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lrg]F . Æ eg]y]F . jf:tjdf Tolta]/ af]nL /fd|};+u lrg]sf] lyPF . æ xh"/ sxfF xf] clxn] <Æ ;f]w]Fy] . æd ot} xf] . oltj]/ s'k08f]nlt/ 5' . dnfO{ xh"/ xh"/ gnufpg';\ g, ck7\of/f] nfU5 Û Pp6} sIffsf ;xkf7L xf}+ lg xfdL t ÛÆ lgs} guLr aGb} elglyg\ . æx'G5 t gegf}nf cj Û Æ d}n] hjfkm lbPy]F . æslQ vf]h]/ aNntNn kQf nufPsf] tkfOFsf] kmf]g . s;/L kQf nufPFx'Fnf n eGg';\ t <Æ ;uf}/j eGb} lyOg\ . dfgf] d]/f] kmf]ggDa/ kQf nufP/ pgn] s'g} b'u{d lxdfnL r'r'/f] ;/ u/]sL lyOg\ Û plta]/ bz}+sf] kf08fn ;hfpg agfPsf] b]jLsf] d"lt{h:t} lyof] pgsf] cf]hk"0f{ ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ . ;f]em} x]g{ klg ck\7\of/f] nfUbYof] . af]nL eg] k6Ss} gemg]{ . t/ clxn] slQ;f/f] km/f;LnL eO5g\ < d cfk}+m lhNn k/]/ ;f]Rt} lyPF . x'gklg ;fF8] b'O jif{ cjlwdf hfFrsf] a]nf hDdf b'O k6s gf]6skL dfUg'afx]s slxNo} d;+u bf]xf]/f] s'/fsfgL u/]sL lyOgg\ . c?;+u t emg\ Tolt af]n]sf] klg b]lvgy]F . sLlt{k'/] kmfF6df ufGwL:df/s ;fOG;ejg nfOa]/L aGb}lyP . ulx/f vf]N;L / af6fj/k/ j[If/f]k0f x'Fb} lyof] . afFsL kmfF6df wfg /f]kfOF rNb} lyof] . sLlt{k'/ k9fOsf k'/fgf ;+emgf¿ d"n k'm6]sf] ;fpgsf] l;d;f/h:t} 5\ofNnAofNn eP . j;Gtsf] ju}+rf ag]/ t/a/}{ kmls|P / 9sds k'mn] . km8\sf df/]/ ToxL ;+;f/lt/ a'n{'Ss pk|mf}+em}+ nfUof] . nfUbf] kmfu'gsf] Ps lbg sLlt{k'/sf] kmfF6df;d]t lbp;} lFxFpF k/]/ k9fO aGb ef] . xfdL ;a} ljBfyL{ s7\oflu|P/ sIffsf]7fdf aGbL ag]sf lyof}+ . c? c? ;fyLaLrdf y/Ly/L s'/fsfgL / ukm76\6f ePy] . t/ pgL dlxnf;fyLx¿;+u klg k§} Ps zAb af]n]sL lyOgg\ . 5Ss} k/]Yof}+ xfdL t . ;+lembf klg crDd nfuL/x]sf] lyof] dnfO{ . æsxfF a:g' x'G5 tkfOF < Æ ;f]lwlyg\ . æ a'4gu/ a:5' . clxn] uf}zfnfdf 5' .Æ eg]y]F . ætkfOF lg ÛÆ ;f]w]y]F æd d}tLb]jL a:5' . tkfOF;+u e]6\g dg nfu]sf] 5 . cfh} e]6f}+ g ÛÆ elglyg\ . ;'Gb} crDd nfUof] . æcfDd} s] ;f/f] xtf/f] Û ef]ln e]6f}nf x'Gg <Æ eg]y]F . æxf]Og cfh} e]6f}+ g . ef]ln dnfO{ k'm;{b 5}g .Æ elglyg\ . æTo;f] eP cfh} e]6f} g t rf/ ah]lt/ . lghfdtL c:ktfnsf] SofG6Lg 7Ls xf]nf, b'a}nfO{ kfos kg]{ 7fpF .Æ eg]y]F . æx'G5 To;f] eP d 7Ls rf/ ah] ToxLF cfO/fV5' . Æ pgn] eGbf d}n] klg lgZrosf] jfrf lbPy]F . b'Orf/ ldg]6 9Lnf ePF5' c:ktfn k'Ubf . u]6leq l5b}{ pgsf] sn 16 ÷ /rgf

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cfOxfNof]– eGb} lyOg\ ætkfOFn] ;'uf /ªsf] Sofk nufPsf] xf] < d otf cf]Nnf] kl§ 5' . clxn] Tot} cfpFb}5' .Æ eGbfeGb} klZrdL lbzfaf6 xft p7fpFb} / xfjfdf nx/fpFb} ltgL cfOg\ . guLr kbf{dfq pgsf] k"/} cg'xf/ ¿k / pltj]/sf] ;De|fGt JolQmTj ;Demgfdf ;nanfof] . ætkfOF t p:t} x'Fg'x'Fbf] /x]5 . Æ em08} cFufnf] dfg{ vf]Hb} e\moflDdP/ elglyg\ . æx}g deGbf klg tkfOF kf] p:t} x'g'x'Fbf]/x]5 . d t 5Ss} k/]F b]Vbfv]/L .Æ d}n] o;f] eGbf pgn] klg d]/f] k|z+;fsf] :jfut ul/g\ . z'e|:jR5 r]x]/f rxlsnf] ¿kdf k|sflzt ePYof] . d lrofsf] c8{/krf{ lnP/ 6]ljn5]p s';L{df a;]F . pgL klg s';L{ ghLs tfg]/ d;+u} hf]l8P/ al;g\ . ætkfOF oqf] aif{;Dd sxfF hfg'eof] Û s] s] hfuL/ vfg'eof] . 5f]/f 5f]/L slt eP , sxfF 5g\ .Æ pg}n] k|;Ë plwg]sL lyOg\ . b'u{dIf]qsf gofF gofF lhNnf 5fGb} lqljsf] ;DaGwg lnP/ SofDk; vf]Nb}, s]xL aif{ k9fpFb} k]ml/ csf]{ 7fpFdf uP/ To;} ub}{ nfdf] ;do rn]sf] cfˆgf] k|fWofkg k]zfaf/] 5f]6s/Ldf atfPy]F . pgL dfi6/ l8u|L lnPkl5 ljxf u/]/ st} ;+nUg geO{ s]jn u[lx0fLdfq ag]sL /lx5g\ . æslt jif{ x'g' ef] < Æ pd]/sf s'/f ul/lyg\ . Ps} ;fnsf /x]5f}+ . lgs} jif{ sfG5L xf]lng\h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . kfFr;ft dlxgfdfq sfG5L /lx5g\ deGbf . ;'Gbf 5Ss k/]F . gS;fnsf] k}t[s c+z lnP/ d}tLb]jLdf gofF 3/af/ hf]8]sf] s'/f ul/lyg\ . sn]hf] ljlu|P/ >Ldfg\ lat]kl5 ljut t]x| aif{b]lv Psn hLjg latfO/x]sL 5' elglyg\ . e\mofnaf6 l5/]sf 3fdsf] ls/0fdf uxe/Lsf cfF;' 6Nkn u/]sf] :ki6} b]lvGYof] . 5f]/f5f]/Lsf s'/f cfkF}mn] ul/lyg\ . 5f]/L g} 5f]/L /x]5g\ tLgj6L . ;a} k9fOdf PseGbf csf]{ h08 lgl:sP/ kv]6f xfNb} k|zfGt dxf;fu/ t/]5g\ . …cd]l/sfsf] cf]xfof]df 3/af/ hdfP/ a;]sf 5g\Ú eGb} lyOg\ . cfk"mrflxF cflw otf cflw ptf a:bL /lx5g\ . …d}n] e]63f6 ubf{ tkfOFsL >LdtLn] g/fd|f] dfGg' x'g] xf] ls ÛÚ dnfO sf]6\ofpFb} cfz+sf k|s6 u/]sL lyOg\ . d}n] To:tf] s]xL x'Gg eg]kl5 cln pHofnf] cg'xf/ nufPsL lyOg\ . {d}n] km];a"sdf k]|mG8 l/Sj]i6 k7fpbf PS;]K6 ug'{ ePg lg ÛÚ cln Jou| efjdf elglyg\ . {cfˆgf] gfd /fVg' ePg xf]nf . of t glrlgg] s'g} cs}{ j:t'sf] kmf]6f] /fVg' ePYof] ls ÛÚ d}n] gfF6Ls'6L ub}{ k|Zg /fv]sf] lyPF . …gfd klg d]/} lyof] / kmf]6f] klg .Ú elglyg\ . dnfO{ pgsf] gfpFaf6 s'g} l/Sj]i6 cfPh:tf] nfuL/x]sf] lyPg . t}klg pgnfO{ lg/fz gkfg{ eg]y]F– …xf]nf ofb u/Lg5' Sof/ . ca k|m]G8 agf}+nfÚ . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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xNsf gLnf] /ªdfly ;'ufa'§] s'tf{ / kx]+nf] ;'?jfn cf}lw ;'xfPsf] b]lvGYof] . c?eGbf klg Tof] pd]/;Dd z/L/ Psbd ;nSs,r':t kf]l6nf] / skfn Pshft gkm'n]sf] b]Vbf cfZro{ nfUof] . enfs';f/L ubf{ub}{ ;f]w]sL lyOg\ – {e]h ls gg\e]h tkfOF < Ú {gg\e]h Ú. xtf/s} 5f]6f] hjfkm lyof] d]/f] . {o;f] lng] ug'{x'G5 ls, 8«fO xf] .Ú ;f]lwlyg\ < {xfkm 8\fO . ofg] lnG5' clncln ;fyL ldNbf .Ú eg]y]F . {ca ;fyL ;fyL ldn]/ a:g'k5{ slxn]sflxF . x]dGt aflx/ uPsf] 5 /] . cfPkl5 tLghgf a;f}+nf .Ú elglyg\ . {x'G5 Ú 5f]6} hjfkm lbPy]F . x]dGt /fgf xfd|} ;xkf7L lyof] sLlt{k'/ k9\bfsf] . …cjb]lv tkfOF gd:sf/ cflb zAb s]xL geGg], Psn] csf{dfly {ltdL ltdLÚ nufpg] n ÛÚ pgsf] k|:tfjdf b'a}sf] ;xdlt ePYof] . ptLj]/ ;fbf wf]tLdfq nufP/ cfpFlyg\ / Snf;sf] leqaflx/ Ps zAb s;};+u af]Nb}glyg\ . oltj]/ To;af/] ;f]wvf]h ubf{ elglyg\— …7"nf] kl/jf/df ljx] ug]{ s'/f] rn]sf] lyof], To;}n] s;};+u gaf]Ng', aflx/k]m/ ;fyLefO;+u 3'dlkm/ xfF;v]n k6Ss} gug'{Ú eGg'ePsf] lyof] cfdfn] . To;}cg';f/ sLlt{k'/ hfg] cfpg] / Snf;leq aflx/ klg s;};+u gaf]Ng] u/]sf] eGb} lyOg\ . Toltj]/sf] /x:o ;'Gbf oltj]/ kf] crDd nfUof] dnfO{ . of] pd]/df o:tf] /l;nf] km/fl;nf] dfG5] Tolta]/ a}+;n] dbd:t 5Fbf s;/L To:tf] uDeL/ caf]nf aGg ;lsg\ xf]nf < dgdg} ts{ ub{}lyPF d . dnfO{ cGodg:s b]v]/ gofF s'/f lemSb} 3r3RofPsL lyOg\ . …x}g stf x/fPsf] tkfOF < sLlt{k'/sf] d}bfgdf xNnf ug{ k'Ug' ef] ls Sof xf] <Ú r:dfleqsf r~rn cfvf / cf]7sf] l:dt xf:on] Jo+Uo ub}{ lyP dnfO{ . …st} x/fPsf] 5}g . tkfOF;u} t 5' lg Û klxn] / clxn]sf] tkfOFsf] cfgLjfgL ;lDFemb} u/]sf] . s:tf] crDdsf] 5 of] ;+;f/ ÛÚ d}n] pgsf] k|z+;fdf b'Orf/ jfSo c? vr{ u/]sf] lyPF . clnj]/ o:t}To:t} s'/f klg ePy] . efifflj1fgsf] ;/ af6f]df n8]/ lxnfDd] cj:yfdf k9fpg cfPsf] lbg Snf;df xfdL ;a} d/Ld/L xFf;]sf lyof}+ t/ pgL Ps/QL xfFl;glyg\ . s'g} ;/n] gDj/ /]6\g] u/]sf s'/f, s'g}n] ;do ;lsFbf klg Ps;'/n] vfnL sf]7fnfO{ JofVofg ;'gfpg] u/]sf s'/f,csf]{ ljefusf] s]6fn] ;k{ ;dft]/ v]nfpFbf xfdL tl;{P/ efufefu u/]sf] s'/f, gd{n tfnLd] s]6fx¿ ‰ofnaf6 r8]/ ;w} a;sf ;L6 sAhf ub}{ xfdL / u'?x¿nfO{;d]t /Tgkfs{—sLlt{k'/ v8fv8} ofqf u/fPsf] s'/f Û o:t}o:t} gfgfy/L k|;Ëdf ststf x/fPYof}+ xfdL . vfnL x'g kf] yfnL;s]5 SofG6Lg t Û 58\s] kf/fn] rfv dfg]/ xfd|f s'/f ;'gL/x]sf lyP s]xL tGg]/L t?gLx¿ .

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SoflG6gaf6 lgl:sFbf pgL lgs} k|;Gg / k|k'mNn b]lvlGyg\ . d}n] ;do lgsfn]/ pgL;+u e]6 u/]sf]df v'zLn] cnd:t lyOg\ / afDaf/ wGojfb lbPsL lyOg\ . ca xfdL ;w}+sfnflu ;fyL agf}+ . tkfOF xh"/ geGg] xfO x]Nnf]dfq eGg] . csf]{ e]6 geP;Dd kmf]gdf s'/f ug]{ n Û s] df hfg' x'G5 < uf8L 5 < cfk}m rnpg' x'G5 ls rnfpg] dfG5] /fv]sf] 5 < o:t} o:t} ;Djfb rn]y] xfd|f] aLrdf . gofF lhGbuL kfPh:t} b'a} k|k'mNn cg'xf/ lnP/ c:ktfnsf] k|fË0fel/ 5l/Fb} kf]lvFb} / nx/fpb} kmls{Psf lyof+} . u]6aflx/ cfPkl5 uf8L dufpg rfnsnfO{ kmf]g ub}{ lyOg\ . nuftf/ kmf]g ;Dks{ ug]{ lgwf] u/]/ 5'l§Psf lyof} . pgsf] ¿k,af]nLarg / plta]/sf] p3f/f] sLlt{k'/] kmfF6 ;lDFemb} 3/lt/ nfu]y]F d . c:ktfnb]lv z+vd"n;Dds]f af6f] sf6]sf] kQ} ePg . hLjgsf] ;ftf}+ bzsdf 6]Sg} nfu]sf] of] pd]/df Pp6L gg\ e]h gg 8«fO / ;djo:s dlxnf cfTdLo ;fyL aGg cfOk'Ug' v'zL xf] ls cj;fb < d TolQs} rf} rf} eO/xF] . e}+df xf] ls v'§f klg cfsfzd} 5g d]/f < cfk+}m cgle1 lyPF .

3/ k'u]kl5 ;bfe}mF lgoldt lbgrof{ rNb} ubf{ klg ;a} xf];xjf; pt} axlsof] . a]n'sL g} kmf]g u/f}+ ls h:tf] klg nfu]Yof] . …sltj]/ k'Uof}, s;/L k'Uof}, af6f]df slQsf] hfd lyof]Ú cflb ;f]Wg] k|Zg t tdfd lyP t/ cfk}FmnfO{ cln pQfpnf] ag]h:tf] nfUof] . /ftL ;kgfdf klg a]uga]nL OGb|sdn / u'nfjsf] k"mnh:tf] a'§];f/L nx/fpb} d]/f] 3/ au}+rfdf 9sdSs pg} k'mn]sf] b]v]F . laxfg} k]m;a's vf]n]/ pgsf] gfd vf]h]F— cfˆgf] t:jL/ xf]Og xlnpm8sf] 3'dfpg] 3/ /fv]sL /lxl5g\ . k|]mG8 l/Sj]i6 e]l6Pg . ld; eof] xf]nfh:tf] nfUof] . laxfgel/ kmf]g cfpF5 ls eg]/ s'/L/fv]F, cfPg . lbp;f] b'O ah]lt/ cfk}+mn] sn u/]sf] lyPF ,p7]g . To; lbg cln cwL/h:tf] ePF5' . ef]lnkN6 kl;{kN6 klg To:t} eof] . otfaf6 kmf]g ug]{ ptfaf6 gp7fpg] s|d aNemL g} /Xof] . emf]s rn]/ esfes d];]h 6fOk ub}{ k7fpFb} ug{ yfn]F . …cfk"m klg sn gug]{, d}n] ubf{klg gp7fpg], Pp6f d];]h klg gk7fpg] d]/f] klg /]:kf]G; gug]{, s] crDdsf] lgi7'/L cfOdfO{ xf]nf <Ú d o:t} clek|fosf eF8f; kf]Vb} d];]h k7fpFg] ub{y]F . lbg emg\emg\ latL g} /x] . d]/f d];]h klg l5lKkb} uP . …ls t plta]/} ge]6\g' lyof],e]6 u/]klg hLGbuLe/nfO{ ;fyL aGg] afrfaGwg gug'{ lyof],Tof] ;a} u/L;s]kl5 dnfO{ of] jLx8 c/0ok|b]zdf lsg PSn} 5fl8lbPsf] <Ú o:t} k|;Ësf nfdf uGyg 6fOk ub}{ k7fpFb} lyPF . t/ s'g}sf] klg hjfkm cfPg . cfpFb} cfPg . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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lx;fj ubf{ 7\ofSs} rfnL; lbg lat]5g\ pgL;+u e]6]/ s'/f u/]sf] . t/ aiff}{aif{ lat]h:tf] nflu/Xof] . cf}lw xtf; ePF d . dg a/flnof] . lbdfun] sfd ug{ 5f]8\of] . v'§} nfUg 5f]8] lxF88'n ug{ klg . ;ftf}+ xKtf lat]h:tf] nfU5 Ps lbg d];]h k7fPsf] lyPF— …ltdL aLdf/ eof} ls, s'g} b'3{6gfdf t kl/gf} < ef]ln laxfg} ltd|f] 3/ vf]Hb} n¶L 6]s]/ ePklg cfOk'U5' d .Ú clna]/kl5 pt}af6 sn cfP5 . 3'sL{ nufpg] O/fbfn] klxn] t p7fOg, t/ lgs}a]/ s'bf{ klg csf]{ sn t cfPg kf] Û k]ml/ p:t} cwL/ eof] dg . 3'sL{ nufpg] O/fbf t dgsf] n8\8"dfq} ;flat eOlbof] / pN6} cfk\mgf] 3d08 kf] rsgfr"/ eOlbof]— r§fgdf alh|Psf] ;'ufh:t} . km]l/ cfk}mn] ld; sn lbPF —w]/} a]/;Dd rfFr"F ePg . ;+rf/;/0fL TolQs} vl08t eof] .clns j]/kl5 km]l/ pt}af6 sn cfof] . xQkQ p7fPF . clns RoFl¶Psf] dlxnf cfjfhn] cfs|f]lzt njhdf eGb}lyof]— …xF g tkfOFn] s;nfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] < clg To:tf] hyfefjL n]v]/ s] d];]h k7fPsf] < pxfFsf 5f]/f5f]/L gfltn] b]v] eg] s] eG5g\ < Ú pgsf s'/f ;'Gb} d em;Ë ePF . hLjge/ slxNo} gag]sf] ceb| JolQm aGg k'u]sf]df Ps k|sf/n] ;ft} uof] hfgklg . TolQs} kmf]g aGb ug'{ emg} afuLkg lyof] . …h;n] of] gDj/ lbof], p;}nfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] , d];]h k7fPsf]Ú . ;fx; h'6fpFb} emf]sLkf/fn] cfˆgf] arfpdf eg]yF] . pxfF t hfg' ef] . of] df]jfOn dnfO{ lbg' efÚYof] . Ú :j/ l/;fPs} lyof] . …s}n] hfg'eof] < Ú 8/;+u} ljiffbn] eml:sFb} ;f]w]y]F …p;} lbg laxfg} hfg' efÚsf] . lbp;f] tkfOFsf] sn cfPsf] lyof] .Ú pgsf] s'/f ;'Gb} cfª h'?Ë k'mNof] . xftuf]8f nunu sfd]/ efpGg xf]nf em}+ eof] . xf];xjf; 7]ufgdf /x]g . s] ladf/L nfUof] eg]/ ;f]Wg;Dd cfF6 cfPg . …tkfO{+ sf] xf] / pxfFsf] <Ú cln hls{Psf] lyPF d . …pxfFs} 3/sf] sfd ug]{ dfG5] xf] .Ú

…To;f] eP d]/f ;a} d];]hx? l8ln6 ul/lbg' x} gfgL Û Ú d]/f] :j/ ?~r] lyof] . unf k"/} cj?4 lyof] . l/;fpg] cfOdfOn] x'G5 e}m+ u/]/ kmf]g /flvlbOg\ . pgnfO{ ;+lemFb} ;/f;/ cfo{3f6 k'u]F5' . af6fel/ cg]syl/ ts{ljts{ rn] . lar/Lsf] clGtd ;f; sfxfF s;/L uof] xf]nf . b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] eP kfgL lkofOlbg] sf]xL eof] ls ePg Û /fhs'df/L 8fogfsf] d/0f ;+lemPF . Toqf]ljlw ;fwg;|f]t / ;DkGgtf eP/klg lar/L df]6/b'3{6gfn] lynlynf] ag]/ k/dwfd ePsL lyOg\ . logsf] klg g To:t} b'3{6gfn] k|f0f x/0f u/]sf] xf] ls jf < clGtd cj:yfdf Ps 3'6\sf] kfgL lbg] dfG5] klg lyof] ls lyPg < cfsl:ds ladf/Lsf] sf/0f eP s'g c:ktfndf s] /f]un] laltg\ xf]nf Û dgdf ljof]u zf]s / ;Gtfksf] Hjfnfd'vL blGsFb} uof] .

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afudtLdf b'O c~h'nL kfgL pefP/ pgsf] gfpFdf tk{0f lbPF . …lbjËt cfTdfn] lr/ zflGt kfcf];\ Û lar/Lsf] j}s'07 af; xf];\ Û Ú eujfg;+u k|y{gf u/]F . t}klg dgdf slQ zflGt ldn]g .

3/ kmls{Pkl5 klg s'/Ls'/L nflu/Xof] . s] lat]s} x'g\ t pgL < dgnfO{ ;+zon] sf]tg{ yfNof] . b}lgs kqklqsf / cgnfOgx¿df pgsf] gfd hf]l8Psf] s'g} b'3{6gfsf] vj/ kfPsf] 5}g . pd]/ klg Tolt w]/} xf]Og . vf;} /f]uJofw klg 5}g elGyg\ . demf}nf ufF7Lsf] x[i6k'i6 / lrl6Ss 5fF6 k/]sL b]lvlGyg\ . k'R5|]| tf/fh:tf] e'mn'Ss b]vf k/]/ s;/L ;f6;'§ x/fOg\ t pgL < dgdf k|Zg}k|Zg v]n]/ nuftf/ 56k6L eO/x\of] . ef]s lgb|f x/fof] .

Ps lbg ;fx; a6'n]/ ToxL gDa/ nufP/ km]l/ ;f]wLx]/]F—…xFg pxfF s] ladf/Ln] hfg' ef] gfgL < ls PlS;8]G6df k/]sf] xf] <Ú d}n] jfSo k"/f gub}{ tL dlxnf a]kQ} RofFl¶P/ af]lng\— …s:tf] af}nfxf dfG5] /}5 tkfOF . s;n] la/fdL x'gx''GYof] eGof] / < 5f]/LHjfOF;+u} cd]l/sf hfg'ef] kf] eg]sf] . x] b}j Û slt x}/fg kf/]sf] of] dfG5]n] kmf]g u/]/ < wQ]l/sf ÛÛÚ pgsf] s|'4 ss{z cfafh ;'Gb} dnfO{ ug}{gx'Fg] s'g} 7"nf] la/fd u/]h:tf] nfUof] . 5fFufaf6 em/]/ r§fgdf 8ª\u|Ë} ahfl/Psf] cf3ft eof] . c? hjfkm glbP/ lgs}a]/ x8a8fO/x]F . clg s] s] ;f]r]/ xf], c~hfgd} pgsf] Tof] df]afOn gDa/ l8ln6 u/]y]F . To; kl5dfq dgdf cln zflGt ldn]sf] cg'ej ePYof] . t/ cln lbgb]lv km]l/ st} pgsf] sn cfOxfN5 ls eGg] cf; klg a]nf a]nf e'mlNsFb} x/fpFb} ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . t/ ====

;lxt c¿ ;flxlTos klqsf, ljljw ljifosf kf7\o ;fdu|L Pj+ :6]zg/L ;fdfgx¿sf lglDt xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ Û

kf7Ø ;fdu|L k;n -k|f]= sdn ;'j]bL_ hfd] dfs]{6, /Tgkfs{, sf7df8f}+ k;n gDa/ !*, kmf]gM $@$#!%)

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crfgs d]/f] ;fd'Gg] lyO{ zld{nf . Zld{nf yfkf . cfFvf h'Wg] lalQs} d}n] lrlgxfn]+ . p;sf] lrpF8f]sf] vt ;fa"t lyof] . d d':s'/fPF . uf]kL ltdL oxfF < zld{nfn] cf]7 vf]nL . zld{nf Û olQ dfq eg]+ d}n] . d]l/Nof08sf] sf]nlDaofdf of}6f ;fyL;Fu e]6]/ kms{g] qmddf l;Ne/ l:k|+udf Psl5g ;':tfpF / of}6f :of08ljr / skmL lnpF eg]/ d Dofs8f]gfN8df k;]sf] lyPF . c8{/ ug{ nfOgdf a;]s} 7fpFdf zld{nf e]l6PsL lyO{ . n ;Fu}+ s]xL vfpF / ukm klg u?F . d}n] eg]+ . d}n] :of08ljr / skmL eg]+ . clg zld{nfnfO{ eg]+ ltdL s] lnG5f} . p;n] klg :of08ljr / skmL g} egL . clg d}n] k};f lt/]+ . cj xfdL Dofs8f]gfN8sf] of}6} 6]j'ndf cfdg] ;fdg] lyof}+ . clg s] ub{}5f} < ltdL t w]/} jif{ cl3 ljb]z cfPsf]] g]kfnd} ;'g]sf] lyPF . d}n] eg]+ . xf] t, !% jif{ eof] lg . zld{nfn] egL . clg 3/, >Ldfg, aRrfaRrL < d}n] ;f]w]+ . p xfF;L /xL hjfkmdf . s]xL elgg . d}n] klg bf]xf]/\ofP/ ;f]lw+g . a? d}n] k'n'Ss p;sf] cg'xf/df x]/]+ . cg'xf/df bfu} bfu lyof] . ufnfdf rfofF k/]sf] klg b]v]+ . p :of08ljr rkfO/x]sL lyO{ . clg sn]hsf tL lbgx¿ Sof /dfOnf lyP xlu < d}n] eg]+ . xf] t lg . p;n] olQ egL / k'gM :of08ljr rkfpg yfnL . stf a:5f} < d}n] ;f]w]+ . ghLs} xf] . p;n] olQ egL . sn]hdf xfdL ldNg]x¿d} kYof{}+ xf]nf zfob . sIffsf gf]6x¿ ;f6f;f6 22 ÷ /rgf

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uYof}{+ . ;f6f;f6 eGg'sf] dtnj d]/f] gf]6 g} k|fo: p nfg] uyL{ / # lbgsf nflu eg]/ !% lbgdf d'l:snn] kmsf{pg] uyL{ .

PskN6 lkslgsdf ;fyLx¿sf] pS;fx6df d}n] cln a9L lkP5' / afGtf u/]+ . Tof] j]nfdf p;n] kfgL NofP/ d]/f] yfKnf]df xflnlbPsL lyO{ . clg d'v w'g d2t u/]sL lyO{ . clg kl5kl5 klg To:t/L 5fb cfpg] u/L glkpg';\ x} eGyL . t/ Tof]eGbf lgs6tf s]xL ePg . p ;fyLx¿dWo] clns gSsnL gSsnL vfnsL lyO{ . t/ af]nL jrg /fd|f] lyof] . crfgs p;sf] ;]nkmf]gsf] 306L aHof] . p;n] P;, P;, cfO{ ljn lj b]o/ og 6]g lkmlK6g ldg]6 egL / kmf]g /fvL .

To;kl5 p;n] dnfO{ k'n'Ss x]b{} egL, dnfO{ of}6f sfd k/\of], b; ldg]6 k/ 8«k ul/lbG5f} < d}n] eg]+, e}xfN5 lg .

To;kl5 xfdL p7\of}+ / Dofs8f]gfN8sf] kfls{+u n6df /fv]sf] d]/f] sf/df xfdL a:of}+ . d}n] ;f]w]+, s'g 7]ufgfdf hfg] xf], d lhlkP;df xfN5' lg . p;n] egL, ghLs} xf], d 8fO/]S;g lbG5' .

To;kl5, bfofF, afofF eGb} of}6f ljzfn ckf6{d]06 ejgsf] d'lg k'/\ofO{ / egL, YofFSo", df}sf ldn] e]6\b} u/f}+ g . xfdLn] kmf]g g+ ;f6f;f6 u/\of}+ . zld{nf ckf6{d]06 ejgsf] d"n u]6lt/ nflu . d klg cfˆgf] 3/lt/ nfu]+ . s]xL xKtf otf 3/ z"Go z"Go ePsf] lyof] . >LdtLhL cfˆgL alxgLsxfF xjfO{ uPsL lyOg\ s]xL xKtfsf nflu 5f]/Lsf] :s"nsf] ;d/ Eofs];gsf] cj;/ 5f]k]/ . d]/f] sG;lN6+usf] sfddf klg vf;} Jo:ttf gePsfn] d;Fu ;do k|z:t lyof] / uf8L lnP/ slxn] skmLzk, slxn] Dofs8f]gfN8 hfg' / ;do s6fpg' d]/f] lbgrof{ ag]sf] lyof] . slxn]sfxL+ jfg{]; P08 gf]j]n a's;k uP/ Pp6f k':ts jf klqsf lng' / ToxL+ leqsf] skmLakdf a;]/ skmL lkpFb} k':ts jf klqsf k9\g' d]/f] csf{] ;do s6gLsf] d]nf] lyof] . cj o;} jLrdf crfgs zld{nf e]l6PsL lyO{ . ;fFem kg{] t/v/ e};s]sf] lyof] . d /]i6?ddf l5/]+ / zfj/ lnPF . clg k|m]; eP/ lk|mhaf6 cfO; lgsfn]+ / lXj:sL lunf;df xfn]+ $.% lk; clg Ps nfh{ k]u Hofs 8]lgon lXj:sL vGofPF . clg Ol08og :6f]/af6 NofPsf] xlNb/fdsf] e'lhof Kn]6df vGofPF . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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Ps ufF; e'lhof d'vdf xfn]kl5 Ps r':sL lnPF lXj:sL . of] r':sL;Fu} zld{nfsf] cfjfh sfgdf u'l~hof], To:t/L 5fb cfpg] u/L glkpg';\ x} . zld{nfsL lbbL pld{nf g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf sfd uyL{ . of] zld{nfn] g} atfPsL lyO{ . d]/f] Pshgf ;fyL klg /fi6« a}+sdf sfd uYof]{ . p pld{nf a}+ssL ;jn] cfFvf nufpg] ;'Gb/L xf] eGYof] . ljb]zL kfx'gf cfpFbf ;bfjxf/ lnofhf] clkm;/ pld{nf g} x'g] s'/f d]/f] ;fyLn] atfPsf] lyof] . d}n] pld{nfnfO{ slxNo} e]l6+g, To;}n] zld{nfeGbf pld{nf slt /fd|L xf] 5'6\ofpg] cfwf/ lyPg . km]l/ zld{nf d]/L g a]i6 km]|08 lyO{ g t k|]ldsf g} . t/ Pslbg crfgs zld{nf Snf;df b]lvOg . bf];|f] lbg klg b]lvOg . em08} kGw| lbgsf] cg'kl:yltkl5 zld{nf b]vf k/L cgf}7f] ¿k /Ëdf . km'Ë p8]sf] cg'xf/ lnP/ . p;n] ?Fb} atfO{, pld{nfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] vj/ . To;}n] p sn]h gcfPsL /lx5 . xfdL ;jn] ;fGTjgf lbof}+ . t/ p eGyL, p;sf] cfly{s d]?b08 g} pld{nf lyO{ . cj p;sf] k9fO{sf] eljiodf vt/f ePsf] atfO{ . xfdLn] ;'Gof}+ dfq . d klg of}6f ;fdfGo kl/jf/sf] JolQm ePsfn] s]xL eGg] jf lbg] s'/f d;Fu lyPg . d]/f] k"j{:d[ltdf x/fPsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;]n kmf]gsf] 306Ln] eË ul/lbof] . >LdtLsf] kmf]g cfpg] j]nf ePsf] lyof] . cS;/ p olt g} j]nf kmf]g ug{] uyL{ . d}n] kmf]g p7fpFb} eg]+, cF, eg eg s] 5 < d zld{nf . ptfjf6 cfafh cfof] .

P P , cF eg g . d}n] eg]+ . s] ub{} x'g'x'G5 < p;n] ;f]wL . lXj:sL lkpFb}5' . d}n] eg]+ .

5fb cfpg] u/L glkpg';\ x} Û zld{nfn] egL / d/Ld/L xfF:g yfnL . lkpg] eP cfp, dnfO{ ;fy x'G5 . d}n] eg]+ . x}g, 6fpsf] b'v]sf] 5 . kl5 s'g} j]nf . p;n] egL . x'G5 lg . d}n] eg]+ . lbpF;f] /fO8 lbPsf]df wGojfb x} . zld{nfn] egL . s]xL 5}g . s]xL k/] eGg" lg . d ;Sbf] u?Fnf . d}n] hjfkmdf eg]+ .

ToxL t, dnfO{ uf8Lsf] cln k|f]An]d 5 s], To;}n] s]xL lbgsf nflu d2t g} rflxPsf] 5 . x'G5 . e}xfN5 . d}n] olt s] eg]sf] lyPF, >LdtLsf] kmf]g cfPsf] d}n] 24 ÷ /rgf

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;]nkmf]gsf] :s[gdf b]v]+ clg zld{nfnfO{ eg]+, >LdtLhLsf] kmf]g cfof], kl5 s'/f u/f}+nf lg x} . p;n] cf] s] afO{ eg]kl5 d}n] klg afO{ eg]+ / >LdtLhL;Fu s'/f ug{ yfn]+ . zld{nf;Fu lgoldt kmf]g ;Dks{ a9\of] . p d;Fu v'n]/ s'/f ug{ yfn]sL lyO{ . xfd|f] s'/fsf] ljifo pxL SofDk; j]nfsf ljleGg ;Demgfdf ;Lldt x'Gy] . t/ tL cgGt lyP . slxNo} g;lsg] . slxn]sfxL+ ToxL ljifodf bf]xf]¥ofP/ s'/f ubf{ klg /dfOnf] nflu/xg] . lsg o:tf] ePsf] d cfkm}+ 5Ss lyPF . zld{nfn] csf{] lbg /fO8 dfuL . p;n] lbPsf] 7]ufgfdf k'u]+ . Tolt /fd|f] a:tL h:tf] nfu]g . sfnf hfltsf, lx:kflgsx¿, ef/tLo, kfls:tfgLx¿, aFunfb]zLx¿sf] jfx'No ePsf] 6f]n /x]5 . zld{nfn] lbPsf] 7]ufgfdf uP/ 9f]sfdf k'Ubfk'Ub} p;n] egL, nf} cfOk'Uof}+ . Psl5g x} eg]/ p;n] dnfO{ 9f]sfd} kvf{O{ . clg Ps} l5gdf xtf/ xtf/ ub{} lgl:sO{ . d}n] uf8L kfs{ u/]sf] 7fpFdf s]xL cwj}+;]x¿n] xfdL b'O{nfO{ Sjf/SjftL{ x]/] . t/ d}n] s'g} dtnj ul/+g . sf]7f c:tJo:t eP/ leq gaf]nfPsf], dfO08 gug{' n . p;n] egL . d}n] hjfkmdf k'n'Ss p;sf] cg'xf/df x]/]+ . p xNsf xfF;L / dnfO{ 8fO/]S;g lbg yfnL . cfhsf] uGtJo cl:tgsf] eGbf km/s lyof] . cj cfOk'Uof] eGb} lyO{ zld{nf, p;sf] kmf]gsf] 306L aHof] . p;n] p7fOg . km]l/ 306L aHof] . o;kN6 eg] p7fO{ / egL, h:6 c lkmp ldg]6 . cfO{ Pd P/fOle+u . of] kN6 of}6f cln 7"nf] vfnsf] 3/5]pdf /f]Sg egL . k'/fgf] / 7"nf] 3/ lyof], zfob of] klg Pkf6{d]06 g} lyof] .

YofFs o" uf]kL . p;n] sf/sf] 9f]sf vf]Nb} egL / xtf/ xtf/ Tof]] 3/sf] d"n 9f]sflt/ nfuL . d kmls{PF . o:tf] qmd s]xL k6s rn]kl5 Pslbg zld{nfn] Pslbg egL, ltdLnfO{ b'Mv lbPF xlu < xf]Og . s]xL 5}g . d}n] eg]+ . p xfF;L . d}n] eg]+, clg Ps ;fFem l8g/ vfpF g . d}n] k|:tfj u/]+ . zld{nfn] ;xif{ :jLsf/ u/L . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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;fFemsf] j]nf . xfdL klxnf af/df uof}+ . clnslt l8+«s u/]kl5 zld{nfn] egL, lhGbuLdf o;/L cd]l/sfdf ltdL;Fu e]6 xf]nf eGg] d}n] ;f]r]sf] lyO{+g . d}n] klg . d}n] eg]+ . d]/f] clnslt ;d:of eP/ sf/ 5}g . To;}n] ltdLnfO{ b'Mv lbPsf] . zld{nfn] egL . s]xL 5}g . of] t d]/f] nflu v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . d}n] eg]+ . d]/L 5f]/L sf/ PlS;8]06df k/]/ lat]kl5 t d l8k|]; ePF lg . zld{nfn] egL . s;/L < d]/f] nf]Ug] 7Ls dfG5] lyPg . xfd|f] ;DaGw 7Ls lyPg . ;Fu} eP klg k/b]zL em}+ al;/fv]sf lyof}+ . 5f]/L 8«lui6x¿sf] ;+utdf kl/5 . yfx} ePg .

Ps ;fFem k'ln;n] 3/df gs u/\of] / 5f]/Lsf] 8«fOe/ nfO;]G; b]vfpFb} eGof], p PlS;8]06df k/L . d xtfl/+b} k'ln;;Fu} c:ktfn k'Ubf ToxfF 5f]/L xf]Og 5f]/Lsf] nfz lyof] . zld{nf ;'Fs;'Fsfpg yfnL . d}n] p;nfO{ ykykfpg yfn]+ . e}uf], of] b'Mv eGof lhGbuLdf kl//xg] s'/f xf] . p;n] olt eg]/ cfF;' k'5L clg lXj:sLsf] 7"n} r':sL nufO{ . pld{nfn] cfTdxTof u/]kl5sf lbgx¿df zld{nf sn]hdf cfpg clgoldt eof] . Ps lbg s;}n] atfof], 7d]nsf] s'g} 6«fen Ph]G;Ldf sfd yfn]sL 5 . km]l/ s;}n] s'g} lbg atfof], zld{nfn] k]6 af]s]sL 5 . km]l/ csf{] vj/ cfof], p;n] Pjf];{g u/L . clg Pslbg s;}n] atfof] p ljb]z p8L . t/ sxfF kQf] lyPg . To;kl5 Ps}kN6 e]6 eof] cd]l/sfdf . vfgf vfPkl5 d}n] eg]+, d 6\ofS;Ldf 5fl8lbG5' x} . p;n] ;xdlt hgfO{ / d}n] p;nfO{ 6\ofS;Ldf p;sf] lgjf;df 5f8]/ cfˆgf] 3/ kms{]+ .

To;sf] rf/lbg;Dd zld{nfsf] kmf]g cfPg . d klg sG;N6]G;Lsf] sfddf Jo:t ePF . xjfO{sf] Eofs];g ;s]/ >LdtL / 5f]/L csf{] xKtf cfpFb} lyP .

To;kl5 t d zld{nfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;lSbg . o:t} ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . zld{nfsf] kmf]g cfof], d]/f] sf]7fdf Psl5g cfp g . d p;sf] sf]7fdf k'u]+ . p t ;'lt/x]sL /lx5 . lagf vf6sf] d}nf] cf]5\ ofg . l5+8Lsf] sf]7f . c;/Nn ;fdfg . of] s'g} cd]l/sfsf] 3/sf] sf]7f h:tf] g} nfu]g .

26 ÷ /rgf

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zld{nfn] egL, d t la/fdL k/]+ lg uf]kL . s] ;xof]u u/f}+ < d}n] eg]+ . kfFr ;o 8n/ ;fk6L b]p g x} . u'g dfg'Fnf lg . p;n] egL . nf} To;f] eGg' k5{ / . d cfO{ xfn]+ x} . d olt eg]/ p7]+ clg kfls{+u n6df uP/ uf8L :6f6{ u/]+ . ghLssf] a}+sdf uP/ Pl6Pdaf6 kfFr ;o lgsfn]+ / kmls{PF . d}n] kfFr;o zld{nfsf] xftdf ydfO{ lb+bf p;sf] cg'xf/ s[t1tfefjn] pHofnf] b]lvof] . d lrof agfpF5' x} . p;n] egL . e}uf] . d}n] eg]+ . x}g x}g sd;]sd lrof t lkp . p;n] lh2L u/L . ltdLnfO{ ;Grf] ePsf] eP :6f/jS; hfg'x'GYof] . d}n] eg]+ . hfpFnf lg s'g} lbg . p;n] egL / lrof a;fnL . lrof lkPkl5 d}n] eg]+, l56f] ;~rf] x'g' . kmf]g ub{} ug{' . ;s]sf] d2t u?Fnf . o;} xKtf >LdtL / 5f]/L xjfO{jf6 kms{G5g\, cln lahL x'G5' xf]nf . p;n] hjfkmdf egL, e}xfN5 lg . d zld{nfsf] sf]7fjf6 lgl:sPF, clg kfls{+u n6df k'U5' t Tot} jl/kl/ b]lvg] s]xL dflg; d]/f] uf8L jl/kl/ 5g\ . of}6f blIf0f PlzofnL d"nsf] nfUg] vfO{nfUbf] dflg;n] d]/f] s7fnf] ;dfTof] / eGof], lstgf n]tL x} atfcf] g . cfh /fts] lnP o] cf}/t xd]+ rflxP . d 8/n] sfFKg yfn]+ . p;sf jl/kl/sf s]6fx¿ xfF:g yfn] . cj of] ;+s6af6 s;/L aRg] xf]nf < Hofg s;/L hf]ufpg] xf]nf . d]/f] cf]7d'v ;'Sof] . la:tf/} To;n] d]/f] s7fnf] 5f]8\of] / eGof], ;fnf af:6f8{ lkDk .

To;n] 5f]8]kl5 d uf8L leq k;]+ / xtf/ xtf/ :6f6{ u/]/ cfˆgf] 3/lt/ nfu]+ .

3/df k'u]/ Uof/]hdf uf8L /fv]/ sf]7fdf cfOk'Ubf klg d]/f] sfgdf ToxL cfjfh u'l~h/x]sf] lyof], af:6f8{ lkDk . àh'nfO{ !#, @)!*, sf7df8f}+ gggprerana@gmail.com

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dw]zaf6 xh"/cfdf 8'+u'/ sf;]nLkft lnP/ 5f]/fsf] 3/ sf7dfG8" udL{ 5Ng cfOk'u]sL lyOg\ . Pp6f 5f]/f ;x;lrj lyP , a'xf/L klg a}+sdf xflsd lyOg\ . Pp6L gfltgLsf] lax] e};s]sf] lyof] ,csf]{ hDdfhDdL Pp6f gflt lyof] , lgs} efsn;fsn u/]/ a'9];sfndf kfPsf] .

To;}n] a'9LnfO{ gflt ;fx|} lk|o lyof] . x'sf{{PsL klg pg}n] lyOg\ . xh"/cfdf ;fx|} sd{7 dlxnf lyOg\ , 5f]/f kfFr jif{ 5Fbf g} nf]Ug] Pp6f b'3{6gfdf lgwg ePkl5 ;f/f ;+;f/ pg}n] ;Dxfn]sL lyOg\ . lbp;f] gflt sxfFaf6 xf] xlNn+b} 3/ cfOk'Uof] / æef]s nfUof]Æ eg]/ xNnf drfpg yfNof] . afpcfdf lyPgg\ , clkm; uPsf lyP . o:tf]df vfhf t xh"/cfdfn] g} Vjfpg' kg]{ lyof] . To;}n] s/fpg yfNof] . P3f/ Snf;sf] hfFr lbP/ a;]sf] s]6f] xh"/cfdfeGbf klg rnfv lyof] . vfhf dfUg'sf] k5fl8 To;sf] kSs} s'g} p2]Zo lyof] . xh"/cfdf clncln s'/f] a'lem/fv]sL lyOg\ . æ s] vfG5;\ vfhf < d}n] cfˆg} v]tsf] dudu jf:gf rNg] af;dtL wfgsf] lrp/f s'6fP/ NofPsL 5' , ld>L;Fu vf t Sof dL7f] x'G5 . Tof];Fu Pp6f cfFksf] crf/ klg lbpFnf . uha x'G5 Æ.— eGb} vfhf lbg p7\g vf]h]sL t gflt nfl8+b} s/fof] —ævfGg d Tof] lrgL lrp/f . cfhsfn klg s;}n] lrgLlrp/f vfhf vfG5 < xh"/ g} vfg' cfˆgf] lrgLlrp/f .Æ æcfˆgf] 3/sf] lrp/fsf] vfhf Sof vf;f x'G5 tFnfO{ s] yfxf . kmfOa/ x'G5 , z'4 x'G5 . To} ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] hf}sf] lrp/frflx+ cf]6 eg]/ plkm|plkm| vfg x'g] ,z'4 3/ufpFsf] g]kfnL lrp/frflx+ g x'g] < Ps k6s vfO{ t x]/ Û ld>L;Fu gvfg dg nfu] gvf, ;Sv/;Fu vfOx]/ t emg\ Sof dL7f] x'G5 . hlt rkfof] plt dL7f] x'G5 af;dtL lrp/f . yf 5 tFnfO{ <Æ—xh"/cfdfn] kmsfpg] sf]lzz ul/g\ t/ cfhsfnsf s]6fx¿ s] 6]y]{ . kmgkmlg+b} p7\of] / s/fof] — æ dnfO{ l/; g p7fpg' x} xh"/cfdf , /fd|f] vfhf lbg] eP lbgf];\ l5§} ,xf]Og eg] d hfG5' aflx/ .dnfO{ To:tf] u'lnof] vfhf dg kb}{g , xh"/ g} vfg' Æ. æ n e}uf] , u'lnof] gvfg]] eP gvf . KjfSs klxn] d'vel/ lrp/f xfn , clg Ps b'O{ k6s rkf . dL7f] cfpg yfN5 clg clnstf g"g rf6 / 28 ÷ /rgf

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Ps 3G6fleq 8]lne/L Ajfon] lkhf NofO{ klg k'¥ofof] . xh"/cfdfn] cldnf] lgrf]/]sf]h:tf] d'v kfb}{ kfFr;o ?lkofF ltl/g\ . ptf gflt s]6fn] lkhfsf] a§f htgsf;fy vf]Nof] / r§ Pp6f :nfO; lems]/ RjfdRjfd vfg yfNof] . xh"/cfdf klg s] /}5 of] lkhf egfFpbf] eg]/ a§f vf]n]/ x]g{ yflng\ , gfltrflx+ dlRrdlRr pgnfO{ b]vfO{b]vfO{ emg\ lrhnfO{ /\ofNn kf/]/ xh"/cfdfnfO{ lh:SofO{ lh:SofO{ vfg yfNof] . æo} xf] lkhf egfpFbf] s] s] g h:tf] < sf]bf]sf] /f]6Ldfly Tof] s] s] hflt , uf]ne]8+ f,Kofh xfn]kl5 Tof] lkhf eof] < clg Tof] l;Fufgh:tf] s] /\ofNn lems]sf] t}n + ] l3gnfUbf] u/L < t}n + ] sf]bfsf] /f]6L vfG5' xh"/cfdf eGof eP t d} ksfOlbGy]+ lg . xfd|f] jxfF 3/df e}; + Ln] vfg] sf]bf] t}+ vflGy;\ . kfFr kfFr;o ?lkofF o;/L gf; kfg'{ t kb}G{ Yof] .Æ— xh"/cfdfn] gfs v'DRofpFb} elgg\ . æxh"/ rfvL x]g'{;\ t clg yfxf x'G5 sf]bfsf] /f]6L xf] ls s] xf] Æ eg]/ gflt Ps :nfO; lkhf lnP/ xh"/cfdsf] d'vdf sf]Rofpg bu'¥of] . xh"/cfdf efufefu ug{ yflng\ . k]6 6gf6g kf/]kl5 gflt æd t uPF ca ;fyLx¿;Fu 3'DgÆ eg]/ lx+8\ of] , s] s] g laTofh:tf] u/]/ . Tof] lkhf sfG8 x'Gh]n;Dddf aL;f}+ k6s kmf]g cfO;s]sf] lyof] p;sf] . xh"/cfdfnfO{ emsf]{ nfu]/ ;f]w]sL klg lyOg\ —ætF b'O{ laTtfsf] dfG5]sf] slQsf kmf]g cfPsf] emsf]{ g} nfUg] u/L . g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqLsf] klg olQ kmf]g cfpFb}g xf]nf . k9\g'n]v\g' gu/, olQs} d]/f] 5f]/f]n] kl/>d u/]/ sdfPsf] k};f p8f kmf]gdf .Æ gflt aflx/ lx8]kl5 pgL klg vfhf vfOj/L kz'kltlt/ nflug\ . pgL klxn] u'x\o]Zj/L k'lug\ / bz{g u/Lj/L e¥ofªlt/af6 kz'kltlt/ :ofF:ofF / ˆofFˆofF ub}{ plSng yflng\ .

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To:tf] b]v]/ xh"/cfdfsf] kf/f rl9uf] . ;/f;/ uP/ k5fl8af6} Tof] s]6Lsf] s7fnf] ;dft]/ l/;n] cfuf] x'Fb} lrRofOg\—æt]/Ldf alhgL Û gsRr/L Û nfhzd{ kf]n]/ vfPsL . d]/f] afnv gfltnfO{ To;} vfpFnfh:tf] u/L RofKg nfh nfUb}g tFnfO{ Æ. s]6L Tof] ck|Toflzt cfs|d0fn] gLnLsfnL eP/ y/y/ sfFDg yfnL . gflt xh"/cfdfnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} 8/n] ys{dfg e}xfNof] . Ps zAb af]Ng ;s]g . $ ptf xh"/cfdf eg] s]6LnfO{ cF6\7\ofPsf] cF6\7\ofO{ l3;fg{ yflng\ —æ hlGdg kfPsf] 5}g tFnfO{ kf]O rflxg] e};Sof] < lx+8 u'x\o]Zj/L ,d cfh} ltdLx¿ b'a}sf] lax] ul/lbG5' clg of] alhofnfO{ klg 3/af6 lgsflNbG5' . t]/f afpcfdfn] klg tFnfO{ lgsflNbxfN5g\ clg 6fFl:;/xg' hlt dg nfUof] plt . gfO6f] emg{ kfPsf] 5}g logLx¿nfO{ 6fFl:;g' kg]{ . afpcfdfn]rflx+ k9\g k7fpF5g\ , logLx¿rflx+ /f; nLnf u/]]/ a:5g\ Æ. ToltGh]n s]6L XjfFXjfF ?g yfln;s]sL lyO{ . p s'g} k|sf/n] cfkm"nfO{ xh"/cfdfsf] al3gL k~hfaf6 km':sfP/ efuL . gflt t klxn] g} eflu;s]sf] lyof] .

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g]kfnsf] e"uf]nj]Qf 6f]gL x]ug dfly sf/jfO{sf] cb[Zo kf6f] b]ljrGb| >]i7

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g]kfndf cfw'lgs lzIffsf] nflu /fHo cufl8 g;g]{ k|j[lQsf] nfdf] Oltxf; kfOG5 . t/ oxfF tGg]/L k':tfsf] lgdf{0f eg] s;}n] /f]s]/ /f]lsg] s'/f xf]Og . ltgsf nflu ;B lzIff bLIffsf] k|jGwdf zf;sLo d08nåf/f g} ljb]zdf k9\g k7fOg] k|yf eg] :jfefljs g} dfGg'k5{ . hj ls o:tf] cj;/ ltg} zf;sLo d08nsf gofF k':tfn] dfq kfpF5g\ . o;} qmddf >L # rGb| zdz]/ /f0ffsf] zf;gdf pgsf rfs8Ljfn kfq sfzLgfy cfrfo{sf] Ps 5f]/f nId0f dl0fnfO{ ljl6z ef/tsf] snsQfdf k9\g k7fPsf lyP ;/sf/L 5fqj[lQdf . pgn] ToxfF e"ue{zf:qsf] (Geology) Ps ljifo ;d]t lnP/ :gfts pQL0f{ eO{ g]kfn kms]{ . clg g]kfndf >L # rGb| ;dz]/sf ;fd' cfkm"n] k9]/ cfPsf] e"ue{ zf:q ;Da4 sfd ug]{ cj;/ vf]Hg' t :jfefljs klg xf] . o;df g]kfnsf vfgLx¿sf] vf]hk8tfn ug]{ ljz]if sfd kg{ cfpF5 . t/ o:tf] o'jf k':tfsf] ck]Iff cyf{t\ dfu b]v]/ >L # rGb| ;dz]/ klg cToGt ql;t ePsf] 5gs kfOG5 . g]kfndf o:tf ax'd"No vlgh kbfy{sf] vf]hL eO/fv]sf] rfn kfPkl5 To;df ef/t ;fd|fHosf c+u|]hx¿sf] lu4b[li6 kg]{ s'/fsf] c7f]6 u5{g\ pgL M >L # rGb| ;dz]/ . o:tf] zf;sLo qf;sf] v'nf;f u/]sf 5g\ pg} nId0fdl0fsf 5f]/f dbgdl0f bLlIftn] cfˆgf] Pp6f ;+:d/0fdf . oxfFg]/ >L # rGb| zdz]/n] cfˆgf cfKt sfzLgfy bLlIftnfO{ ;+emfpF5g\Ù nIDf0fn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns -x'g'kg]{ ef}ule{s_ ;e]{ u5'{Ù vfgLx¿ kQf nufpg] sfd u5'{ eG5Ù To;f] u¥of] eg] t g]kfn} vtd x'G5 eg]5g\ . pgsf] bfjL s] lyof] eg] olb g]kfndf To:tf ax'd"No vfgLx¿ kQf nfu] eg] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf g} vt/fdf kg]{5 . ef/tdf cfˆgf ;fd|fHo hdfO/fv]sf c+u|]hx¿n] g]kfn} vfOlbG5g\ . o;/L >L # rGb| ;dz]/sf] kfnf;Dd g]kfnsf] ef}ule{s ;j]{If0f (Geological Survey) b]lv q:t zf;sLo dfGotf /x]sf] zf;g d08ndf >L # h'4 ;dz]/ /f0ffsf] kfnfdf cfP/ s]xL kl/jt{g ePsf] cfef; ldN5 . pgn] g]kfndf If]qut cfly{s ;j]{If0f ug]{ ;/sf/L ljefu g} vf]n]/ To;sf] tfn's o'js /f0ff ljho ;dz]/nfO{ lbPsf] b]v]/ o;nfO{ zf;sLo d08ndf kl/jt{gsf] hdsf]{ cjZo dfGg;lsG5 . zfob o;s} k|efjdf k/]/ xf]nfÙ >L # df]xgzdz]/ /f0ffn] cfˆgf] zf;gsf] z'¿df g} ;+o'Qm /fi6« 36 ÷ /rgf

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;+3af6 e"ue{zf:qL lemsfP/ g]kfndf ;'g nufot vfgLx¿sf] vf]hk8\tfn ug]{ sfo{ef/ ;'Dk] . o;}sf] lgldQ vl6P/ cfPsf x'g\ 6f]gL x]ug U.N. Geologist sf ¿kdf . of] s'/f xf] ;+jt @))% ;fnsf] cf;Gg ;do . Toltv]/ g]kfn ;+o'Qm /fi6«sf] ;b:o klg lyPg , tyflk g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'/f]wdf 'U.N. Geologist' vl6g' g]kfnk|lt ljZj rf;f]s} pbfx/0f rflx+ eGg ;lsG5 . ;fy} g]kfndf /f0fftGqsf] lj?4 lg0ff{os cfGbf]ng ug]{ t/v/df lyP g]kfnL hgtf . o:tf] ;+uLg cj:yfdf Ps cGt/f{li6«o ko{j]Ifs eP/ klg 6f]gL x]ugsf] pkl:ylt g]kfndf /Xof] . To; cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f rZdbLb pgnfO{ kfP/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltn] sf]N6] km]g{ nfu]sf] avtsf] Psdfq ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ;fIfL klg pgL ePsf 5g\ . oxL cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"lddf /fhf lqe'jgn] ef/tsf] g]kfn b"tfjf;df z/0f ln+bf g]kfnL hgcfGbf]ngsf] klg cGt/f{li6«os/0f eof] . To; cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf l5d]sL ef/tsf] cltl/Qm ;d'b|kf/ la|6]g / cd]l/sf ;d]t nfUgfn] g]kfnsf] cGt//fli6«o 5lj g} klxnf]kN6 b]vf k¥of] . To;s} kl/0ffd lbNnL ;+emf}tf eP/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts k|jfx g} ablnof] /fhf / hgtfsf] kIfdf . o;kl5sf lbgx¿ g]kfndf ljsf;sf s'/f p7\g yfn]kl5 :jL; ;xfotf lgof]u klxnf]kN6 :yflkt ePsf] dfWod klg pg} 6f]gL x]ug b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . o;} k|;+udf pgn] g]kfnsf] b"/ b/fh u'kmf sGb/fx¿, pQ/L e]s lxdfnL v08x¿ dgUo rxfg]{ cj;/ e]§fP k}bn g} lx+8]/ . o;af6 g]kfndf pgsf] x}l;ot klg abln+b} uPsf] kfOG5 . e"ue{ljb\sf ¿kdf g]kfn k|j]z ug]{ 6f]gL x]ug t e"uf]n j]Qfsf ¿kdf k|lti7flkt x'Fb} uP . ;+=@))& ;fndf g]kfndf em'Ns]s]f k|hftGq hu]gf{n] s/Lj $ jif{ hlt latfpb} ubf{ o;sf k|jt{s /fhf lqe'jgsf] eg] rf]nf g} p7\of] . gofF /fhf dx]Gb|sf] /fHof/f]x0fsf ;fy g]kfndf cfly{s ljsf; / /fhgLlts ljsf;sf cfofdx¿ ylkP . g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;b:otf kfP/ o;sf] ;fj{ef}d ;Qf / :jtGq /fi6«sf] 5lj ljZj ;d'bfodf :yflkt eof] . t/ oxfF /fhgLlts cGof}n / ;+qmd0fsfn eg] nlDab} uP/ /fhsLo ;fdGtjfb xfjL x'g] cj;/ kfP/ /fhfn] g} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% hf/L ubf{ o; cGtu{t ;+;bsf] nflu cfd lgjfrg ;DkGg eof] Oltxf;d} klxnf]kN6 . pko'{Qm /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] kl/k|]Ifdf g]kfnL /fhtGqsf] pHofnf] 5lj cGt/f{li6«o If]qd} k|v/ b]vf k¥of] . To;sf] cGto{ ku]{Ng eg] g;ls/fv]sf] cj:yfdf 6f]gL x]ugsf] Nepal the Kingdom in the Himalaya zLif{s c+u|]hL efiffdf k|wfgdGqL ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] e"ldsf ;lxt o"/f]kdf 5flkPsf] lrqdo ;f]xL k':ts g} g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cWoog lgldQ pDbf cg';Gwfg s[lt 7xl/P/ g]kfn leq–aflx/ cToGt rlr{t x'g yfn]sf] jvt k"0ff{Í – !%%

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g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf eg] PsfPs u|x0f nfUof] . g]kfndf /fhgLlts åGåsf] lgldQ l;lh{t o; 36gfsf] pxfkf]xtkm{ nfuf}+ . k/Gt', To;sf] c;/ 6f]gL x]ugdfly klg k/]sf] b]v]/ To;jf/] clxn];Dds} cb[Zo kf6f] dfq clnslt vf]tNg vf]lhPsf] 5 . olt~h]n pgsf] k"j{ 5lj U.N. Geologist sf] x}l;otdf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ bfloTjdfly g} k|Zg p7fOPsf] kfOG5 . oltv]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo e"ue{ljb\sf] x}l;otdf pgn] u/]sf vf]hktfnsf] k|ltj]bg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] vf]hL ug{ yfNof] . s/Lj Tolt g} v]/ pgsf] g]kfn ;DjGwL csf]{ s[lt g]kfns} ef}ule{s ;"rgf ;lxt hd{g efiffdf o"/f]kdf k|sflzt ePsf] k':ts ;dLIff b]vf k/]sf] s'/f ;'Ggdf cfof] . To;af6 6f]gL x]ugn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo e"ue{ljb\sf] x}lo;otn] g]kfndf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ glbOsg} o"/f]kdf k|sflzt u/]sf] cf/f]kdf pgLdfly sf/jfO{sf] yfngL eof] ;+=@)!* ;fn lt/ d]lhi6«]6 clkm; sf7df8f}+df . Toltv]/ pgn] dnfO{ lbPsf] cfˆg} x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] Nepal : the Kingdom in the Himalaya sf] k|lt ;'/lIft 5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ef}ule{s ;j]{If0faf/] pgsf] k|ltj]bg >L % sf] ;/sf/l;t 5}g eg] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df klg lbPsf] 5 ls 5}g cg';Gwfgs} ljifo x'g ;S5 . o;n] t z'¿b]lv g} ljb]zL ljz]if1sf] ultljlwdfly g]kfnLx¿n] lgu/fgL ug{ g;s]sf] sdhf]/L tkm{ g} OlËt u5{ . o;} k|;Fudf x'g'k5{, pgL 6f]gL x]ug g]kfnsf] cy{zf:qL e]if/fh zdf{sf] sfo{sIf lqk'/]Zj/df b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] b[Zo d}n] cem} la;{g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy}, cfly{s ljsf;sf] :jL; 9fFrfaf/] klg ToxfF rrf{ x'g] u/]sf] k|;+u klg d]/f] :d[lt k6ndf 5Fb}5 . Toltv]/ Royal Nepal Economist sf] gfdn] e]if/fh zdf{åf/f k|sflzt låeflifs klqsfdf g]kfn / :jL6h/Nof08sf] t'ngfTds cWoog b]vf kg]{ u/]s]f klg e]l6G5 . t/ kl5 s] eP/ xf] w]/} jif{ pgL g]kfndf b]vf k/]gg\ . o;} cGt/fndf >L % dx]Gb|sf] b]xfGt eP/ gofF /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] pbo ePkl5 pgL km]l/ g]kfndf em'lNsP . clg g]kfndf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x¿sf kIfdf 6f]gL x]ugsf] e"ldsf af/] klg g;'lgPsf] xf]Og .

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j]DnL :6]l8oddf Ps kmGsf] 5lj/d0f l;njfn

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5f]/f nf]s]zn] eg]sf] lyof], …afaf ;Dej eP d]gr]i6/ o'gfO6]8 / lne/k'nsf km'6an :6]l8oddf klg k'Ug' xf]nf .Ú dnfO{ yfxf lyof] k'm6an k|ltsf] p;sf] qm]h slt 5 eg]/ To;}n] p;nfO{ dg kg]{ :6]l8odsf] gfd k7fPsf] . / p;sf] dg kg]{ km'6jn Snj d]gr]i6/ o'gfO6]8 xf] . d}n] ljho;Fu ;f]w]+ …5f]/fsf] rfxgf cg';f/ ToxfFsf :6]l8od;Dd k'Ug' kg]{ ef] ;lsPnf t <Ú …bfO{ oL t cln 6f9} 5g\, tkfO{;+u Ps xKtfsf] ;do 5 ToxL klg b'O{ lbg laTg nflu ;Sof], t/ oxL+ ghLs} j]DnL :6]l8od 5 ToxfF;Dd k'uf}F g cfh .Ú n08gsf] d]/f] bf];|f] lbgsf] tflnsf vf;} s]xL lyPg . ofbj kf7s / 5f]/L clDasf;Fu e]6\g] ;do ldnfPsf] lyof] . d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ cnkf]6{gdf e]6\g] eg]sf] lyPF, t/ k'gM kmf]]g u/]/ j]DnL :6]l8ods} cf;kf;df e]6\g] hfgsf/L lbPF . o;} cg'¿k xfdL nGr u/]/ &( gDa/sf] /ftf] a; r9]/ cnkf]6{g tkm{ nfUof}F . n08gsf] /ftf] a;n] dnfO{ nf]Eofof] oxfF . b'O{tn] ;f] a;sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf a;]/ j/k/sf] kl/j]z x]b}{ ofqf ug{' /dfOn} cg'ej lyof] . a; :6]zgx¿df ;do tflnsf 5, sxfF hfg] xf] eg]s} ;dodf Ps ;]s]08 klg l9nf gu/L a; cfOk'U5g\ . /]n ;]jf p:t} 5, gfd eGbf klg hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf / sfd oxfF b]lvof] . /ftf] a;df ofqf ul//xFbf dnfO{ g]kfnsf] a; ofqfsf] ;Demgf dfq}n] klg cfª lhl/ª\u u/fof] . cf]xf] s;/L sf]R5g\, ofq'x¿nfO{ dfgf}+ ofq'x¿ u'Gb|'s x'g\, hlt sf]Rof] plt cldlng' kg]{ . gfd dxfgu/ 5 sfd ;]jf ;'ljwfljxLg 5 . w'nf] d}nf] htftt} 5 . vfN8fv'N8L p:t} laxfg 3/af6 lg:s]kl5 a]n'sf 3/ k'lub}g ls eGg] qf; p:t} 5 xfd|f] dxfgu/df . t}klg xfdL lg/Lx eP/ lrQ a'emfP/ a;]sf 5f}+ . dfgf}F ;xg' xfd|f] lgolt xf] . l;lG8s]6n] ;a}lt/ ufFh]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] af6f] agfpF5, l;l08s]6wf/Lx¿ k};f c;'N5g\, pN6f] ultdf bf}l8/x]sf] xfd|f] b]zsf] l;:6d slxn] ;'w|]nf < cQf]kQf] 5}g . d 6f]nfO/x]sf] kf] /x]5' . ljhon] emS\emSofP/ eg] …zfob bfO klg o:tf] g]kfndf slxn] xf]nf eg]/ ;f]lr/xg' ePsf] xf]nf . o:tf] ;a}nfO{ dx;"; x'G5 bfO . s] ug]{ xfd|f] lj8Dagf g} oxL 5 . b]zsf] lrGtf ug{nfO{ k|z:t} ;do 5 bfO, clxn]rflxF ofqfsf] cfgGbdfq} lnFbf /fd|f] xf]nf .Ú bfO t 6f]nfpg' ef] lg s] eof] / <Ú k"0ff{Í – !%%

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xf] t, efj's x'g' d]/f] :jefj xf] . lgZro klg oxfFsf] ljsf;, Jojl:yt l;:6d, kof{j/0f b]Vbf g]kfnh:tf] b]zsf xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] b]z klg o:tf] slxn] xf]nf eg]/ sNkgf cfpg', cfˆgf] xfntnfO{ otfsf] ;d[l4;Fu t'ngf u/]/ b'Mv nfUg' c:jfefljs klg lyPg . ;a}nfO{ c¿sf] h:t} cfˆgf] b]zsf] klg ;d[l4 xf];\ eGg] /x/ cjZo} x'G5 . t/ Ps xKtfsf nflu 3'Dg cfPsf] d o;/L b'MvL x'g'sf] s'g} cy{ klg t lyPg . g d of]hgf cfof]u cyjf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/;DkGg kf]:6sf] dfG5] g} lyPF hf] oxfFsf] ljsf;af6 k|efljt eP/ cfˆgf] b]zdf klg To:t} s'/f nfu" u/fpg ;s"F . d t zf;sx¿ / ltgsf sfo{sf/Lx¿sf] s'zf;gaf6 zfl;t eO/x]sf] ;j{;fwf/0f dfq} lyPF . To;}n] d]/f o:tf s'/fsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . o;n] t d]/f] ofqfnfO{ g} g/dfOnf] agfOlbG5 eGg]tkm{ ljhosf] ;+s]t lyof] . pgn] ;r]t agfPnuQ} d}n] cfˆgf] dgnfO{ em\ofnaf6 aflx/ b]lvg] b[Zox¿sf] cf:jfbgd} s]lGb|t ug{ k'u]F . af6fx¿, 3/x¿ htfht} p:t} 5g\ . uf8Lx¿ Psn] csf{nfO{ pl5Gg] k|lt:kwf{df 5}gg\ . logLx¿ cfˆgf] lglZrt ultdf cg'zf;ga4 eP/ u'l8/x]sf 5g\, dfgf}F oL uf8L geP/ k/]8 v]ln/x]sf l;kfxL x'g\ . af6f]df kg]{ SjLG;j/L, ls+U;j/L x'Fb} xfdL j]DnL ;]G6/tkm{ u'l8/x]sf5f}F . lSjG;j/L 6]s]b]lv g} d]/f] dgdf Pp6f lh1f;f v]ln/x]sf] 5 . af6f]df uf]/f] 5fnf ePsf dflg;x¿ sd} b]lv/x]sf] lyPF d . a9L OlG8og / kfls:tfgL clg clkm|sg cg'xf/x¿ g} b]lvP . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] lxy|f] Po/kf]6{af6 ;Lw} otf cfof] eg] gofF dfG5] d a]nfotd} 5' t eg]/ em'lSsg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . lsgeg] xfd|f] ;fdfGo a'emfOdf a]nfot eg]kl5 uf]/fx¿sf] e"ld g} xf] . t/ of] af/]df s]xL s'/f ug{ dg nfu]g . zfob Unf]anfOh];g eg]sf] oxL xf]nf eGg] ;f]r]/ lrQ a'emfPF .

Pp6f c;fWo} snfTds dlGb/sf] ghLs} xfdL a;af6 plqof}F . a]nfotL lqmlZrogsf] e"lddf olt eJo / snfTds lxGb" dlGb/ b]Vg kfpFbf d xlif{t\ ePF . xfdL af6f] kf/ u/]/ dlGb/tkm{ nfUof}F . leq k:g] u]6 klg k"/} s'FlbPsf] snfTds lsl;dsf] lyof] . dlGb/sf] gfd /x]5 >L aNnelglw dlGb/ h;nfO{ ;gftg dlGb/ klg elgg] ub{5 . leq k:bf bz{g ug]{sf] nfOg lyof] . af]lnrfnL / ¿k/ªn] tL ;a} ef/tLo d"nsf b]lvGy] . aflx/k6\ l6 kfnleq /flvPsf] Pp6f 7"nf] lzjlnª\udf b"w r9fpg]sf] 3'OFrf] lyof] .

ToxfFsf] /ldtf Psl5g x]/]kl5 xfdL dlGb/leq k:of}F . dlGb/leq lxGb" wd{sf gfd ;'g]hlt ;a} b]jLb]jtfsf d"lt{x¿ b]Vg kfOof] . x]b}{ af]Nnfg\h:tf tL hLjGtnfUg] d"lt{ s'Fb\g] snfsf/nfO{ ;nfd ug{ dgnfUof] dnfO{ . b]jL b]jtfsf gfdx¿ eg] ef/tLo To;df klg u'h/ftLx¿sf] ;+:sf/;Fu ldNg] lsl;dn] /flvPsf] klg b]Vg kfOof] . Pp6f vfln 7fpFdf 40 ÷ /rgf

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a'9L cfOdfO{x¿ u'h/ftL efiffdf ehg ufP/ al;/x]sf lyP . km/s ;+:sf/, km/s wd{ / km/s vfnsf] hLjg z}nL ePsf] b]zdf cfˆg} efiff, ;+:sf/ / hLjgz}nLdf o:tf] lsl;dsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ kfpFbf ltgnfO{ kSs} klg v'zL / ;Gt'li6 dx;"; eO/x]sf] xf]nf eGg] cGbfh u/]F d}n] . of] b]Vbf dnfO{ cToGt} cfgGb klg nfUof] . otfplt x]b}{ dlGb/sf af/]df klg s]xL tYout hfgsf/L lng] sfd eof] . of] dlGb/ @=$ Ps8 If]qkmndf cjl:yt /x]5 . of] kTy/} kTy/n] ag]sf] dlGb/ xf] . /dfOnf] s'/f t of] dlGb/df nufOPsf kTy/x¿ ;a} ef/taf6 s'Fb]/ NofOPsf] /x]5 . of] dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f lxGb" k|frLg lzNkzf:qn] lgb]{z u/] cg';f/ ePsf] /x]5 . o;df k|lt:yfkg ul/Psf b]jL b]jtfsf d"lt{x¿ dxfef/t, /fdfo0f, >ldb\efujt cflbsf syfx¿sf cfwf/df lgld{t /x]5g\ . xfdLn] b]jtfx¿;Fu s]xL dfUg' lyPg . …oxfFsf] b]jtfn] u'h/ftLsf] dfq} efiff a'em\5 bfO, b]ptf;Fu s]xL j/bfg dfUg' a]sf/ 5 .Ú eGb} ljhon] Joª\Uo ul//x]sf lyP . Tof] Joª\Uo b]jLb]ptfdf ljZjf; gug]{ ljhosf] ;fdfGo 76\6f lyof] ls cyjf oxfF wd{sf gfddf x'g] ;fDk|bflostfdfly Joª\Uo lyof] Tof]rflxF d}n] a'lemgF . xfdL 5]j}df afFl8Psf] u'lnof] k|;fb u|x0f ub}{ aflx/ lgl:sof}F . ljhon] h] eg] klg dnfO{ dlGb/sf] b'O{j6f kIfn] c;fWo} k|efljt agfO;s]sf] lyof] . Pp6f, dlGb/sf] snfTdstf clt g} dgdf]xs / sf}znn] o'Qm lyof] eg] csf]{rflxF ljb]zdf lxGb"wd{ dfGg]x¿sf nflu cfˆgf] dfgl;s / cfWoflTds ysfgnfO{ la;fpg] rf}tf/Lsf] ¿kdf of] dlGb/sf] 7"nf] dxTj /x]5 eGg] ljZjf; dnfO{rflxF eO/x]sf] lyof] . oxfF dnfO{ cln 5'6\6} nfUof] n08gsf c¿ :yfgx¿ eGbf . k|foM uf]/f] 5fnfx¿ ToxfF b]lvPgg\ . uf8L u'8fpFbf klg k]n]/} xfFSg], h]a|fqml;ªdf klg g/f]Sg] k|j[lQ cfSsnem'Ssn d}n] b]Vg kfO/x]sf] lyPF oxfF . dnfO{ cl3 af6f]df cfpFbf o; 7fpFk|ltsf] cfˆgf] ljZjf; clnslt 3l6;s]sf] lyof] . o;n] d ef/tsf] s'g} k|fGtdf 5' h:tf] e} /Xof] dnfO{ . leQf / af6f]x¿df klg kfg vfP/ y's]sf, af6f]df kmf]xf]/x¿ b]lvP . of] b]Vbf dgdf nfUof]– cflv/ dfG5]n] cfˆgf] hGdhft ;+:sf/ t hxfF uP klg sxfF 5f8\g] /x]5 / . …;'Fu'/nfO{ :ju{Ú eGg] rlr{t g]kfnL pvfg oxfFsf cfk|jf;Lx¿n] rl/tfy{ u/fO/x]sf] b]v]/ d lhlNnPF . …bfO, nG8gsf] kfg rfVg'x'G5 t <Ú d kfgsf] ;f}vLg t xf]Og tfklg slxn]sfxLF vfpmF vfpmF nfU5 . ;'l/P/ d}n] eg]F – …n08gsf] ef/tdf cfPkl5 t kfg vfg} k¥of] lg <Ú kfg k;ndf k'u]/ kfgsf] d"No b]Vbf g} ;ftf] p8\of] klxn] t . …Pp6f kfgsf] % kfpG8 cyf{t\ nueu g]kfnL & ;o ?lkofF <Ú klxn] t o:tf] nfUof] . t/ 7fpF cg';f/ of] :jfefljs} xf]nf eGg] nfUof] . b'O{ cf]6f ld7\7f kfgnfO{ !) kfpG8 k"0ff{Í – !%%

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lt/]/ kfg rkfpFb} xfdL Psl5g ;fgf] ahf/ 3'Dof}F . ahf/df s'tf{;'?jfn, ;f8Lsf k;nx¿, uxgf, d"lt{ k;nx¿, Pl;og vfB;fdu|Lsf k;nx¿ dfq} b]Vg kfOof] ToxfF . lxGbL, u'h/ftL / >Ln+sg efiffx¿ a9L af]ln/x]sf] ;'lgof] . ;f8L, s'yf{;'?jfn, nufPsf dflg;x¿sf] afx'No ToxfF b]Vbf cfkm"n] cl3 pkdf lbPsf] …nG8gsf] ef/tÚ zAb 7Ls} nfUof] . sxLF sxLF t ;fOgaf]8{ g} lxGbL / u'h/ftLdf b]lvGy] . ofbj kf7shLsf] kmf]g cfof] . xfdLn] pgnfO{ j]DnL :6]l8odsf] cf;kf; cfpg cfu|x u¥of}F . clg ToxfF k'Ugsf nflu km]l/ /ftf] a; ;dfTof}F . o;k6ssf] /ftf] a;rflxF Pstn] dfq} lyof] . t/ ;a} l;:6d Pp6} /x]5 . ofbjhL cfO;s]sf lyPgg\ . To;}n] xfdLn] :6]l8odsf] Ps rSs/ nufpg] lg0f{o u¥of}F . nfdf] l;F9L r9]/ :6]l8od plSnFb}df To;sf] eJotfn] dnfO{ cToGt} k|efljt agfO;s]sf] lyof] . d}n] j]DnL :6]l8od a]nfotsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] km'6an :6]l8od xf] eGg] s'/f st} k9]sf] lyPF . t/ Tof] ;To xf] xf]Og yfxf ePg . o;df &) xhf/ l;6 /x]5g\ . dnfO{ leq k:g dg lyof] / dHhfsf] kmf]6f] lvr]/ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf] km'6ansf] km\ofg 5f]/f nf]s]znfO{ k7fP/ OVofpg' lyof] . t/ leq k:g kfOPg . ToxfF s'g} v]n gePsf] / dd{t ul//x]sfn] :6]l8od 3'Dg gkfOg] /x]5 . gq cl3kl5 k};f lt/]/ 3'Dg kfOg] Joj:yf /x]5 . To;}n] xfdLn] aflx/}af6 Ps rSs/ nufof}+ . Ps rSs/ nufpgs} nflu klg lgs} ;do nfUof] xfdLnfO{ . 5f]/fnfO{ k|df0f k]; ug{sf] nflu s]xL kmf]6f]x¿ klg lvlrof] . s]xL If0f cufl8 3fd nfu]sf] df};d clxn] kfgL knf{ h:tf] eP/ cfof] . t/ kfgL kl/xfn]sf] rflxF lyPg . lr;f] lr;f] xf]nfem}F 7':; k/]sf] 5 df};d . xfdL :6]l8od 3'ld;Sbf g;Sb} 5f]/L clDasfsf] klg kmf]g cfof] . pgnfO{ klg xfdL /x]sf] nf]s]zg lbP ljhon] . d t gf}nf] g} 5' sxLF st} s]xL yfxf 5}g . ljhon] htf hfcf}F eG5g\ pt} nfU5' . h] xf];\ 5f]6} ;do eP klg n08gsf] 3'd3fd dxTjk"0f{ aGb}5 . xfdL :6]l8odaf6 tnlt/ emb}{ 5f}F . oxfFsf 3/x¿ c¿ :yfgx¿ eGbf a]Un}, 7"nf / cfsif{s lyP . xf]6nx¿ dgUu] lyP . v]n ePsf] lbg t oxfF af6f] l5rf]Ng d'l:snh:t} x'G5 c/] . tn cfpFb} ubf{ d}n] xfd|f] b]zsf] Psdfq bz/y /+uzfnfsf] hL0f{ ePsf] cj:yf ;lDemPF– s7} d]/f]] b]z Û xfdLnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf rflxF v]nf8Lsf] c;fWo} /fd|f] k|bz{gL rflxG5 . t/ To;sf nflu /fHo kIfsf] tTk/tf kbs lhtfpg] lsl;dsf] 5 t < d]/f] dgdf k|Zg hlGdG5 . wGg xfd|f v]nf8Lx¿ v]ln/x]sf 5g\ Û o:t} gePklg Pp6f /fd|f] / Jojl:yt :6]l8oddfq} agfpg ;s] klg slt /fd|f] x'GYof] xf]nf . d]/f] sNkgfdf km]l/ b]z g} cfO/x]sf] lyof] .

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PSsfl; d}n] dflyaf6} tNnf] af6f]df lxl8/x]sf ofbj kf7snfO{ b]v]+ . af]nfpFbf klg ;'Gg] lyP xf]nfg\, ToxfF lrRofpg] s'/} ePg . xQ g kQ l;9LF cf]n]{/ bf}l8Fb} pgsf] xft ;dfPF . pgL t em08} em'Ss]sf /x]5g\, Psl5g t 6\jfNn k/] . clg nuQ} …P bfO kf]Ú eg]/ bª\u k/] . d bf}l8Psf] b]v]/ ljho klg lhlNnP/ kl5 kl5 bf}l8P5g\ . h] xf];\, Psl5g /dfOnf] eof] . ofbjhL;Fu ljhosf] kl/ro u/fOlbPF . n08gdf klxnf] rf]l6 e]6]sf ljho / ofbjhLsf aLr rn]sf] jftf{ k"j{kl/lrtsf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . v'n]/ s'/f ug]{ ofbjhLsf] :ki6jflbtfn] xfdLnfO{ ;xh agfOlbPsf] lyof] . xfdL dHh}n] ulkmPsf lyof}F w]/} kl5 e]6ePsf ;fyLx¿ cfk;df aft df/]h:t} . xfdL Pp6f Sofkm] cufl8 a;]/ 5f]/L clDasfnfO{ s'l//x]sf 5f}F . xfdL ToxfF al;/xFbf s]xL dfG5]x¿ u'6'6' s'b] / kl5 kl5 c¿ klg s'b] . …lsg bf}l8P oL dfG5]x¿ <Ú d]/f] lh1f;fsf] hjfkmdf ofbjhLn] eg], bfO logLx¿ k;nsf] s]xL rf]/]/ efu]sf x'g\ . clg ;]So"l/6Lx¿ kqmgnfO{ kl5kl5 s'b]sf .Ú …cf]xf], nG8gdf klg lbg bxf8} rf]/L <Ú 5Ss kb}{ d}n] of] b[Zo x]l//x]F . Ps}l5gdf ;]So"l/6Lx¿ To;} kmls{P . h'Qf rf]/x¿ efu]sf] efUo} eP . d]/f] dgdf lh1f;f a9\of] . …v}, kqmg ;s]gg\ t logLx¿n], n'?Ss eP/ kf] kls{P t <Ú d}n] cfˆgf] v'Nb'nL t]:of{PF . ;]So'l/6Lx¿sf] cfˆgf] lglZrt ;Ldf/]vf x'Fbf]/x]5 . To;nfO{ kf/ u/]/ pgLx¿ rf]/nfO{ ;dfpg hfg kfpFbf /x]g5g\ . ofbjhLsf] s'/f ;'Gbf cgf}7f] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . Tof]eGbf cgf}7f]rflxF o:tf] ljsl;t d'n'sdf klg lbgbxf8} rf]/L ePsf] b]v]/ nfu]sf] lyof] . To;f] t ;+;f/df h'g;'s} 7fpFdf klg ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'j} kIf t eOxfN5 lg eg]/ cfˆgf] cgfjZos lh1f;fnfO{ r"k u/fPF d}n] .

Tolta]n} clDasf cfOk'lug\ . w]/} jif{ eof] pgL;Fu ge]6]sf], cfh e]6\g] ;do h'/]5 . of] la/fgf] d'n'sdf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ e]6\g kfpFbf lgs} v'zLnfUbf] /x]5 . 5f]/Lsf] d'xf/df b]lvPsf] v'zLsf] d}n] cg'dfg nufPsf] lyPF . ;+of]un] cfh a'afsf] d'v x]g]{ lbg k/]sf]] 5 ofgL s';] cf};L .

5f]/Ln] ld7fOsf] kfs]6 lbFb} elgg\ …d g]kfn hfg g;s] klg ;fg'afaf ot} cfP kl5 d lgs} v'zL 5' .Ú d}n] klg g]kfnaf6 nu]sf s]xL pkxf/ 5f]/LnfO{ lbPF . xfdL afa'5f]/Lsf] s'/f ;'g]/ ljho / ofbj lgs} efj's ag]sf lyP . ofbjhL klg clns k/ uP/ g]kfndf a'af;Fu s'/f ul//x]sf lyP . aflx/ clns hf8f] dx;"; ePsf]n] ghLs}sf] skmLzkdf uP/ skmL lkof}F . w]/} s'/fsfgLx¿ eP . a]nfotsf] hLjg slt Jo:t / sl7g 5 eGg] lsl;dsf s'/fx¿ eP . lgs} /dfOnf] lyof] Tof] If0f . 5f]/fsf] OR5f klg k"/f ul/Psf] lyof], 5f]/L / ofbjefO;Fu klg e]6 eof], o:tf dxTjk"0f{ If0fx¿ hLjgdf k|foM b'n{e g} x'g] ub{5g\ . xfdL skmL lkP/ k'gM j]DnL :6]l8odnfO{ bfofF kf/]/ uf8L kfls{ªlt/ nfUof}F . xfdL a;df kms{g] eGbf k"0ff{Í – !%%

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ofbjefOn] d 5fl8lbG5' eg]/ c8\8L s;]kl5 pgs} sf/df xfdL r9\of}F . x'g t pgnfO{ hfg' kg]{ eGbf ljk/Lt lbzfdf lyof] xfdL hfg] 7fpF . t/ pgsf] lh2Lsf] cufl8 xfdL gtd:ts eof}F . g]kfndf r9g g;s]sf] laPd8An' sf/ n08gdf rl9of] . af6fdf g]kfnLn] c¿ hfltsf dflg;x¿af6 ef]Ug'k/]sf] x]kfOsf s'/f klg eP . ljz]ifu/L ef/tLo d"nsf clnslt ;DkGgx¿n] g]kfnLnfO{ x]Kg] u5{g\ eGg] s'/fx¿ ToxfF eP . clDasfn] t pgLx¿;Fu cfP klg lxGbLdf s'/f t ug}{ x'Fb}g, g]kfnL eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 p;} x]K5g\ emg\ lxGbLdf s'/f ug{ yfNof] eg] t pgLx¿ dflnssf] em}F Jojxf/ ug{ yfN5g\ eGg] cg'ej ;'gfOg\ . pgsf s'/f ;'g]/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ef/tn] b]vfpg] dflnSofOFk"0f{ Jojxf/nfO{ ;lDemP/ dg g} cldnf] eof] . eGgnfO{ c;n l5d]sL elgG5, t/ gful/ssf] tx;Dd klg Tof] Jojxf/ x'g' eg]sf] t ;+:sf/ut q'l6 g} xf] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ . Tof] s'/fnfO{ ;xL yfKb} ofbjhLn] …g]kfnLnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L x]Kg] t g]kfnLn] g} xf] . To;}n] a]nfotdf hf]lug'kg]{ rflxF g]kfnLl;t xf]Ú kf] eg] . of] s'/fk|lt d}n] s'g} k|ltlqmof hgfOgF . t/ d]/f] dgdf g]kfnL g]kfnLaLr a9\b} uO/x]sf] c;f}xfb{tfsf] cfFwL ljb]z;Dd klg km}ln;s]5 eg]/ g/dfOnf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL Psn] csf]{nfO{ l;Wofpg], ;xof]u gug]{ lsl;dsf] k|j[lQ eof] eg] t ljb]zdf g]kfnLsf] k|efj alnof] ;d'bfosf] ¿kdf slxn] klg x'g;Sg] 5}g . cGttM o;n] s;}nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg] 5}g eGg] dnfO{ nflu/x]sf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ Phjo/df k'¥ofP/ ofbjhL lu|gljrtkm{ kmls{P . clDasf klg aLraf6f];Dd pgLl;t} kmls{Og\ . csf]{ lbg ldnfP/ pgsf] 3/df k'Ug] jfrf u/fP/ dfq} pgL labf eP . ofbjhLsf] ldng;fl/tfaf6 d Psbd} k|efljt eO/x]sf] lyPF . cfh clns rfF8} 3/ kmls{Psf lyof}F . 8f=¿ks >]i7hL;Fu e]6\g] ;do ldnfPsf] sf/0fn] xfdL 3/ rfF8} kms]{sf lyof}+ . af6f]df cfpFb} ubf{ pxfFsf] ;do gldNg] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf]n] 3/d} k'u]/ cf/fd u/f}F eGg] nfUof] . yfxf 5}g, oxfFsf dflg;x¿ ;fFlRrs} Jo:t x'g\ cyjf e]6\g grfx]/ xf] . to eO;s]sf] e]63f6 klg gx'FbfrflxF dgdf cs}{ lsl;dsf gsf/fTds ljrf/x¿ k}bf x'Fbf /x]5g\ . dg lvGg eO/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] 3/ k'u]/ s]xL If0f kl5 aRrfx¿;Fu ghLs}sf] kfs{df 3'Dg lgl:sPF . pgLx¿l;t Ps}l5g v]Nbf klg dg clnslt xn'sf] eof] . kfs{af6 kms]{kl5 d}n] km];a'sdf j]DnL :6]l8odsf] kmf]6f] kf]i6 u/]sf] lyPF . a]nfotdf cWoogsf nflu a:b} cfPsf slj Pjd\ pkGof;sf/ 3gZofd v8\sfhLn] t'?Gt} kmf]6f]df nfOs u/] / Dof;]h n]v]–…d klg ot} 5' sljhL e]6fF} g .Ú xfdL ev{/} Tot}af6 cfPsf lyof}F t}klg Pp6f ;fyL 44 ÷ /rgf

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;flxTosf/nfO{ ljb]zL e"lddf e]6\g kfpg'sf] v'zLn] dnfO{ rsrsL eO/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] a]n'sLsf] vfgf vfP/ xfdL km]l/ j]DnLlt/} xflgof}F . a]nfotdf cWogsf] l;nl;nfdf /x]sf v8\sf lgs} ldng;f/ 5g\ .

7d]nsf] uNnLdf lxl8/xFbf klg dnfO{ gaf]nfO{ lx8\b}gg\ . lgs} k'/fgf] ;DaGw 5 pgL;+u . pgL a]nfot cfpFb} ubf{ d}n] lhl:sP/ eg]sf] klg lyPF–pt} gx/fpg' xf]nf x} < geGb} clxn] cfˆgf] sf];{ k"/f u/]/ g]kfn kmls{;s]sf 5g\, pgL /fd|f slj / s'zn kqsf/ klg x'g\ . pgn] pkGof;df klg cfˆgf] bvn b]vfPsf 5g\ . pgn] n]v]sf] …lgjf{0fÚ g]kfnL pkGof;sf] If]qdf cnUu} ljifoj:t' / k|:t'lt ePsf] ;'Gb/ lstfa xf] h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ .

7\ofSs} lbpF;f] skmL lkPsf] sf]:6f skmL cufl8 g} 3gZofdhLnfO{ e]l6of] . pxL pHofnf] cg'xf/, x/bd d':s'/fO/xg] 3gZofdhL a]nfotdf a;]/ kl/jt{g ePh:tf] k6Ss} nfu]g . p:t} xflb{s Jojxf/ . xfdLn] ;fdfGo cf}krfl/stfsf] ;f6f;f6kl5 st} a;]/ lrof skmL lkpmF eGg] s'/f eof] . t/ dnfO{ skmLsf] eGbf klg g]kfnL lrofsf] tntn nflu/x]sf] lyof] . d}n] t elgklg xfn]F – v} …dnfO{ t g]kfnL kf/fsf] lrof kf] lkpmF lkpmF nfUb}5 t .Ú d}n] lrofsf nflu dl/xQ] u/]sf] t lyOgF, vfln ukm} ukmdf elglbPsf] dfq} lyPF . t/ 3gZofdhLn] eg] o;nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s g} lnOlbP / eg] … oxfF ghLs} j]DnL tGb'/L gfds g]kfnL /]:6'/]G6 klg 5 . ToxL hfpmF g t .Ú clg pg}n] xfdLnfO{ cUnf cUnf lalN8ªx¿sf] aLrlt/af6 5l/Psf 3'dfp/f af6fx¿lt/ 8f]xf]¥ofP . j]DnLsf] of] zLtn ;fFem c;fWo} ;'Gb/ 5 . htftt} pHofnf] . /]:6'/]G6x¿afx]s c¿ ;a} k;nx¿ aGb eO;s]sf 5g\ . dflg;x¿sf] eL8 klg 36]sf] 5 . of] zLtn zflGtdf lxF8\g'sf] dHhf a]Un} x'Fbf]/x]5 . ljhosf] klg k'/fgf] lrgfhfg /x]5 3gZofdhL;Fu . t/ w]/} jif{kl5 e]6 ePsf] /x]5 . pgn] cfˆgf] syf;ª\u|x …cgfj/0fÚ 3gZofdhLnfO{ pkxf/ lbP . slxn] 3gZofdhLsf] a]nfotL cg'ej ;'Gb}, slxn] pgn] hf]8 lbg] u/]sf] …:6«]; Dofg]hd]G6Ú sf pkof]uL s'/fx¿ ;'Gb} xfdL la:tf/} lxFl8/x]sf 5f}F . 7fpF 7fpFdf kmf]6f] lvRg cndlnG5f}F klg . 3l/ 3l/ k'/fgf ;Demgfx¿ klg sf]6\l6b}5g\ . g]kfnL ;flxTosf ljleGg ;Gbe{x¿ klg plKs/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL nueu aL; ldg]6hlt ;8slt/} cndlnof}F xf]nf . t/ olt 5f]6f] cjlwdf klg xfdLn] a[xt\ ljifodf s'/fsfgL ug{ EofO;s]sf lyof}F . x]g'{;\ t g]kfnLsf] k|ltef Û lalN8ªsf r]kx¿af6 tlGsPsf 3'dfp/f af6fx¿ l5rf]ln;s]kl5 km/flsnf] ;8sdf lgl:sFbf Ps}rf]l6 t]lhnf] pHofnf]n] cfFv} vfof] . xfdL d"n ;8sdf cfOk'Uof}F . cufl8 ;fgf] ahf/ lyof] . xf]rf xf]rf 3/x¿ lyP . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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cl3 lxF8]sf] ;+;f/eGbf cnUu} h:tf] . ;8s kfl/k6\l6 y'k|} /]:6'/]G6 / af/x¿ b]lvP . 3gZofdhLn] ;8s kfl/sf] j]DnL tGb'/L /]i6'/]G6df k'¥ofpg' eof] .

Pshgf g]kfnLbfOn] xfdLnfO{{ :jfut u/] . vfgf t xfdLn] vfO;s]sf lyof}F . vfln sfnf] lrofsf] OR5f lyof] Tof] pgn] k"/f ul/lbP . lrof lkpFb} klg xfdL xfd|f] ukms} lg/Gt/tfdf lyof}F . d cfkm" sd af]Ng] 3gZofd / ljhosf a]nfotL cg'ej ;'Gg] a9L ul//x]sf] lyPF .

3gZofdhLsf] k9fO ;lsO;s]5 . ca dxLgflbgd} pgL g]kfn kmls{Fb} 5g\ . s'/}s'/fdf ;do olt 3ls{;s]sf] lyof] t/ s'/fsf] la6 dfl/g] 5fF6 b]lvPsf] lyPg . ysfO klg nflu;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] cfkm\gf s'/fx¿nfO{ Tolts} cnkq 5fl8lbP/ xfdL p7\of}F / g]kfnL bfOnfO{ lrofsf nflu wGojfb lbFb} aflxl/of}F . ca oxLFaf6 xfdL 5'6\l6of}+ . 3gZofdhL :6]l8ods} af6f]lt/ nfu], xfdL eg] 6«]g :6]zglt/ .

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/fqL a;sf] l6s6 lnP/ klxnf]rf]l6 d afUn'ª ahf/af6 sf7df8f}Fsf nflu lg:sFbf dg r~rn lyof] . ;femf a;sf] Tof] ofqf b]zsf] /fhwfgLsf nflu dfq lyPg, ;kgfsf] /fhwfgLsf nflu ;d]t lyof] . d a;sf] Soflagdf a;]sf] lyPF . afË]rf}/sf] 3'DtLaf6 sflnsf eujtL dlGb/sf] bz{g u/]/ a;n] lbzf kl/jt{g u/];Fu} rfnsn] uLt ahfP, /ljg zdf{sf] :j/ u'l~hof]=== ækjg klg /f]sL/f]sL d]/f] ;fy lxl8/x]5 ;fu/ klg pnL{pnL{ d]/f] ghLs cfO/x]5 s;nfO{ afF8"F cfh d xfF;f] cw/el/ plDn/x]5== cfh ;f/f z/L/el/ v'zLsf] nx/ 5fPsf] 5 .Æ s:tf] ;+of]u . dg xif{n] pdlËt ePsf] 5 . uLtn] dfG5]sf dgx¿nfO{ ldnfOlbG5 . jf:tjd} slt hLjGt 5g\ o; uLtsf zAbx¿ . af6f] s;/L sfl6of], dnfO{ yfx} ePg . d'lUng cfof] . ævfgf vfpFÆ eGb} ;xrfns / ofq'x¿ s/fO/x]sf] cfjfhn] d]/f] /fhwfgLaf/]sf] ;f]rfOsf] Psfu|tf eË eof] . ofq'x¿ vfgf vfg lgl:sP . jl/kl/ x]/F] . ;8ssf aQLx¿n] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ul//x]sf lyP . lbpF;f]sf] 3fdsf] pHofnf]eGbf k[ys\ 5 Tof] pHofnf] . ToxL pHofnf]leq ;a}n] cfˆgf] uGtJo vf]lh/x]sf lyP . sf]xL otf, sf]xL ptf ul//x]sf lyP . ;a} cf cfˆg} w"gdf kfgL, lrof, rfprfp, la:s'6, s]/f, :ofp lslg/x]sf lyP . xf]6]ndf vfgf vfg]x¿sf] nfOg 5 . dnfO{ g ef]s, g Kof; . s]jn /fhwfgLsf] tLvf{ . pT;fx / sf}t"xnsf ;fy cfsf+Iffsf] kf]sf] af]s]/ kRrL; jif]{ josf] d hGde"ldsf] dfofnfO{ ;Demgfsf t/]nLx¿df t}/fpFb} d'lUng, gf}la;] x'Fb} yfgsf]6sf] psfnf]nfO{ l5rf]Nb} snÍLsf] hfddf hflsg k'u]F . /fte/sf] Tof] ofqfsf cg]s :d[ltx¿nfO{ ;fFr]/ laxfg ^ ah] xfdLn] cw{lgb|fsf aLr afuahf/sf] xf]6n wf}nflul/df uf]N8:6f/ h'Qfsf kfOnfx¿ 6]sfpg k'Uof}F . s]xL 3G6f cf/fdkl5 ;Fu} ofqf/t d]/f bfh"nfO{ ;f]Fw],æca xfdL sltv]/ sf7df8f}F k'U5f}F <Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof], æoxL xf] sf7df8f}F, ca lrof lkP/ aflx/ lg:sf}Fnf .Æ xf]6naflx/sf] uNnL / rf]slt/ x]/]F . d}n] ;f]r]sf] / d}n] ;Dem]sf] d]/f] /fhwfgL t k"/f kmf]xf]/n] ufFlhPsf]] /x]5 . ljBfyL{ / dfG5]x¿ sldnfsf] k"0ff{Í – !%%

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tfFtLh:t} cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ul//x]sf lyP . ;8ssf k]6Lel/ t/sf/L / kmnkm"nx¿ la5\ofOPsf lyP . cfjfhdfly cfjfhx¿n] sfgdf ‰ofpFls/Lsf] af; u/]sf] cg'e"lt lbO/x]sf] lyof] . sxfF hfg] < s] ug]{ < of] sf]nfxfn zx/df < P:fPn;L k/LIff lbP/ nfx'/] hLjgsf] vf]hLdf d'Unfg t/]/ ef/t k'u]/ kms]{sf] kfFr jif{ hGde"ld a;fOkl5 d klxnf]k6s sf7df8f}F l5/]sf] lyPF . d sf7df8f}F l5/]sf] Tof] @)^) ;fnsf ;Demgfx¿n] clxn] klg t;f{O/xG5g\ .

To;a]nf sf7df8f}Fdf clwsf+z hdLg vfnL lyof] . ToxfF v]tL ul/GYof] . clxn] h:tf] sª\lqm6sf] hËn lyPg . sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf hlGdP/ (( jif{ JotLt ul/;s]sf jfª\odo ztfAbLk'?if ;Todf]xg hf]zL / pxfFsf k':tfn] b]v]sf] sf7df8f}F s:tf] lyof] xf]nf < clxn]sf] sf7df8f}F x]/]/ pxfFx¿ s:tf] cg'ej ub}{x'g'x'G5 xf]nf < slxn]sfxL+ lrofk;nx¿df ulkmg] j[4 a'afcfdfx¿ eGg] ug{x' G' Yof], æ@)$^ ;Ddsf] sf7df8f}F w]/} v'Nnf lyof] . clxn]h:tf] a:tL g} a:tLn] lslrPsf] lyPg . slt :jR5 xfjf k|jfx x'GYof] . afUdtL, lji0f'dtL / OR5'dtLdf xfdL slt kf}8L v]NYof} . c~h'nLel/ lnP/ lkPsf] Tof] kfgL cfh lsg wldnf] ePsf] xf]nf < gbLsf] kfgLn] ¿k kl/jt{g u/]sf] b]Vbf / k|bl" ift jftfj/0fn] cfFvfsf gfgL, gfs / sfgsf Kjfnx¿nfO{ 7'ds ] f] b]Vbf lbSs nfU5 .Æ ;+jt\ @)^# ;Dd klg sf7df8f}Fsf hUufx¿ ;fdfGo lyP . d}n] ;fgf] e/\ofª\df hUuf hf]8\bf jl/kl/ wfgsf afnfx¿ n6/Dd em'n]sf lyP . aGbfsf]eL, sfpnL / d"nfsf] v]taf/Lsf] t s] s'/f ug{' Û htf;'s} xl/ofnL xl/ofnL lyof] . ufpFsf] ofb cfpFbf ToxLF uP/ ufpFnfO{ la;{Gy]+ . t/ cfhef]ln d ToxfF hfFbf htf;'s} 7f]lsPnf 7f]lsPnf h:tf] x'G5 . uf8Lsf] /ª g} kl/jt{g x'G5 . uf8L /f]Sg] / 3'dfpg] 7fpF;d]t 5}g . cfhef]ln ;fgf] e/\ofª emg\ ;flgPsf] 5 . cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] gf/f af]s]/ !) jif{ ;z:q hgo'4 u/]sf] dfcf]jfbL zflGt k|lqmofaf6 v'Nnf /fhgLltdf cjtl/t eP;Fu} sf7df8f} pkTosfsf] hUuf crDd u/L dxFuf] eof] . ;fDojfb / ;dfhjfbsf] gf/f af]s]/ qmflGt u/]sfx¿n] zx/sf hUufnfO{ emg\ lsQf lsQfdf lsQfsf6 u/]sf] b]Vbf e"ldsf] :jfldTj slxn] tL e"ldxLgx¿n] kfpg] xf]nfg\ < k|Zg}k|Zgx¿n] 3]l/Psf] lyPF d . h;/L hUufsf] efp dxFluof], To;}u/L pkTosf 3gf a:tL x'g k'Uof] . zx/df a:tL a:g' c:jfefljs klg xf]Og t/ ljsf;sf gfddf ;Fw} ljb]z 3'dlkm/ ug]{ xfd|f] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj clg ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] cfw'lgs zx/sf gd"gf ljb]zdf b]v] b]v]gg\ < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ljb]z hfFbf ;';lHht zx/x¿ b]v]sf] xfd|f] g]t[Tjn] slxn] lrGnf sf7df8f}FnfO{ < slxn] agfpnfg\ 48 ÷ /rgf

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o;nfO{ jf:tljs sf7df8f}F eGg] k|Zg cfO/xG5 lbdfudf . afn'jfdfly b"af] /f]k]/ ;d'b|dfly a:tL a;fPsf] Tof] b'aO{, ;d[l4sf nflu ;d'b|nfO{ g} 8f]/\ofP/ k|To]s zx/df l5/fpg] Tof] blIf0f sf]l/of, k|To]s zx/ / rf]sdf Jojl:yt au}Frf / v'Nnf:yn agfpg] Tof] a]nfot . u/] gx'g] s]xL 5}g, vf]h] gkfOg] j:t' 5}g tfklg d]/f] b]zsf] /fhwfgL /f]O/x]sf] 5 . dxfgu/df a:tL a;fP/ hUuf dfq Knl6ª u/fP/ zx/ aG5 eGg] dfgl;stfn] cfh d'n'ssf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] zx/ sf7df8f}F ljZjs} s'¿k a:tLdf kl/0ft eO/x]sf] 5 . ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t oxfFsf ;Dkbfx¿nfO{ ljZjsf cGo ;"rLs[t ;Dkbfn] luHofO/x]sf] 5 . k|fu\P]ltxfl;s dxTj ePsf] o; gu/nfO{ dWosfndf sflGtk'/ elgGYof] . cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{n] æcnsfk'/L sflGtk'/L gu/LÆ eg]/ n]v]sf] sljtf clxn] klg xfdLdfem plQs} lk|o 5 .

Oltxf;sf ljleGg sfnv08df ljleGg /fhj+zn] zf;g u/]sf] of] gu/ g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fb]lv b]zsf] /fhwgLsf ¿kdf 5 . g]kfnsf ;ft k|b]zsf d'Vofnox¿ tf]lsP klg sf7df8f}+ sf7df8f}Fs} ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . g]tfx¿n] :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf l;+xb/af/nfO{ ufpFufpFdf n}hfg] jrg lbP klg l;+xb/af/n] sf7df8f}FnfO{ 5f8]sf] 5}g . >Lcf]d >]i7 /f]bgn] sf7df8f}FnfO{ æcfsif{0fdf8f}FÆ egL cfˆgf] lgaGwdf To;} a]/]sf xf]Ogg\ xf]nf . sf7df8f}d} 5, /fi6«klt a:g] zLtnlgjf; / sfof{no, k|wfgdGqL tyf s]Gb|›Lo dGqfnox¿sf] sfof{no l;+xb/af/ . k"j{ /fhfsf] gf/fol0flx6L /fhb/af/ oxLF 5, ;ªu|xfnosf ¿kdf . k|foM ;a} s]Gb|›Lo sfof{nox¿, c:ktfnx¿, pBf]uL, Joj;foL, a}+Fsx¿, ;/sf/L tyf lghL 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] :6];gx¿ . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] s]G›Lo sfof{no hªuL c8\8f, ;z:q k|x/L ansf] k|wfg sfof{no tyf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] s]Gb|›Lo sfof{no klg oxL 5 .

1fgsf] Hof]lt 5g{] lzIf0f ;+:yfb]lv ljZjljBfnox¿ klg oxLF 5g\ . Ps;o kfFr jif{sf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] efiff, ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ug{ rGb|zdz]/sf] kfnfdf :yfkgf ePsf] clg nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f / afns[i0f ;dn] /f]k]sf] au}Frf ;femf k|sfzg klg oxLF 5 . kz'kltgfy, :joDe" / af}4 dlGb/x¿ oxLF 5g\ . blIf0fsfnL, /fgLjg / lrl8ofvfgfb]lv dfG5] y'Gg] s]Gb|›Lo sf/fuf/ klg oxLF 5 . dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ dfG5]sf] >d a]Rg ljb]z k7fpg] /f]huf/ Ph]G6\;, z}lIfs sG;N6]G;L / ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ug]{ :yn dflgPsf] dfOtL3/ d08nf klg oxLF 5 . b]zsf] Psdfq cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn /x]sf] sf7df8f}Fdf cfpg] b]zljb]zsf gful/sx¿sf] klxnf] kfOnf r'Dg] :yn klg oxL xf] . g]kfnnfO{ dfof u/]/ oxfF 3'Dg cfpg]x¿ dfq xf]Og t:s/L / ck/fw ug]{ ljb]zLx¿ klg oxfF leqG5g\ . :jb]zs} ;'g t:s/L, xTof / anfTsf/ ug]{x¿nfO{ oxL sf7df8f}Fn] cf]t lbO/x]sf] 5 . ;a} sfg"g agfpg] ;+3Lo ;+;b\ oxLF 5 . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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To;a]nf sf7df8f}Fdf clxn]sf] h:tf] OG6/g]6sf] ;xhtf lyPg . d}n] ljlslkl8ofdf aofg k9]/ sf7df8fF} cfPsf] lyOgF . o;dfly n]lvPsf hltklg uLt, sljtf ;'g]F / k9]F . a'9fkfsfsf sf7df8f}+dflysf syfJoyf / sf7df8f}+af6 ufpF kmls{g]x¿sf /l;nf s'/f ;'g]/ cg]s ;kgf af]s]/ d b]zsf] /fhwfgL l5/]sf] lyPF, d]/f] / d]/f ;Gtltsf] ;'Gb/ eljio vf]Hg . sf7df8f}Fsf cJojl:yt afSnf 3/, st} lrNnf, st} lrNnfleqsf vfN6f ;8s, 7fpF7fpFdf v]tL, /fd|f /fd|f uf8L, ufpF3/ eGbf ljsl;t . of] oxL sf7df8f}F h;nfO{ d}n] ljut 8]9 bzsb]lv x]l//x]sf] 5' / ef]lu/x]sf] 5' . oxLF sd{ ul/x]sf] 5' . p;n] dnfO{ kfn]sf] dfq 5}g ;'v, b'Mv / k|tf8gf;Fu n8\g l;sfPsf] klg 5 . oxL sf7df8f}FnfO{ 6]s]/ d}n] ljsl;t d'n'ssf] e|d0f u/]F . /fhwfgL / /fhwfgLleqsf zx/ s:tf] x'g'k5{, d}n] k|ToIf b]v]sf] klg 5' . clg cfw'lgs zx/ s:tf] x'g'k5{ < lgdf{0f s:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] cg]sg ;fdu|L klg cWoog ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] 5' . zx/af/] hlt 1fg a6'n]F, Tolt g} dnfO{ sf7df8f}sf] lj¿ktfn] kL8fdfly kL8f ylklbg yfn]sf] 5 . clxn] sf7df8f}F pkTosf sf]dfdf /x]sf] b]Vbf o;nfO{ dfof ug]{x¿ o;sf] Gofosf nflu cbfnt wfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . sxLF Zjf;k|Zjf;sf nflu xfjf dfUg cbfnt wfpg'kg]{ t xf]Og < dxfgu/nfO{ hLjGt zx/ agfpg] s;d vfP/ r'gfj lht]sf ljBf;'Gb/x¿n] Ps jif{ laTbf;d]t oxfFsf] Ps s0f w"nf] klg p7fpg ;s]gg\ . r'gfjcl3sf] eGbf klg s'¿ktfdf sf7df8f}F ablnFbf sxfF 5g\ ljBf;'Gb/sf c;'Gb/ ¿kx¿ < ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] pkTosfsf] jfo'k|b"if0f lgoGq0f ug{ cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . of] s:tf] efUo sf7df8f}Fsf] < s;}sf] zx/ geO{sg afFRg'k/]sf] 5 . kfgL gkbf{ ;8sdf dfG5] lx8\g] u5{g\ . uf8L u'8\g] u5{g\ . Tof] klg hf]lvd} hf]lvd df]n]/ . kfgL k/]sf a]nfdf ;8sdf lxnfDd] gbL aU5 .

Hofg hf]ufpg efufefu ug{'k5{ . 9nsf vfN8fn] slt a]nf Hofg lnG5 kQf] 5}g . @)&# ;fndf 9nn] aufP/ Ps aflnsfsf] d[To' ePsf] va/n] ;a}nfO{ :tAw agfPsf] xfd|f ;fd' tfh} 5 . ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] gfs hf]ufpg tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] /fhwfgLsf ;8ssf vfN8f kGw| lbgleq k'g{ lgb]{zg lbP . slt kGw| lbg lat] vfN8fx¿ emg ylkFb} uP . jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] klg lgb]{zgdfly lgb]{zgsf] csf{] vft yk] . s] lgb]{zgsf vftx¿n] vfN6f k'l/Pnfg\ t < ;fFem lkr ul/Psf] ;8s laxfg elTsG5 . vfg]kfgLdf n]bf] cfpg' t ;fdfGo xf] . wGg lbzf cfPsf] 5}g, o;}df v'zL dfGg'k5{ Û wGo, d]/f] /fhwfgL .

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oxL /fhwfgL, hxfF @)&@ sf] e"sDkn] eTsfPsf k'/fgf d7dlGb/ clg a:tLx¿sf bogLo b[Zon] a'emfpg ;Sb}g dg . To;}n] cfFvfsf k/]nLn] k/]nLnfO{ g} lemldslemds ug{ k'U5' . vfg]kfgLn] ;8s vGg] ;fOtsf] lbg ljB't k|flws/0fsf] tf/ la5\ ofpg] ;fOt kb}{g . 9nn] vGg] / af6f] agfpg] ;8s ljefusf] cfˆg} ;fOt x'G5 . log} ;fOtx¿sf] ;fOtleqsf a];fOtsf sf/0f hgtfn] afx|} df; ;8sdf lxnf] / vfN8fsf] ofqL aGg'k5{ . c:tJo:t 6]lnkmf]g / lah'nLsf tf/ . nfU5, tL PDa'; x'g\ slta]nf k8\sG5g\ dfG5]sf 6fpsfdf < 5fDb} lx+F8\g'k/]sf] 5 . o:tf ;8sdfly s/f]8f}sf uf8L u'8\g\ . ltg} uf8Ldf ;jf/ g]tf of dGqLn] ;d[l4sf ;kgf sf]/Ng 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . rGb|flul/ k'u]/ æd/]kl5 klg b]z / hgtf xfF;]sf] ;kgf b]Vg kfpmFÆ eg]/ sljtf n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ ;'gfpg] k|wfgdGqL ef]lu/x]sf 5f}F . ljkgfd} ;d[l4sf] ;kgf b]vfpg] ;fx; pxfFdf slxn] cfpnf < ;kgfsf] s'v'/Ln] ;d[l4sf] rNnf slxn] sf]/Nnf < rNnf sf]/Ng c08f t rflxG5, c08flagfsf] rNnf vf]Hg' h:tf] ePsf] 5 xfd|f] ;d[l4 . æsf] ;S5 lgbfpg v/af/Ldf jl/kl/ d"9fx¿ blGs/x]sf] a]nfdfÆ slj e"kL z]/rgn] zfob To;} eg]sf xf]Ogg\ . ;a}lt/ lg/fzf / a]lyltn] af; u/]sf] 5, clg ;d[l4sf] ofqf to eO;s]sf] 5 eGbf s;/L kTofpg] < ;f]emf / u/La hgtfn] s;/L cfgGbn] /ft s6fpg] < Unf]an jfld{ªsf] r'gf}tL 5 olta]nf . g]kfnn] sfa{g pT;h{gdf s'g} e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5}g . 7"nf d'n's / jftfj/0fsf] tfk / rfkn] xfd|f] lxdfn kUng yfn]sf] 5 . h;sf] c;/ zx/L If]qdf klg k/]sf] 5 . jftfj/0f hf]ufpg sf7df8f}Fsf] l;+xb/af/df ¿v /f]Kg] / ;~rf/ dfWoddf b]lvgsf nflu afUdtL ;kmfO ug]{ k|wfgdGqL / dGqLx¿ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu lsg agfpFb}gg\ alnof] gLlt < lsg vf]Hb}gg\ kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] bL3{sfnLg ljsNk < /fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0fsf gfddf slt ah]6 ;lsof] / slt ;+/If0f eof] < lsg vf]Hb}gg\ o;sf] lx;fa < b]zsf] ;a} gLlt, ah]6 th{'df / /fhgLlts lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] sf7df8f}F lsg ;Sb}g cfˆg} ;+/If0f ug{ < ;fd'bflos jg hf]ufpg] jg /Ifsx¿ s] ub}{5g\ < /Ifs / eIfssf] e]b 5'6\ofpg lsg ;Sb}g sf7df8f}F < ;a}sf] ;kgf af]Sg] of] sf7df8f}F st} cfkm}+ ylst t ePsf] xf]Og < P, ;kgf afF8\g] g]tfx¿ xf], Ao'Femfpm of] sf7df8f}FnfO{ / k:sg yfn g]kfnLnfO{ ljkgfd} ;d[l4 Û dolindrasharma@gmail.com

k"0ff{Í – !%%

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;Demgfdf sdn bLlIft ;Ltf/fd pk|]tL

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lj=;+= @)$) ;fnsf] kmfu'g dxLgfdf d}n] klxnf] k6s sdndl0f bLlIftsf] gfd ;'g]sf] xf] . cfˆgf] k'Vof}{nL yftynf] kNnf] ls/fFt cf7/fO{sf] r'xfg8fF8f ufpFdf d klxnf] k6s k'u]sf] lyPF . d}n] klxnf] k6s b]v]sf] lyPF dfO{ klZrdsf] bds, O6xl/ clg w/fg ahf/ . To;}a]nf ev{/} lgdf{0f ;lsP/ uf8L s'b\g yfn]sf] w/fg wgs'6fsf] gfuj]nL ;8ssf] d"n3f6;Dd uf8Lsf] ofqf / To;kl5sf] tLg lbgsf] lx8fO{ kl5 k'u]sf] lyPF ;fFjf gfjfF ln:g]s]f eL/ x'Fb} tdf]/ u8\lt/sf] af6f] . 3/ k'u]sf] t];|]f lbg d]/f xh"/a'jf nok|;fb pk|]tL;Fu d ;+qmflGt ahf/ x]g{ eg]/ uPsf] lyPF . ahf/ l5g]{ 7fpFdf wf/f] b]lvof] . wf/fdf klg n]lvPsf] lyof]–dbg wf/f @)!% . clns dfl:t/sf] wf/fdf klg To:t} n]lvPsf] 5 . ahf/ l;/fgdf g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] clkm; cufl8 klg To:t} n]v]sf] b]v]kl5 d]/f] lh1f;f xh"/a'jfnfO{ ;f]w]+Ù æxh"/a'jf Û wf/fdf o:tf] lsg n]v]sf] <Æ d]/f] k|Zg ;'g]kl5 d]/f xh"/a'jfn] dnfO{ k|i6 ug{yfNg'eof]–oxfF kfgLsf] klxNo}b]lv b'Mv lyof] . o;} e]usf sd{rf/L efg'eQm l;6f}nf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L lyP . pg}n] /fgL hubDafnfO{ ;a} laGtL la;fPkl5 /fgLsf] Psn vr{af6 wf/f kfOksf] Joj:yf u/]kl5 ahf/eGbf dfly em08} b'O{306f dfly ;fdyfËaf6 d'xfgsf] kfgL NofP/ ahf/df wf/fsf] aGbf]j:t u/L kfgL ljt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . ltg} wf/fsf] pb\3f6g ug{ /fgL cfkm}+ cfpg] s'/f lyof] . t/ pgL cfpg ;lsgg\ dbg zdz]/ /f0ffsf gfddf agfOPsf tL wf/fx¿sf] pb\3f6g ug{ pgsf k|ltlglw eP/ sdndl0f bLlIft cfP/ pb\3f6g u/]sf x'g\ . hubDjf cfo'j]{b c:ktfn ;d]tsf] pb\3f6g ePsf] lyof] . pg} dbg ;dz]/sf gfddf clxn] klg cIfo t[tLofsf a]nf oxfF dbg d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . sdndl0f a8f] vfOnfUbf dfG5] lyP / pgL;Fu} csf{ b'Anf kftnf dflg; klg ;Fu} cfPsf lyP . dfG5]x¿ sdndl0fnfO{ xflsd / ltgnfO{ sfl/Gbf eGy] . jxfFsf] gfd d]/f xh"/a'jfnfO{ yfxf ePg5 . kl5 a'‰bf yfxf eof] pgL df8\;fj cyf{t\ jf;'b]j n'OF6]n /x]5g\ . xfn;fn} dfq ;8s ;+hfndf hf]l8Psf] ;qmflGt ahf/df @)!% ;fndf emg\ s:tf] lyof] xf]nf sNkgf eGbf aflx/sf] s'/f e}xfNof] . sdndl0fx¿ 3f]8f r9]/ ToxL u8lt/sf] af6f] w/fg, ;fFu'/L, d"n3f6 x'b} 52 ÷ /rgf

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;s|flGt ahf/ k'u]sf lyP /] . kNnf] ls/fFtdf lnDa"jfg If]q kg]{ x'gfn] d]nfx¿sf] cfˆg} lsl;dsf] ljz]iftf / ;f+:s[lts klxrfgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . kfFry/, wgs'6f, tfKn]h'ª;Dd klg ljleGg ;dodf d]nfx¿ nfUg] ub{5g\ . ToxL d]nfx¿ dWo]sf] dbg d]nf k"j{sf] rlr{t d]nf xf] . To; d]nfdf lhNnfJofkL elnjn, km'6an nufotsf v]nb]lv lnDa" ;+:s[ltsf kfnd / wfg gfr ;Ddsf k|ltof]lutfx¿ x'g] ub{y] . ;+qmflGt ahf/ ;ftlbg;Dd k"/} u'nhf/ x'g] ub{Yof] . @)%@ sf] dfcf]jfbL åGåkl5 Tof] d]nf nfUg aGb eof] ;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] . cr]n km]l/ nfUg yfn]sf] 5 t/ To:tf] /f}gs eg] 5}g . cfzf u/f}+ km]l/ Tof] k'/fgf] cj:yfdf kmls{of];\ h;n] ubf{ xfd|f ;f+:s[lts klxrfgx¿ sfod /xg ;s'g\ . sf7df8f}+ cfP/ kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;sf] ljBfyL{ ePsf jvt sdndl0f zfob SofDk;sf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] s'g} kbdf lyP ls c¿ s'g} sfdn] kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;df cfpg] hfg] ub{y] ToxL ;dodf d}n] pgnfO{ b]v]sf] kSs} xf] . To;kl5 klg ljleGg ;flxlTos sfo{qmdx¿df pgnfO{ b]v]sf] 5' . sfo{qmdx¿df cfpg] pgsf] afgL klg a8f] uhas} lyo]f . pgL k|foM af]nfOPsf sfo{qmdx¿df cfpg] cfkm"n] af]Ng k/] a]fn]/;s]kl5 b'O{xft hf]8]/ ljbf lnOxfNg] pgs]f :jefj lyof] . sf/0f s] x'GYof] To]f b}jn] hfg'g\ .

Psk6s ;efu[xdf ;femf k|sfzgsf] r'gfj lyof] . d k'Ug nfUbf pgL ef]6 v;fln;s]/ lg:sg nfu]sf /x]5g\ . d}n] gd:sf/ ubf{ pgn] d]/f b'j} xftdf RofKk ;dfP/ d]/f] gfpF / 7]ufgf ;f]w] . d}n] cfˆgf] gfd atfPF / 7]ufgf elglbPF–kNnf] ls/fFt cf7/fO{ . pgn] xf}l;P/ eg]Ù æe]6\g'k5{ x} afa' Û dnfO{ km]l/ Psk6s cf7/fO{ hfg'5 ÛÆ sdndl0fnfO{ e]6\g ;lhnf] sxfF lyof] / Û ;do ldnfP/ e]6\g hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . Tolta]nf emfkfsf lrof dhb"/ g]tf ¿krg p/fpsf] :d[lt u|Gy ev{/} k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . ToxL :d[lt u|Gy dbg k'/:sf/ u'7Ldf k'¥ofpg] lgx"Fn] d dbg k'/:sf/ u'7Ldf k'Ubf ;+of]un] pgL;Fu e]63f6 eof] / d}n] Tof] u|Gy pgsf] xft}df lbPF . To;lbg pgL;Fu 5f]6f] s'/fsfgL eof] / pgn] cfˆgf s]xL yfg lgaGwsf lstfax¿ k9\g lbP . d}n] pgsf k':tsx¿ k9]/ cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'/fx¿ Pp6f lr7L n]v]/ efO rGb| vltj8fsf xft k7fOlbPF . d}n] pgnfO{ n]v]sf] kqsf] pQ/ pgs} x:tfIf/df o:tf] lyof]– lk|o pk|]tL hL, d la;{g] dfG5] g x'F, Ps k6s e]6]sf] dfG5] ;Gbe{ gatfP;Dd lrlGbg+ . 7Ls xf] , tkfO{+nfO{ klg af6fdf b]v]+ eg] lrGg ;lQmg+ . t/ tkfO{+ d]/} clkm;df cfP/ s'/f u/]sf] clg d}n] d]/f lstfk lbO{ k7fPsf] d}n] la;]{sf] 5}g . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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tkfO{+sf] ut @@ ut]sf] xft] lr7L kfPF . k9\bf ;f/} cfgGb nfUof] . cfkm"n] n]v]sf] s'/f s;}n] kl9lbof] eg] slt v'zL nfU5, Tof] zfob tkfO{+ a'‰g'x'Gg . k9]/ klg cem To;df 6Lsf l6Kk0fL ug]{ rf;f] b]vfof] s;}n] eg] t emg\ s] eGg' Û of] tkfO{+sf] lr7Ln] dnfO{ ToxL l:yltdf k'¥ofof] . w]/} wGojfb 5 tkfO{+nfO{ . tkfO{+n] p7fPsf Ps b'O{cf]6f z+sfsf] lgjf/0f ptfkl§ k]hdf n]v'+nf . k'gM wGojfb Û tkfO{+sf] sdn bLlIft k5fl8 k]hdf != rLg e|d0fdf vr{ slt nfUof] dgL n]Vg'ePsf]df To:tf] ofqf lgaGwdf vr{sf] kmfF6jf/L

OToflb lbOGg / glbOPsf] xf] . kL=kL=k|;fO{sf] g6/fh sDkgLsf] tf/Lkm ug{nfO{ Tof] vr{sf] s'/f 5f]l8OPsf] lyof] . ;fFRr} vr{ rflx+ ;s] ;a} u/]/ b'Onfv ?lkofF hlt nfu]sf] x'Fbf] xf] . @= sd08n'sf hnsf sd08n' af]Sg] xft, sd08n' / wf]tL s§' ;a} -slj_ /d]z vs'/]nsf x'g\ .

sltkon] Tof] sd08n' ePg, afN6L eof] klg eg] . #= dgk|;fb ;'Aafsf] hGd:yn uf]vf{ ;+;f/df ;s] o:t} nv]s]f lyof] . d}n] ToxL ;f/]+ x'Fnf . $= d]/f] …la;]{sf] ;Dem]sf]Ú / …g]lt g]ltÚ lgjGw ;+u|x k9\g kfpg'ef 5}g < geP hf]uf8 u/f}+nf .

dnfO{ a9L lrGg tL b'O{ lstfk ;aeGbf a9L ;Ifd 5g\ . )!–$!^$)#) àskg, a'9fgLns07, sf7df8f}+–!@

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[efg' k':tsfno, r'FbL /D3fåf/f k|sflzt jflif{s d'vkq …rF'bL /D3fÚ jif{ $ c+s $, @)$! af6 ;fef/ k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] of] ;+:d/0f . @))* ;fnsf] ev{/ k|hftGq cfPsf] To; kl/j]zdf tTsfnLg /f0ff /ly–dxf/flyx¿sf cgf}7f afgL / Jojxf/ af/] 3t nfUbf] lrq0f o; ;+:d/0fdf ul/Psf] 5 . –k|=;+=] g]kfnL ;flxTo hut\sf efg' efg'eQmsf] gfdn] ;'kl/lrt …r'FbL /D3fÚ df @))* ;fndf ;yflkt æefg' k':tsfnoÆ n] s]xL jif{b]lv …r'FbL /D3fÚ gfds klqsf k|sfzg ub}{ cfPsf] s'/f lgZro g} xfdL /+3fnLsf] nflu ljz]if v'zLsf] ljifo xf] . oBlk efg' k':tsfnon] hGd lnPsf] klg em08} ;f8] tLg bzs lalt;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf slt sltsf] k|ultsf] ult slt slt sxfF k'lu;Sof], o; kl/k|]Ifdf efg' k':tsfnon] of}6f klqsf, Tof] klg jflif{s ¿kdf k|sfzg ug'{nfO{ v'zLsf] s'/f ;+emg' lgZro klg nfhnfUbf] 5 . tblk k9]n]v]sf / pBdLx¿df ufpF gkmls{g] k|j[lQn] lbgfg'lbg p/fl7+b} uPsf] cfhsf] r'FbL/+3fnfO{ lgofNbf / cl3sf s'/fnfO{ sf]6ØfpFbf d}n] …r'FbL /+3fÚ klqsf v'zLsf] s'/f 7fg]sf] 5' . clbslj efg'eQmsf] gfpFdf v'n]sf] x'gfn] k':tsfnosf] k|ult lgs} l56f] xf]nf eGg] ljrf/df k':tsfno ;+:yfkgf kl5 nuQ} efg'sf] gfpF a]rg] qmd /fhwfgLdf z'¿ ul/of] . ;'g] hfg];Ddsf efg'sf eQmx¿sxfF efg'eQmsf] gfpF lnP/ k':tsfno :f+:yfkgfsf efvf xflnof], rGbf dfUg yflnof] . s]xL k':ts kfqfx¿ ;+slnt eP klg . o; ;Gbe{df 3'Dbf 3t k/]sf s]xL s'/fx¿sf] clxn] ;+:d/0f ug'{ k|f;lËs ;+emG5' d . ltlyldlt t ofb ePg, )* ;fn ebf}lt/ h:t]f nfU5–Ps lbg lbpF;f]sf] s'/f] xf]–bfO >LnIdLgfy cfrfo{ / d efg' k':tsfnonfO{ ;xof]u dfUg elg >L clt/ly s]z/ zdz]/ h=a=/f=sf] s]z/dxn 9f]sfdf uof}+ . a"9f] kfn]nfO{ cg'go ljgo u/]/ 9f]sfleq k:of}+, b/af/df k'Uof}+ . clxn] lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfno /x]sf] s]z/ dxn To;j]nfsf] Tof] b/af/ h:t} nfUb}g . ToxfF @%–#) hgf xfdLh:t} c¿ klg /x]5g\ . t/ w]/}h;f] oxfFsf geP/ kxf8 kj{tsf h:tf nfUby] . s]xLa]/ a/08fdf a;]kl5 nf7;fx]asf] k"0ff{Í – !%%

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;jf/L eof] ;]tf] ef]6f] ;'?jfn / dvdn] r§Ldf . ;a}Nf] em's]/ :jl:t, s'0f]{;, gd:sf/, ;nfd cflb cf–cfˆg} lsl;dsf clejfbg r9fP . xfdLn] klg :jl:t / gd:sf/ g5'l§g] lsl;dn] gd:sf/ u¥of}+ . kfn}kfnf] ;a}n] cf– cfˆgf] p2]Zo hgfpFb} uP . sf]xL jfrgfno, sf]xL gf6s ;ldlt, sf]xL p4f/ sld6L, sf]xL Sna cflb ;fdflhs pkqmddf g} cf–cfˆgf p2]Zox¿ k'g::yflkt ug{ nfu] . ;+If]kdf dfu rGbfs} /x]5, a'lemof] . s'/f t xfd|f] klg ToxL g} lyof] . cfˆgf] kfnf]df d}n] nv{/fpFbf] -To:t} eof] To;a]nf_ cfjfhdf ljglt u/]+–xfdL r'+bL–/+3faf6 cfPsf xf}+, jxfFnfO{ -nIdLgfybfOnfO{ b]vfpFb}_ cflbslj efg'eQmsf k|kf}q x'g'x'G5 eg]/ kl/ro s] u/fpFb} lyPF–nf7;fx]an] >L nIdLgfy bfOsf] kfp 5f]P/ ækfpnfuLÆ ug'{x'Fb} æd Hofb} kljq ePF, s] sfdn] cfpg'eof] t < clg cfkm" lg < eGg'eof] . d}n] -cfˆgf] t kl/ro g} c¿ s] lyo]f / <_ /+3fs} d klg of}6f a|fDx0f x'F, gfd /fdrGb| x]f eg]kl5 …a|fDx0fb]jÆ eg]/ jxfFn] d]/f] klg kfpnfuL ug'{eof] . xfdL t o;}+ dVv lyof}+ ToxfFsf c¿ JolQmx¿ klg crDd dfg]/ x]l//x] . cg'xf/n] a|fDx0f ToxfF w]/} lyP . cfkm" cleglGbt ePsf]n] k|;Ë a9fpg] xf};nf klg a9\b} lyof]–jxfFn] g] lh1fiffdoL b[li6n] ;f]Wg' eof] –s] tkfO{+x¿n] klg k':tsfno vf]Ng'ePsf] 5 < ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds s'g pQ/ 7Ls kg]{ xf] bf]ljw}df crfgs d'vaf6 lg:Sof]–ejg 5}g, k':tsfno t s;/L ljglt u¿F / < k':tsx¿ t xfdLn] klg ;f]xL p2]Zodf y'kf/]sf lyof}+ 5f}+, ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yfsf nflu s]xL cy{sf] ofrgf ug{ cfPsf xf}+ . cy{sf] t cgy{ eof] ca s] xf] cy{ < eGb} lvl;Ss xfF;]/ leqL sf]7fdf jxfF nfUg'eof] . s]xLa]/ c¿ ;/x g} xfdL klg k|tLIffdf /Xof}+ . clna]/ kl5 ToxfFsf lelqofx¿n] ljleGg vfd, Kofs NofP/ gfd k'sfb}{ afF8] . of}6f Kofs xfd|f] efudf klg k¥of] . o;kl5 qmdzM ToxfFsf ;a}h;f] l5dln+b} uP . xfdL eg] cy{ gnfu]sfn] ToxL+ lyof}+ . aLraLrdf leqaf6 cfpg]x¿n] æhfg'xf];\ /], ;/sf/af6 dhL{ efsf] 5Æ eGy] . Psk6s bz{g ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ eg]/ ljglt ug{ xfdLn] cfu|x u¥of}+, t/ s'g}n] dfg]gg\ . ;j} æufn k5{Æ eGb} kms{Gy] . clg t lg/fz eP/ xfdL a/08faf6 cfn]{/ hfFb}lyof}+–æa|fDx0fb]j xf], k+lQmdf e]b ug'{x'Gg, clxn] hfg'xf];\Æ eg]sf] kl/lrt cfjfh dfly ‰ofnaf6 cfof] / x]bf{ t clt/lyHo" xfF;L/xg'ePsf] /x]5 . km]l/ clejfbg r9fP/ ljbf eof}+ . kl5 cfP/ Kofs vf]nL x]bf{ !%–!^ yfg slt xf] g]kfnL k':tsx¿ lyP–;a} gofF lyP . csf]{ lbgsf] s'/f xf]˜–k+lQme]b ug'{ geP/ xfdLnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u gul/Psf] cl3sf] cfzoaf6 pT;flxt eP/ xfdL -pg} b'Ohgf_ km]l/klg s]z/ dxndf uof}+ . 9f]s] a"9fn] l5§|} 5f]8]klg leq a/08fdf w]/} ;do s'/]/ a:of}+–o; k6s c¿ s]xL gePsf]n] xfd|f] pT;fx låu'l0ft ePsf] lyof] .

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cfPsf] lyPF . kftn} eP klg o;n] dnfO{ Gofgf] /fxt / lgs} ;Gt'li6 lb+b} cfPsf] lyof] . d o;}df n6\kl6P/ l3l;|/x]sf] lyPF . dnfO{ tf/Gtf/ tfs]tf u/]/ h/f], lsnf] g} pvlng] u/L xNnfpg yfn]kl5 d leq}af6 pb]lv tl;{+b} cfPsf] lyPF . ;ª\s6sfnsf] j]nf lyof] . uf]nL htfaf6 rn] klg nfUg] eg]sf] lgD;/fs} lgbf]{if k'k'{/f]df xf] . nfUg]n] P]of eg]/ 9Ng gkfpFb} xfGg] axfb'/Lsf] alS;; / tSdf le/]/ kbf]Ggltsf] l;+9Lr9\b} hfGYof] . cfˆgf] rf]nf eg] lrlnd kmls{GYof] . Psaf/sf] h'gL Û efj's aGb} sfFrf] hf]; p/fn]/ Vofn, Vofndf olt ;:tf] df]ndf Hofg u'dfpg ;Sg] cfF6 d}n] slxn] klg lnOgF . t/ Ps/fhsf] ;Dks{df cfPkl5 nfnl;+n] eg] tf/Gtf/ emD6f df/]/ cfv]6 u?Fnf em}+ ub}{ uPkl5 eg] d l;tfª\u x'g k'u]sf] lyPF . au/sf] jf; lyof] . afnaRrf ;fg} lyP . cfo cfh{gsf] j}slNks cfwf/ hflu/ afx]s csf]{ lyPg . x'Fbf vfFbfsf] hflu/ 5f]8]/ cnkq x'g] cfF6 klg lyPg . u?F t s] u?Fh:tf] x'g k'u]/ 56\kl6/x]sf] lyPF . hfn hlt la5\ofpFb} lx+8] klg ufpFn]x¿sf] ;bfzotf / cTolws >4fn] ubf{ p;n] s]xL ul/xfNg rflx+ ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . gug]{ lx;fjn] klg lx+8]sf] lyPg . ljBfnodf sfo{/t /x]kl5 ljBfnosf] lgodfg';f/ k/LIff k|0ffnLdf klg g}lts ¿kn] clgjfo{ ;fd]n x'g} kYof]{ . xfdLaf6 ;fdfGo s]xL e"nr"s x'gf ;fy lslNsn]df ;dft]/ k5f/L xfNg] dfv] ;fª\nf] a'g]/ pm lx+l8/x]sf] lyof] . o;sf] dd{ a'em]kl5 k|= c= n] xfdL b'j}nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] lx;fjn] cln /fxt x'g] c8\sn sf6\t} k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] lgldQ ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf] k/LIff s]Gb|df k7fpg' eof] . b'O{, tLg lbg t xf]nf], v's'nf] x'g uPsf] x'gfn] dhfn] lgl:kms|L lx+8\ of}+ . t/ pm xfdLx¿sf] uGw ;'F£b} ToxL+ cfP/ 3]g{ yfNof] . lzIfsx¿ afx]s d]/f] ;Dks{ s;};Fu lyPg . o; cgfrf/sf] s'DeLkfsaf6 d'Qm ug{ ;Sg] x}l;ot ePsf] g t e/kbf]{ s'g} dfG5]nfO{ g} lrg]sf] lyPF . Ps/fh eg] cfˆgf] 5';L :jefj / rl/q 3l/3l/ k|s6 u/L xfNy] . k'ln; b]Vgf;fy cfGbf]ngsf/Lsf] kf]n nufO xfNg] / cfGbf]ngsdL{ e]6\gf;fy k'ln;sf] r'SnL nufpg yflnxfNy] . ;b/d'sfd nfn]sf] latf{ ;/x g} lyof] . abL{wf/L dfG5] pm . kx'Fr hxfF;Dd eP klg p;sf s'/f ;'Gg] k'ln;, k|zf;g / ;'/IffsdL{ lyP . hh;nfO{ ;'gfP klg d]/f eg] Ps sfgn] ;'g]/ csf]{ sfgn] p8fpg vf]Hg] dfq lyP . o; cy{df klg p;nfO{ b]Vgf;fy cgfof; tnlatn gkg]{ u/L d}n] ljz]if rgfvf] eP/ lx+8\g' kl//x]sf] lyof] . k/LIff ;dflKtsf] cl3Nnf] lbgdf eg] p;n] cfkm" eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ;'/IffsdL{ lgDTofP/ k/LIff s]Gb| 3]g{ cfOk'u]kl5 d em;ª\u x'g k'u]+ . d}n] lg/LIf0f ul//x]sf] sf]7fdf s]xL cfGbf]ngsdL{sf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx¿ klg lyP .

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Ps/fhn] cfkm" rf]lvg sltj]/ dnfO{ ;d]t ;'OFsf] glbO of] s'/f ;'/fsL dfkm{t ;'/IffsdL{;Fu k'¥ofO;s]sf] /x]5 . k/LIffkl5 ltgLx¿nfO{ w/ ks8 ug]{ ufOFo, u'OFo xNnf cl3Nnf] lbgb]lvg} ahf/df ;'lg;s]sf] lyPF . o;n] ubf{ d lgs} 7"nf] wd{;ª\s6df km:g k'u]sf] lyPF . ef]sf] uf]xLsf] d'vaf6 cfkm" ;s'zn s;/L lg:sg] eGg] lrGtf t lyof] g} To;dfly lgbf]{if ljBfyL{ klg ylkg cfOk'u]sf lyP . afa', cfdfn] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] etf{n 5f]/f, 5f]/Ln] ltg'{ kg]{ lgod ;+;f/df st} geP klg oxfF ToxL lgodnfO{ ghL/ agfP/ nfnl;+ gfª\uf] gfr v]Ng v'6\6f prfln/x]sf] lyof] . d wd{/ wd{/ eP/ otfplt ul//x]sf] lyPF . efu]/ lx+8\g]s'/f klg ePg . efUbfv]l/ lgif]lwt ls|ofk|lt ;+nUg /x]sf] cy{ nfUg] / bf]ifsf] efuLbf/ x'g] x'gfn] d cbgf ljBfyL{nfO{ cnkq 5f]8]/ efUg rflx/x]sf] lyOgF . ;'/IffsdL{n] k/LIff s]Gb| 3]/]sf] ;'Ggf;fy Ps/fh s'n]nd 7f]lsxfn]5 . of] va/ ;'Ggf;fy d emg\ lavnaGbdf k/]+ . s] u/f}+ g s;f] u/f}+ eg]/ 56\kl6+bf 56\kl6+b} tLg 306f km'Q kfOtfnfd'lgaf6 lg:s]/ ;'OFs'Rrf 7f]Sof] . sfkL sltj]/ p7fPF, sltj]/ ug]+, sltj]/ a'emfPF / sltj]/ l;naGbL u/L kf]i6 u/]+ yfxf g} kfOgF . PSsfl; k/LIff ;s]/ aflx/ lg:sg vf]Hbf kGw|, aL; hgf hlt ljBfyL{nfO{ 3]/]/ nfnl;+ aflx/ s'l//x]sf] /x]5 . OG:k]S6/sf] dftxtdf cfPsf] ;f] 6's8Lsf ;j} hjfgn] ultnf xltof/ af]s]/ To;sf] gfn ljBfyL{tkm{ kmsf{O/x]sf lyP . dnfO{ b]Vgf;fy pm h'?Ss p7]/ ;fd'Gg]df cfO sfFr} lgn'Fnfh:t} u/L …

Ps/fhnfO{ lsg eufO;\Ú eg]/ s'ln{g yfNof] . Ps/fh efu]sf] dnfO{ g} dg kl//x]sf] lyPg . p;nfO{ eufpg' kg]{ s'g} sf/0f / t's klg lyPg . d ;Defljt cfzª\sfsf] qf;n] y//{/sfDg yfln;s]sf] lyPF . oltj]/ h;n] h;nfO{ h]u/] klg 5"6 lyof] . aGb"swf/L lj?4 lkm/fb ug]{ lgsfo g} st} lyPg . p;n] VofnVofnd} 3f]8f bafP d lrlnd kmls{g ;Sy]+ . d}n] hlt;'s} dlRrP/ s/fP klg ;'Gg sf]xL tof/ eP/ cufl8 cfpFb}gYof] . o;n] ubf{ klg s~r6af6 vNvnL kl;gf cfpg yfln/x]sf] lyof] . To;nfO{ d}n] k'5\g klg ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF / TolQs} 5f]8\g klg ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . o;}j]nf uf]hL l6l/ªl/ª ug{ yfNof] . o;f] x]/]sf] t sGt'/] kmf]gn] ;';]Ng yfn]sf] /x]5 . p7fP/ :jLr cg ub}{ xnf] eGg vf]Hb} lyPF OG:k]S6/n] cldnf] d'v nufP/ xsfb}{ eGof]– P, s;sf] kmf]g xf] < kmf]g /fv ÛÚ of] rsf]{ cfjfh xftsf] rf]O6f]nfO{ klg l5rn]/ csf]{lt/ klg 3lGsg k'u]5 . :j/ ;'Ggf;fy ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof]– …xg xNnvNn lgs} g} 5 lg, s] eof] xF <Ú kmf]gdf sn ug]{sf] gfd Ps;/f] k9\gf;fy /fxtsf] lgs} nfdf] ;f; km]g{ ;s]sf] lyPF . pgnfO{ s]xL eg]/ u'xf/ dfUg] x}l;ot cfˆgf] geP klg o:tf] dfG5];Fu klg d s'/f ug{ ;S5' lg eg]/ wfs nufpFb} d8fl/g ;Sg] k"0ff{Í – !%%

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vfnL d}bfg kof{Kt lyof] egf}+ kfPF . ptfaf6 k|Zg cfpgf ;fy otfaf6 klg kmf]gnfO{ nfp8 :kLs/df kbf]Gglt u/L ;j}n] ;'Gg] ul/ eg]+– æx}g efO Û dnfO{ t lagf s;"/ tkfOFsf Oi6ldqx¿n] lvof/]/ 5fnf tg{ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ t xf} ÛÆ d}n] olt s] eg]sf] lyPF k|To'Q/df ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof]– æToxfF sf] 5 cln 7"nf] egfpFbf] kf]i6sf] k|f0fL To;}nfO{ lbg' t kmf]g ÛÆ kmf]g d}n] nfp8:kLs/df /fv]sf] lyPF . of] s'/f] pgLx¿n] klg ;'lg/x]sf lyP . ptfsf] syg k"/f x'g' cufj} km'nLwf/L JolQmn]– æof] s;nfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] < kmf]g /fvÆ eg]/ km'Q vf]:of] / km\ofs'FnfemOF ub}{ lyof] ptfaf6 xflsdL :j/df ætF sf] xf];\ xF < s;sf] sdf08df 5;\ < To;sf] kmf]g gDa/ b] t . d kmnfgf] af]n]sf] .Æ eGgf;fy ;f/f kl/j]znfO{ g} rkfP/ lx+8\g ;S5' eg]em}+ u/L d8fl/O/x]sf] dfG5] ;f/fsf ;f/f cxª\sf/ x7ft\ TofuL Ps}l5gdf kfgLdf rf]kn]sf] cu'N6f]h:t} :ofOFo u/]/ lklNknfpFbf] :j/df r'OFlsof]– æh} g]kfn ;fk\, x;\ ;fk, x;\ .Æ xf]; xjf; u'd eP/ pm dSdlsg yfn] klg df]jfOn eg] cfˆg} no, tfn / ;'/sf] kf/fdf alh/x]sf] lyof] / To;af6 lg;[t x'g] Wjlg ;j{q emª\ s[t x'Fb} lyof] . efiffdf s'g} c:ki6tf lyPg . ptfaf6 cfPsf] :j/ ;j}n] ;'lg/x]sf lyP . pm Psgf;n] ;';fO/x]sf] lyof]– æP, pxfF d]/f] bfO x'g'x'G5 . lrGg' cf]g'{, a'em\g' cf]g'{ s]xL k/]sf] x}g . ;'/fsL ug]{ gfOs] s'g rflxF xf] < To;nfO{ kftf kmsf{P/ bz, aL; sf]/f{ xfg\ t klxn] Û pxfF sf] x'g'x'G5 yfxf 5 tFnfO{ < t'?Gt ToxfFaf6 cfˆgf] 6f]nLnfO{ x6fO xfn\ . s]xL unf{;\ Û pxfFnfO{ s]xL u/]sf] ;'g]+ eg] hflu/ t t]/f] hfG5, hfG5 To;kl5 c¿ s] s] x'G5 clg yfxf kfpnf;\ ÛÆ p;n] crfgs cufl8 emD6f dfg{ cfO k'us ] f] sf7] efn'nfO{ b]vh ] :t} u/L em:s]/ ctflnFb} df]jfOn d]/f] uf]hLdf xflnlb+b} nfnl;+nfO{ b'O{ r8\sg s;]/ xfGof] / cfˆgf] dftxtsf] 6's8Ltkm{ kms{b+ } eGof]– æ6f]nL SofDkdf kmsL{ ÛÆ p;n] olt s] eg]sf] lyof] rf/}lt/ km}ln/x]sf] cfzª\sf / qf;sf] sfnf] d}nf] PSsfl; x6]/ kl/j]z 5\ofª\u x'Fb} uof] . /fxtsf] nfdf] ;f; km]b}{ cfˆgf jfnaRrf Rofk]/ d af6f] nfu]+ . tL kmf]g ug]{ dfG5] c¿ sf]xL geP/ ;flxTosf/ dx]zljs|d zfx lyP . pgsf] gjk|sflzt syf ;+u|x …clkm|sg clduf]Ú sf] s[lt ;dLIff d}n] u/]sf] lyPF / Tof] dw'ks{df 5flkPsf] lyof] . To;}sf] nflu cfef/ JoQm ug{ pgn] kmf]g u/]sf lyP . (*^%)$##%# à lrGb|k'/, /f}Tfx6

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/fli6«o Pj+ cGt//fli6«o ¿kdf Vofltk|fKt ljåfg\ Pj+ ldqj/ 8f= dx]z/fh kGtn] k"l0f{df k"0ff{Í !#% df sflGtk'/sf /fhf hok|sfz dNnn] lj=;+= !*)* df sfe|]sf b'O{ hgf a|fXd0fnfO{ ToxL+s} ^* /f]kgL v]t !*)) 6Ífdf a]rL ul/lbPsf] tfd|kq k|sfz ug'{ePsf] 5 . k"l0f{dfdf k|sflzt pQm tfd|kqsf] k|ltR5lj o:tf] 5–

o; tfd|kqsf] JofVof ug]{ k|;Ëdf pxfFn] o:tf] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 – æhok|sfz dNnn] sfe|] -d"ndf sfj¥of_ sf @ hgf

a|fXd0fnfO{ ToxL+s} ^* /f]kgL v]t !*)) 6Ífdf a]rL of] tfd|kq ul/lbPsf] xf] . d}n] k9]cg';f/ Ps hgf u|fxs le/folg h};L / -d"ndf–h}l;_ /1 csf{rflx+ w/0fLw/ emflx x'g\ . …le/folgÚ of] gfpF / …emflxÚ of] y/ d}n] slxNo} g;'g]sf] / cGt sxL+ gk9]sf]n] ltgn] dnfO{ lk/f]n]sf] 5 . o;f]] x]bf{ emfnfO{ g} oxfF emflx eg]sf] h:tf] nfU5 .Æ2 1 2

oxfF / b'O{ 7fpFdf n]lvPsf] 5, lsg xf]nf < dx]z/fh kGt, æg]jf/ /fHodf a|fXd0f – yk @ yfg tfd|kqÆ k"l0f{df k"0ff{Í -!#%_ -@)^(_ k[= #&( .

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o:tf d"4{Go ljåfg\nfO{ klg lk/f]Ng ;Sg] v"aL ePsf] of] s:tf] vfnsf] tfd|kq /x]5 P eg]/ d}n] o;sf] k|ltR5lj o;f] kl9x]/]+ . cfxf Û d}n] t 8f= kGtn] …ljk| >Lle/folg h}l;Ú egL kf7 k9]sf] 7fpFdf …ljk| >Llx/fdlg h}l;Ú b]v]+, clg pxfFn] …ljk| >Lw/0fLw/emflxgfDg]Ú egL kf7 k9]sf] 7fpFdf t …ljk| >Lw/0fLw/emflågfDg]Ú eGg] kf7 k9]+ . o:tf] kf7 ePkl5 t xL/fdl0f gfd klg g;'g]sf] eGg ldn]g, emf y/ klg cGt sxL+ gk9]sf] eGg kfOPg . cfkm"n] dfq b]v]/, k9]/ ePg . æOltxf; n]Vg tQTsfnsf k|df0f rflxG5g\ . o;sf/0f k|df0f¿k lznfkqx¿ vf]Hg] / cy{ ug{ zSg] dg'iox¿ tof/ gu/L Oltxf; tof/ u5{' eGg' afn'jf k]n]/ t]n lgsfN5' eGg' h:t} x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f dnfO{ cg'ejn] l;sfPsf]n] d}n] cfˆgf] ann] EofP;Dd Oltxf;nfO{ sfd nfUg] k|df0f vf]Hg] / k/LIff ug{] ljifodf lh1f;'x¿nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] k|oTg ub{} cfPsf] 5'Æ3 egL k|df0fs} cfwf/df k/LIff u/]/ dfq n]Vg af]Ng l;sfpg'x'g] >Lu'? k+= go/fh kGts} kf7zfnfdf lzIff kfPsf] gftfn] o; af/]df klg d k|df0f h'6fpglt/ nfu]+ . klxnf] s'/f – cfhef]ln Palaeography, cyf{t\ sk= k'is/ zDz]/sf] sf]zcg';f/ …k|frLg n]v / vf]b]sf n]vfOsf] cWoogÚ elgG5 lg, xf]Ù To;};DaGwL cfFvfn] x]bf{ o; tfd|kqsf] 5}6f}+ k+lQmdf …lx/fdlgÚ k9\gsf nflu h'g …lxÚ j0f{ /x]sf] 5, ;f] oxL tfd|kqsf] P3f/f}+ k+lQmdf plNnlvt …b]lxÚ zAbdf cfPsf] …lxÚ j0f{;Fu 7\ofSs} ldN5 . To;}n] of] …leÚ xf]Og …lxÚ xf] eGg] b]lvof] . csf]{ s'/f – o; tfd|kqsf] 5}6f}+ k+lQmdf …lx/fdlgÚ k9\gsf nflu h'g …dÚ j0f{ /x]sf] 5, ;f] oxL tfd|kqsf] kfFrf}+ k+lQmdf plNnlvt /fhf …hok|sfz dnÚ zAbdf cfPsf] …dÚ j0f{;Fu 7\ofSs} ldN5 . To;}n] of] …oÚ xf]Og, …dÚ xf] eGg] b]lvof] . ca o; tfd|kqsf] 5}6f}+ k+lQmdf cln ulxl/P/ k9\of] eg] …emflxgfDg]Ú xf]Og, …emflågfDg]Ú eGg] kf7 /fd|/L k9\g ;lsG5 . ;f/f+zdf eGbf o; tfd|kqsf] 5}6f}+ k+lQmdf …ljk| >Lle/folgÚ kl9Psf]df …ljk| >L lx/fdlgÚ k9\g ;lsg] eof] . o;} u/L oxL k+lQmdf …w/0fLw/emflxgfDg]Ú kl9Psf]df …w/0fLw/emflågfDg]Ú eGg] kf7 klg :ki6};Fu k9\g ;lsg] eof] . xL/fdl0fsf] gfd, sflGtk'/sf /fhf e"kfn]Gb| dNnn] lj=;+= !&%& df hUuf bfg lbO{ ul/lbPsf] csf]{ Pp6f tfd|kqdf klg cfpF5 . kz'klt If]qsf] ;+f:s[lts cWoog -clen]v v08_ df k|sflzt pQm tfd|kqdf æ==== /fh/fh]Gb| ;sn/fhrqmfwLZj/ >L>L hoe"kfn]Gb| dNn k/d e§f/sb]jfgf+ ;bf ;d/ljhoLgf+ k|e'7fs'n;g dwgufde"df}, u[xjf:tJo >Lx]nfdl0f 3

wgjh| jh|frfo{, Oltxf; ;+zf]wg -$* qmdfut ;+Vof_ sf7df8f}+ M wgjh|, @)!^, df k|sflzt >Lu'? k+= go/fh kGtsf] …Oltxf; ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostfÚ eGg] dGtJosf] k[= # .

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kfWofgfDg] ;+k|bQ+ .Æ4 -/fhfdf >]i7, ;sn /fhrqmsf dflns, ;bf ;d/df ljhoL x'g] >L>L hoe"kfn]Gb| dNn k/d e§f/s b]j k|e' 7fs'/n] dwg ufpFdf a:g] >LxL/fdl0f pkfWofosf gfddf lbOPsf]_ eGg] pNn]v cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] k|ltR5lj k"l0f{df k"0ff{Í !#% df klg k|sflzt 5 . …lx/fdlgÚ Pj+ …x]nfdl0fÚ Ps} JolQm xL/fdl0fsf gfdsf pRrf/0fe]b dfq x'g\ . lj=;+= !&%& sf] tfd|kqdf …dwgu|fde"df} u[xjf:tJoÚ egL dwg ufpF cfhef]lnsf] d08g ufpF-<_df a:g] egL xL/fdl0fsf] jf;:yfg v'nfOPsf] 5 eg] lj=;+= !*)* sf] tfd|kqdf rflx+ …sfj¥of; rf]ªÚ -sfe|]df a:g]_ egL xL/fdl0fsf] 3/ sfe|] egL hgfOPsf] 5 . sfe|] klg d08g ufpF klg cfhef]lnsf] sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfd} kg]{ ePsf]n] oL b'O{ tfd|kqdf pNn]lvt xL/fdl0f Ps} JolQm x'g' w]/} ;Dej 5 . otfaf6 klg o; ;dodf sfe|]–If]qdf ljk| xL/fdl0fsf] cl:tTj sfod /x]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . csf{] s'/f – Pp6} hUuf b'O{ hgfsf] gfddf lbg'kbf{ dNnsfndf Pp6} lnvtdf …lågfDg]Ú n]Vg] k|rng lyof] . o;} x'Fbf /fhf hok|sfz dNnåf/f xL/fdl0f h};L / w/0fLw/ emfnfO{ Pp6} vnf] hUuf a]rL ul/lbOPsf] o; tfd|kqdf b'O{ hgfsf] gfdsf] hUuf egL k|dfl0ft ug{sf] nflu …lågfDg]Ú zAbsf] k|of]u ePsf] xf] . o:tf] k|of]u cyf{t\ b'O{ hgfnfO{ eGbf …peoÚ …låÚ h:tf zAbsf] k|of]u dNnsfnsf c¿ lnvtx¿df klg kfOG5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu sflGtk'/sf log} /fhf hok|sfz dNnsf] csf]{ Pp6f lnvtnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . oL /fhfn] sflGtk'/, Hofyaxfnsf k'gnIdL / nIdLZj/L b'O{ hgfnfO{ hUuf lb+bf æg]kfn]Zj/ dxf/fhflw/fh /fh/fh]Gb| ;sn/fhrqmfwLZj/ lgh]i6b]jb]j]Zj/L s[kfs6fIfjlnt ljqmdf]kflHh{t jf/0ffs/ ;d'b\e"t uh]Gb|klt >L>L hok|sfz dNnb]j k/d e§f/sb]jfgf+ ;bf ;d/ljhlogf+ k|e' yfs'n;g >LdTsflGtk'/dxfgu/], >LoUne"df} Hofyafxf/tf]n lsnfoglg lotf5]of, k'gnIdL, nlIdZj/L–lågfDgf k|;fbLs[t+5 -g]kfnZj/ dxf/fhflw/fh /fhfdf >]i7 ;a} /fh;d"xsf dflns cfˆgf Oi6b]jb]jLsf] s[kfb[li6n] x]l/Psf, cfˆg} k/fqmdn] v]bf u/L NofOPsf xfQLsf wgL, ;w}+ ;d/df ljhoL x'g] >L>L hok|sfz dNnb]j k/d e§f/s b]j k|e' 7fs'/n] >LsflGtk'/ dxfgu/df oUne"lddf Hof7jxfn 6f]n lsnfoglg Otf5]+ a:g] k'gnIdL / nIdLZj/L b'O{ hgfnfO{ lgufx ul/Psf]_ egL lnvt ul/lbPsf lyP .

4

uf]ljGb 608g, kz'kltIf]qsf] ;f+:s[lts cWoog -bf];|f] efu_, sf7df8f}+M em/]Gb| zDz]/ h=a=/f= tyf >LdtL d~h' /f0ff, @)%^, k[= @!$ .

5 dx]z/fh kGt, æsf7df8f}+sf /fhfx¿sf, tf8kqdf n]lvPsf, clxn];Dd k|sfzdf gcfPsf, !* j6f lnvtkqÆ k"l0f{df k"0ff{Í !)) -@)%&_ k[=^) .

k"0ff{Í – !%%

c;f/–;fpg @)&%

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o;} u/L /fhfaf6 tLg hgfnfO{ hUuf lb+bf …lqÚ …qoÚ zAb nufpg] k|rng klg dNnsfndf lyof], pbfx/0fsf nflu sflGtk'/sf /fhf dxLGb| l;+xsf] csf]{ lnvtnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . oL /fhfn] ;'gvfgLdf a:g] lzjfsf]l6 a|fXd0f >Lxif{b]j, >Luf]j4{gb]j, >LeuL/y oL tLg hgfnfO{ hUuf lbFbf æg]kfn]Zj/ dxf/fhflw/fh ==== >L>Lho dxLGb|l;+x b]j k/d e§f/sb]jfgf+ ===== k|e' 7fs'/;g z"gvflg; rf]ª lzjfsf]l6 ljk| >Lxif{b]j >Luf]j4{g >LeuL/y qof]gfDg] k|;fbLs[t+Æ -g]kfn]Zj/ dxf/fhflw/fh+ === >L>Lho dxLGb|l;+xb]j k/d e§f/s k|e' 7fs'/n] ;'gvfgLdf a:g] lzjfsf]l6 a|fXd0f >Lxif{b]j >Luf]j4{gb]j >L euL/y oL tLg hgfsf] gfpFdf lgufx u/L lbOof]6 egL lnvt ul/lbPsf lyP . o;/L hlt hgfnfO{ hUuf lbOPsf] xf], b'O{ hgf eP …låÚ …peoÚ, tLg hgf eP …lqÚ …qoÚ h:tf zAb nufOg] k|rng dNn sfndf lyof] . ca lgisif{df eGg'kbf{ dfly plNnlvt /fhf hok|sfz dNnsf] tfd|kqsf] k+lQm ^ df 8f= dx]z/fh kGtn] k9\g'ePsf] kf7 æljk|>Lle/folg h}l;Æ cz'4 xf] / z'4 kf7 æljk| >Llx/fdlg h}l;Æ xf] clg pxL k+lQmdf 8f= kGtn] k9\g'ePsf] kf7 æw/0fLw/emflxgfDg]Æ cz'4 xf] / z'4 kf7 æw/0fLw/ emflågfDg]Æ xf] eGg] s'/f 7f]s]/} eGg ;lsG5 . cGTodf – lj=;+= @)!* df3df dx]z/fh kGtn] …lnR5ljj+zqmddf Oltxf;sf/x¿n] u/]sf] e"nsf] ;+zf]wgÚ egL Oltxf;–;+zf]wg %# ;+Vof k|sflzt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] h'g e"nsf] s'/f ToxfF pNn]v ug'{ePsf] xf], ;f] e"n pxfFs} k"Ho lktfHo" Pj+ xfdLx¿sf >Lu'? k+= go/fh kGt Pj+ tf]q/fh kfF8]åf/f lnlvt g]kfnsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;df ePsf] lyof] . oxL e"nnfO{ cGo Oltxf;sf/x¿n] klg bf]xf]¥ofPsf lyP eGg] s'/f;d]t ToxfF bzf{OPsf] lyof] . 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ …/fhf hob]jsf] t]x|f}+ k':tfdf /fhf j[ifb]j k}bf ePÚ egL n]lvPsf]df Tof] e"n eof], tfTsflns k|df0fsf cfwf/df …/fhf hob]jsf] t]x|f}+ k':tfdf xf]Og, rf}wf}+ k':tfdf /fhf j[ifb]j hGd]sf x'gÚ\ eGg] s'/f ToxfF k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k'l:tsfsf] k|f/Dedf g} of] e"n ;RRofOlbg nfu]sf]df >Lu'? k+= go/fh kGtn] cfˆgf] …clegGbgÚ dGtJodf o:tf] n]Vg'ePsf] b]lvG5 – ædaf6 lzIff kfPsf ljBfk|rf/df nfu]sf dg'iodf gfgL wgjh| jh|frfo{n] d}n] hfg]hlt Oltxf; /fd|f];Fu hfgL To;df cem a9\tf cfˆgf] a'l4n] yk]sf 5g\ . ltg} wgjh|n] gfgL dx]z/fh kGtnfO{ tfnLd u/]sf x'g\ . ;f]xL tfnLdaf6 dx]z/fhn] >Ltf]q/fh / d]/f] ;+o'Qm kl/>daf6 lg:s]sf] g]kfnsf] 6

/fdhL t]jf/L / c¿, P]ltxfl;s kq – ;+u|x, -bf];|f] efu_ sf7df8f}+M g]kfn ;f+:s[lts kl/ifb\, @)@!, k[=!@ .

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;+lIfKt Oltxf;df k/]sf] cz'l4nfO{ e]§fO{ k|sfz u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf cz'l4nfO{ Oltxf;–;+zf]wsx¿n] vf]hLvf]hL k|sfz u¿g\ eGg] d]/f] sfdgf 5 .Æ7 otfaf6 cfˆgf] cz'l4 ;RRofOlbg]nfO{ >Lu'?n] ;xif{ clegGbg u/L o:tf ;+zf]wg sfo{ x'Fb} hfpmg\ eGg] cfˆgf] sfdgf÷OR5f /lx/x]sf] s'/f klg cleJoQm ug'{ePsf] kfOG5 .

To;kl5 ;f]xL k'l:tsfsf] …k|:tfjgfÚ df dx]z/fh kGtn] klg cfˆgf] o:tf] lg0f{o ;'gfpg'ePsf] 5 – æklxn] cfˆgf], clg cfˆgf u'?sf], clg dfq c¿x¿sf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ xfd|f] lgodadf]lhd clxn] >Lu'?sf] / ToxL ljifodf e"n ug]{ c¿ :jb]zL / ljb]zL Oltxf;sf/x¿sf] cz'l4sf] oxfF ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] z'4 / ;Dk"0f{ Oltxf; tof/ kfg]{ sfd k"/f ug{ To;sf] cg's"n lzIffk4lt cfjZos 5 . ;f] cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ lsl;dsf] lzIff clxn] d ln+b}5' . o;sf/0f Oltxf;sf] gfpFdf hfltut e|d km}nfpg], ljb]zLsf] k'R5/ agL cfˆgf] b]zsf] Oltxf; aª\Uofpg], dflns l/emfpg Oltxf; c08a08 kfg]{, cfkm"n] hfGb} ghfg]sf] ljifodf xft xfnL cy{sf] cgy{ ug]{ Oltxf;sf/x¿n] km}nfPsf e|dx¿ x6fpg' cfjZos ePsf]n] ;f] sfdsf] ;fy;fy} g]kfnsf] Oltxf; tof/ ug]{ sfd pT;fxk"j{s ub}{ hfg] d}n] lgZro u/]sf] 5' .Æ8 8f= kGtn] o:tf] n]Vg'ePsf] klg clxn] %^ jif{ k'lu;s]5 . o; cjlwdf b]z–ljb]zdf 3'd]/, ljleGg ljZj ljBfnox¿dfkm{t 1fg cfh{g u/]/ clxn] 8f= kGt k|fRo ljBf;DaGwL d"4{Go ljåfg\ eO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . cem k|l;4 ;flxTofg'/fuL ljåfg\ z]if/fh lzjfsf]6Lsf] zAb ;fk6L lng] xf]eg] pxfF æcfˆgf] uf}/jzfnL ljåTk/Dk/faf6 dx]z/fh kGtn] klg Hof}ltif, ul0ftafx]s ljBfsf k|foM ;a}h;f] If]qdf cfˆgf :jgfdwGo uf}/jzfnL lktfs} txdf cfˆgf] ljBfsf] tx k'¥ofO;Sg'ePsf] 5 . cem kfZrfTo ljBf;Fu t'ngfTds cWoogsf] ulx/fO{n] t lktfsf] prfO{nfO{ pxfFn] To; If]qdf gfl3;Sg'ePsf] 5 eGg ;lsG5 . ljBfsf] If]qdf dfq} geP/ JolQmut zLn, :jefj, g}lts rl/q, cWoog–k4lt, ljBf k|ltsf] lgi7f / ;dk{0f efj, n]vgz}nLb]lv lnP/ lgeL{stf, lgikIftf / ljj]s a|Xdn] b]v]sf] s'/f v'n:t n]Vg ;Sg] lxDdtn] klg …af3sf] aRrf af3 g} x'G5Ú eGg] g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|rlnt pvfgnfO{ pxfFn] ;To, ;fy{s / l;4 t'Nofpg ;dy{Æ9 x'g'ePsf] 5 . o;f] xf] tfklg oxL 7

dx]z/fh kGt, Oltxf;–;+zf]wg -%# qmdfut ;+Vof_ sf7df08f}+M}+ ;+zf]wg– d08n, @)!*, k[=$ .

8 dx]z/fh kGt, k"j{jt\ g+= ^ k[=& .

9 dx]z/fh kGt, go/fh kGtsf] b[li6df >L # hËaxfb'/ /f0ff, sf7df8f}+M 1fgu'g ;flxTo k|lti7fg, @)&), k|sfzsLosf] bf];|f] k[i7 .

k"0ff{Í – !%%

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ef]nfgfy kf}8]n, wgjh| jh|frfo{, Oltxf; ;+zf]wg -$( qmdfut ;+Vof_, sf7df8f}+ M ef]nfgfy, wgjh|, @)!^, sf] k|:tfjgfsf] k[= # / $ .

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(*%!)^*%#* àsfnL dfu{, gofF afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+

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k/Dk/fdf x'ls{Psf] gftfn] 8f= kGtsf] n]vdf ePsf s]xL e"nx¿sf] ;+zf]wg o; k+lQmsf/n] klg s]xL jif{b]lv ul/cfPsf]df o; ;DaGwdf xfn;Dd pxfFsf] s'g} klg k|ltlqmof k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g -lj:t[t k|;Ë – /rgf k"0ff{Í !%@_ . ;+zf]wgsf] s'/f cfO;s]kl5 o:tf ljåfg\n] 7Ls eP 7Ls, a]7Ls eP a]7Ls t elglbg'kg]{ xf] . cln klxn]sf] s'/f ug{] xf] eg] klg ;+zf]wg–d08nsf x:tLx¿ o; k+lQmsf/sf lktfHo" k+= ef]nfgfy kf}8]n tyf u'? wgjh| jh|frfo{n] ;d]t …xfdL cfˆgf e"nnfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ ub{5f}+Ú egL cfˆgf] jrga4tfnfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf o;/L k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] – æ…zqf]/lk u'0ff jfRof bf]iff jfRof u'/f]/lkÚ -zq's} eP klg u'0f eGg'k5{, u'?s} eP klg bf]if atfpg'k5{_ tyf …:jbf]ifk/bf]ifljt\Ú -cfˆgf] bf]if / c¿sf] bf]if a'em\g]_ oL l;4fGtcg';f/ xfdLn] sfd u/]sf 5f}+ . xfdL cfˆgf e"nnfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ . c¿x¿n] xfd|f] e"n b]vfOlbg'ePdf klg pxfFx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbO{ cfˆgf] e"n ;RofO{ 5kfpg]5f}+ . o;} u/L c¿x¿;Fu klg cfˆgf] e"n :jLsf/ ug{] cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . e"n :jLsf/ ub{}df dflg; ;fgf] x'Fb}g . JolQmn] cfˆgf] e"n ;sfbf{ /fi6«sf] lxt x'G5 . >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] e"n ;sfbf{ g]kfn /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f ePYof] .Æ10 clxn] t crDd Û o;}n] of] l;4fGt klg c¿x¿sf] ;+zf]wg cfkm"n] ubf{ nfu" x'g], cfˆg} ;+zf]wg c¿n] u/]df rflx+ nfu" gx'g] xf] ls eGg] zÍf k}bf ePsf] 5 . 8f= kGt h:tf ljlzi6 ljåfg\nfO{ of] s'/f ;'xfpnf / <

u'0fu|fxL hxfF 5}g a]sfd 5 ToxfF u'0fL sf}8Ldf klg ldNsG5 leNnsf b]zdf dl0f —sljlz/f]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8\ofn 70 ÷ /rgf

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/fx'n ;f+s[Tofogsf] hLjgsyf k|sfz P=/fh

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cl:6«ofsf] leogf ljZjljBfnosf n]Sr// cnsf cfq]o r'8fn /lrt /fx'n ;f+s[Tofogaf/]sf] k':ts xfn} c+u|]hL efiffdf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . /fx'n -;g\ !*(#– !(^#_ nAw k|ltli7t ef/tLo n]vs lyP h;n] cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf ofqf ;+:d/0f, cfVofg h:tf ljleGg ljwfdf w]/} k':ts n]v]sf lyP . pgs]f ax'n klxrfg lyof]Ù h;dWo] dWodjuL{o e"ldxf/ kl/jf/df hGd ePkl5 cfo{ ;dfhL, y]/jfbL af}4 leIf', ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;]gfgL ;d]tsf] ¿kdf lyof] . pgn] >LnÍf / ;f]leot o'lgogdf ;d]t ljZjljBfnodf cWofkg u/]sf lyP . /fx'nn] rf/k6s k|frLg af}4 u|Gysf] vf]hLdf g]kfnsf] af6f] ltAatsf] ofqf ;d]t u/]sf lyP . To;j]nf ltAat rLgsf] sAhfdf geO{ :jfoQ lyof] . /fx'nn] tTsfn vf]hL u/]sf k|frLg af}4 u|Gy To;tfsf ef/tdf pknAw lyPgg\ . lsgls afx|f}+ ztfAbLb]lv d';ndfgL xdnfsf sf/0f lognfO{ gi6 ul/Psf] lyof] . oL dWo] s]xL u|Gy :jtGq lxGb'/fHo /x]s]f / slxNo} d';ndfgx¿sf] cwLgdf g/x]sf]n] / af}4 wdf{jnDjL ;d]tsf] pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt /x]sf]n] g]kfndf eg] s]xL dfqfdf /xL /x]sf lyP . /fx'nsf] hGd ef/tsf] xfn pQ/ k|b]zsf] cfhdu9 lhNnfsf] s/}nf eGg] ufpFdf ePsf] lyof] . cfhdu9 lhNNff g]kfnaf6 au]/ uPsf] s0ff{nL gbL -h;nfO{ ef/tdf 3f3/f gbL elgG5_ / jf/f0f;Lsf] aLrdf /x]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] dft[[efiff ef]hk'/L ePklg /fx'nn] lxGbL efiffdf n]v] . g]kfnsf] af/f, k;f{ / /f}tx6df ;d]t af]lng] efiff ef]hk'/L g} xf] . pgnfO{ jf/f0f;Lsf] kl08t ;dfhn] …dxfkl08tÚ sf] pkflw lbPsf] /x]5 . cnsf r'8fnn] pgnfO{ …;f+:s[lts /fi6«jfbLÚ eGg' g} pgsf] ;jeGbf plrt klxrfg eG7fg]sL /lx5g\ . /fx'n cfˆgf] hLjgko{Gt b]jgfu/L lnlkdf lxGbLsf] kIfw/ /x] . /fx'naf/] @^ j6f ljBfjfl/lwsf u|Gy n]lvPsf /x]5g\ . /fx'nsf] g]kfn;Fu nfdf] ;DaGw /x]5 . pgL klxnf] k6s ;g\ !(@# df lz/fqLsf] j]nfdf g]kfn cfP . To;j]nf pgL cfo{;dfhL lyP . ToxfF pgsf] e]63f6 /f0ff zf;gsfnsf k|efjsf/L JolQmTj, ljåfg tyf k':tsfnosf ;+u|xstf{ x]d/fh zdf{;Fu eof] . /fx'nn] u/]sf w]/} k6ssf] ltAat ofqf x]d/fhsf] ;xof]un] klg ;xh eof] . sf7df8f}+df x]d/fhsf] 7"nf] k':tsfno lyof] h;df x:tlnlvt u|Gy klg lyP . ToxfFsf x:tlnlvt u|GydWo] …k|df0fjlt{sfÚ klg lyof] . k"0ff{Í – !%%

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nflu -@)^%_, go/fh kGtsf] b[li6df >L # hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ff -@)&)_, sf] x'g\ t go/fh kGt -@)&!_, go/fh kGtsf] b[li6df >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx -@)&#_ / hg}k"l0f{dfb]lv /fgLkf]v/L;Dd -@)&$_ . oL ljleGg s[ltx¿dWo] o; n]vdf rrf{ ug{ nfluPsf] k':tssf] ;Gbe{ xf] M pg} ljåfg\ cg';Gwftf Pj+ ;|i6f 8f= dx]z/fh kGtåf/f lnlvt … hg}k"l0f{dfb]lv /fgLkf]v/L;DdÚ . of] k':ts @)&$ dfu{ & dfu{ z'Snk~rdLdf lvnzd{–/fhLjnf]rghf]zL :df/s k|lti7fg, sf7df8f}Fsf] ;+:yfn] k|sfzgdf NofPsf] xf] . of] kGthLn] rf8jf8, b]jd"lt{, b]j:yn, / k|frLg k':ts;DaGwL n]vsf] ;Fufnf]sf] ¿kdf j]nf÷avt n]v]/ kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ul/Psf n]vx¿ / ck|sflzt -Ps_nfO{ ;dflji6 u/]/ k':tsfsf/sf] ¿kdf Nofpg'ePsf] xf] . o; ljifodf pxfF :jo+ eGg'x'G5 M lj=;+=@)#@ b]lv @)&@ ;Ddsf $) jif{leq cfk"mn] n]v]sf rf8jf8, b]jd"lt{, b]j:yn / k|frLg k':ts;DaGwL Ps v08 / g]kfndf uPsf e"sDksf] gfnLa]nL, lj=;+= @)&@sf] dxfe"sDkaf6 xfd|f d7dlGb/df ePsf] Iflt / ltgsf] hL0ff]{4f/df k'/ftTTj ljefusf] csd{0otf / cf}bf;LGosf] ljifosf n]vsf] csf]{ v08 u/L k':ts lgsfNg] ljrf/ u/]sf] lyPF t/ klxnf] v08 g} 7"nf] ePsf]n] bf];|f] v08 ufEg] ljrf/ TofUg'k¥of] =====. -…oxL k':tssf] ljifodfÚ zLif{ssf] cu|n]vaf6_ …hg}k"l0f{dfb]lv /fgLkf]v/L;DdÚ s[ltdf /x]sf n]vx¿ x'g\ M -!_ hg}k"l0f{df–k9fO;Fu ufFl;Psf] rf8 -@_ b;}F -#_ lkzfrrt'b{zL / 3f]8]hfqf -$_ ljqmd;+jt\, kfxfFrx|], 3f]8]hfqf / la:s]6 -%_ kgf}tL – Ps ;+:s[t1sf] b[li6df -^_ lquª\uf / nflhdkf6sf lqljqmdd"lt{ -&_ c+z'jdf{sf] lznfn]vsf /fd]Zj/ / kj{t]Zj/sf] ljifodf -*_ dvg6f]nsf] u?8d"lt{ / To;sf] kL7sf] lznfn]v –(_ b]jd"lt{sf] ¿kdf dg'iod"lt{sf] / b]jd"lt{;Fu} dg'iod"lt{sf] k|lti7fkg -!)_ s;sf] sfi7d08k < -!!_ sfi7d08k;Fu nLnfah|sf] ;DaGw 5 t Û -!@_ uf}/Lsf] ljifodf -!#_ kmlk{ªsf] emª\s]Zj/Ld"lt{sf] k|frLgtfsf] ljifodf -!$_ O6'+axfnsf] k|1fkf/ldtf -!%_ huGgfy;Dk|bfo / g]kfn -!^_ k|tfk dNnsf] tLy{hfqf -!&_ /fgLkf]v/L .

80 ÷ /rgf

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-!_ hg}k"l0f{df–k9fO;Fu ufFl;Psf] rf8 zLif{ssf] n]vdf k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv g} hg}k"l0f{df cWoog;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . >fj0f / efb|k"l0f{df klxn] u'?;Fu k9\g hfg] rng lyof] . h"7f] jf ;"tsdf hg} nufpg] rng / u[x;"q cg';f/ pkfsd{ / pT;h{g ug]{ rng cyf{t\ j]bfWoogsf] k|f/De -pkfsd{_ / /f]Sg] -pT;h{g_ s'/f ePsf] ;ª\s]t, j]bsf] cWoogdf ;xfos ^ cª\u -lzIff, sNk, Jofs/0f, 5Gb, lg?St, Hof]ltif_sf] ;Gbe{, d'Vo ¿kdf hg}k"l0f{dfdf a|Xdfsf] / ;Ktlif{ -sZok, clq, e/åfh, ljZjfldq, uf}td, hdblUg, jl;i7 / jl;i7sL kTgL cg;"ofsf] k"hf x'g] s'/fx¿ ;fGble{s u|Gyx¿sf] p4/0f;lxt lj:t[t j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . d"n ¿kdf hg}k"l0f{df, Cliftk{0fLsf] dxTTj, ljBf/Desf] z'ekj{sf] s'/fnfO{ lrgfpg] sfd o; n]vdf ePsf] 5 .

-@_ b;}F zLif{ssf] n]vdf bz}Fsf] rngsf] ;Gbe{df zf:qLotfsf s'/fåf/f k'li6 ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 . klxn] klxn] Iflqox¿n] ljho–ofqfsf] j]nf lg/fhgf ug]{ rng, sf}l6No cy{zf:qsf] cZjfWoIf k|s/0fsf s'/f, j/fxldlx/sf] a[xt\ ;+lxtf / sflnsfk'/f0fflbdf ePsf] lg/fhgfljlwsf] ;Gbe{ NofOsf] 5 . To:t} cd/sf]zdf nf]xfle;f/ jf nf]xflexf/sf s'/f, g]kfnsf] lnR5jLsfnLg ;Gbe{x¿, zfSt ;Dk|bfo, ef/tLo /fdnLnfsf k|;ª\u, b'uf{k"hf jf zlStk"hfsf] JofkstflbnfO{ kfbl6Kk0fL;lxt j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

-#_ lkzfrrt'b{zL / 3f]8]hfqf zLif{ssf] n]vdf g]kfndf rNg] OGb|hfqf cGoq nf]k ePsf], g]jf/x¿sf] rng r}qs[i0frt'b{zLnfO{ lkzfrrt'b{zL dfGg] u/]sf] ;Gbe{ NofP/ elgPsf] 5 – Tof] lbg zs;+jt\sf] cdfGtdfgcg';f/sf] k~rfª\ucg';f/ klg gofF jif{sf] z'¿ x'g] lbg kYof]{===kmfNu'0f s[i0fe"tfx] gfDgfe"t rt'b{zL ========. -k[i7 !#_ cf}F;Lsf] lbg 3f]8]hfqf / csf]{ lbg k/]jfdf clhdfx¿sf] v6hfqf ug]{ rng ljleGg zf:qLo k|df0fsf ;fy k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 . o;df a|Xdk'/f0f, b]jLk'/f0f, sflnsfk'/f0f, dxfsfntGq / k|frLg clen]v -xif{;+jt\ @&^, lj=;+= (#*–#(sf] lznfn]v_ lbOPsf] 5 .

-$_ ljqmd;+jt\, kfxfFrx|], 3f]8]hfqf / la:s]6 zLif{ssf] n]vdf lkzfrrt'b{zLsf] ;Gbe{df cfPsf] ;+jT;/sf s'/fx¿ lbOPsf] 5 . s[t;+jt\ -$@* lj=;+=_, dfn;+jt\ !@@^sf] s'/f / ljqmd ;+jt\ ;j{k|yd *(*sf] lznfn]vdf ePsf] s'/f / rGb|zd;]/sf] kfnfdf !(^)b]lv ;/sf/L sfof{nodf rngdf cfPsf] / j}zfv ! ut] klxnf] lbg eGg] rn]sf] ;Gbe{x¿ :ynk'/f0fsf] ;Gbe{ NofP/ k'li6 ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 .

-%_ kgf}tL – Ps ;+:s[t1sf] b[li6df zLif{ssf] n]vdf sf7df8f}Faf6 ;ft sf]z k"j{–blIf0f efudf /x]sf] kgf}tLsf] P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . klxn] sf7df8f}F, kf6g, eStk'/ / ag]kf rf/ /fHo kfFr ;o jif{k"j{ v8f ePsf, lj=;+=!*@) sflt{sdf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] k"0ff{Í – !%%

c;f/–;fpg @)&%

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kgf}tL ljho u/]sf, kgf}tLsf] ;Gbe{df k'0odftf, /f]zL gbL / kBfjtLsf] ;ª\ud:yn cflbsf] s'/f / uf}tdClifkTgL clxNofdf cf;St OGb|sf] syf / To;af6 l;lh{t zfksf k|;ª\ux¿ ljleGg kf}/fl0fs syfåf/f k'li6 u/]/ kgf}tLsf] P]ltxfl;s kIfnfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf p7fP/ j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

-^_ lquª\uf / nflhdkf6sf lqljqmdd"lt{ zLif{ssf] n]vdf lquª\ uf cyf{t\ ltnuª\ufdf ePsf] k|frLg lqljqmdsf] d"lt{ / n}grf}/af6 k"j{ -wf]aLrf}/ nflhDkf6_ 6's'rfsf] lsgf/df /x]sf] lqljqmdd"lt{sf] ;DaGwnfO{ lnP/ P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"lddf rrf{ ePsf] 5 . lji0f'sf bzfjtf/dWo] jfdgfjtf/sf] ;DaGw ePsf]n] To;sf] kf}/fl0fs syf lbOPsf] 5 . lqljqmd d"lt{x¿sf] clen]v / d"lt{sf] :j¿kaf/] lj:t[t rrf{ ePsf] 5 . kf}/fl0fs syfgssf] cfwf/ agfP/ s'FlbPsf] ;'Gb/ d"lt{ /flvPsf] ejg gePsf] x'Fbf g]kfnL d"lt{snf, jf:t'snfsf] af/]df k|fdfl0fs 1fg kfpg sl7gfO ePsf] ;Gbe{ klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

-&_ c+z'jdf{sf] lznfn]vsf /fd]Zj/ / kj{t]Zj/sf] ljifodf zLif{ssf] n]vdf xfl8ufpF l:yt lznfn]v / ljxf/sf] rrf{, /fd]Zj/ / kj{t]Zj/sf] ljifodf k|fdfl0fs cfwf/ lbg] qmddf lxdjt\ v08 !)! cWofo, @!^, @!&, @!* k[i7 / !)! cWofo @!^ k[i7sf] ;+:s[t Znf]s;lxt g]kfnLdf cg'jfb JofVof u/]/ a'emfpg] r]i6f ePsf] 5 . ToxfF elgPsf] 5 M lxdjt\ v08df kz'klteGbf tLg xhf/ wg' -8]9 sf];_ pQ/df kj{t]Zj/ 5g\ egL n]lvPsf]n] kj{t]Zj/sf] :yfg kz'kltb]lv 8]9 sf]; pQ/df /x]sf] b]lvG5====. -k[i7 %%_ o;/L c+z'jdf{sf] lznfn]vdf rrf{ ePsf /fd]Zj/ / kj{t]Zj/ sf] ljifodf lj:t[t JofVof ePsf] 5 .

-*_ dvg6f]nsf] u?8d"lt{ / To;sf] kL7sf] lznfn]v zLif{ssf] n]vdf dvg6f]ndf ePsf] gf/fo0fsf] k"jf{led'v dlGb/df /x]sf] klZrdfled'v u?8d"lt{sf] ;DaGwdf / To;df lznfn]v -!^$)_ hf] lzjl;+x / /0flhtl;+x ljho/fHodf /flvPsf] lznfn]vdf dª\unf5]+ 6f]n x'/5]+sf /fhj+zsf p4j jfa'n] u'7L /fv]sf] ;Gbe{ /x]sf] 5 / o;df ljleGg ;dodf :yflkt u?8d"lt{sf], Xo'dt6f]n / d?6f]nsf] rrf{ klg /x]sf] 5 .

-(_ b]jd"lt{sf] ¿kdf dg'iod"lt{sf] / b]jd"lt{;Fu} dg'iod"lt{sf] k|lti7fkg zLif{ssf] n]vdf cfkmGtsf] k'0o sfdgf;lxt d/]sf JolQmsf] ;Demgfdf lnR5jL sfnLg dfgb]jsL /fgL u'0fjtLn] k/nf]s ePsf afj' lsGg/ jdf{sf] p4f/sf nflu :yfkgf lj=;+= %%% sf] nflhDkf6df :yflkt lzjlnª\u, cfle/L uf]ldgLn] :juL{o k'0o a9f];\ eg]/ lj=;+= %(* df kz'kltdf cg'kd]Zj/ lzjlnª\usf] :yfkgfsf ;fy} lj=;+= !@## sf] rfFu'sf] lji0f'd"lt{ cflb cg]s d"lt{sf] ljifo :yfkgf ePsf d[tsx¿nfO{ ;Demfpg] d"lt{x¿sf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . 7fpF 7fpFdf ePsf tfd|kqx¿af6 s'g ;dodf s;n] 82 ÷ /rgf

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s;sf] gfpFdf d"lt{x¿ :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ eGg] s'/f / ltly ldlt;lxt JofVof Pj+ j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . kfbl6Kk0fLn] klg k|z:t hfgsf/L lbg] sfd o; n]vdf ePsf] 5 .

-!)_ s;sf] sfi7d08k < zLif{ssf] n]vdf sfi7d08ksf] gfdaf6 sf7df8f}F ePsf] / sfi7d08k ;Qn Pp6} ;fnsf] ¿vaf6 lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f / Tof] nIdLg/l;+x dNnsf kfnfdf ag]sf] eGg] egfOsf ;Gbe{df sfi7d08ksf] s'/fnfO{ tf]q/fh kf08]o / go/fh kGtåf/f v08g ePsf] ;Gbe{ tyf Oltxf; ;+zf]wg d08nn] ljzb vf]h u/]sf] sfi7d08ksf] Oltxf;nfO{ o;df rrf{ ePsf] 5 . elgPsf] 5 M &( jif{sf] o; vf]hLaf6 sfi7d08ksf] lgdf{0f afx|f}F ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{d} eO;s]sf] k|dfl0ft eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf e}Frfnf]kl5 kfZrfTo k'/ftTTj1x¿n] sfi7d08ksf] hudf hudf u/]sf] vggsfo{af6 Tof] hu ;ftf}F ztfAbLlt/ xflnPsf] x'g'k5{, -k[i7 **_ eGg] ;Gbe{df Tof] slt k|dfl0fs 5 of] ;f]rgLo ljifo xf] . cyf{t\ o; n]vdf nIdLg/l;+x dNnsf] kfnfdf sfi7d08k ag]sf] eGg] ;Gbe{df ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg ljåfg\x¿sf ljrf/x¿nfO{ lnP/ k|df0f;lxt To; j]nfsf] xf]Og eGg] s'/f / lj=;+= !$@(sf] ch'{gb]j / l:ylt/fh dNnsf] ;dosf] :joDe"sf] lznfn]v, of]uL g/xl/gfyåf/f k|sfzgdf cfPsf] lj=;+= !#$@sf] tfd|kqsf] s'/faf6 k'li6 ePsf] ;Gbe{ NofP/ v08g ul/Psf] 5 . csf]{ s'/f sfi7d08ksf] ljifodf uf]/vkGyLx¿n] 7fpF 7fpFdf d08k agfPsf / To;df klxnf] sfi7d08k xf] eGg] cfwf/x¿ klg ePsfn] ;dfhdf h'g lgdf{0fsf] ljifodf rrf{ jf bfaL ul/Psf] 5 Tof] lg/y{s xf] eGg] s'/f k|df0f;lxt k'li6 ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, gfytLyf{jnLsf ;+:s[tkBx¿ lbP/ k'li6 ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 .

-!!_ sfi7d08k;Fu nLnfjh|sf] ;DaGw 5 t Û zLif{ssf] n]vdf sfi7d08k;Fu ;DalGwt sd{sf08L ljåfg\n] @^ jif{ cufl8 snd rnfPsf] ;Gbe{df elgPsf] 5 M g]kfn b]zsf] /fhwfgL sfi7d08k eg] klg d?;Qn pxfF nLnfjh| u'?Ho"n] g} :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf]===. -k[i7 (%_ tflGqsfrfo{ nLnfjh|n] sfi7d08k agfP eGg] kfOPsf] ;Gbe{df tLy{nfn /fhe08f/L, o1dfgklt ah|frfo{n] cª\uLsf/ u/]sf s'/f NofOPsf] 5 . !) / !!cf}F b'j} n]vaf6 sfi7d08ksf] :yflkt Oltxf;sf] af/]df v08g ePsf] ;Gbe{ klg b]lvG5 / nLnfjh|sf] xf]Og eGg] xf] .

-!@_ uf}/Lsf] ljifodf zLif{ssf] n]vdf lj=;+= !%)#df k/nf]s ePsL ;+;f/b]jLsf] $% lbgdf kz'klt dlGb/sf] ue{u[xdf k|ltdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] tfd|kqaf6 yfxf ePsf] t/ x]g{ gkfPsf]n] s:tf] 5 eGg] lh1f;fsf ;fy p7fg ul/Psf] n]vdf uf}/Lsf] k|ltdf nIf0f, k|fRo ljBf;DaGwL ;+:yfaf6 k|sflzt ck/flhtk[R5fsf] k|;ª\u, uf}/Lsf] afx| d"lt{sf] j0f{g ;+:s[t c+z k"0ff{Í – !%%

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/ g]kfnLd cg'jfb, clUgk'/f0f, ;f/;d'Rro, oddt, dfg;f/, ¿kd08g, lji0f'wdf]{Q/ k'/f0f, ;'k|e]bfud cflbsf ;+:s[t Znf]s / To;sf] cg'jfb lbP/ k|ltdfnIf0fsf] af/]df lj:t[t rrf{ ePsf] 5 . b]pkf6gsf] dxfuf}/Lsf] d"lt{ -lj=;+= !@%#_, !&)!÷@df sf]l/Psf] vfsf, ljleGg wft'sf d"lt{x¿ u/L ;ª\ Vof bzj6f lbP/ uf}/Lsf k|ltdfx¿ b]vfOPsf] 5 . g]jf//fHo / v;/fHosf] ;DaGwdf k|dfl0fs k'li6 ug]{ sfd o; n]vaf6 ePsf] 5 .

-!#_ kmlk{ªsf] emª\s]Zj/Ld"lt{sf] k|frLgtfsf] ljifodf zLif{ssf] n]v d"ntM ;do / :yfg ljz]ifaf6 lj=;+= !$^# eGbf &@ jif{ klxn] g} /x]sf] k'li6 ul/Psf] 5 .

-!$_ O6'+axfnsf] k|1fkf/ldtf zLif{ssf] n]vdf b]vfpg egL jxfnsf b]jtf /fVg] ;DaGwL s'/f, O6'+jxfndf /x]sf] k':ts dxfofg jfª\dodf Ps cIf/b]lvPs nfv;Ddsf] k|1fkf/ldtfsf] af/]df cyf{t\ ci6fbz;fxl;|sf -!* xhf/_, k~rlj+zlt;fxl;|sf -@% xhf/_, zt;fxl;|sf -! nfv_ Znf]s ePsf] k':ts tLgj6fsf] ;Gbe{, k|frLg b]jgfu/L lnlksf] pbfx/0f, ljleGg ;+jt\sf k|;ª\ux¿, g]kfnnfO{ gokfn n]lvPsf] s'/f, ljleGg lznfkqsf k|;ª\u, ljxf/x¿, ljleGg /fhfx¿sf lznfn]vsf k|;ª\ux¿ cflb ljifo lj:t[t ¿kdf o;df cfPsf 5g\ .

-!%_ huGgfy;Dk|bfo / g]kfn zLif{ssf] n]vdf ;gftgwdL{x¿ rf/wfd rng 5 . tL x'g\ M ab|Lgfy, /fd]Zj/, åf/sfwfd, huGgfyofqf . gLnfb|Lkj{tk"j{ ;fu/sf lsgf/df cjl:yt huGgfy j}i0fj wdf{jnDaLsf] dxTTjk"0f{ 7fpF xf] . gLdsf] sf7af6 ag]sf tL d"lt{ sfi7do dT:o]Gb|gfysf] d"lt{;Fu t'ngLo 5g\ elgPsf] 5 . rf}wf}F ztfAbLk"j{ k'?iff]Qd eg]/ lrlgg] lj=;+= !#^^df klxnf]kN6 huGgfy zAb k|of]u ePsf] pl8;fsf] Oltxf;df kfOg] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf c7f/f}F ztfAbLdf huGgfy b]jndf of] zAb k|of]u ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/f cfPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L huGgfy dlGb/ dvg6f]ndf /x]sf], eStk'/sf] kf}jfdf klg huGgfyfo gdM eGg] kfOPsf] / ljleGg ljåfg\, /fHosf zf;sx¿sf] pNn]v u/]/ >L % /fh]Gb|n] lj=;+= !*(! df hf/L u/]sf tfd|kqdf huGgfysf] gfd cfPsf] ;Gbe{ p7fOPsf] 5 .

-!^_ k|tfk dNnsf] tLy{hfqf zLif{ssf] n]vdf k|tfk dNnsf] tLy{hfqf !^^( O{=;+= gfd lbP/ /fli6«o snf ;ª\u|xfnodf /flvPsf 7\ of;k"msf] ;DaGwdf #& jif{ cufl8 lyof]8f]/ l/sf8L{n] rrf{ u/]sf lyP . lj=;+= @)$)÷)$!df bLks l;Dv8fsf] n]v, jL0ff kf}8\ofnsf] lrq;DaGwL aofg, ;gt j:tLn] ljBfjfl/lw ubf{sf] rrf{ ljZn]if0f cflbsf] s'/faf6 n]vsn] 7\ of;k"mdf ePsf] ljifo p7fpFb} ltlyldlt;lxt hfqfsf] lj:t[t vf]h ePsf] 5 . $ -rf/_ jif{sf nflu tLy{ofqfdf uPsf k|tfk dNnsf] ljifodf tof/ kfl/Psf] / tLy{ hfFbf rf/ efO 5f]/fnfO{ k|To]sn] kfn}kfnf] Ps jif{ /fHo 84 ÷ /rgf

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;~rfng ug]{ eGg] ePsf]df rf}yf] jif{ /fhf ePsf] sfG5f] 5f]/f cxf]/fqdf g} lat]sf]n] p;sf] gfddf df]x/ 5fk], kf]v/L agfP eGg] ;Gbe{sf ;fy} cf7 /fgL /fhdtL, ¿kdtL, nfndtL, nfnb]jL, cgGtlk|of, k|efjtL, OGb|dtL cflbsf] rrf{ ub}{ d"lt{ /flvPsf] ;Gbe{ o;df cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn, ef/t, rLg, e"6fg cflbsf ljleGg tLy{ofqfsf] gfd lbP/ Tolt j]nfsf] cj:yfsf] lj:t[t rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

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s'g} zª\sf 5}g . of] hg;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf], clxn]b]lv ;ts{ x'Fbf kl5 klg ;Totfdf cfwfl/t eP/ nfO{ Oltxf; n]vgnfO{ ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] u|Gysf] dxQf cTolws /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] of] cg';GwfgfTds sfo{ xf] . cToGt sl7g sfo{ klg xf] lsgls ;dfhdf rln/x]sf] ls+jblGtx¿sf] k|efjnfO{ lr/]/ ;TotYo :yflkt ug]{ sfd ePsf]n] klg sl7g xf], :t'To 5 . sljlz/f]dl0f /fhLjnf]rg hf]zLsf] *( cf}F :d[ltlbj;df nf]sflk{t dx]z/fh kGtåf/f lnlvt …hg}k"l0f{dfb]lv /fgLkf]v/L;DdÚh:tf] rf/ ;oeGbf a9L k[i7df tof/ ePsf] dxTTjk"0f{ s[lt ;+:yfn] k|sfzgdf NofPsf]df awfO{ lbG5' / vf]hk"0f{ of] k':tsn] ;dfhsf ;a}nfO{ cWoog ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug]df ljZj:t 5' . o; ;Gbe{df cfk|mgf sljtfTds egfO klg /fVb5' M Oltxf; snfleq dflg; /Dg k'Ub5g\ snfsf] k"0f{tfleq Oltxf; ;hfpF5g\ .

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