Flooding Analysis
In 2011, Super Typhoon Muifa hit many cities in China, including Dalian. Direct economic losses amounted to 3.1 billion yuan, all economic activities were interrupted, urban infrastructure was severely damaged, and residents' daily lives were greatly affected. Dalian Laohutan Ocean Park is the southeast connection hub between Dalian and the Yellow Sea. It is located at the entrance of the Ziyou River, a local river. The population density on the west and north sides of the plot is high, and the lack of flood prevention facilities makes the city poorly adaptable and vulnerable to natural disasters. The project will include a coastline of 5 kilometers along the coast, including Dalian Laohutan Ocean Park, its supporting service areas, ports, and partial the Xiaoshicao on the east side. This project uses a creative design method to build a series of protective landscapes, which will protect the neighbourhood of Dalian City in the southeast from the threat of heavy rain and sea level rise, while bringing the necessary cultural, leisure and socio-economic effects to the local area. Protective infrastructure meets the needs of high-standard flood protection dykes, while further enriching urban waterfronts and natural landscapes and creating habitats. It also strengthens the connection between Dalian Laohutan Ocean Park, the coastal area and communities at higher altitudes. The continuous bank space forms discrete areas, blocking the flood and protecting the internal low-lying flood discharge areas like a shield to protect Dalian from the threat of climate change. Because the site is located in a mountainous area, the flood control design can treat the mountain as a part of the flood protection dyke, which can reduce the amount of engineering and increase the richness of the landscape and spatial diversity.
Master Plan
Dalian Laohutan Ocean Park is a modern marine theme park integrating tourism, entertainment,
For Dalian, the transformation of District B has profound and lasting economic and cultural signifi-
science, shopping and culture together. On May 8th, 2007, it was officially approved as a national
cance. Due to multiple piecemeal developments over many years, the artificial environment design
5A tourist attraction by the National Tourism Administration. However, due to a long-term lack of
of the park lacks integrity, and many temporary buildings also reduce its aesthetics and safety. In
C Zone is a scenic service area with high building density, including hotels, apartments,
management and a growing flow of tourists, the natural environment has been damaged to varying
Area B, all buildings will be rectified and integrated into an urban complex. A complex of multi-level
restaurants and docks, making available areas very small. The design team used different
degrees, and many facilities have aged due to lack of repairs. On February 25, 2017, the China
flood defense systems and elevated walking and cycling lanes protects the mains roads and
designs to deal with different flood sources. In addition to designing dykes to tackle with
National Tourism Administration decided to give a serious warning to the park with a deadline of 6
high-density urban areas in the rear, as well as surrounding infrastructure. Its functions not only
coastal floods, designers responded to surface floods by creating roof gardens, sunken
months for rectification.
include the original aquarium, coral hall, polar hall, four-dimensional cinema and restaurants, it also
plazas, and drainage channels. The flood control system can effectively collect rainwater
becomes a transportation hub integrated into the urban transportation system, connecting the
used for irrigation, toilets, and discharge excess rainwater into urban drainage systems.
In Area A, the undulating terrain and large-scale wetlands are created in the coastal area of Lao-
coastal area and the urban area, encouraging citizens travel actively instead of using motor vehi-
hutan Ocean Park. The huge coastal body protects the Binhai Middle Rd. behind it. Newly built walk-
cles. The design team separated the internal traffic flow line of Tiger Beach Park from the urban
This design focuses on three areas that were most damaged during the hurricane in 2011,
ing and cycling paths strengthen the connection between the block on the west side and the water-
traffic flow line well. At the same time, the design team added urban public spaces with various
including A zone - Mainly mountains and wetlands, from the south side of the mouth of the
front space, so that the expressway and the local River no longer become obstacles between each
leisure and entertainment functions about the theme park, including cafes, skateparks, rock-climb-
Free River to the south of the Ocean Park; B Zone includes the rest part of it; C Zone is the
other.
ing parks, outdoor theaters, green spaces, walk and cycle paths.
supporting service area of the scenic spot.
The final design plan will bring multiple economic, ecological and socio-cultural benefits. The design
B
C
plan transforms the artificial environment of Laohutan Ocean Park while retaining its original function, while making it a barrier to protect the inner space of the city. The new complex and flood levee will create new commercial space along the Binhai Middle Road and bring potential business opportunities; the large-scale urban pedestrian space will increase communication between communities and
A ZONE
enhance local social identity. The wetlands and green corridors extending into the city from the waterfront of Laohutan Park and
A
rain gardens will promote ecological diversity, improve water quality, and also reduce heat island effect.
All coastal cities around the world are facing the threat of global warming and sea level rising. Many countries have already been taking actions for decades such as Netherlands, the United State and Thailand. The others are actively seeking solutions to protect millions of residents and infrastructure. This project is a response of the coastal city Dalian to future climate change. Instead of passively defending against floods and hurricanes, the project takes a proactive approach to interact more with water for flexible and sustainable design. This design is inspired by the BIG U Project in Manhattan with considerations of local context.
Rain gardon
Barrier
Green wall
Exceedance storage Pervious pavements Channels
Location Analysis
Meili Snow Mountain, a famous snowy mountain between Deqin County of Yunnan Province and Zuogong County and Chayu County of Tibet Autonomous Region, stretches from northwest to Southeast, and stands between Nujiang River and Lantsang River Canyon. Its highest peak is in its the middle - the Kawagbo peak.Kawagbo, one of the mounts that haven’ t been conquered by human, is located in Yunnan Province. The peak with 6,740m above sea level is a pilgrimage site for Tibetan Buddhism who believe it is the God’ s residence. However, the god will leave, and disaster will come once mankind step on Kawagbo. Actually, the British mountaineering team challenged Kawagebo for the first time in 1902. From 1987 to 2000, mountaineering teams from Japan, China, and the United States repeatedly tried to climb it but all failed. Among them, the world’ s second largest mountain disaster occurred in 1991, and 17 members in a Sino-Japanese joint mountaineering team was killed at an altitude of 5,100 meters. 5 years later, a joint mountaineering team formed by Chinese and Japanese failed again under miserable weather condition.In the millennium, American Nature Conservancy and local authority discussed the concerns for the protection of indigenous environment and culture. Mountaineering has been forbidden in this area since then. Mingyong Glacier, one of the glaciers under Kawagbo, is the largest, longest and lowest elevation valley glacier in Yunnan Province. It is also the starting point for climbing teams to reach Kawagbog Peak. Mingyong Village is the starting point of all these journeys. Therefore, the site of this project is chosen to be on the side of Mingyong Village, providing a good accommodation environment and equipment for climbing teams and tourists.Deqin County is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, with Meili Snow Mountain as the center of scenic spots, accounting for 34.5% of the area of Deqin County.
Master Plan
Glacier Analysis
Terrain Analysis
Terrain Analysis
Mingyong Village is located at the foot of Meili Snow Mountain in the Midwest of Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It lies on the West Bank o f L a n t s a n g R i v e r Va l l e y, s o u t h t o Lantsang River and west to Kawagbo Mountain. Mingyong Village is a typical Tibetan village in the Northwest Plateau of Yunnan Province. Up to now, the village has retained intact Tibetan-style earthen palace, built along the gentle hillside. Besides its significant steepness and altitude difference, the main fact that makes all the mountaineering a failure is that the glaciers of the Meili Mountain, w i t h t h e n a t u r e o f r a p i d changes in motion, are heavily affected by the Indian Ocean airstream. The texture of the mountains is like a passage, allowing the warm and humid currency from the Indian Ocean penetrates deeply along the canyon, causing the lower elevations of the glacier to begin to melt rapidly. As a result, the constant movement of glaciers makes the ice layer very unstable and prone to avalanches.
The architecture design use the concept of capsule hotel and the shape of these buildings are inspired by beehive. Each unit is a hexagonal prism. And based on this, the
Cinema hall
planes and facades of units in dining and exhibition area are adjusted to fit their functions.
These buildings will play videos for tourists and mountaineering teams, introducing the history and culture of Yongming
Accomodation Room These Rooms have two Forms - single and double. The building is equipped
Village and Meili Snow Mountain. After the deformation of the facade, people's experience of watching movies will be more comfortable.
with basic living space, including bedroom, bathroom and storage space, all within one unit. The shape of double room is obtained by splicing and deforming three units. Visitors can get a full view of the scenery through each sides of all units.
Dining Area The group is a centripetal space consisting of eight buildings, four of which are kitchens and the others in the middle are semi-open restaurants facing to the central space to form the sense of enclosure. Further more, this area can also be used as a place for holding conferences and evening parties.
Temperature Analysis
Chernobyl produced by HBO in 2019 brought the nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 in front of audience. The cause of the accident was insufficient training of operators and flaws in the design of the nuclear reactor itself. As the No. 4 reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Pripyat, Ukraine, exploded, large fires triggered by it released large amounts of high-energy radiant material into the atmosphere. These radiant dusts covered most of Europe and parts of eastern North America. In contaminated areas, more than 336,000 residents were forced to leave their homes permanently. The disaster cost a total of $ 200 billion. The social, economic, and ecological damage caused by this event is too complicated to be calculated. Nuclear radiation affect the long-term health of human beings, the probability of deformed children is greatly increased, and put limits on the production and transportation of food. related reports indicate that hundreds of thousands of people have been exposed to highly radioactive materials, and the total number of casualties may be as high as about 200,000.
For a period of time, the local ecology was severely damaged. But the quarantine zone has also become a paradise for wildlife to escape human persecution. To date, a large territory within a radius of 30 kilometers centered at the Chernobyl power plant is still listed as a control area by the governments of Ukraine and Belarus. However, most of the areas have been considered to be safe for living and economic activities. "Radiation Sightseeing" targeting abandoned cities in the vicinity is growing. This project, based on real historical events, aims to create a narrative urban environment on the north side of
The designer places a monumental space at the entrance of the route representing the government. Walls in the space tell stories
the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Visitors will be immersed in the narrative space and
about the government. After the accident, government officials began to shirk each other's responsibilities and gave orders without
be able to experience and understand the event from three different perspectives: gov-
grabing the whole picture. Therefore, they missed the best chance to control the disaster and killed the lives of more than a dozen
ernment, citizens, and scientists. These three angles represent three different entrances
rescue workers. As it occurred during the Cold War period between the Soviet Union and the United States, high-level leaders
and routes. The three routes intersect from time to time and each of them means a con-
even ordered the entire city to be blocked after the explosion, exposing the entire city to ultra-high intensity radiation in order to
flict or a chance of cooperation between them. In the end, they all come together, symbol-
control public opinion and stabilize the hearts of people. The space here is enclosed by tall and thick walls, so that visitors can
izing the unification of the three forces to jointly resist the disaster and create the future.
experience the government's tough attitude and the people's depression at the time.
Innocent residents living near Chernobyl did not know the truth until three days later when they were told to leave their homes permanantly. In these three days, the residents had lived the same life as before, and even regarded the explosion as a firework show and stood on a bridge to appreciate the scene. The Bridge of Death is located on the north side of the power plant. Visitors standing on the bridge will be able to see the complete view of the area and observe history from their own perspective. A sunken memorial space is created to remember those who passed away and to tell the spirit of people who were willing to sacrifice their lives for a better world. Government and scientists repeatedly called for the masses to expose themselves to deadly nuclear radiation tp control the disaster. After the explosion, the chemical reaction in the nuclear reactor was still continuing. The temperature it produced could melt concrete and cause the surrounding materials to burn, generating black smoke that carries a large amount of highly dense and radiative substances. However, in order to extinguish the flames, the only way was to repeatedly send helicopters into the billowing smoke and drop the boron carried from very above which seriously damaged the health of pilots. The selfless dedication also includes the workers at nuclear power plants who soaked themself into highly radioactive water volunteerly to examine the water circulation system, 300 miners who completed underground works to avoid a bigger explosion if high temperature substance melted through the groundwork and evaporated instantly all water inside the tank, and tens of thousands of people and soldiers responsible for handling the surrounding wild animals and plants. Russian estimates that about 600,000 people entered the controlled area to remove radiation pollutants within two years after the disaster.
In the years after the truth was made public, the government was forced to acknowledge the design flaws of the RBMK nuclear power plant and, with the help of scientists, repaired the remaining nuclear power plants to prevent the disaster from happening again. The exhibition building is located at the intersection of the government route and the scientist route, symbolizing the conflicts and cooperations between the two parties after the truth of the accident was revealed. In fact, after the accident, the government believed that it was just an explosion of the water tank until Legasov pointed out that only the graphite inside the nuclear reactor was exposed and scattered outside. Visitors can stand on the roof of the building and see the burning graphite and the smoke generated by its process. To prevent the irradiated animals from bringing radiation and The scientists route represents Valery Alekseyevich Legasov, an important role of government committees
mutant genes into the outside world, the people and soldiers
investigating the cause of the accident and mitigating the consequences of disasters, and the deeds of the
were called to hunt down all the animals in the area, and sealed
entire scientist group. He was the first one who discovered the truth of the accident, and his most important
all the bodies with cement in the ground. These 'overturned
decision was to prevent the disaster from happening again and report the situation to the government in dam-
cement boards' remind people of the consequences of the nucle-
aged areas. He did not hesitate to tell fellow scientists that the safety risks of the destroyed nuclear plant and
ar disaster and the price the world will pay.
insisted on the immediate evacuation of all residents of the city of Pripyat near the power plant. Even if revealing the truth would bring irreparable losses to his career, he still fought for it. On the second year of the Cher-
After understanding the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster
nobyl disaster, Legasov hanged himself in the stairwell of his apartment and left a tape recording the undis-
and people's efforts, tourists on different routes finally gather
closed truth about the disaster at the time.
together and about to enter the natural forest that has been intervented by any human activity for last 33 years.
Soil Contamination Analysis With accelerated urbanization, a large amount of waste is inevitably being
Location Analysis
produced every day, especially urban domestic waste. According to relevant sta-
Zhejiang Province is located on
Tianziling Landfill is located in
tistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, 2 out of 668 cities in China except
the southeast coast of China
Qinglongwu Valley, Tianziling
the county have formed a grim situation of garbage siege, and one quarter of
Mountain, Hangzhou
Chinese cities have no more land for landfills. So far, land for landfill and dumping has exceeded 500 million square meters in total. The phenomenon of "garbage besieged city" has never been delayed. The Tianziling Landfill is the first domestic solid waste landfill designed and built
Hangzhou is the capital city of
Master Plan
according to the requirements of sanitary landfill. It had been put into use from
Zhejiang Province and located
1991 to 2004 and had processed more than 8 million tons of municipal
on its middle-north side
waste.
Traffic Analysis
Greenspace Analysis
Designed Traffic Analysis
Jungle Mountain Forest Forest Bush Lawn
The site is in the valley, surrounded by mountains on
Functions of Areas
three sides except the west. In order to respond to
The Tianziling Landfill is at the leading level in China in terms of landfill technology, pollution control and treatment, but it is still difficult to avoid the impact on the surrounding environment, which has been questioned by the surrounding citizens. Landfill waste will pollute the surrounding soil, groundwater and air. Landscape planning is needed in desperate to improve the soil, the quality of the environment, and serve as a city park to raise awareness of thrift and environmental protection. Landfill garbage is harmful and easy to pollute soil, water and air. However, this project’ s focus only lies on dealing with soil contamination. Soil Pollution Polluted dances in soil are mainly heavy metals, mainly including biotoxic elements such as mercury, cadmium, lead and non-metallic arsenic, and general heavy metals such as zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel with certain toxicity. Because most cities do not collect garbage by sorting, these substances are easily polluted by heavy metals around landfills when they enter domestic garbage landfills, and once these pollutants are produced, they will be difficult to degrade. Soil pollution can cause deformity or even death of plants, and waste land resources, resulting in a vicious circle of soil.
the abundant vegetation on the mountain, the site is surrounded by dense forests. The vegetation near the center of the site is mainly lawn and shrub, which provides people with abundant activity space. The west side of the site is the supporting area and management area of the landfill. And Garbage is transported from the highway on the west side through the supporting area and management area, and finally to the landfill site for landfill.
Therefore, landfills need to be planned for ecological restoration, soil remediation and environmental quality improvement. The purpose of this project is to transform the landfill into a city park, provide leisure and entertainment places for residents, and set up characteristic landscape nodes to enhance people's awareness of environmental protection.
Eco-greenhouse By planting tropical plants in the eco-greenhouse, the plant richness and ornamentality of the plot can be further improved, and the indoor space can be provided to enrich the space. The ecological greenhouse in the landfill also serves as a laboratory to study the relationship between different plants and different pollutants in the soil. The flower racks around the ecological greenhouse play a role in connecting space and function.
Path Among Rocks This node is composed of road and harmless waste and stones piled on both sides of the site. It creates a space surrounded by waste, which enables tourists to experience the crisis of "garbage besieged city". It also enhances the ornamentability and draws closer the relationship between people and waste, thus improving people's environmental awareness. The end of Shidui Road is Shidui Square, with recreational facilities around the fountain in its center, providing a recreational space for tourists.
Eco Pool Its main purpose is rainwater harvesting, which is used to irrigate the vegetation in the site. At the same time, its surrounding pavement also provides visitors with hydrophilic space, increasing the ornamental and spatial richness.
Vegetation Irrigation Vegetation Irrigation
Fountain
Eco Pool