Module_4_Journal

DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2017 Mysterious Samurai Ka Fai Chan

823463 Lyle - Group One

1

2

3

4

Contents: 1.0 Ideation

1.1 Object: 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.2 Volume 1.3 Sketch design proposal Journal Reflection

2.0 Design

2.1 Design development introduction 2.2 Design proposal v.1 + v.2 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.1 + v.2 2.5 Prototype + Testing Effects Journal Reflection

3.0 Fabrication

3.1 Fabrication introdution 3.2 Design development 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2: horizontal, vertical and curved development 3.4 Prototype development 3.5 Prototype optimisation 3.6 Final Digital model 3.7 Assembly Drawing + Fabrication sequence 3.8 2nd Skin Journal Reflection

4.0 Reflection 5.0 Appendix 5.1 Bibliography 5.2 Credit

5

6

0.0 Introduction The material system I chose is the section and profile system. The system can provide the stable structural support but will also give a stuffy feeling of an object easily. Throughout the project, the design was strived to achieve implying the meaning of mystery, protection and proper connection with people by manipulating the panels in section and profile system to provide a more dynamic expression in this second skin design.

7

8

1.0 IDEATION The material system I chose to explore was Section and Profile system, studied through a 3D dinosaur puzzles model. The structure used in this dinosaur puzzles model inspired me to create 3 sketch designs.

9

1.1 OBJECT Measuring Methodology The 3D dinosaur puzzle model was photographed on a flat plane, which is perpendicular to the ground level. The photograph was then imported into AutoCAD and traced.

10

The physical dinosaur model was measured by tape measure.the data was then compared with the dimension measured by the AutoCAD so as to ensure the measurement accuracy.

11

DIGITAL MODELLING

PLAN

RHINO PROCESS 1. Import the AutoCAD tracing plan in Rhino 2. “Planar_Srf“ the puzzle pieces 3. Extruding Surface in 1mm on each pieces on the puzzles pieces map.

4. Connect all the puzzles pieces in correct rotation.

5. Boolean split the objects.

ELEVATION

12

DIGITAL MODELLING

13

1.2 OBJECT + SYSTEM ANALYSIS

There are 29 puzzles for assembling the 3D dinosaur model. The 3D dinosaur model can be divided into 3 parts: the upper part, core and the lower part.

14

Every puzzle has different numbers of gaps and the thickness of the wood puzzles is exactly the same as the width of those gaps. The gap is acting as an important role, functioning as both mortise and tenon at the same time. The deeper the gap is, the larger the resistance force to the torque.

By linking the puzzle gaps closely and tightly, the model can then withstand its own dead load and thus be stabilized.

15

1.3 VOLUME

Sketch Model Different from the skin and bone structure together with panel and fold structure, the section and profile system usually gives a sense of static and inanimate as it has to provide a stable structural support, like my dinosaur model. In order to create a more dynamic feeling on section and profile structure, I tried to create a sketch model to study how the section and profile structure can provide a more dynamic surface.

Inspired by the topography and the dinosaur model, I applied the section and profile structure to the model and create a fluctuating surface, which could provide a more dynamic feeling to an inanimate model.

16

Sketch Model Process

1.Draw first shape on a tracing paper, then place a new tracing paper on it to draw a similar pattern with little difference.

2. Finish all the drawings on tracing paper.

3. Place the tracing paper on a cardboard and cut it out.

4. Inspiring by the dinosaur model, 3 cardboard strips are cut and used as a columna vertebralis for structural support.

5. Place them together

6. Finall product

17

Sketch Design #1 Protection / Shield but Permeable

What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words]

Inspiration: The form is inspired by the 3D dinosaur puzzles. The strong dinosaur bones are strong enough to provide a sense of security. Gaps and space between the bones are retained to maximise the interaction between the human and the environment.

Scanned by CamScanner

Implementation: The bones are extended from the Columna vertebralis to surround the both sides of people but reveal the front of the people. The pivots at the back makes the system can not only be flexible to follow the body shape, but also increasing the body volume.

How does this respond to your personal space?

As people like to be close enough to obtain the comradeship but far enough away to stay avoid pricking one another, the bone like extension could give a great sense of protection to the weak sides of people, including the back of people. Moreover, the revealing front side also encourage the communication between the human being and the environment.

18

Sketch Design #2 Wave / Motion / Seamless / Hovering

What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words]

Implementation: A striated slat system is developed to surround the body. The geometry of the slats are radiused so as to create a dynamic wave surface and seamless landscape. Since the longitudinal axis emphasises the seamless surface, the continuous slate are arranged as a topography to give such a illsion.

However, the lateral views still offer striated glimpses into the body.

Scanned by CamScanner

How does this respond to your personal space?

Since the individual distance is not an absolute figure and it is varies with the relationship between the individuals, the fluctuating surfaces can help you to maintain a comfortable individual distance with others when spatial invasion occur. The convex surface of the two sides of the body help people to stay far enough away from a strange. Meanwhile, the concave surface in front of the body allow a closer friend to reach in.

19 Scanned by CamScanner

Sketch Design #3 Extendable / Protection

What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words] Scanned by CamScanner

Inspiration: The second skin should be able to be folded since people sometimes would be more open to the close friends but retain such a distance with strangers.

Implementation: The extendable rib sleeve can be folded mechanically. There is a handle placed near the shoulder, pull the handle when the rib sleeve is required to be folded and push the handle when the rib sleeve is required to be extended.

How does this respond to your personal space?

Every person would like to maintain a physical distance to reduce the prospect of unwanted social intercourse. When the personal space is invaded by the stranger, the expandable rib sleeve can provide a excessive physical distance to prevent the comfort zone being invaded.

When the users are staying in a comfort zone, the rib sleeve can be folded together.

20 Scanned by CamScanner

MODULE 1 REFLECTION

I think my sketch model has have a evenly better potential to develop into more dynamic and complex shapes, and I should make it in a more exaggerative way.

Both of my sketch design 1 and 2 have quite satisfactory implementations of the section and profile system and clearly suggest a volume. However, my sketch design 1 is actually limiting the human body movement. As a result, people who are using it may feel uncomfortable. Moreover, in my sketch design 3, it is quite interesting to apply a extendable system into the section and profile system. However, I should really think of how to utilize the section and profile system into the movement hypothesis in a feasible way and suggestion.

Regarding the Improvement in module 2, I should think of how people feel the space, do not override the user feeling by completing and developing my own idea only.

21

22

KaFai Chan (823463) Frank Song(836904) Edwin Zhu(825825)

2.0 DESIGN In this module, I worked with Frank Song and Edwin Zhu to design and develop the idea of second skins. We tried to utilize the ideas from our previous sketch design ideas and take further steps to develop our ideas, creating mystery to hide and revealing the parts we want to show. We used rhino to explore ideas and manufactured prototypes to test the effect.

23

2.1 Sketch Design Development Ka Fai: Supporting Structure The idea of making people close enough to obtain the comradeship but far enough away to stay avoid pricking one another has been carried to the second stage of design. The implementation form of the idea is from Ka Fai’s rib bone extension design. It can be a great support structure system to maintain the structure of the coming design and maintaining the personal space between outer environment the body.

Frank: Panels The idea of creating panels to protect people from increasing population in city and decreasing distance between people has been carried to the second stage of design. The arrangement of panels are arrayed in certain way to form a protective secondary skin.

Edwin: mask The idea of hiding half part of the facial expression and emotion has been carried to the second stage of design. The implementation form of the idea is from Edwin’s mask design. As people always have two faces and we would like to show the emotion which we prefer to show only, the mask could create a sense of mystery and retain the personal space behind the mask.

24

Refined Sketch Model

By combining our three ideas together from M1, the design stage is aimed at achieving the following outcomes: 1.The mask can create a sense of mystery by hiding half of the facial expression and revealing another for normal communication.

2.The panels arrangement could be extended from the face to the body, which create a sense of security of the body.

Edwin’s sketch model explored the system of profile and section, which is different of joints. Ka Fai’s sketch model explored the formation of a dynamic surface by using profile and section system.

By combining the two exploration ideas, a further development was conducted to form a dynamic surface by involving panels idea from Frank.

The structure is supported by section and profile system, the orientation of panels in different angles in layers provided a sense of gradual change in surface.

25

2.2 2nd Skin proposed design V.1

FRONT ELECATION

26

BACK ELECATION

SIDE ELECATION

PLAN

Description:

The first design is a mask with strips and the strips is extended from the body to the main body. The repetitive triangular strips along curved logs are placed as a signal of warning in order to keep other people away from distance, meanwhile, increasing the body volume. The extended outward triangle strips also provide a sense of safety to the people who are wearing it.

The mask is composited by irrational arrangement of strips.

The implication behind is to hide the irrational part of thinking of people but to express it through a second skin as a personal space.

Moreover, regarding the relation between personal space and the curved logs with repetitive triangle strips, people is always hard to predict the situations behind the back. With the extended outward triangle strips on the back, it could help people get rid of the sudden attack from the back.

27

2.2 2nd Skin proposed design V.2

FRONT ELECATION

28

BACK ELECATION

SIDE ELECATION

PLAN

Description:

The second design is a mask with panels and the panels is extended from the mask to the main body. The sheet with repetitive panels with regular shapes is regard as sturdy part of the second skin design which provide a sense of protection.

The mask is composited by rational arrangement of panels.

The implication behind is to hide the irrational part of thinking of people by showing a rational expression of patterns, with retaining personal space behind the mask.

Moreover, regarding the relation between personal space and the arrangement of the panels in body, the individual distance is various with the relationship between the individuals, people who wearing it can choose to use either with panels or no panels part to get along with others.

29

2.3 Precedent Research Use of Scales / Comfortable / Climate Defense

Japanese Samurai Amour

What is the concept of the precedent? [Maximum 5 key words] Description of precedent The precedent is the Japanese Samurai Armour. The Japanese armour was generally constructed from many small scales and plates made from iron or leather. The small scales and plates were then connected to each other by rivets and cord made from leather or braided silk. These armour plates in chain were usually attached to cloth or leather backing.

Moreover, the Japanese armour was designed to be light weight as possible as the samurai had many tasks including riding a horse, archery and swordsmanship. Moreover, the amour was usually brightly lacquered to protect against the harsh Japanese climate.

Concept 1: Using of scales By using iron scales and plates, it could provide an absolute defense from physical attack in war.

Concept 2: Comfotable Those chains of scales and plates were connected by leather rivets or silk cord, then fully attached to clothor leather backing. As a result, it could provide a comfortable wearing to users.

Concept 3: Climate Defense The amour was usually brightly lacquered to reflect intensive sunlight, stop strong wind or drain away water as water-proof membrane to protect against harsh Japanese Climate.

30

Precedent applied to design Panelling / Junction / Mysyery

How can you use this precedent to influence your design ?

Concept 1: Using of panels Inspiring by the precedent study, we designed to utilize the panel expression.

Instead of using scales and plates, we would like to create new scales-like panels for our second skin highlighting elements.

Concept 2: Junction In our precedent study, we discovered that those protective iron scales were connected by braided silk so that it can directly attached to human skin. However, it is just a protection but not personal space. Therefore, we refined the connection system as those panels are inserted into a serrated section profile.

As a result, it creates certain spaces between user and the panels. The retained space could then regard as personal space.

Iron Scales

Serrated Section

Concept 3: Mystery The function of Japanese Samurai Armour is undoubtedly providing an absolute defense in war. However, we are not going to provide actual armour and create a sealing up second skin design. Instead, we are going to make the panels permeable and arrange those panels in certain way to create a sense of mystery and retain certain personal space.

31

2.4 Design development - Version #1

Front Elevation

32

Right Elevation

Back Elevation

Isometric View

Design Process: Understand personal space The original design only concern people can use the part with panels to defense or to protect the individual space. When it comes to the version 1, we would like to keep the defensing idea together with increasing the body volume as personal space.

In the light of this, we decided to extend the panels from the face to the back through the columna vertebrails and then to the chest, adding vertically chains of panels to surround the body. It retains the personal space between the second skin and the human body.

Designing concept By using the section and profile system, we further develop an arrangement system as vertical chains of panels to surround the body. The panels are arranged in vertical chains to surrounded the body, making the extension from the face directly to the body which gives a sense of protection.

The partly exposed space allow the body communication with the outer environment and increasing the body volume. The arrangement of the panels is not completely conceal the body but the angles that the panels oriented still does not allow people directly look inside the body,therefore, it is still introducing a sense of mystery.

Incoperating precedent study 1.Connection: Upon stydying the precedent, Regarding the connection of panels, instead of using leather rivets or silk cord, we would like to make use of our section and profile system to create joints to connection different elements together to provide a stable structure support of the second skin design.

2.Panelling: Inspired from the precedent, we utilized the implication of panels as iron scales to provide a sense of absolute security from attacking. Instead of using scales and plates, we would like to conduct new scales-like panels for our second skin highlighting elements.

33

2.4 Design development - Version #2

Front Elevation

34

Right Elevation

Back Elevation

Isometric View

Design Process: Understand personal space: The original design only concern people can use the part with panels to defense or to protect the individual space. However, we didn’t organise one part as dominant part to help people orient themselves to stay in a comfort zone with others.

In the light of this, we decided to extend the panels from the face to the back and finally to the front of body, conceal part of the body with panels as dominant part and exposed part of the body as communication part.

Therefore, when concerning the relation between personal space and the arrangement of the panels in body, the individual distance is various with the relationship between the individuals, people who wearing it can choose to use either with panels or no panels part to get along with others.

The part with repetitive panels with regular shapes is regard as dominant part of the second skin design which provide a sense of protection to the user.

Designing concept: By using the section and profile system, we further develop an arrangement system of panelling to create a dynamic surface. The panels are arranged in certain angles but not fully conceal the interior part of the space, allowing the internal personal space being permeable to the outer environment. The partly exposed and partly covered design of second skin allows a glance to the inner part of space within a lateral view.

It could greatly introduce a sense of mystery.

Incoperating precedent study: 1.Connection: Upon stydying the precedent, Regarding the connection of panels, instead of using leather rivets or silk cord, we would like to make use of our section and profile system to create joints to connection different elements together to provide a stable structure support of the second skin design.

2.Panelling: Inspired from the precedent, we utilized the implication of panels as iron scales to provide a sense of absolute security from attacking. Instead of using scales and plates, we would like to conduct new scales-like panels for our second skin highlighting elements.

35

2.5 Prototype

plywood in 3mm We encountered problems in the process from digital model creation to physical model fabrication. At the beginning stage of the digital model making, we had to acquire the exact dimension of model’s head but it is not easy to get the exact value. Later when we constructed the rhino model, we had to previously select the material that we are going to use as the thickness of the joints must be the same as the thickness of the material board.

Another technique problem when we were constructing the rhino model is that our panels are all arranged in certain angles. However, the laser cutting technique could only cut the material perpendicularly to the material surface. As a result, some of the joints are not perfectly cut by the laser cutting machine.

The unintended effect of the prototype is the charred edge of the plywood which make the prototype looks dirty.

36

Testing Effects

Front View

Side View

Regarding the effect when people wearing it, the mask can provided a sense of mystery that we are expected. The panels are arranged in certain degree but not fully conceal the interior part of the space, allowing the internal personal space being permeable to the outer environment. The partly exposed and partly covered design of second skin allows a glance to the inner part of space within a lateral view. A sense of mystery is then created.

Isometric view

The unsatisfactory part would be the structure of the mask itself. When we constructed the rhino model in computer, we didn’t consider the problem of its own structure. After we assembled the plywood pieces together, we found that the top ring would hang down without wearing it. Since the rings in structure is not as stable as we expected, it required vertical support element to support the rings in the further development.

37

38

MODULE 2 REFLECTION

In this module, we tried to manipulate the arrangement of the panels to achieve the effect of sense of mystery, the effect is quite satisfactory by regarding the prototype we made. However, as I mentioned in the “Testing Effects� part, we have neglect something very practical things such as how we can wear it easily. It really reminded me the importance of keep on making prototypes to test the design effects.

Moreover, we have also realised the importance of exaggerating the positioning, transition or the shapes of the panels even more.

As the design at that stage is a very ordinary and uniform distribution of panels, we should consider distorting the opening angles and the regular grid of the panels location. For examples, the different opening degrees in each horizontal grids, vertical grids or even on a curved support. Then we should do more prototypes to explore the effects on different degrees and see how would it affect the concentration and distribution of the panels. As a result, we can show the effect and the human space concept even more distinguishable.

39

KaFai Chan (823463) Frank Song(836904) Edwin Zhu(825825)

3.0 FABRICATION We keep on making prototypes to test different effect of the panels arrangement in horizontal, vertical and curved way to achieve the best effect and result of our design. After we found out the sequence of how the opening degrees of panels affect the concentration and distribution of the panels. We started to make a full body prototypes to see and effect and further improved the quality and the effect of our presentation prototype.

40

3.1 Introduction

A second skin with a fundamental section and profile structure is designed to project understanding of personal space in modern society. It illustrates and visualises the features, shape, concept of distance between people and relationships between people using different techniques. Â The material system is section & profile that has been through a series of experiments constructed not only conceptually but also practically. The ideas have been emerged, evolved, expanded into a more reasonable form that can illustrate the concept of personal space more effectively. Â Digital design and fabrication is particularly emphasised during the design development processes, with the support of external information source such as online readings and other articles. The fabrication processes are critical and it will be demonstrated in this presentation. Â

41

3.2 Design development After constructing the first prototype, based on the feedback on the first prototype, the general complexity needs to be increased. Another problem is the second skin cannot be worn directly, this is because the junction of lacks strength, glue was used to join pieces and therefore it can only be assembled on the user and unable to be taken off easily.

Therefore the dimension of the horizontal rings around the head and neck are enlarged to make sure the head can go through all members and hence the second skin sits on the user’s shoulders.  Additionally, some variations is mentioned on the panelling effects to bring more interests and complexity. This includes changing angels, density, shape, alignment and colour of the panels.

42

3.3 Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2 Exploration of Horizontal Development

The first one focuses on changing the angle that panels are inserted onto the main structural beams, in order to achieve more interesting effects. After completing the new model, the surface constructed by the panels are more curvy and dynamic, as a result, a horizontal rotation effect was generated.

This feature is further brought to the panels on the shoulders of the final product to connect the panels on the back to the ones on the front.

43

3.3 Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2 Exploration of Horizontal Development By creating this prototype, we discover that when the angle of the junction is within 60-80 degrees, the overall effect is pretty dense. However, the panels become less dense when the angle was becoming 50-60 degrees.

The changing degrees of openings of panels could affect the density of the distribution of panels. Therefore, we discovered that the changing of density of panels is possibleto create the sense of mystery, which is onw of our design concept.

44

3.3 Design development + fabrication of Prototype V.2 Exploration of Curved Development

For the extension of chest, vertical supports are developed with longer and curved distance. The longer curved support enables more space for panel arrangement by adding curved junctions.

This model introduces how panels can be arranged on a curved support that numbers of flat surfaces can form a smooth curved surface. We also experimented different colours can be presented onto the panels but the overall effect on the prototypes was too random and irregular hence is discarded in the final design.

45

3.4 Prototype development

FRONT ELEVATION

46

BACK ELEVATION

3.4 Prototype development

LEFT ELEVATION

RIGHT ELEVATION

47

3.4 Prototype development

Horizontal Development Highlight the transparency effect of shoulder by placing the vertical supports in different orientated angles. The junctions at each support are also cut in different angles to make sure each panel has a unique angle with the support. The overall effect can be considered as the extension from back to the chest as well as the connection between front and back panels. So the angles are specifically designed to show a great response with the other panels in a continuous way.

Vertical Development In order to wrap around the body, the panels in front of the chest are placed in unique angles to express hide and open feelings. Panels are overlapping with each other and fill the empty space to balance the overall space. The panels above the shoulders are orientated in a smooth way by increasing the angle with the vertical curved logs from front to back so as to provide an open sense. The changing orientation and difference density of panels along the vertical support will apply a fluency and continuous sense to the audience.

48

3.4 Prototype development

Curved Development As the extension of chest, vertical supports are developed with longer and curved distance. The longer curved support enables more space for panel arrangement by adding curved junctions. we decided a wide range of opening angles for multiplesof panels to create density changing from shoulder down to the body. As a result, the shoulder could be highly protected by high dengity of panels and the decreasing density of panels to chest would act as welcoming communications with other people.

49

3.4 Prototype development RHINO MODEL

FRONT

50

RIGHT

LEFT

BACK

3.5 Prototype optimisation- Fabrication

51

3.5 Prototype optimisation- Effects

52

3.5 Prototype optimisation- Effects

53

3.6 2nd Skin final design RHINO MODEL

54

3.7 Assembly Drawing

55

3.8 2nd Skin

56

57

58

59

MODULE 3 REFLECTION

Module 3 has been the most interesting and exciting section among the Digital Design and Fabrication process. I am so glad that I can achieve the effect I expected. Once again, it proofed the importance of making prototypes to test the effect, material and the quality of making a final prototype.

The advantage of the section and profile system is that it could give your model a very ideal structural support. However, it is easy to make your model being stuffy as all the model elements are fixed. In order to provide an ideal effect of dynamic modelling, sense of mystery and certain protection of body spaces, it is very important to keep on making different prototypes to test the feasibility and the effect your design. In our project, the thing to manipulate all of ideas and effects are the arrangements of the panels.

At the beginning stage, Edwin and I made three prototypes to test the panels with different degrees of opening in horizontal, vertical and curved way. I found that the higher the degrees of opening, the higher the concentration of panels would be resulted. In other words, the concentration of the panels is increasing with the degrees of opening. I applied this sequence into the digital modelling, making the panels flowing from the left face mask to surround the body and finally further extended to the chest. The effect of the smooth flowing of panels and concentration difference was achieved. However, After I made the first full body prototypes, I found that the concentration difference is not as obvious as I saw in the digital model, and the first full body prototypes was quite dirty after the laser cutting. As a result, I further improved the density decreasing effect of panels in the chest and the quality of the prototypes during the laser cutting process, I could finally make a clean, neat, stable prototype with expected effect demonstration.

60

61

4.0 REFLECTION

Critical Reflection of overall design process and experience

62

Throughout the course, I have learnt that design is a linear process which required a persistence of high attention to every design steps. From the ideation stage, to the design stage and finally the fabrication stage, the previous stage was always supporting the next stage. It involves the individual idea generations and then to the collaboration of ideas within a group, together with the integrated use of the physical and digital medium towards the fabrication stage. They all required a large amount of investment and attention to the design processes, which I found were really fruitful to me.

The readings have played a significant role to inspire me to take further steps throughout the whole design and fabrication processes. At the beginning stage of ideation, we were told to create three sketch designs second skin showing the relationship with personal space. The reading gave me the direction of protection of personal space and welcoming people of proper communication as people like to be close enough to obtain the comradeship but far enough away to stay avoid pricking one another (Sommer, 1969). It helped me to build up the concept of what should a personal space be implicated, presented and protected.

Furthermore, regarding the structure and the effect of the second skin design, the reading inspired me that rather than construct the surface itself, sectioning can use series of profiles and edges to follow the lines of surface geometry (Lwamoto, 2009). Therefore, we can experience the sectional assemblies of panels arrangements as a way to produce both surface and structure. Regarding the quality of the prototype, the effect and structural stability are all very important, and the reading gave hints to us that by making use of the section and profile system, we can utilize the effect and structure together. That means, the panels arrangement can be not only showing the effect of density change, but also contributing to the structure to keep it more stable.

Moreover, the reading also inspired me the way to manufacture the physical full body prototypes. As the laser cutting only cuts the material vertically, we found that it may become a limitation of our full body prototypes as there are a lot of diagonals arrangements of panels. However, as the reading mentioned, the CNC cutting, or two-dimensional fabrication is the most commonly used fabrication technique and it allows us to create not only regular shapes, but also the curved model (Kolarevic, 2003). Such as the double-curved acrylic glass panels for Berngard Franken’s “Bubble” BMW pavilion in 1999 (Kolarevic, 2003). The example and the illustration in book gave me a general idea of how my model can be successfully manufactured.

Other than learning from readings, the digital manufacture was also another wonderful learning processes to me. In this project, in order to create an ideal effect of panels density changing and to confirm the structural support, I relied on Rhino to help me to ensure the accuracy and refinement of the final product before after the fabrication. I found that Rhino is a wonderful software to help me to create curved shapes or shapes with streamline, such as “Sweep”, “Loft” and “Network” command, etc. The “Boolean split” command helped me to ensure the accuracy of each junctions on in the prototype for the structural stability. Moreover, the “Align” command helped me to distribute the panels on the ideal position in the prototype. The manipulation in Rhino I learnt throughout the course can help me to build other amazing digital models for other architectural subjects.

Last but not least, regarding the most enjoyable part throughout the subject, it must be the prototypes making. Prototypes are vitally important throughout the design process, I used it to explore the possibilities of our design approach, to test the possible effect and the quality of the final full body second skin design. You can see the prototypes can help you to generate ideas and help you to rationalise your design. Since you can never see the true effect of your design if you only rely on 2D drawings or views in 3D digital model as they are all virtual, only by manufacturing prototypes, you can see the actual structure, effect and qualities. I am so glad that I did quite a lot prototypes to test the effects and it helped me a lot on refining and improving the design. It was enjoyable to see something you designed could be finally held in your hands or worn on your body.

In all, it is a fruitful subject for me and I have learnt a lot from this subject throughout the whole design process. I am so glad that I could design a second skin to imply the meaning of mystery, protection and proper connection with people, not only for me, but also the people who need it.

63

5.0 APPENDIX Bibliography Kolarevic, B 2003, “Digital Production” in Architecture in the Digital Age- Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, pp. 30-54 Lwamoto, L 2009, Digital fabrications: architectural and material techniques, Princeton Architectural Press, New York Marble, S 2008, “Imaging Risk” In P Bernstein, P Deamer (eds) in Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, pp38-42.

Rifkin, J 2011, “Distributed Capitalism” in The Third Industrial Revolution, Palgrave Macmilian, New York, pp.107-126.

Sommer, R 1969, “Spatial Invasion” in Sommer, R, Personal space: the behaviour of design, Prentic-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.Jm pp.28-38.

Image Sources Page30 Japanese Amour: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_armour Amour image: http://img.chinatimes.com/newsphoto/2016-05-26/656/20160526004619.jpg

64

CREDITS Page Cover 2 3 4 5

Drawings

Computation

Model Fabrication Model Assembly

Photography r r r

Writing

Graphic Design

r

6

r

7

r

8

r

9

r

Page 51 52 53 54 55

r

r

r

r

58

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

60

11

r

r

r

r

61

12

r

r

r

r

62

13

r

r

r

63

14

r

r

r

r

64

15

r

r

r

r

65

r

r

68

19

r

r

r

69

20

r

r

r

70

r

r

71

r

r

73

r

r

74

r

r

75

r

r

76

23

r

24

rrr r

25

r

r

r

r

27

r

r

r

77

28

r

r

r

78

29

r

r

r

79

r

r

r

80

r

r

r

81

r r

31

r

r

32

r

r

r

r

82

33

r

r

r

r

83

34

r

r

r

r

84

35

r

r

r

r

85

36

r

r

r

r

r

86

37

r

r

r

r

r

87

r

88

r

r

89

r

38 39 40

r

r

r

90

41

r

rr

r

91

rr

r

92

42

r

r

43

r r

r

r

rr

r

93

44

r

r

r

r

r

rr

r

94

45

r

r

r

r

r

rr

r

95

46

r

r

r

47

r

r

r

48 49

r

50

r

r

Ka Fai Chan

r

Frank Song

r

Edwin Zhu

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

72

26

30

r

r

67

r

r

r r

66

18

22

r

r

r

r

r

r

r

21

r

Graphic Design r r r r r

57

r

r

r

r

10

r

Writing

r

59

17

Photography r r

r

r

r

Model Fabrication Model Assembly r r r r

r

r

r

r r

Computation r r r r r

56

r

16

Drawings r

r r

r

rr

r

rr

r r rr

65