PARLIAMENT
LISTEN HEAR TAKE IN NOTICE
LISTEN TO OPINION TAKE CONTROL TAKE IN SUGGESTION DEMOCRACY//DICTATORIAL
43
Pod Precedent
Rome convention center, The Cloud by Massimiliano Fuksas
Gao Yang Mixed Development by Alsop Architects
Solent University, The Spark
44
Computational Strategy
1. Create a T-spline Sphere
2. Create another inner T-spline Sphere
3. Select surface using TsBridge
4. Canal is made
SOFTWARE : RHINOCEROS 5
T-SPLINE PLUGIN
TsBridge
45
Experiment process
Protoype 1 Single Core
Protoype 2 Multiple Core
Protoype 3 Mix Elements
Protoype 4 Adding Envelope
Protoype 5 Refine Structure
Development process
1
2
The site is selected
3
A small land that surrounded by compact neighbourhood. It is important to the connect context to the building.
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Programme spaces is placed according to the strategy and function.
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Translucent envelope covering the interior spaces and build the sphere form. The protruding structure is the government office spaces that direct the view to master city and Rome city.
Connect platform is build on aqueduct which utilise aqueduct as the link to surrounding building and context. Besides, the secondary entrance also enter from the platform.
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Project Aim
The city is build with high density population in compact site . It gradually become messy and chaos. So, a building with powerful authorities is needed to maintain and manage the city.
CHAOS
ORDER
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SITE PLAN SCALE 1:1000
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SITE PLAN SCALE 1:500
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Roof Garden
Government Office
Security Check
School Commercial
Library
Foyer Public Platform
Chamber
Exhibition
A
SECTION A-A
A
SCALE 1:200
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Government Office
School Commercial
Spiral Gallery
Public Platform
Chamber
Exhibition B
SECTION B-B
B
SCALE 1:200
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PLATFORM LOOKING DOWN
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EXHIBITION AREA
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DEBATING CHAMBER
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Building Formation
Library
Core Foyer
Security Check
Cafe
Academy
Chamber
Commercial
Spiral Gallery
Government Office
Service Core
CATALOGUE FOR PROGRAMES
FORMATION OF PARLIAMENT
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The complexity of elements inside showing a contrast relationship with exterior sphere geometry form. The space inside is connected to via the escallator, ramps, and staircase to provide infinity circulation.The grand entrance at ground floor is connected to the street level and the secondary entrance is conncected to the platform above the aqueduct.
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ELEVATION A
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ELEVATION B
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Access to the building
Secondary Entrance/ Exit
Main Entrance/ Exit
Second Entrance
Main Entrance
The main entrance at ground floor using the aqueduct arches as the entrannace to the building just like what people have utilise the aqueduct back to time. The Second entrance is connected to the platform on the aqueduct which can connect to the nearby building. This both entrance can help the engagement with the people at street level.
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LIGHTING EFFECT
DAY
NIGHT
The building is using the ETFE as the envelope material, So it can create different effect on the building itself to give the user or passer-by different feeling. During the day, the translucent properties allow people to view the movement inside the building partially. During the night, the building will glow dramatically and will be visible for miles across the city.
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City Lantern
Aerial view of building during the day
Aerial view of building during the night
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View of building during night toward Rome city
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Exploded Axonometric
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Structural Reference
The Cloud
The ‘Theca’ is the stunning outershell and façade of the convention Hall and Hotel, which has been made from a combination of metal, glass and re-enforced concrete. Inside the building, 7,800 square metres of new public space will play host to public and private conferences, exhibitions and large-scale events. Suspended inside the ‘Theca’ is the ‘Cloud’ - the interplay between these two spaces is essential to the complex – symbolising the connection between the city of Rome and the convention centre. The ‘Cloud’ is an independent cocoon-like structure that is covered in 15,000 square metres of highly advanced membrane fiber glass and flame-retardant silicone and is supported laterally at points by the ‘Theca’. It lies at the heart of the complex and is accessed by the ‘Forum’ – an artery walkway that fuses the two structures together. Inside the ‘Cloud’, five levels (supported by escalators and walkways) lead to a 1,800 capacity auditorium. In order to ensure that the ‘Cloud’ system does not interfere with the rest of the complex, the auditorium is clad in wooden cherry panels.
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Plasencia Auditorium & Convention Centre/ Selgas Cano
The entrance is on the urbanized street level, more than 17 meters above the lowest part of the building, using an orange gangway that arrives at a 12m deep vertical canyon in the same colour, where the views of the countryside, the spurs of the Gata Range, are accentuated. From here it is possible to move all around the central concrete shell, go up or down on a set of ramps and spiral stairs that mingle exterior and interior spaces. This is for two reasons, economy and expenditure. Economy by not climatising or using glass to enclose certain parts. Expenditure due to a crossing of spaces –in-out-in on account of the mixture of their climates.
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Technical Strategy - Fractal Parliament Spacecraft, golf ball, human face or giant lantern — among its neighbours, the new parliament in Fractal City calls many different associations to mind. In addition to a radical architectural concept and a contextual approach, the buildings have one important thing : the use of inexpensive materials. the structures appear to be anything but cheap. The main facade of the building is using a semi-permeable material, Etfe to brings out the concept and climate control.The skin was meant to veil the inner structure, yet leave it recognizable. The skin acts as a means of weather protection, as shading and to scatter the lighting after dark. As thermal insulation to the air-conditioned circulation areas, this outer membrane was complemented with single-layer glazing over the intermediate storeys to form a double-skin facade. The plastic is not the only material that looks improvised and lends this cultural edifice its sense of informality. The interlocking levels seem to flow visually into each other, providing a range of visual transitions between inside and outside, translucent and transparent.At dusk and dawn, the spaces shimmer through this semi-permeable membrane, and the building withdraws entirely into itself in the pitch-black surroundings. At the same time, separated from the outside by only the thin Etfe membrane, visitors will get the impression of moving in the open air. The Journey ended with the highest point of building, Rooftop garden where visitors can have a infinity view of the city. Since the site is in the compact city.The building was to be in contact with the ground as small an area as possible. Intermediate floors, ramps suspended on the outside and the broad cantilevered area are constructed with steel sections.Diagonal steel cables would be welded into the membranes, so that in the event of great wind loads and temperature changes, these do not sag as a result of stretching. By keeping the skin taut: despite the great temperature differences between day and night, summer and winter, the material was prestressed to its technical limits. In some bays, the membrane was omitted, so that an unfiltered view out through the panes of glass is left free. On the viewing balcony, one emerges into the open air. Playful elements inside building like the core that shimmer through in the darkness are additional attractions in the building skin.
ETFE MEMBRANE
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Structure Steel Frame is the Primary support that hold the ETFE and the building structure. The pattern is design according to the load while concern about the aesthetic appearance.
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Climate Rome
TThe wind rose for Rome shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction. Example SW: Wind is blowing from South-West (SW) to North-East (NE). Cape Horn, the southernmost land point of South America, has a characteristic strong west-wind, which makes crossings from East to West very difficult especially for sailing boats.
The "mean daily maximum" (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Rome. Likewise, "mean daily minimum" (solid blue line) shows the average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years. For vacation planning, you can expect the mean temperatures, and be prepared for hotter and colder days.
Source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/rome_italy_3169070
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Wind Flow Analysis
Individual Building
Building on Site
The curvature body of the building is good for the wind to flow through. It can reduce the turbulence effect to the surrounding and reduce the wind load.
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Environmental Strategy Energy Saving
Traditional
Curve Photovoltaic Panel
Curvature
Some of the Membrane will replace by PV panel to collect energy.The curvature sure can reduce the heat energy gain from the sunlight. Besides, the curvature also help to divert the wind flow to reduce turbulence.
Heating System/ Geothermal Heating & Cooling Ground Source Heating & Cooling System (GSHC) is an energy efficient heating central heating & cooling system that will be integrated into the proposed building. GHSC had four main components where: 1) Borehole ground loop 2) Chanelling Pipes 3) Heat Pump 4) Air Distribution Unit The following are the advantages of GSHC-Cost efficiency -Not Fueal Deliveries needed - Minimal maintainance required
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View of Parliament in the cities
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The new parliament is like a miniature of earth where the story start from fragmentation. We can imagine that from universe to earth, countries, states, province, site until the buildings, it is all about the replication of all the elements ; and it is the idea of FRACTAL,
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PARLIAMENT A place of solidarity and democracy, or a symbol of an opaque bureaucratic machine? -Peter smisek
The Meaning Is Redefined!
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Reference
LEARNING FROM LAS VEGAS BY ROBERT VENTURI
NEW BABYLON BY CONSTANT NIEUWENHUYS
THE REICHSTAG BY BERNHARD SCHULZ
ARCHITECTURE OF BODY POLITIC JOURNAL BY ROGER TYRELL,2019
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Physical Model
Physical Model
Physical Model