Rachana 175 by Basu Shrestha

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To;}u/L hubLz zdz]/ /f0ffn] æuhn sljtfsf] ufhn xf] . clnslt leq cfFvfdf k¥of] eg] kf]Ng yfN5 . l8nb]lv aflx/ k/] ntkltP/ ¿k g} laufb{5 . cf}lrTosf] o:tf] ;"Id ;Gt'ng ufhndf h:t} uhndf klg /xg'k5{ . uLt, sljtfsf] gjgLt xf] eg] ‘uhnÚ o;} gjgLtsf] d'nfodkg xf] .Æ egL uhnsf] kl/efiff lbPsf 5g\ .

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#=!= efj

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uhndf k|o'Qm ljifoj:t' efjdo x'g'kb{5 . efjsf] k|of]ulagf uhn 3tnfUbf] / dd{:kzL{ x'g ;Sb}g . o;y{ uhndf efjsf] dxŒj k|frLgsfnb]lv g} :jLsfl/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . uhnnfO{ nofTds tyf cfTdk/stflt/ pGd'v u/fpg] sfddf efjn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . uhnsf] ;DaGwæxl/0f lzz'dfly s'g} Jofwfn] xflgPsf] ddf{Gts tLvf] tL/ nfUgfn] lglSnPsf] cft{gfbÆ;Fu :yflkt ug{ vf]lhg'n] klg uhndf efjsf] k|antfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] :ki6 x'G5 . j:t' hut\n] sljsf] dgleq kg{ uPsf] /fufTds, k|0fofTds, sf?l0fs tyf ;'sf]dn cg'e"ltsf] ;xh cleJolQm uhndf x'g] ePsfn] efjsf] dxŒj cem a9\g uPsf] xf] . clxn]sf uhndf z[ª\uf/ efjsf cltl/Qm o'uhLjgsf] hl6n ;+j]bgf, cfzª\sf, ;Gtfk, kL8f, cf:yf, ljZjf;, 56k6L Pj+ o'usf cfqmf]z ljb|f]xh:tf cfjfhx¿ klg cleJoQm x'g] u5{g\ . o:tf ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ uhndf l;w} k|of]u gu/L efjk"0f{ ¿kdf k|:t't ul/G5 . uhndf k|]dsf] ;+of]u efjsf ;fy} ljof]u efjsf] k|of]u klg k|frLg ;dob]lv g} ePsf] kfOG5 . k|]dsf] ljifoaf6 k|f/De ePsf] uhnn]vgn] 8 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

clxn] ljifok|of]usf ¿kdf Jofkstf kfPsf] 5 . clxn]sf uhnx¿df k|]dsf] ;+of]u clg ljof]u efjsf cltl/Qm hLjgsf nflu cfjZos x/]s If]q;Fu ;Da4 ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . hg';'s} ljifodf uhn n]lvP klg uhndf k|o'Qm ljifoj:t' efjk"0f{ x'g}k5{ / ;/n nofTds efj–k|jfxdf uhn aUg'k5{ . #=@= sNkgf

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‘sNkgfÚnfO{ c/aL efiffdf ‘tv®o'nÚ elgG5 . sNkgfnfO{ a'emfpg cª\u|]hLdf kl/sNkgf (fancy) tyf sNkgf (imagination) h:tf zAbx¿ k|of]u ul/G5g\ . ;flxTodf ‘sNkgfÚ eGgfn] sljåf/f cfnª\sfl/s efiffdf n]Vg] zlQmeGg] a'lemG5 . sNkgfn] efjnfO{ v'n:t;Fu aflx/ k|s6 ug{ ;xof]u ug]{, afXo hutsf gL/;, af;L tyf g/fd|f j:t' clg cfGtl/s hut\sf b'MvbfoL 36gf, cg'ej cflbnfO{ gjLg, cfsif{s, c;fwf/0f / cb\e't agfO{ cfXnfbsf/L agfpg], sfJonfO{ sf]/f Oltxf; / kmf]6f]skL oyfy{ x'gaf6 hf]ufpg], gofF gofF laDa, k|tLs tyf cnª\sf/sf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cflb ljljw sfo{x¿ ug]{ ePsfn] uhndf klg sNkgfsf] k|of]u clgjfo{ x'G5 . :jR5GbtfjfbL slj snl/h, j8{:jy{n] klg pRr, uDeL/ tyf efjk"0f{ sljtfsf] l;h{gfdf sNkgfsf] clgjfo{ e"ldsf x'g] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . ‘uhnÚ klg sfJos} Ps rlr{t ljwf ePsfn] uhndf sNkgfsf] k|of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf x'g'kb{5 .

#=#= laDa tyf k|tLs

uhn sfJo¿k ePsfn] o;df eflifs snfsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . laDa tyf k|tLssf] k|of]ulagf uhn :t/Lo x'g ;Sb}g . uhnn] O;f/f jf ;ª\s]tåf/f efj cleJoQm u5{ eGg] egfOn] klg uhndf laDa tyf k|tLssf] cfjZostfaf/] :ki6 kfb{5 . #=#=!= laDa ‘laDaÚ sf] zflAbs cy{ 5foFf, k|ltlaDa, k|ltef, ;"o{d08n, rGb|df eGg] x'G5 . cª\u|]hLdf o;nfO{ Od]h (Image) elgPsf] 5 / o;sf] k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 9

cy{ ‘d"t{lrqÚ eGg] x'G5 . ;fdfGo cy{df o;n] j:t', sfo{, efj, ljrf/, wf/0ff, dgsf cj:yf, P]lGb|s, cltP]lGb|s cg'ejnfO{ a'emfpg] u5{ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿n] ;ft k|sf/sf dfgl;s laDax¿sf] kl/ro lbPsf 5g\ . tL laDax¿ b[Zo;DaGwL, cfjfh;DaGwL, uGw;DaGwL, :kz{;DaGwL, :jfb;DaGwL, zf/Ll/s ;r]ttf ;DaGwL / df+;k]zLsf] tgfj;DaGwL x'G5g\ . o;sf ;fy} tfk;DaGwL, ult;DaGwL tyf cg's/0ffTds laDa klg x'G5g\ . log} laDax¿ uLt tyf uhndf pkdf, ¿ks, pTk|]Iff, cltzof]lQm cflb cnª\sf/sf ¿kdf cfpg] u5{g\ . o;y{ laDasf ¿kdf ljljw cnª\sf/x¿ sfJodf k|of]u ul/g] ePsfn] uhndf ‘laDaÚ klg ckl/xfo{ tŒj dflgG5 .

#=#=@= k|tLs

‘k|tLsÚ zAbsf] zflAbs cy{ ‘pN6f], lj?4, k|lts"n, ljk/Lt, k|ltef eGg] x'G5 . ;flxTodf k|tLs eGgfn] vf; j:t', ljifo, b[Zo cflbnfO{ hgfpg] csf]{ j:t' jf lrgf] eGg] a'lemG5 . k|tLsnfO{ k/Dkl/t jf ;fj{hlgs, JolQmut, ljZjJofkL, :yfgLo / c:ki6 u/L kfFr k|sf/df juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

w .k h

s'g} ;f+:s[lts ;dfhåf/f :jLs[t k|tLsx¿ k/Dkl/t jf ;fj{hlgs k|tLs cGtu{t kb{5g\ . klxn] k|rngdf gePsf / kl5 slj jf ;flxTosf/åf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf k|tLsnfO{ JolQmut k|tLs elgG5 . ljZjJofkL k|tLssf] cy{ ;fdfGotM ljZjdf Pp6} x'G5 . :yfgLo k|tLs vf; :yfg ljz]if;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . c:ki6 k|tLsrflxF jf:tljs ;+;f/ geO{ cfbz{ ;+;f/ b]vfpg k|of]u ul/G5 . k|tLssf] k|of]un] yf]/} zAbdf klg s'g} w]/} s'/fx¿ eGg ;lsG5 . ‘uhndf k|o'Qm efiff kl/is[t, Zn]iffTds / PseGbf a9L cy{ nfUg] x'g'k5{ÚeGg] egfOn] klg uhndf k|o'Qm z}nL k|tLsfTds x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 . clewfTds ¿kdf s'g} efjnfO{ JoQm ul/Psf] 5 eg] Tof] ;fdfGo sljtf+z aGg k'U5 eg] To;}nfO{ nIf0ffn] o'Qm jf Jo~hgfTds z}nLaf6 k|tLsx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ JoQm ul/Psf] 5 eg] Tof] 10 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

uhnsf] hLjGt ;]/ aGg k'Ub5 . o; s'/fn] klg uhnsf] ckl/xfo{ tŒjsf] ¿kdf ‘k|tLsÚ /x]sf] :ki6 kfb{5 . o;/L k|tLssf] k|of]un] uhnnfO{ ;'Gb/, cfsif{s agfpg 7"nf] ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] x'G5 . #=$= efiff

uhndf k|of]u x'g] efj sNkgf, laDa tyf k|tLsx¿ klg efiffs} dfWodaf6 JoQm x'g] ePsfn] efiff uhnsf] clgjfo{ tyf dxŒjk"0f{ tŒj l;4 x'G5 . ;flxTosf x/]s ljwfdf efiff clgjfo{ tŒj x'G5 . sljtfsf] h:t} uhnsf] efiff klg ljlzi6, kl/is[t / kl/dflh{t x'G5 . uhndf k|o'Qm efiffdf ;"qfTdstf, k|efjsfl/tf, ;xh cy{af]w h:tf ljz]iftfx¿ x'g' cfjZos dflgG5 .

#=$=!= ;"qfTdstf

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uhndf ;"qfTds efiffsf] k|of]u x'G5 . yf]/} zAbdf w]/} s'/f eGg ;Sg' g} ;"qfTdstf jf ;+lIfKttf xf] . uhnsf] vf; v"aL o;sf] ;+lIfKttfdf lglxt x'g] x'gfn] uhndf ;"qfTds efiff x'gk' 5{ eGg] dflgG5 . yf]/,} cTofjZos zAbx¿åf/f clws efj JoQm ug{ ;Sg] uhndfq ;kmn dflgG5g\ . uhnleqsf b'O{ kª\lQm -;]/_n] l;+uf] cg'el" t hut\sf] lrq ptfg{ ;Sg'k5{ . uhnnfO{ ;"qfTds agfpg laDa tyf k|tLssf] k|of]u tyf nIf0ff / Jo~hgfsf] k|of]usf] klg 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 .

afFWbfafFWb} elTshfg] afFw /}’5 lhGbufgL z/b / lzlz/sf] ;fFw /}’5 lhGbufgL .

¿ks cnª\sf/sf] k|of]u u/L n]lvPsf] pko'Q { m ;]/df lhGbuLnfO{ sdhf]/ afFw clg z/b / lzlz/sf] ;fFw;Fu t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;]/df ‘z/bÚ v';Lsf] k|tLs agL cfPsf] 5 eg] lzlz/ b'Mvsf] k|tLs agL cfPsf] %= . ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fbf hLjg z/b\ cyf{t\ v'zlt/ pGd'v x'g] / gx'Fbf lzlz/ cyf{t\ b'Mvlt/ pGd'v x'g] efj pko'Q { m ;]/df JoQm ePsf] 5 . k|tLs, cnª\sf/, cflbsf] k|of]un] yf]/} zAbdf uDeL/, bfz{lgs cy{ JoQm ug{ ;kmn ePsfn] pko'Q { m ;]/ uhnsf] hLjGt ;]/ aGg k'us ] f] 5 . k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 11

s'g} j:t'sf] j0f{g, JolQm rl/q–lrq0f, kIf ljz]ifsf] ;dy{g jf lj/f]w, wfld{s g}lts, pkb]z, efif0f cflbnfO{ JoQm ug]{ ;fwg uhn xf]Og . o; egfOn] klg uhndf j:t'ljz]ifsf] j0f{g geO{ laDa, k|tLs / nIf0ff–Jo~hgf zlQm ;DkGg ;"qfTds u'0f x'g'kg]{ s'/ftkm{ ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 . #=$=@= k|efjsfl/tf

uhn elgg] / ;'lgg] ljwf ePsfn] uhndf k|o'Qm efiffn] uhn eGg] ;'Gg] jf k9\g] JolQmx¿sf] x[bodf t'?Gt gofF lsl;dsf] cg'e"lt k}bf ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . oxL x[bo:kGbgdf x'g] gofF lsl;dsf] cg'e"ltnfO{ k|efjsfl/tf elgPsf] xf] . uhnsf] o; u'0fnfO{ pb"{df ‘tf;L/ÚelgG5 . o;sf] cy{ x'G5 c;/ jf k|efj . uhnn] kf7s jf >f]tfnfO{ k'gM k9\g jf ;'Gg k|]l/t ub}{g eg] To;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'GgeGg] egfOn] klg uhndf k|o'Qm efiff, zAbx¿ k|efjf]Tkfbs x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 .

#=$=#= ;xh cy{af]w÷;/ntf

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uhn u]o ljwf ePsfn] o;df b'¿x zAbsf] k|of]u ug'{ pko'Qm x'Fb}g . ;'nlnt ;/n kb, kbfjnLn] dfq nofTds ;+fuLlts emª\sf/ pTkGg x'g] / uhn klg ;'dw'/ / lrQfsif{s x'g] ePsfn] efiffsf] ;/n k|of]u uhnsf nflu clgjfo{ dflgPsf] xf] . uhndf cnª\sf/ laDa / k|tLssf] k|of]u x'g] eP tfklg tL ;lhn} cy{ v'Ng] lsl;dsf] x'g'k5{ . ;'Gb/, :jR5 o'usf] rfxgf ub}{ n]lvPsf] k|:t't ;]/df b'¿x zAbrogn] ubf{ efiffut c:ki6tf b]lvG5 . o:tf /rgfx¿n] ;]/df x'g'kg]{ sf]dntf, >'ltdw'/tf h:tf u'0fsf] xTof ub{5g\ . ;/n zAbsf] rog u/]/ uhnnfO{ ;'Gb/, cfsif{s agfpg ;lsg] ePsfn] ‘;/ntfÚ uhnsf nflu cfjZos tŒj xf] .

12 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

#=%= ;+/rgf uhn d'VotM efiffsf dfWodaf6 ;ËLtsf] ;xof]udf cleJoQm x'g] /rgf xf] . uhn lglZrt ;+/rgfdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 . uhnnfO{ cGo ;flxlTos ljwfeGbf cnu dflgPsf] sf/0f klg o;sf] lglZrt ;+/rgf eP/ xf] . uhnsf] ;+/rgfdf e"ldsf v]Ng] cyf{t\ uhnsf ;+/rgfut tŒjx¿ cGtu{t ;]/, sflkmof, /lbkm / tvNn'; kb{5g\ . #=%=!= ;]/

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‘;]/Ú c/aL efiffsf] k'lnËL zAb xf] / o;sf] zflAbs cy{ ‘skfnÚ tyf ‘:jf:gLdflg;Ú eGg] x'G5 o; egfOn] :jf:gLdflg;sf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ ‘s]zÚ clgjfo{ ePh:t} uhnsf] efj, ;f}Gbo{sf] cleJolQmsf nflu ‘;]/Ú cfjZos x'G5 eGg] s'/f] k'li6 x'G5 . Pp6} no jf 5Gbdf afFlwPsf b'O{ kª\lQmsf] of]uaf6 ;]/ lgdf{0f x'G5 / o;df lglZrt k|sf/sf] cg'k|f;sf] Joj:yf x'G5 . ;]/sf kª\lQmnfO{ ‘ld;/fÚ elgG5 . ;]/sf] klxnf] kª\lQmnfO{ ‘ld;/f P pnfÚ / bf];|f] kª\lQmnfO{ ‘ld;/f P ;fgLÚ elgG5 . ;]/sf] klxnf] kª\lQm jf ld;/fn] s'g} tYo jf ;d:ofnfO{ k|:t't ub{5 eg] bf];|f] kª\lQmn] To;nfO{ lg¿k0f;lxt k'li6 ub{5 . uhnsf ;]/x¿ cfkm}+df k"0f{ x'g] ePsfn] cnu–cnu ;]/df cnu cnu efj klg cfpg ;S5g\ . Pp6f uhnsf ;du| ;]/x¿df Pp6} ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt ePdf To:tf uhnnfO{ d';n;nuhn / cnucnu ljifoj:t'x¿ cfPsf] v08df To:tf uhnnfO{ u}/d';n;n uhn elgG5 . u}/d';n;n uhneGbf Pp6} efj jf ljrf/nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] vfnsf cyf{t d';n;n uhn g} a9L ;kmn b]lvG5g\ . #=%=@= dtnf ‘dtnfÚ jf ‘dTnfÚ jf ‘dtncÚ c/aL efiffsf] k'lnËL zAb xf] . o;sf] zflAbs cy{ ‘pboÚ x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ ‘;'? x'g'Ú jf ‘lgSng'Ú eGg] klg x'G5 . uhnsf] ;'?jft o;} ;]/af6 x'g] ePsfn] uhnsf] klxnf] ;]/nfO{ ‘dtnfÚ elgPsf] xf] . dtnfn] g} uhnsf] k"/f ¿knfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{ ub{5 / ;f/f uhnsf] efjbzf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 . uhndf k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 13

k|foM Pp6fdfq dtnf x'g] ub{5 . PseGbf a9L dtnf cfPsf] v08df klxnf] dtnfnfO{ ‘dtnf–P–pnfÚ / cGo dtnfx¿nfO{ ‘dtnf–P– ;fgLÚ elgG5 . dtnfdf cfPsf b'a} ld;/f sflkmof / /lbkmn] o'Qm x'G5g\ . dtnfdf uhnsf] d'Vo :j/ d'vl/t x'g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ k|f/Des / lgb]{zs ;]/ dflgG5 . #=%=#= dstf

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‘dstfÚ zAbsf] cy{ ‘sfl6Psf] Ú eGg] x'G5 . uhndf o;n] /rgf ;lsPsf] ;ª\s]t u5{ . o; egfOn] uhnsf] clGtd ;]/ g} dstf x'g] s'/f] k'li6 x'G5 . uhnsf] clGtd ;]/ Hofb} dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . o; ;]/df uhnsf/n] lgtfGt JolQmut s'/f] eg]sf] x'G5 . JolQmut ljj/0f x'g] ePsfn] dstfdf efj k|sfzsf] Ifdtf r/d ¿kdf x'g] / of] g} uhnsf] ;j{>]i7 ;]/ x'g] s'/f] /f]lxtfZj c:yfgfn] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] ‘dstfÚ df k|foM n]vssf] pkgfd jf tvNn'; x'g] t/ tvNn'; x'g} kg]{ s'g} h?/L gePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . tvNn';sf] k|of]u ubf{ ;fy{s / ;flek|fo 9ª\uaf6 ul/g'k5{ cGoyf uhnsf] ;'Gb/tfdf cfFr cfpg] x'G5 . clGtd ;]/ cToGt efjk"0f{ eO{ sljn] cToGt j}olQms ;Gbe{nfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] 5 / To;df pkgfd jf tvNn';sf] k|of]u klg ePsf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ dstf :jLsfg'{ k5{ cGoyf tvNn'; eP/} klg pQm clGtd ;]/ efj k|If]k0fsf ;Gbe{df sdhf]/ 5 eg] jf j}olQms ;Gbe{ 5}g eg] pQm k|of]unfO{ ck"0f{ dstf dfGg'k5{ / pkgfdsf] k|of]u 5}g eg] To;nfO{ klg sdhf]/L g} dfGg'k5{ . o;af6 ‘tvNn';’k|of]u x'g] lalQs} Tof] ;]/ dstf x'g g;Sg], j}olQms ;Gbe{ / tvNn'; b'j}sf] k|of]u ePsf] clGtd ;]/dfq dstf x'g] s'/f k'li6 x'G5 . #=%=$= dWoefu uhnsf] dtnfeGbf tnlt/ dstfdfly /x]sf cGo ;]/x¿nfO{ dWoefu cGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 . dtnf efu kl/rofTds x'g] / dstf cToGt j}olQms x'g] ePsfn] uhnsf] dWoefun] g} ljljw ljifoj:t'nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ u5{ . o;y{ uhnsf] dWoefunfO{ z/L/ klg elgPsf] kfOG5 . dtnf 14 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

uhnsf] kl/rofTds ;]/ x'g] ePsfn] / of] uhnsf] klxnf] ;]/ -b'Oc { f]6f dtnf cfPsf] eP klxnf] / bf];f| ] ;]/_ x'g] ePsfn] dtnfnfO{ uhnsf] lz/ / dtnfeGbf d'lg / dstfeGbf dfly cfPsf ;]/x¿nfO{ uhnsf] dWoefu jf z/L/ elgPsf] xf] . o; efudf ePsf ;]/x¿sf klxnf] kª\lQmx¿ jf ld;/f ;fdfGotM cg'kf| ;d'Qm x'G5g\ eg] bf];f| kª\lQmx¿ jf ld;/fx¿ cGTofg'kf| ; jf sflkmofsfb[li6n] dtnfsf kª\lQmx¿;Fu ;Da4 x'G5g\ . dtnfdf k|of]u ePsf] 5Gb jf no dWoefusf ;]/x¿df klg x'g' clgjfo{ dflgG5 . dtnf / dstf efusf ;]/x¿h:t} o; efusf ;]/x¿klg cfkm}d+ f k"0f{ x'g' h?/L x'G5 . klxnf] kª\lQmn] s'g} ljifonfO{ p7fP/ sf}tx" n l;h{gf ug]{ / bf];f| ] kª\lQmn] rflxF ;f] lh1f;fnfO{ ;fDo kfg]{ sfd u5{g\ . uhndf k|oQ ' m ;a} ;]/x¿ plQs} ;zQm / lrQfsif{s gx'g ;S5g\ .

#=%=%= sflkmof

w .k h

‘sflkmofÚ c/aL efiffsf] k'lnËL zAb xf] . o;sf] zflAbs cy{ x'G5– ‘kl5kl5 lxF8\g]Ú jf ‘a/fa/ cfpg]Ú . uhndf o;sf] cy{ ‘cg'k|f;Ú jf ‘t'sÚ x'G5 . sflkmofsf] k|of]u vf;vf; ld;/fsf] cGTodf jf /lbkmeGbf cl3lt/ ul/G5 . /lbkm k|of]u ePsf cj:yfdf sflkmofn] /lbkmeGbf cl3 cfpg] cg'k|f;o'Qm zAbnfO{ a'emfpg] u5{ . /lbkm k|of]u gePsf cj:yfdf sflkmof vf;vf; ld;/fsf] cGTodf cfpg] x'G5 . x/]s uhnsf dtnfsf b'j} ld;/fx¿df / cGo ;]/x¿sf bf];|f–bf];|f kª\lQmx¿ cyf{t\ ‘ld;/f–P– ;fgLÚ df o;sf] k|of]u x'G5 . sflkmofn] uhndf Pp6f lglZrt ;+/rgf k|bfg u5{ . dtnfsf b'a} kª\lQmdf / cGo ;]/sf bf];|f ld;/f cyf{t\ ‘ld;/f–P–;fgL’df o;sf] k|of]u x'g] ePsfn] ‘sflkmofÚ nfO{ uhnsf] clgjfo{ tŒj dflgG5 . #=%=^= /lbkm ‘/lbkm’c/aL efiffsf] :qLlnËL zAb xf] / o;sf] zflAbs cy{ ‘kl5kl5 lxF8\g]Ú x'G5 eg] uhnsf ;Gbe{df o;sf] cy{ sflkmofsf kl5 cfpg] zAb jf zAb;d"x eGg] x'G5 . dtnfsf b'j} ld;/fdf / cGo ;]/x¿sf ld;/f P–;fgLdf k|of]u x'g] pxL kb, kbfjnL cIf/ jf cIf/ k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 15

;d"xnfO{ /lbkm elgG5 . ‘/lbkmÚ uhnsf nflu clgjfo{ tŒj xf]Og tyflk o;sf] dxŒjnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsGg . /lbkmn] uhnnfO{ ;+uLtfTds agfpg Hofb} 7"nf] e"ldsf axg u5{ . /lbkm k|of]u ul/Psf] uhnnfO{ d'/2km / gul/Psf] uhnnfO{ u}/d'/2km elgG5 . /lbkmsf] k|of]u uhndf clgjfo{ gePsfn] o;nfO{ uhnsf] P]lR5s tŒj dfGg' pko'Qm x'G5 . #=%=&= tvNn';

w .k h

‘tvNn';Ú c/aL efiffsf] k'lnËL zAb xf] . o;sf] cy{ ;fo/ jf sljn] cfˆgf] sljtfdf n]Vg] gfd jf pkgfd eGg] x'G5 . sljtf jf uhndf tvNn'; k|of]u ugf{sf] sf/0f sljn] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg' xf] eg] cfˆgf] n]vg sf}zntf b;f{pg' klg xf] . uhndf sljn] ;xL cy{ cfpg] u/L, sltko 7fpFdf bf]xf]/f] cy{ lbg] u/L tvNn';sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|foM tvNn';sf] k|of]u uhnsf] clGtd ;]/df ul/G5 . cGo ;]/df klg P]lR5s ¿kdf pkgfd /fVg] k|rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . sljtfdf tvNn'; k|of]u u/]/ cfˆgf] k|ltef b]vfpg] sfd ‘sl;bfÚ sf k|frLg n]vsx¿n] g} klg u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] dWoo'usf] cGTob]lv o; k|sf/sf] k|of]unfO{ ‘tvNn';Ú eGg yflnPsf] kfOG5 . ‘tvNn';Ú uhnsf] nflu clgjfo{ geP tfklg o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]un] uhnnfO{ lrQfsif{s / >'ltdw'/ agfpg] x'G5 . #=^= ;ª\uLt

uLtsf nflu h:t} uhnsf nflu klg ;ËLt cTofjZos / clgjfo{ tŒj xf] . slj :jod\n] ufosL z}nLdf uhn eGg] u/]sf] tyf k|Voft ufosx¿n] uhnnfO{ jfBoGq;lxt ufpg] u/]sf / clxn] klg o:tf] k|rng Jofks ¿kdf /x]sfn] uhnsf] nflu ;ËLt clgjfo{ tŒj /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 . uhnnfO{ u]ofTds agfpgsf lglDt o;df k|o'Qm no, 5Gb, cg'k|f; cflbsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . #=^=!= no uhn d"ntM ufog;Fu ;Da4 ljwf ePsfn] o;df nosf] k|of]u cTofjZos dflgG5 . no b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\–dflqs no / cfIfl/s no . uhnsf x/]s kª\lQmdf x|:j bL3{sf] qmd ldn]sf] tyf dfqfsf] 16 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;ª\Vof lglZrt ePsf] nonfO{ dflqs no elgG5 . cr]n k|foM g]kfnL uhndf cfIfl/s nosf] k|of]u a9L x'g yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnLdf uhn n]lvg yfn]sf] Ps ztfAbLeGbf w]/} eO;s]sfn] o;df ljleGg lsl;dsf nosf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL uhndf a9L k|of]u x'g] no b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . tL x'g\M nf]sno / cfIfl/s no . #=^=@= 5Gb

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uhndf clgjfo{ ¿kdf s'g} g s'g} 5Gb k|of]u x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf klg kfOG5 . h'g efiffdf uhn n]lvG5, To; efiffdf k|of]u x'g] 5Gb klg uhndf k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnLdf n]lvPsf uhndf ;+:s[tsf sltko 5Gbsf ;fy} nf]s5Gb, c/aL tyf kmf/;L / pb"{df k|rlnt 5Gbx¿sf] k|of]u klg ePsf] b]lvG5 . cr]n pb"{ tyf kmf/;L 5GbeGbf ;+:s[tsf jfl0f{s tyf dflqs 5Gbx¿ k|of]u u/]/ uhn n]Vg] k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; x'Fb} hfg'n] klg 5Gb uhnsf] lglDt cfjZos tŒj xf] eGg] k'li6 x'G5 . ;+:s[t–lkËnzf:qcg';f/ jfl0f{s tyf dflqs 5Gbdf n3' -i_ / u'? -S_ sf] d]naf6 ag]sf o, d, t, /, h, e, g, ; u/L cf7 cf]6f u'0fx¿ x'G5g\ . log} u0fåf/f 5Gbsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . jfl0f{s 5Gbdf tLg cIf/sf] Pp6f u0f x'G5 . pb"{–lkËnzf:qdf o:tf u0fx¿nfO{ ?Sg elgG5 . ?Sgdf x|:jnfO{ ! / bL3{nfO{ @ n] ;ª\s]t ul/G5 . kmf/;L 5Gbdf s]xL d"n ?Sgx¿ 5g\ eg] s]xLrflxF ldl>t ?Sgx¿ 5g\ . lkËn 5Gbdf h:t} kmf/;Lsf klg d"n ?Sgx¿ cf7 cf]6f 5g\ . kmf/;L tyf pb{"df k|rlnt oL cf7 ?Sgx¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\— != kmpmn'g\ !@@ @= kmfOn'g\ @!@ #= dkmf{On'g\ !@@@ $= kmfOnft'g\ @!@@ %= d':tkmf‍On'g @@!@ ^= d'tkmfOn'g\ !!@!@ &= dkmfOnt'g\ !@!!@ *= dkmpmnft\ !@@ k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 17

pko{'lNnlvt oL / o:t} ?Sgx¿-csf{g_ n] ldn]/ kmf/;L-pb{"_ df ax/sf] lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . uhndf k|rlnt s]xL k|d'v ax/x¿ / ltgdf k|o'Qm s]xL ?Sgx¿nfO{ df]tL/fd e§åf/f lnlvt s]xL uhnsf k+lQmx¿sf] pbx/0f;lxt oxfF k|:t't ul/G5M -!_ xhh — dkmfO{n'g\ X $, h:t}M otf

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-$_ d'tsfl/a — kmcn'g\ ;fg} pd]/b{lv

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$= uhnM k|f/De / k/Dk/f uhnsf] pTklQ ljifodf b'O{ lsl;dsf dtx¿ k|rlnt 5g\ . Psyl/ ljåfg\ uhn c/aL zAb eP klg o;sf] n]vg kmf/;Ldf k|f/De ePsf] atfpF5g\ . csf{yl/ ljåfg\rflxF uhnn]vgsf] k|f/De klg c/aaf6} ePsf] / kmf/;L efiffdf k|j]z u/]kl5 o;n] cem Jofkstf kfPsf] rrf{ ub{5g\ . c/aL wtL{df uhn n]vg slxn]af6 eof] eGg] ljifodf 7\ofSs} ;do eGg ;lsFb}g . c/adf kfFrf}÷5}7f}+ ztfAbLlt/ klg dgf]/~hg k|]duLtx¿ ufOg yfn]sf / o:tf uLtx¿nfO{ uhn eGg] ul/Psf] 18 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kfOPsfn] uhnn]vgsf] cf/De ;ftf}F ztfAbLk"j{ g} ePsf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . c/aL sljx¿ x]hfh / hldnn] uhndf zf:qLo ;f/j:t';lxtsf] kl/isf/ u/]sf / kl5 logsf uhnsf] cg's/0f 6s]{nL, kmf/;L / pb"{df ul/Psf] eGg] s'/fsf] rrf{n] ;ftf}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/fw{;Dd cfOk'Ubf uhnn]vg lgs} ljsl;t eO;s]sf] s'/f] k'li6 x'G5 . uhn n]vgsf] ljsf; k|frLg c/adf k|rlnt ;flxlTos ljwf ‘sl;bfÚ sf] ‘t:aLaÚ -k|:tfjgf efu_ af6 ePsf] dflgG5 . sl;bfsf] Tof] t:aLa c+z kl5 sl;bfaf6 cnu eP/ uhnsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] xf] .

gjf}+ ztfAbLaf6 c/aL ;flxTo kl/isf/jfbL o'udf k|j]z u/]kl5 uhnljwfdf snd rnfpg] sljx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . k|frLg c/aL uhnsf/x¿df ca' g'af;, cn d'tfgjL, sbfdf / OAg /l;s cflb k|d'v dflgG5g\ . k|frLg c/aL uhndf k|]dnfO{ d"n ljifoj:t' agfOg] rng lyof] . To;tfssf uhnx¿df ljof]ufGt efj / sfNklgs ljifoj:t'n] klg k|>o kfPsf] b]lvG5 .

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kmf/;Ldf uhnn]vgsf] Oltxf; cfw'lgs kmf/;L efiffsf] :yfkgfkl5 ePsf] dflgG5 . O/fgn] ;;flgb j+zsf clGtd ;d|f6\ ofHof{b t];f| ] -^#$–^%@_ sf] ;dodf d';ndfgL cfqmd0fsf sf/0f O:nfd wd{nfO{ cFufn]kl5 dWosfnLg kmf/;L efiff cfw'lgs kmf/;Lefiffdf ljsl;t ePsf] dflgG5. c/aaf6 O/fg k'us ] f] sfJoljwf sl;bfaf6 t:aLa efu cnUofP/ kmf/;Lx¿n] uhnljwfsf] hGd lbPsf x'g\ eGg] dt klg w]/n } ] :jLsfg'n { ] klg O/fgdf uhnn]vgsf] Oltxf; lgs} nfdf] /x]sf] yfxf x'G5 . kmf/;Ldf zf:qLo ¿ksf] uhn–n]vgsf] cf/De ;j{ky | d ?bsLn] u/]sf x'g\ eGg] egfO 5 . pgL kl5 xflkmh ;fbL, hfdL, ?dL, lghfdL, cQ/ tyf O/fsL cflbn] uhnnfO{ kmnfpg], k'mnfpg] sfd u/] . b;f}F ztfAbLb]lv kmf/;L efiffdf cem k|z:t uhn /rgf ePsf] kfOG5 . t]xf| F} ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{bl] v rf}wf}F ztfAbLsf] k"jf{w; { Ddsf] ;donfO{ kmf/;L uhnsf] :j0f{ou' dflgPsf] 5 . P3f/f}F ztfAbLb]lv ef/tdf a;L kmf/;L uhn n]Vg] sljx¿ klg b]vf k/] . o:tf] z}nLsf uhn n]Vg]x¿df cld/ v';/f], afaf kmufgL, pkmL{, k]mhL, uhnL, gflh/L, hfx'/L cflb dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ . k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 19

lxGbLdf uhnn]vgsf] yfngL t]x|f}F ztfAbLb]lv ePsf] dflgG5 . cld/ v';/f] lxGbLsf klxnf] uhnsf/ x'g\ eGg] s'/f /f]lxtfZj c:yfgfn] atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] ;j{k|yd kmf/;L / lxGbLsf] ;lDd>0faf6 uhnsf] z'?jft\ o;/L u/]sf lyP– gxfn d}s ;dsg tufk'mn b/fo] g}gf agfo] altof, lstfa lxh|f g bfl/d o] hfg n]x'sf x} nufo] 5ltof . .

cld/ v';/f]kl5 lxGbL efiffdf uhn n]Vg] bf];|f slj x'g\ sjL/ bf; . sjL/ bf;n] ef/tLo efiffx¿dWo] ;w'Ss8L jf ;Gtefiffdf ;j{k|yd uhn n]v]sf lyP . pgsf] Pp6f uhnsf] ;]/ oxfF k|:t't ul/G5–

saL/f OZssf dftf b'O{sf] b"/s/ lbn ;], hf] rngf /fx gfh's x} xdg l;/ af]em ef/L Sof <

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oxL ;w'Ss8Lefiff kl5 uP/ v8L af]nLsf ¿kdf ljsl;t eof] . v8L af]nL kl5 uP/ zfxhxfFsf kfnfdf cfP/ v8L af]nLsf] k|f/lDes ¿k lxGbL / pb"{sf] dfgsLs/0f z'? eof] . lxGbL uhnn]vg sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] sfddf ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|sf] klg 7"nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ‘/;fÚ pkgfd /fv]/ uhn n]v]sf xl/ZrGb|sf uhnx¿ ‘ef/t]Gb' u|GyfjnL b";/f efuÚ df ;Ílnt 5g\ . pgsf uhnx¿df z[Ëfl/s / elQmefj kfOG5g\ . o;}u/L lxGbLsf cGo rlr{t uhnsf/x¿df ;"o{sfGt lqkf7L ‘lg/fnfÚ, zd;]/axfb'/ l;+x, b'ioGt s'df/, s'Fc/ a]r}g, rGb|;]g ‘lj/f6Ú, hxL/ s'/]zL, 8f= g/]z, 1fgk|;fb cflb kb{5g\ . pb"{df ;j{k|yd ;'Ntfg s'nL s't'a zfxn] lbjfg k|sflzt u/]sf] s'/f ljåfg\x¿n] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . /f]lxtfZj c:yfgfn] pb"{ uhnsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ rf/ r/0fdf k|:t't ub}{ k|f/lDes r/0fsf uhnsf/x¿df anL, l;/fh, kmfOh, dhd'g, uflna, df]ldgn] uhn k/Dk/fnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . lkm/fs uf]/vk'/Ln] k|f/lDes r/0fsf pb"{ ;fo/ ld/ tfls ld/nfO{ pb"{ uhnsf lktf dfg]sf 5g\ . dfWoflds sfnsf ;f}bf, bb{, x;g, gh/, csa/fafbLn] pb"{ uhnfO{ r/df]Tsif{df 20 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

k'¥ofPsf lyP . o;} ;dosf ldhf{ c;b'Nnfx vfF‘uflnaÚ n] pb"{ uhndf gofF cfofd yKg] sfd u/]+ . sf?0f /;sf] k|of]u w]/} kfOg] pgsf uhnx¿df sNkgf, lg/fzf, cg'e"ltsf] tLj| ljGof;, ;'kmL /x:ojfbsf] emNsf], tuHh'nsf] uf9f /Ë / tf;L/sf] cb\e't hfb"u/L kfOG5, h:tf]M xhf/f]+ Vjflxz]+ P];L ls x/ Vjflxz k] bd lgsn], ax't lgsn] d]/] c/dfg, n]lsg lkm/ eL sd lgsn] . lgsngf v'Nb ;] cfbdsf ;'gt] cfP x} n]lsg ax't a]–cfa? xf]s/ t]/] s"r] ;] xd lgsn] .

cfw'lgs sfnsf pb"{ uhnsf ;zQm ;fo/x¿df df}nfgf d'xDdb x';]g ‘cfhfbÚ, df}nfgf cnjfkm x';}g ‘xfnLÚ, csa/ OnfxfafbL, 8f= Osafn, lkm/fs uf]/vk'/L, km}h cflb k|d'v dflgG5g\ . xfnL, lhu/ d'/f/fafbL, km}h cxdb km}hn] t pb"{ uhnnfO{ gofF cfw'lgs kl/k|]Io;Fu hf]8]/ uhndf gjqmflGtsf] cfFlwa]x/L g} leœofPsf 5g\ .

w .k h

o;/L c/aL ;flxTodf 6';f] knfO{ pb"{, lxGbL, kmf/;L efiffdf ;zQm ¿kdf df}nfPsf] uhn ljwfn] cGo ef/tLo efiffx¿ k~hfaL, d/f7L, ef]hk'/L, cawL cflbdf ;d]t ulx/f] k|efj 5f]8\g ;kmn ePsf] 5 . kmf/;L pb"{sf] k|efj / ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|sf] k|]/0ffaf6 df]tL/fd e§n] g]kfnL efiffdf klg uhn n]vg k|f/De u/] .

%= g]kfnL uhnM k|f/De / ljsf; %=!= g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k[i7e"ld

kmf/;L / pb"{ ;flxTodf nfdf] Oltxf; sfod u/]sf] uhn ljwfn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf k|j]z kfpg nfdf] ;do k|tLIff ug'{k¥of] . g]kfnLdf uhn n]vgsf] k|f/De df]tL/fd e§af6 ePsf] xf] . df]tL/fd e§k"j{ g} klg uhn n]lvPsf] eGg] s;} s;}n] rrf{ u/]tf klg To;sf] 7f]; k|df0f cBfjlw k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . tTsfnLg ;dodf 1fgfh{g x]t' agf/; hfg] k|rng ePsfn] df]tL/fd e§ klg ;fg} pd]/b]lv lktf bof/fd k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 21

e§;Fu lj=;+=!(@* df agf/; uPsf lyP . agf/; a;fOsf] cjlwdf pgn] kmf/;L tyf lxGbL efiffsf ;fy} pb"{ efiffsf] ;d]t /fd|/L cWoog ug]{ df}sf kfP . pgn] pb"{, lxGbL tyf kmf/;L efiffdf ;d]t cWoog ug]{ df}sf kfP . pgn] pb"{, lxGbL tyf kmf/;L efiffdf ;d]t ;fo/L tyf gf6s n]Vg yfn] . g]kfnL uhn n]Vg' k5fl8sf] sf/0frflxF pgsf] g]kfnL efiffk|ltsf] cufw k|]d g} ePsf] yfxf x'G5 . tTsfnLg ef/tsf rlr{t /LltjfbL slj ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|;Fu pgsf] 3lgi7 ;DaGw /x]sf] hfgsf/L kfOg'n] pgs} k|]/0ffn] df]tL/fd e§n] g]kfnL uhn n]vg ofqf k|f/De u/]sf x'g\ .

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g]kfnL efiffdf uhn n]lvg'sf kl5 tTsfnLg /fhgLlts k[i7e"ld klg sf/s tŒjsf ¿kdf /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 . To;tfssf ;'/f–;'Gb/Ldf d:t x'g] b/afl/of zf;sx¿ :t'lt / k|z; + fsf ef]sf lyP . hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] lj=;+=!()# sf] sf]tkj{kl5 zf;g;Qf, cfˆgf] xftdf lnPkl5 b/af/df kmf/;L tyf pb"{ ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj a9\b} uof] . ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFaf6 lemsfOPsf ufos, jfbs / gt{sx¿ pb"s { f uLt, uhn ufP/ b/afl/ofx¿nfO{ dgf]/~hg lbnfpg] uy]{ . df]tL/fd e§sf] b/afl/of /fhfx¿;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw /x]sf] / /fhfx¿ pgsf k|z; + s /x]sf] s'/f tfgf zdf{n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL efiffk|lt df]tLsf] ulx/f] nufj / b/afl/of jftfj/0f klg uLt–uhn / ;'/f ;'Gb/Lsf] gzfdf r'nD{' d 8'as ] fn] g]kfnL efiffdf uhn n]Vbf pgsf] cfTd;Gt'li6 x'g] ;fy} cfTd ;Ddfg klg cem a9\g] ePsfn] pgn] g]kfnL uhn ofqf k|f/De u/]sf x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 . lg/ª\sz ' /f0ffzf;gsf ;dodf z[ªu\ f/afx]s cGo ljifodf snd rnfpFbf n]vsx¿n] kL8f, ;f:tL ef]Ug' kYof]{ . ct M /fhfx¿sf] jqmb[li6af6 aRg n]vsx¿n] z[ªu\ f/ tyf elQmwf/fdf snd rnfpg afWo x'gk' Yof]{ . g]kfnL uhn klg oxL z[ªu\ fl/s k[i7e"ldd} hlGdPsf] xf] . o;/L df]tL/fd e§sf] agf/;–af;, ToxfF pgsf] kmf/;L / pb"{ ;flxTosf] cWoog clg ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|;Fusf] ;Dks{ tyf g]kfnsf] b/afl/of jftfj/0f klg g]kfnL uhnn]vg k|f/De x'g'sf] sf/s–tŒj /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 . 22 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

%=@= g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k|f/De

g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k|f/De slxn]af6 eof] eGg] ljifodf ljåfg\ x¿aLr dte]b kfOG5 . lzj /]UdLn] lj=;=!(#* df df]tL/fd bf];|f] k6s agf/; uPkl5 ToxfF pgsf] ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|;Fu e]6 ePsf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;d:ofk"lt{sf] k|rng ef/t]Gb' xl/ZrGb|sf] k|]/0ff / k|efjaf6 pgn] l;s]sf] s'/f w]/}n] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\ . df]tL/fd e§n] sljtfn]vg k|f/De ;d:of k"lt{af6 ug'{k5{ eGg] pNn]v u/]af6 pgn] uhnn]vgsf] yfngL lj=;++= !(#* kl5 g} u/] xf]nfg\ eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;} ;dodf agf/;df kb\dljnf; kGt, sfzLgfy, /Ëgfy, r]tl;+x, t]haxfb'/ /fgf ;lDdlnt ldqd08nL u7g ePsf] / o;};dob]lv z[ª\uf//;df ;d:ofk"lt{ cleofg df]tL/fd e§n] rnfPsf] s'/f xl/eQm g]pkfg]n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . o; s'/fn] klg g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k|f/De lj=;++= !(#* kl5 g} ePsf] k'li6 x'G5 .

w .k h

g]kfnLdf lj=;+= !($) af6 df]tL/fd e§åf/f uhnn]vg k|f/De ePsf] s'/f w]/}n] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . !(#* kl5 df]tL/fdsf] e]6 ef/t]Gb';Fu ePsf] v'nf;f eP klg !($) af6} pgn] uhn n]Vg yfn]sf x'g\ eGg] k|df0f sxL+ st} e]l6Psf] 5}g . ToxfF ePsf ldqd08nLn] uhn /rgf gu/]sf] / lj=;+= !($$ df df]tL/fd sf7df8f}F cfO{ df]tLd08nL :yfkgf u/]sf clg d08nLsf ;b:ox¿n] klg uhn n]v]sf] kfOg'n] g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k|f/De !($$ b]lv x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . xl/eQm gjkfgLon] ‘;ËLtrGb|f]boÚ cGtu{tsf uhnsf] /rgf ;do !($%–%% lbPsf 5g\ . pko'{Qm dtx¿nfO{ s]nfpFbf g]kfnL uhn n]vgsf] cf/De 7\ofSs} oxL ;dob]lv g} ePsf] xf] eGg ;lsg] 7f]; cfwf/ k|fKt geP tfklg w]/} ;dLIfsx¿n] lj=;+= !($) nfO{ g} g]kfnL uhnsf] k|f/De sfn dfg]sfn] oxfF klg lj=;+= !($) nfO{ g]kfnL uhnsf] k|fylds sfn dfgL g]kfnL uhn k/Dk/fsf] cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 23

%=#= g]kfnL uhn n]vgsf] ljsf;qmd

g]kfnL uhnsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ cWoog ug]{ qmddf ul/Psf] sfnljefhgdf klg ;a}sf] Psdt kfOFb}g . b'a;' If]qLn] k|fylds sfn -!($)–!((@_, dfWolds sfn -!((#–@)#%_ / cfw'lgs sfn -@)#^ b]lv xfn;Dd_ u/L tLg v08df g]kfnL uhnsf] sfnljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . nlnhg /fjnn] g]kfnL uhnnfO{ b'O{ sfnv08df ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . -s_ k|fylds sfn -lj=;+= !($)–!((^_ -v_ k'ghf{u/0f sfn -lj=;+= @)$) b]lv xfn;Dd_ pgsf] o; sfn ljefhgdf !((& b]lv @)$) aLrsf] ;donfO{ 5f]l8Psf] 5 . ;gts'df/ j:tLn] ‘;a]/} cfPFÚ zLif{s l;h{gfTds zf]wkqdf df]tL/fd e§b]lv pk]Gb|axfb'/ ‘lhu/’;Dd k|fyldssfn / 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nb]lv cfw'lgssfn egL g]kfnL uhnnfO{ b'O{ sfnv08df afF8]sf 5g\ .

w .k h

o;/L ljleGg ljåfg\x¿n] g]kfnL uhn k/Dk/fnfO{ ljleGg r/0fdf afF8L cWoog u/]sf 5g\ . df]tL/fd e§b]lv 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nk"j{sf] ;dodf nfdf] cGt/fn eP klg o;aLrsf uhndf k|j[lQut ;dfgtf kof{Kt e]l6G5 . @)#^ ;fndf 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nsf] cfudg ePkl5 g]kfnL uhnn] leGg k|j[lQ kfPsf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ oxfF g]kfnL uhnn]vgsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ klxnf] r/0f -lj=;+= !($)– @)#%_ bf];|f] r/0f -lj=;+= @)#^–xfn;Dd_ u/L b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .

%=#=!= g]kfnL uhnsf] klxnf] r/0f

lj=;+= !($)df df]tL/fd e§åf/f g]kfnL ;flxTodf leœofOPsf] z[ª\ufl/s wf/f;Fu} g]kfnL uhnn]vg k/Dk/fsf] klg z'?jft ePsf] dflgG5 . df]tL/fd e§åf/f k|f/De ePsf] uhn nIdLbQ kGt ‘OGb'Ú, uf]kLgfy nf]xgL ‘gfyÚ, g/b]j kf08] ‘;'wfÚ, zDe'k|;fb 9'ª\u]n ‘zDe'Ú x'Fb} cl3 a9]sf] kfOG5 . o;} qmddf eLdlglw ltjf/L;Dd cfOk'Ubf g]kfnL uhn cem ;zQm ¿kdf df}nfpFb} cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . pk]Gb|axfb'/ lhu/;Dd cfOk'Ubf t emg\ g]kfnL uhn lgs} eFmfluPsf] b]lvG5 . log} 24 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

pk]Gb|axfb'/ ‘lhu/’klxnf] r/0fsf uhnsf/x¿dWo] clGtd k|efjzfnL uhnsf/sf ¿kdf lrlgPsf 5g\ .

pk]Gb|axfb'/ ‘lhu/Ú kl5 lgs} ;':tfPsf] g]kfnL uhnn] k"0f{ lj>fd eg] lnPsf] b]lvFb}g . uhn ljwfd} snd grnfP klg cGo ;flxTosf/n] kmf§k'm§ uhn /rgf ug{ rflxF 5f]8]sf 5}gg\ . k"0f{ ¿kdf uhnd} ;dlk{t geP klg cGo ljwfdf snd rnfpg] qmddf kmf§k'm§ uhn n]Vg] cGo ;flxTosf/x¿df df]tLnfn >]i7, jL/]Gb|s]z/L cof{n, e'jgk|;fb 9'Ëfgf, lu/LzjNne hf]zL, gfgsk|;fb ld>, afnfk|;fb zdf{, P= P;= k7fg, s]bf/zD;]/ yfkf, kxndfgl;+x :jfF/, n]vgfy kf}8\ofn, /fdk|;fb ;Tofn, tLy{k|;fb cfrfo{, axfb'/l;+x a/fn, avtaxfb'/ >]i7 ‘hf]lurfÚ, s[i0fk|;fb /]UdL, rGb|gfy zdf{, zDe'gfy pkfWofo, g/axfb'/ ef/tL, gf/fo0feQm dfy]df, rqmkfl0f rfln;], xl/gf/fo0f bfxfn ‘laxfnLÚ, kßgfy kGt, t'n;Ld]x/ >]i7, emk6axfb'/ /f0ff, kf/;dl0f k|wfg, u'?k|;fb d}gfnL, r]tf]gfy zdf{rfo{, s]zjhL /fhsl0f{sf/, u0f]znfn >]i7, afns[i0f ;d, d=aL=la zfx, nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f cflb kb{5g\ .

%=#=@= g]kfnL uhnsf] bf];|f] r/0f

w .k h

df]tL/fd e§åf/f lj=;+= !($) df ;"qkft ePsf] g]kfnL uhnn] 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nsf] -@)#^_ pbo ePkl5 k[ys\ cl:tTj / klxrfg sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . z[ª\ufl/s / elQmefjdf ?dlNnPsf] g]kfnL uhnn] bf];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z u/]kl5 dfgjLo hLjgsf ljljwkIf xfF;f], /f]bg, lrTsf/, ;fdflhs ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultk|lt Joª\Uo, /fhgLlts kl/b[Zo h:tf ljljwljifonfO{ ;d]6\g ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . @)#^ ;fn df3df 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nsf] Pp6f uhn ¿k/]vfdf k|sflzt ePsf] / oxL uhnaf6 g]kfnL uhndf gjLg wf/ / z}nLsf] k|f/De ePsfn] lj=;+= @)#^ nfO{ g]kfnL uhnsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] cf/De laGb' dflgG5 . o; ;donfO{ g]kfnL uhn ;|i6fx¿n] k'ghf{u/0f sfn klg eg]sf 5g\ . bf];|f] r/0fdf uhn n]Vg] uhnsf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof lgs} 7"nf]] b]lvG5 . ;dosf] qmd;Fu} uhnsf] If]q klg lgs} km/flsnf] x'Fb} uPsf] k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 25

b]lvG5 . o; r/0fsf k|d'v uhnsf/x¿df 3gZofd Gof}kfg] kl/>dL, tLy{ >]i7, lbJo lu/L, wg/fh lu/L, w|'j dlwsdL{, ljho jlhdo, ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL cflb x'g\ . 8f= b'a;' If]qL bf];|f] r/0fsf log} uhnsf/x¿sf bf}+t/L x:tfIf/ x'g\ .

^= uhnsf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qL / pgsf] ‘cdn]v dg’

w .k h

lj=;+= @)@# ;fn >fj0f @! ut] emfkfsf] ch{g'wf/f gu/kflnsf, j8f g+ !, dbgk'/df hlGdPsf 8f= b'a;' If]qL -8f= b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL_ ax'd'vL k|ltefn] ;DkGg JolQm x'g\ . ;flxTo tyf s"6gLltsf] If]qdf pgL cem ljz]if b]lvG5g\ eg] ;flxTosf] klg sfJoljwfdf pgsf] klxrfg cem zlQmzfnL b]lvG5 . g]kfnL efiffdf aQL; / cª\u|]hL efiffdf t]x| k':tssf] n]vgsf ;fy} tLg bh{geGbf a9L k':ts tyf klqsf ;Dkfbg ul/;s]sf 8f= b'a;' If]qL clxn] /x/ nfUbf] ‘cdn]v dg’zLif{ssf] s[lt lnP/ xfdL dfem cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf o; cl3 g} b'a;' If]qLsf k|f/lDes uhn, sf]nfh dg, lga{Gw dg / cltl/Qm dg u/L rf/ j6f uhns[ltx¿ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . 8f= If]qLsf r'krfkr'krfk, dh:t} ltdL klg, lgd{d ofbx¿, b"af];/L /x/x¿, ltd|f] t:jL/ cfFvfel/ / d]/} dg 5]p eP/ h:tf uhnsf PNadx¿ ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf 5g\ . ‘cdn]v dg’df pgsf Ps ;o Ps uhnx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

Ps ;o Ps j6f uhn ;Í'ng ul/Psf] o; uhns[ltdf zLif{sn] ;Í]t u/]cg';f/ :jtGqtf / dfgjtfsf] s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 eg] k|s[ltk|]d ;DaGwL tyf b]zelQmsf] efjn] el/k"0f{ s]xL uhnx¿ klg 5g\ . o:tf sYo ljifosf ;fy} k|]d / z[Ëf/ efjsf /rgfx¿sf] k|of]u rflxF o; ;ª\u|xsf /rgfx¿df w]/} ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg ;Dk|bfodf dflg;nfO{ afF8]/ zflGt vNanfPsf] ;Gbe{ klg s]xL uhndf b]Vg ;lsG5 / s]xLdf jfT;No k|]dsf] emNsf] klg b]vf k5{ . b'a;' o; ;ª\u|xleq cdn]v dgs} kIfdf jsfnt / :jtGqtfsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|0fo / z[Ëfl/s efjsf] cleJolQmsf ;Gbe{df 26 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

klg pgn] cfkm"nfO{ d"ntM v'nf / :jtGq 5f]8]sf] kfOG5 eg] ;fdflhs ;Gbe{sf] k|:t'ltdf t emg} :ki6;Fu pgn] :jtGqtfsf] jsfnt u/]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . pgsf ljrf/df :jtGqtf cf/fWo 5 lsgeg] :jtGqtf g} eujfg\ xf] / lhGbuL klg :jtGqtfk"j{s g} afFRg' k5{ . aGwgdf afFlwg', cGwsf/df ljno x'g', ;Gqf;df Ho'g' tyf o'4sf] rk]6fdf kmF:g' xfd|f] rfxgf x'g'x'Gg . xfd|f] rfxgf t dfgjtfjfbL x'g'k5{, d'lQmsf nflu cl3 a9\g] x'g' k5{ / :jfledfgk"j{s afFRg] x'g'k5{ . b'a;'n] n]v]sf 5g\—

:jtGqtf cf/fWo 5, :jtGqtf g} p;sf] eujfg\ d'lQm vf]Hb} lxF8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg . k};fn] lsg]sf] 5 ;do, k};fn] lsg]sf] 5 :jfledfg :jtGq–lga{Gw lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL .

w .k h

dfG5] dfqsf s] s'/f, oxfF k|s[lt klg :jtGq 5}g . hª\‍unn] ljgfz ;xg' k/]sf] 5 . gbLn] aGwg ;xg' k/]sf] 5 of eg"F afFwsf] kL8f vKg' k/]sf] 5 clg lgd{n cfsfzn] klg w'nf], w'jfF tyf cgfjZos k|b"if0f ;xg' k/]sf] 5 . o:t}, ;Eotfn] klg c;EotfnfO{ u|x0f ug{' k/]sf] 5 .

hª\‍un df;]/ zx/, gbL afFw]/ lah'nL k|s[ltnfO{ lj¿k agfof] dfG5]n] . lxGb", af}4, O:nfd, O{;fO{df afF8]/ ;Eotf g} a]t's agfof] dfG5]n] . xl/of] 5}g w/tL, gLnf] 5}g cfsfz v'zL 5}g k|s[lt, ;kmf 5}g atf; .

oL ;a} s'/fsf] ljgfzsf] sf/s dfG5] g} xf] eGg] b'a;'sf] 7x/ 5 / dflg;sf] o:tf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g gcfO{ ;dfh ;ª\‍lnFb}g eGg] dfGotf uhnsf/ b'a;' If]qLsf] /x]sf] 5 . b'a;'n] cfˆgf z[ª\‍ufl/s /rgfdf ;+of]u -of eg"F ;Def]u_z[ª\‍uf/sf] k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 27

k|of]u k|z:t u/]sf 5g\ eg] o:tf sltko /rgfdf t ;'xfu/ftsf] ;Gbe{ bf]xf]l/Psf] klg 5 . o; ;ª\u|xdf ;ª\‍slnt emGg} Ps bh{g uhndf logn] ;+of]u z[ª\‍uf/sf] pTsif{tfnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

lgbfpF5' eGYof}, lgbfpg lbOgF d}n] ltdLnfO{ cfkm}+df afFw]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/ . ltd|f] nfhsf] nfnLn] klg /ftf] ag]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] ufhn ntktntkt, cw/ yy{/wy{/ ePsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] . s]xL k;]h:tf] x'GYof], s]xL a;]h:tf] x'GYof] of}jg lbP/ of}g lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] .

b'a;'n] o:tf /rgfdf /ft tyf ;'xfu/ft b'j} ‘/ftf]’ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . of}g rfxgfnfO{ j;Gt / axf/;Fu t'ngf u/]sf 5g\ . ;f]em} lnË geg]/ s]xL k;]h:tf] eg]sf 5g\ . lkofgf]sf abnf Åbo /]6\g] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ / b'a} hgf klUnPsf] /ftnfO{ nHhfjtL /ft eg]sf 5g\ .

w .k h

z[Ëf/sf] ;Gbe{ gp7fPsf] /rgfdf klg ef}lts k|]dsf] pTsif{ pgn] k|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgn] st} g'xfpFbf tyf n'uf km]bf{ s}of}F k6s lrofP/ x]/]sf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ eg] lgj{:q klN6Fbf klg x]/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . o:t} dfofn'nfO{ rf]nLleq n'sfpm klg pgn] eg]sf] kfOG5 . clg dL7f nfUg] kmnx¿ rfVg yfn]sf] ;Gbe{ klg pgn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . cem eGg] xf] eg] dfofn';Fu l;ª\‍u} /ft ef]u ug{] tyf Pp6f kfk ug{] rfxgf klg JoQm u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] b'a;' cfˆgf /rgfx¿df of}g laDasf] k|of]u ug{ cToGt l;kfn' 5g\ . nfhsf] nfnL, /ftf] /ft, /ftf] ;'xfu/ft, k|xf/, o'4, j;Gt, axf/, r'Das, lkofgf], d}g, ld7f] kmn, a]n'g, 3f]8f, 5'/f, nHhfjtL, dWo /ftsf] dft, cfFwL, tf/f, em/L, af9L, t]n, hd]sf] d}nf] cflb laDax¿n] o;} s'/fnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL uhndf b'a;'n] cfkm}+nfO{ klg ljifo agfPsf] kfOG5 . pgn] ‘slxn] u/La;Fu e]6 x'G5’/ ‘g/f]Psf] s'g} kn lyPg’eGg] uhnx¿df o:tf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . 28 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

slxn] u/La;Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] slj;Fu e]6 x'G5 b'a};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5 . ‘bfp’ /flv/xGYof], ‘efp’ /flv/xGYof] clxn]em}+ ‘b'a;'’ c;n lyPg klxn] .

sYo ljifosf] k|:t'ltsf ;Gbe{df z[ª\‍ uf/sf] k|of]u cTolws ul/Psf] kfOPtfklg b]zdf ePsf] c;dfgtf, u/LaL, afn / jfT;No efjsf pTs[i6 uhnx¿ b'a;'n] l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . snª\‍lst ldqtfnfO{ klg ljifo agfOPsf] 5 . jftfj/0f;DaGwL pTs[i6 uhnx¿ klg o;leq kfOG5g\ . ‘xh'/cfdf;Fu 8'Ng dg k/fpFl5g\ lgxfl/sf’/ ‘s, v, u, 3, k9]/ ;'gfpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL’h:tf afn;'ne efjsf cAan uhnx¿ klg o; ;ª\u|xdf ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

w .k h

uhnsf/ 8f= If]qL cfˆgf uhnx¿df cfGtl/s / afX‍o b'a} agf]6 / a'gf]6 k|lt ;r]t b]lvG5g\ . b'a;' efj, sNkgf, ljDj tyf k|tLssf] k|of]udf ;kmn b]lvG5g\ . k|:t'ltdf ;"qfTdstf / ;/ntf NofpFb} uhndf k|efjsfl/tf kl:sg uhnsf/ If]qL ;an 5g\ . uhnsf afX‍o tTjx¿ ;]/, dtnf, dstf, sflkmof / /lbkmsf] k|of]udf klg uhnsf/ 8f= If]qL ;r]t 5g\ . s]xL uhnx¿df b'a;'n] ‘tvNn';’sf] klg ;':jfb' k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} s'g} uhndf ‘sflkmof’sf] k|of]udf pgaf6 sdhf]/L ePsf] klg kfOG5 . pgsf s]xL uhnn] uhnsf] ;Ldf gfl3lb+bf tL uhnx¿ sqdf ju{df kg{] k|sf/sf /rgfx¿ klg ePsf 5g\ .

;ª\‍ux| sf] k|f/De / cGTodf ePsf /rgf cdn]v dgsf] rrf{ u/]/ pgn] zLif{ssf] ;fy{stfnfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] cGo /rgfdf ePsf] :jtGq k|:t'ltn] klg zLif{snfO{ ;fy{stf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u eg] u/]s} 5g\ . lgisif{sf ¿kdf eGg' kbf{ k|:t't cdn]v dg d"ntM b'a;' If]qLsf] Åbodf cjl:yt efj tyf ;+j]usf] k|jfxsf] ;'Gb/ clg k|s[tjfbL cleJolQm xf] . cdn]v dg :jtGqtfsf] jsfnt / dfgjtfsf] cf/fwgfsf] ;fy{s zAbk'~‍h xf] . o;sf nflu uhnsf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qLnfO{ xflb{s awfO{ lbFb} d o; s[ltsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf klg ub{5' . k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 29

;Gbe{—;fdu|L If]qL, b'a;' -;Dkf=_, ;d;fdlos g]kfnL uhn, sf7df8f}+, j;'Gw/f k|sfzg, @)%) .

If]qL, b'a;' 8f=, sf]nfh dg, sf7df8f}+, j;'Gw/f–dfg k|1f k|lti7fg, @)^* .

===================, lga{Gw dg, sf7df8f}+,b'a;' If]qL /fli6«o ljsf; k|lti7fg, @)&$ .

==================, cltl/Qm dg, sf7df8f}+,b'a;' If]qL /fli6«o ljsf; k|lti7fg, @)&* .

kf}8]n, 1fg'jfs/ -;Dkf=_, b'a;' If]qLsf k|f/lDes uhn, sf7df8f}+,j;'Gw/f–dfg k|1f k|lti7fg, @)^& .

a/fn, s[i0fxl/ k|f=8f=, uhnM l;4fGt / k/Dk/f -bf];|f] ;+:s/0f_, nlntk'/M ;femf k|sfzg, @)^* .

a'9fyf]sL, ljuf]uL / If]qL, s[;' -;Dkf=_, k|ltlglw g]kfnL uhn, sf7df8f}+, b'a;' If]qL -j;'Gw/f k|sfzgsf nflu_, @)%& . (*$!#%)(@% à s'df/LSna, aNv', sf7df8f}+ khbaral@yahoo.com

w .k h

30 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

cdn]v dg —8f= b'a;' If]qL

cfjfh vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] cfjfh vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg cfsfz vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg

aGwg tf]8\g rfxG5 dfG5], kvf{n gf£g rfxG5 lg;fkm vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg

cFWof/f] gf:g rfxG5 dfG5], cf}+;L df:g rfxG5 k|eft vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg

w .k h

o'4 TofUg rfxG5 dfG5], s'?If]q TofUg rfxG5 ljZjf; vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg

:jtGqtf cf/fWo 5, :jtGqtf g} p;sf] eujfg\ d'lQm vf]Hb} lx+8]sf] dfG5]sf] cdn]v dg .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 31

gbLh:tf] lhGbuL gbLh:tf] lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL ulth:tf] lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL

o'4sf aLrdf 3fOt]em}+ s;/L afFRg' ‌cf}ifwLh:tf] lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL

gl/jnsf 5]pdf afFb/em}+ s;/L xfF:g' k|ulth:tf] lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL

w .k h

df]6/, aËnf, df]afOn / sDKo'6/n] lyr]sf] 5 r/Lh:tf] lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL

k};fn] lsg]sf] 5 ;do, k};fn] lsg]sf] 5 :jfledfg :jtGq–lga{Gw lhGbuL afFRg' kf] lhGbuL .

32 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ha uf]nf–af¿b agfof]

cUnf cfln;fg dxnx¿ 78\ofP/ w/tLnfO{ s'¿k agfof] dfG5]n]

ha uf]nf–af¿b agfof] dfG5]n] k|sf]ksf] rª\‍u'n agfof] dfG5]n]

hËn df;]/ zx/, gbL afFw]/ lah'nL k|s[ltnfO{ lj¿k agfof] dfG5]n]

w .k h

cg]sf}+ z:qsf] xf]8df ljZjnfO{ o'4sf] ;Gb"s agfof] dfG5]n]

lxGb", af}4, O:nfd, O{;fO{df afF8]/ ;Eotf g} a]t's agfof] dfG5]n] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 33

cfF;'n] el/GYof] ux

b]z agfpFbf /ut aufP k'vf{x¿n] /utn] el/GYof] bx klxn] klxn]

cfF;'n] el/GYof] ux klxn] klxn] uhndf slxGYof] ax klxn] klxn]

sljx¿ ufpFy] j]bgf, gbLx¿ ;';fpFy] sf]OnLn] ufpFYof] lj/x klxn] klxn]

w .k h

sGofªs'?ªx¿ dw]zaf6 kxf8 r9\y] atf;n] NofpFYof] ;x klxn] klxn]

b/af/df klg lyP ;k{x¿, kf]v/Ldf klg ;k{n] el/GYof] 6f}bx klxn] klxn] .

34 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

g/f]Psf] To:tf] s'g} kn lyPg g/f]Psf] To:tf] s'g} kn lyPg klxn] clxn]em}+ /S;Lsf] tNtn lyPg klxn]

gª\u|f klg lvofpFYof}, k;Lgf klg aufpFYof}+ clxn]em}+ afFRg' ;/n lyPg klxn]

;a} cfkmGt nfUy], dbf{kbf{ sfd nfUy] clxn]em}+ cfF;' clj/n lyPg klxn]

w .k h

OHht lyof], O{dfg lyof], :jfledfg lyof] cfkm}+nfO{ a]Rg] To:tf] k;n lyPg klxn]

‘bfp’ /flv/xGYof], ‘efp’ /flv/xGYof] clxn]em}+ ‘b'a;'’ c;n lyPg klxn].

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 35

b]jtfn] g} 7u]kl5 b]jtfn] g} 7u]kl5 ltd|f] e/ klg s] xf]nf Û cfkmGtn] g} 7u]kl5 xfd|f] 3/ klg s] xf]nf Û

eujfg\ eP af]Ny] xf]nf, ;'Gy] xf]nf xfd|f] s'/f k'hf/Ln] g} 7u]kl5 dlGb/sf] kTy/ klg s] xf]nf Û

5g t rGb| 5'g] nIo lyof] ltd|f] klg d]/f] klg uGtJon] g} 7u]kl5 lx+8\g] tv{/ klg s] xf]nf Û

w .k h

s;d ltdLn] klg vfof}, d}n] klg d'¶L s;]+ 5fofFn] g} 7u]kl5 dfofsf] k|x/ klg s] xf]nf Û

xfF:g] OR5f ltd|f] klg, gfRg] OR5f d]/f] klg efUon] g} 7u]kl5 afFRg] /x/ klg s] xf]nf Û

36 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

km"nx¿ km'Ng yfn]

zf]s vlK6Pem}+ l;afhf w]/} ;'g]+ w"gx¿ ;'Gg yfn]+ ltdL cfPb]lv

r"s 3f]lK6Pem}+ sfnf] /ft w]/} ef]u]+ h"gx¿ v'Ng yfn] ltdL cfPb]lv

km"nx¿ km'Ng yfn] ltdL cfPb]lv ed/fx¿ 3'Dg yfn] ltdL cfPb]lv

w .k h

sf}jfx¿ sfjf vfGy] d]/f] cfsfzdf rv]jfx¿ p8\g yfn] ltdL cfPb]lv

;d;fFemd} P]+7gn] cF7\ofpFYof] dnfO{ ;kgfx¿ e'Ng yfn]+ ltdL cfPb]lv .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 37

cfkm}+nfO{ u'dfP5' cfkm}+nfO{ u'dfP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5 cfˆg} 5fofF x/fP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5

slxn] ltd|f] ¿k, slxn] ltd|f] of}jg ufpFy]+ cfˆg} uLt u'Gu'gfP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5

slxn] ;okqL r9fpFy]+, slxn] dvdnL cfˆg} km"n d':s'/fP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5

w .k h

slxn] ltd|f] /x/df, slxn] aLr zx/df cfˆg} sbd a9fP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5

xfF;f] o;} x/fPs} lyof], ;kgf lg x/fof] cfˆg} cfF;' axfP5' ltdLnfO{ kfPkl5 .

38 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

vf]h]/ sxfF e]l6G5 Û vf]h]/ sxfF e]l6G5 lgzfgL kfgLdf Û n]v]/ sxfF n]lvG5 sxfgL kfgLdf Û

km"n kfpg sfF8f;Fu n8\5 eFj/f kf]v]/ sxfF kf]lvG5 hjfgL kfgLdf Û

cfsfª\Iffx¿ cfuf]df xfn]/ p7]kl5 ;f]r]/ sxfF kfOG5 laxfgL kfgLdf Û

w .k h

zx/df cfO;s] dT:ouGwfx¿ vf]h]/ sxfF kfOG5 k6/fgL kfgLdf Û

au/df cfPkl5 df5fn] a'em]5 af]s]/ sxfF af]lsG5 lhGbufgL kfgLdf Û

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 39

dgleqsf] nfhnfUbf] dgleqsf] nfhnfUbf] s'/f eg"F ls geg"F Û To:t} Pp6f /dfOnf] s'/f eg"F ls geg'F Û

afbn;Fu ao]lnFb} n8\g' klg dhf /}’5 3fdnfUg] ofdsf] Tof] s'/f eg"F ls geg"F Û

of}jg;Fu a/fln+b} h'Wg' klg dhf /}’5 bfu nfUg] cf]7sf] dL7f] s'/f eg"F ls geg" Û

w .k h

h"gtf/fnfO{ 5n]/, 6fFl;g' klg dhf /}’5 aft nfUg] /ftsf] h:tf] s'/f eg"F ls geg"F Û

So} kfPem}+, So} u'dfPem}+ ufFl;g'klg dhf /}’5 dft nfUg] Kof/f], Gofgf] s'/f eg"F ls geg"F Û

40 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

dg kf]n]sf] dg kf]n]sf] yfxf kfpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û dg{'eGbf t ax'nfpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û

PsfGtdf slt r'krfk vKg' lj/x j]bgf 6f]nfpg' eGbf ufpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û

v8]/Lsf] u'nfkmem}+ slt vKg' cfFwLsf] kL8f cf]Onfpg' eGbf df}nfpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û

w .k h

dgsf] s'/f dg}leq /flv/fVbf ufF7f] knf{ dg afFWg'eGbf km'sfpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û

o'4b]lv 8/fP/, ;ª\‍3if{b]lv efuLefuL c:tfpg'eGbf pbfpg' g} hftL ljhohL Û

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 41

aflx/ dGb atf; 5 aflx/ dGb atf; 5, dg clUgs'08 ag]sf] 5 w'jfF st} b]lvFb}g t/ 5ftLdf cfuf] an]sf] 5

sf]nfxn 5, rLTsf/ 5, dfG5]lj?4 dfG5] 5 /ut st} b]lvFb}g t/ zx/df o'4 a9]sf] 5

3/3/df cfuf] 5, dgdgdf Hjfnf bGs]sf] 5 v/fgL st} b]lvb}g t/ a:tLdf 89]nf] ;Ns]sf] 5

w .k h

rNnfx¿ hf]ufpg sl7g 5, kf7fx¿ arfpg ufx|f] cfjfh st} ;'lgb}+g t/ zx/df :ofn k;]sf] 5

s'df/Lx¿ ;fjwfg Û ljwjfx¿ klg ;fjwfg Û ;'G5', a:tLsf] s'g} 3/df anfTsf/L af; a;]sf] 5 .

42 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

otf czflGtn] dgsf] r}g

otf czflGtn] dgsf] r}g vNaNofpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s otf 5ftLleq cfFwLn] ajG8/ dRrfpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s

ltdLn] lbPsf] ltd|f] t:jL/ d}lnG5 ls eg]/ n'sfPsf] 5' cfFvfdf otf w'nf]n] Tof] t:jL/ wldNofpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s

w .k h

ltdLn] 5fk]sf] dL7f] ;kgf x/fpF5 ls eg]/ n'sfPF /ftdf otf ;kgfleq P]+7g ;tfpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s

ltdLn] /f]k]sf] /x/sf] jf]lwj[If cf]OlnG5 ls eg]/ x'sf{PF 5ftLdf otf /x/n] g} hx/ dufpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s jgdf 89]nf] ;NSof], dgdf Hjfnfd'vL bgbg bGsFb} 5 otf ljWj+;n] lgx'F kfpFb} 5, ptf ltdL dl:sG5\of} d;S‍s d;S‍s. ©

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 43

cfsfzdf h"g pbfPb]lv

cfsfzdf h"g pbfPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss ltdL o;/L x/fPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss

ltdL d':s'/fpFbf j;Gt cfPh:tf] x'GYof], pNnf; / pdË 5fpFYof] Ct'/fh j;Gt cfPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss

w .k h

ltdLnfO{ kfpFbf o:tf] x'GYof], of] l;+u} ;+;f/ kfPh:tf] x'GYof] cfh ltd|f] lr¶L kfPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss

ltdL clUnbf cfkm}+ clUn+b} clUn+b} lxdfn ePh:tf] x'GYof] ltdL df}gtfdf /dfPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss ltdL kmlqmFbf of] dgsf] au}Frf 9sdS‍s km'n]h:tf] x'GYof] ltdL o;/L cf]OnfPb]lv of] 5ftL b'Vg yfNof] r;Ss r;Ss . ©

44 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

sxfF k;]+ sxfF k;]+, ;f; lng ;lSbgF lg;fl:;P h:tf] ef] x}g ca lgl:sg ;lSbgF ls lg;fl:;P h:tf] ef]

gf}gLh:tf] d]/f] dg, cfuf] ghLsdf klUnxfNYof] x}g ca klUng ;lSbg ls hd]hd] h:tf] ef]

afbnh:tf] d]/f] dg, cfsfzdfly clUnxfNYof] x}g ca clUng ;lSbgF ls xf]lrPxf]lrP h:tf] ef]

w .k h

;]tL gbLh:tf] d]/f] dg, aUbfaUb} ;]tf] x'GYof] x}g, ca ;ª\lng ;lSbg ls d]lnPd}lnPh:tf] ef]

km"n h:tf] d]/f] dg, j;Gt cfpgf;fy kmlqmxfNYof] x}g ca kmlqmg ;lSbg ls cf]OlnPcf]OlnPh:tf] ef] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 45

Tof] cfFwLh:tf] Tof] cfFwLh:tf] cfP/ dleq k:g] atf; sf] xf]nf < d]/f] gzfgzfdf a]xf];L NofOlbg] ;'jf; sf] xf]nf <

;DemFbf;DemFb} la;{G5', la;{bfla;{b} ;DemG5' d]/f] cf]7cf]7df dft NofOlbg] cfef; sf] xf]nf <

uGtJodf klg k'u]s} 5', vf]h]sf] s'/f kfPs} 5' d]/f] x/ sbddf ;kmntf NofOlbg] Tof] vf; sf] xf]nf <

w .k h

ltd|f] s]z b]V5' afbnem}+ sfnf], cf]7 u'nfaL–u'nfaL d]/f cfFvfdf t:jL/ ag]/ a;]sf] Tof] ljZjf; sf] xf]nf <

/ftdf x'Fbf klg ;fy h:tf], PsfGtdf x'Fbf klg eL8h:tf] dnfO{ ;kgf ;hfpg nufpg] Sofgef; sf] xf]nf <

46 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

lk|o] Û ltdLnfO{ lk|o]Û ltdLnfO{ n]v]sf] lr¶L uhn kf] eP5 dgnfO{ ;fx|f] agfpg vf]h]y]+, t/n kf] eP5

ltdLnfO{ cfFvfdf n'sfpg] /x/ lyof] d]/f] cflv/df Tof] /x/ t bnbn kf] eP5

ltdLnfO{ 8f]nLdf r9fpg] /x/ lyof] d]/f] d}n] ;kgf b]v]sf] 8f]nL t v08x/ kf] eP5

w .k h

ltdLnfO{ b]jtf ;DemL km"n r9fpg] /x/ lyof] d]/f] d]/f] /x/sf] d"lt{ PsfPs kTy/ kf] eP5

ltdLnfO{ km"nh:t} ;hfpg] /x/ lyof] d]/f] d]/f] jf;GtL /x/ s]n] xf] ktem/ kf] eP5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 47

ltd|f] ¿ksf] aofg ltd|f] ¿ksf] aofg t c¿nfO{ dL7f] uhn kf] eP5 k'gd Û ltd|f] cfFvfsf j0f{g t c¿nfO{ ulx/f] ;fu/ kf] eP5 k'gd Û

t/nt/n 5 eg]+, nfnnfn 5 eg]+, r'Dasem}+ r'Dag eg]+ ltd|f] cf]7sf] aofg t c¿nfO{ ;s; kf] eP5 k'gd Û

ee{/ee{/ 5, tg eg]F, r~rnr~rn 5 dg eg]+ ;a}sf ;fd' ltd|f] of}jgsf] aofg t c¿nfO{ xnrn kf] eP5 k'gd Û

w .k h

x/kn x/kn al;{G5 eg]+, ;;{/;;{/ ;5{ eg]+ ;a}sf ;fd' ltd|f] /x/sf] aofg t c¿nfO{ hx/ kf] eP5 k'gd .

/ft/fte/ hfUb5 eg]+, lbglbge/ efUb5 eg]+ ltd|f] 5fofFsf] aofg t c¿nfO{ 3fts kf] eP5 k'gd Û

48 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

a}+;fn' cf]7nfO{ a}+;fn' cf]7nfO{ rnfP/, xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss d]/f] a'9\‍of}nLnfO{ lh:SofP/ xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss

s]z sfnf] afbnem}+, 5ftL cUnf] lxdfnem}+ clUnPsf] 5ftLaf6 a}+;nfO{ 5NsfP/, xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss

x//ft l;/fgLnfO{ lehfO{ pHofnf]df cfF;' n'sfO{ cfFvfleq hjfgL v]nfP/, xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss

w .k h

5ftLn] yfDg ;s] ltd|f] pR5\‍jf;, Gofgf] Gofgf] ltd|f] Zjf; d'6'leq dfofnfO{ w8\sfP/, xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss

/x/ a9\b} hfFb}5, dfof u8\b} hfFb}5 leq leq;Dd 5fofFnfO{ oxL s'/f atfP/, xfFl;/xG5Øf} d';'Ss d';'Ss .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 49

cfkm}+df yfd]/ /fv]+ cfkm}+df yfd]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/ cfkm}+df afFw]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/

efu]/ hfG5' eGYof}, h"gdf uP/ n'S5' eGYof} cfkm}+df 6fF;]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/

yfs]/ hfG5' eGYof}, km"ndf uP/ ;'T5' eGYof} cfkm}+df ufF;]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/

w .k h

9fF6]/ hfG5' eGYof}, dfOtdf uP/ ?G5' eGYof} cfkm}+df ;fFr]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/

lgbfpF5' eGYof}, lgbfpg lbOgF d}n] ltdLnfO{ cfkm}+df Rofk]/ /fv]+ d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;'xfu/fte/ .

50 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f] nfhsf] nfnLn] ltd|f] nfhsf] nfnLn] klg ;fFRr} /ftf] ag]sf] /ft Tof] ufhn ntkt ntkt, cw/ yy{/ yy{/ ePsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

/ft a9\b} uPsf], dft a9\b} uPsf], tfk a9\b} uPsf] ltd|f] cf]7sf] nfnLn] ;fFRr} /ftf] ;f/]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

xtkt xtkt a9\b} hfG5, ntkt ntkt a9\b} hfG5 ltd|f] l;pFbf]sf] ntktn] klg /ftf] nTkltPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

w .k h

cf]7 dl:s+b} hfG5, 5ftL rl:sb} hfG5, cf]7 kmkm{/fpF5 ltd|f] cfFvfsf ufhnn] klg sfnf] a9]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

cFWof/f] emb{} hfG5, /ft ;b{} ;b{} hfG5, k|x/ labf dfU5 ltd|f] d'xf/sf] Hof]ltn] klg pHofnf] ag]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 51

h"g klg nhfPsf] h"g klg nhfPsf], afbn 5f8f ePsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] xf]; b'a}sf] p8]sf], cf]7 b'a}sf] hf]8]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

cf]7n] cf]7 lkPsf], cfFvfn] aft u/]sf] dL7f] kn dft b'a}nfO{ r9]sf], d'6' b'j}sf] ldn]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

/ft a9\b} uPsf], dfof uf9f ag]sf] Gofgf] kn /ft b'a}nfO{ u8]sf], aft b'a}sf] hd]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

w .k h

xfbf{ xfdL b'a} xf5f{}+, lhTbf b'a}n] lhT5f}+ v]n of] uhasf] k|xf/ b'a}nfO{ rflxPsf], o'4 b'a}n] lht]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

kmlqmg rfxG5f}+ b'a}, km'Ng rfxG5f}+ b'a}, /;/Ëdf /d]/ j;Gt b'a}nfO{ 5fPsf], axf/ b'a}sf] k'u]sf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] .

52 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

lbn lbP/ lbn lbP/ lbn lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] tg lbP/ tg lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

r'Dasem}+ r'Dag, dft To;df hjfgLsf] cf]7 lbP/ cf]7 lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

;Fu}+ afFRg] ;Fu} dg{] k|0f u/L 3/L3/L s;d lbP/ s;d lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

w .k h

Psfsf/ ePem}+, ;kgf ;fsf/ ePem}+ aLh lbP/ sf]v lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof]

s]xL k;]h:tf] x'GYof], s]xL a;]h:tf] x'GYof] of}jg lbP/ of}g lnPsf] ;'xfu/ft Tof] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 53

dgsf] rfxnfO{ dgsf] rfxnfO{ To;} n'sfpg] s'/f gu/ ;'xfu/ftdf l5§} lgbfpg] s'/f gu/

efn] af;]kl5 lgbfpFnf clxn] s] xtf/f] Û cfhsf] /ft r'krfk latfpg] s'/f gu/

Åbo /]6]kl5 aHg] w'g, cgf}7f] x'G5 g} cfwL /ftd} lkofgf] ahfpg] s'/f gu/

w .k h

;'Gb/ uxgf xf] ls cfF;' gf/Lsf] dL7f] axfgf klxnf] /ftd} l;/fgL lehfpg] s'/f gu/

cw/df cw/ hf]l8of];\, gh/df gh/ cfhsf] /ftd} d'6' laemfpg] s'/f gu/ .

54 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f nfh nfUg] cª\ux¿ ltd|f nfh nfUg] cËx¿ x]l/;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L ltd|f] lgj{:q ¿k ;a} kl9;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L

d}gh:t} klUnG5, kUn]kl5 hldxfN5 ltd|f] lgd{n dg ;a} 5fld;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L

a]n'gem}+ km'Nb5, 3f]8fem}+ bf}l8G5 ltd|f] 5ftLsf] w8\sg ;'lg;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L

w .k h

r'Dasem}+ tflgG5, tfg]kl5 6fFl;G5 ltd|f] cf]7sf] r'Dag rflv;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L

r'/fem}+ aHb5, 5'/fem}+ 3f]Rb5 ltd|f] gogsf] s6fIf ef]lu;s]+ rf]/Lrf]/L .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 55

d cfkm" d cfkm" a]x'nf ePsf] lbg kms{]g slxn] klg ltdL b'nxL ag]sf] lbg kms{]g slxNo} klg

k'luof] df]uf]s klg, 3'ldof] l;+xjflxgL klg d]/} yfndf ltdLn] vfPsf] lbg kms{]g slxNo} klg

k'luof] ujfx] klg, rl9of] wgf~hL kxf8 klg Pp6} 3f]8fdf r9]sf] lbg kms{]g slxNo} klg

w .k h

ef]luof] j;Gt klg, vlkof] lzlz/nfO{ klg hUu]df ;Fu;Fu} 3'd]sf] lbg kms{]g slxNo} klg

al;of] df]uf]s df]6]n klg, 3'ldof] ‘Dof{]n]’tfn klg, xft ;dfO{ xfdL lxF8]sf] lbg kms{]g slxNo} klg .

56 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

/ft y'k|} cfP /ft y'k}| cfP kl5kl5 klg, Tof] ;'xfu/fth:tf] dL7f] slxNo} cfPg ltdL klUnof}, d klUnPF, nHhfjtL Tof] /fth:tf] Kof/f] slxNo} cfPg

/x/ lkP/ dfltof] slt, /S;L lkP/ slt rf]l6, a]lx;fa 5 dft y'k|} cfof] kl5kl5 klg, Tof] dft hjfgLsf] slxNo} cfPg

km"nn] /]6]sf] klg ofb cfpg], jrgn] 3f]r]sf] klg ofb y'k|} cfof] kl5kl5 klg, Tof] ofb lg7'/Lh:tf] slxNo} cfPg

w .k h

cf]7n] 6f]s]sf] klg bfu /Xof], r'/Ln] sf6]sf] klg /X‍of] bfu y'k}| nfUof] kl5kl5 klg, lgdf{x] Lsf] Tof] bfu tLtf] slxNo} cfPg

3ft klg eof] ddfly, clg slt k6s ljZjf;3ft klg rf]6 y'k} | nfUof] kl5kl5 klg, dfofsf] To:tf] aft rf]6sf] slxNo} cfPg .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 57

ltdL g'xfpFbf ltdL g'xfpFbf em\ofnaf6 n's]/ x]/]+ sltrf]6L lrofO{lrofO{ ltdLn] n'uf km]bf{;d]t df}sf 5f]k]/ x]/]+ sltrf]6L lrofO{lrofO{

ltd|f] nfh klg dg k5{ dnfO{, nHhfjtL :jefj klg ltdL k/ ;/]/ a:bf s] xf] eg]/ x]/]+ sltrf]l6 lrofO{lrofO{

ltd|f] cfª klg dg k5{ dnfO{, cfª 9fSg] :jfª klg ltdL lgj{:q klN6Fbf /dfP/ x]/]+ sltrf]l6 lrofO{lrofO{

w .k h

ltd|f] cf]7 klg dgk5{ dnfO{, ltd|f] lgZrn xfF;f] klg ltdL PsfGtdf PSn} xfF:bf s]xL ;f]r]/ x]/]+ sltrf]l6 lrofO{lrofO{

ltd|f] lxSsf klg dg k5{ dnfO{, ltd|f] cfF;'sf] l9Ssf klg ltdL lxSsf sf8]/ ?Fbf x]/]+ dfof nfu]/ sltrf]l6 lrofO{lrofO{ .

58 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltdLn] cfFvfdf

cfFvfel/ gfr ltdL, ;kgfel/ gfr ltdLnfO{ lsglsg gfr]s}+ ;'xfpF5

ltdLn] cfFvfdf ufhn nfPs} ;'xfpF5 r'N7L afFWbfeGbf v'nf 5f]8]s} ;'xfpF5

km"n;Fu xfF; ltdL, h"g;Fu xfF; ltdLn] cf]7 6f]sL xfF;]s} ;'xfpF5

w .k h

d'6'sf] b}nf] aGb gu/, dgsf] 9f]sf klg ltdL 5]p axg] atf; dft]s} ;'xfpF5

xL/f klg 5f]8 ltdL, df]tL klg 5f]8 ltdLnfO{ d]/f] hf]8L ag]s} ;'xfpF5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 59

ltdL gx'Fbf ltdL gx'Fbf of] 3/df pbf;L cfPh:tf] nfU5 ltdL cfpFbf v'zLsf] cfFwL cfPh:tf] nfU5

tg klg leH5 d]/f], dg klg leH5, To;}To;} ltdL cfpFbf d]/f] ;do bfdL cfPh:tf] x'G5

km"n klg xfF:5 oxfF, h"g klg xfF:5, / t nfU5 ltdL cfpFbf dg ldNg] ;fyL cfPh:tf] x'G5

w .k h

df6f] klg aU5 oxfF, d'6' klg aU5, ;a} yf]s aU5 ltdL cfpFbf j/k/ af9L cfPh:tf] x'G5

tf/f klg em5{ oxfF, afbn klg em5{, To;}n] t ltdL cfpFbf j/k/ laxfgL cfPh:tf] x'G5 .

60 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf} < Tof] rf]nLleq dnfO{ n'sfpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf}< Tof] lbnleq dnfO{ c6fpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf}<

GofpnLem}+ ?G5\of} slxn], sf]OnLem}+ xfF:5\of} slxn] Tof] w'gleq dnfO{ ufpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf} <

;kgfem}+ v'N5\of} slxn], t:jL/em}+ a:5\of} slxn] Tof] cfFvfleq dnfO{ ;hfpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf} <

w .k h

/ut e} aU5\of} slxn], d'6' e} klUnG5\of} slxn] Tof] 5ftLleq dnfO{ w8\sfpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf} <

k/]nLleq n'S5\of} slxn], ufhn;Fu} aU5\of} slxn] Tof] cfF;'leq dnfO{ aufpg ;S5\of} ls ;lSbgf} <

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 61

cem slt~‍h]n cem slt~‍h]n kL8fnfO{ /f]H5\of} r'krfk r'krfk < lsg af]lNbgf}, dgdf s] s] ;f]R5\of} r'krfk r'krfk <

km"n ltdL /f]k, kfgL d xfN5' eGbfeGb} g;'g]h:tf] u/]/ Pp6} cfFugdf sltGh]n km"n /f]K5\of} r'krfk r'krfk <

lbof] ltdL afn, t]n d yK5' eGbfeGb} g;'g]h:tf] u/]/ Pp6} dlGb/df sltGh]n b]jtf 9f]U5\of} r'krfkr'krfk <

w .k h

hLp ltdL g'xfpm, s]z d kvflnlbG5' eGbfeGb} g;'gh ] :tf] u/]/ Pp6} tnfpdf sltGh]n 5f]K5\of} r'krfkr'krfk <

xfF;f] ltdL af]s, cfF;' d af]S5' eGbfeGb} g;'g]h:tf] u/]/ Pp6} af6f]df sltGh]n kfOnf df]8\5\of} r'krfkr'krfk <

62 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f sfps'tL nfUg] cª\ux¿ ltd|f sfps'tL nfUg] cËx¿ 5f]Py]+ la:tf/}la:tf/} sNkgfsf] /dfOnf] b'lgofFdf 8'n]y]+ la:tf/}la:tf/}

5ftL lsg 9flsYof} ltdLn] cfFvf lsg 5f]lkYof} ltdLn] ltd|f nfhnfUg] s'/fx¿ a'em]y]+ la:tf/}la:tf/}

u'nfkm lsg l6Kof} a'em]+, sfF8f lsg 5fDof} a'em]+, To;}n] ltd|f /fd|f nfUg] km"nx¿ /f]k]y]+ la:tf/}la:tf/}

w .k h

cf]7 lsg 6f]Sof} a'em]+, s]z lsg af6\of} a'em]+, a'em]/} t ltd|f dL7f nfUg] kmnx¿ rfv]y]+ la:tf/}la:tf/}

cfF;' lsg lkof} a'em]+, dg lsg l;of} a'em]+, To;}n] t ltd|f dgkg{] uLtx¿ ufPy]+ la:tf/}la:tf/} .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 63

bGTosyfsL /fgLem}+ bGTosyfsL /fgLem}+ agfpFbf s:tL xf}nL < l/;fpFbf olt /fd|L v';fpFbf s:tL xf}nL <

km"n b]Vbf klg nhfpF5\of}, h"g b]Vbf klg gnhfpFbf olt /fd|L zdf{pFbf s:tL xf}nL <

ufhnn] klg ;'xfPsf], em'Ds] a'nfsLn] klg g/ld|+bf olt /fd|L l;+ufl/bf s:tL xf}nL <

w .k h

3'D6f]n] 5f]Kbf klg /fd|L, 3'D6f] vf]Nbf emg} /fd|L a]x'nL agfO{ 8f]nLdf cGdfpFbf s:tL xf}nL <

rf]vf] kfgLem}+ hjfgL, gf}gLem}+ dgsf] dbfgL ltdLnfO{ zxl/of agfpFbf s:tL xf}nL <

64 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltdLnfO{ cFufnf]df ltdLnfO{ cFufnf]df sl;;s]5' yfx} gkfO{ ltdLleq stfstf k:g k'u]5' yfx} gkfO{

cfwL v'n]sf cf]7df sf]lknfem}+ xfF;f] ltd|f cw/x¿ 6f]Sg yfn]5' yfx} gkfO{

ufhn el/Psf k/]nLdf ;kgfx¿sf t/]nL ltd|f gh/x¿ 5f]Kg nfu]5' yfx} gkfO{

w .k h

km"n /f]k]+ j;Gtdf, dg /f]k] a}+;df ltd|f /x/x¿ ddf ;f/]5' yfx} gkfO{

kL8f ef]u]+ crfgf] e}, b]jtf 9f]u]+ dlGb/ uO{ ltd|f kTy/x¿ 9f]Ug yfn]5' yfx} gkfO{ .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 65

cfwL 3'D6f] cfwL 3'D6f] s] vf]n]sf] lyPF, efluxfNof] h"gsf] k|sfz klg cfwL cw/ s] v'n]sf lyP, efluxfNof] :jlKgn cfef; klg

atf; klg w]/} 5f8f 5, 5f]OlbG5' d hyfefjL cfwL 9f]sf s] vf]n]sf] lyPF, efluxfNof] lr;f] atf; klg

/ft klg olt w]/} uf9f 5, t'xfOlbG5 ;kgf klg cfwL kbf{ s] vf]n]sf] lyPF, efluxfNof] ePsf] ljZjf; klg

w .k h

nHhfjtL emf/h:t} of] dg nhfOlbG5 :kz{d} cfwL n'uf s] vf]n]sf] lyPF, efluxfNof] nfhsf] k|of; klg

aft klg w]/} dL7f] 5, dL7f] 5 ofb klg xfd|f] cfwL cfFvf s] vf]n]sf] lyPF, efluxfNof] gL+bsf] lnjf; klg .

66 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

e't'Ss x'G5' d e't'Ss x'G5' d cfh klg, ltdL dleq klUn+bfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf lgY?Ss x'G5' d cfh klg, ;'xfu/ftdf /flKkFbfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf

s]/fsf] sf]/nL yfdem}+ cem} ltd|f] af?n] sDd/ ;DemG5' d';'Ss x'G5' d cfh klg, ltdL d;Fu gflËbfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf

sf]OnLsf] jf;GtL ufgem}+ haha ltd|f] dL7f] :j/ ;DemG5' wkSs x'G5' d cfh klg, ltdL d;Fu nfl8+bfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf

w .k h

nHhfjtL emf/sf] kftem}+ 5'gf;fy} v'lDrg] ltd|f] nfh ;DemG5' ;kSs x'G5' d cfh klg, ltdL d;Fu 5f]OFbfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf

cl;gfsf] bfgf kUn]em}+, ;':t/L p8\g] ltd|f] d'6'sf] afkm ;DemG5' em;Ë x'G5' d cfh, ltdL d;Fu kf]lv+bfsf] /ft ;lDem+bf .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 67

ltd|f] gLb x6fpg ltd|f] gLb x6fpg ;lsg eg] of] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û ltd|f] nfh kG5fpg ;lsg eg] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û

lbgel/ t 5f}Kof} ltdLn] ltd|f] Tof] rfFbgL d'xf/ hUu]df ltd|f] 3'D6f] p7fpg ;lsg eg] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û

k/]nLsf t/]nLx¿ 9kSs} 9flsP ufhndf, nkSs} ltd|f] ufhn d]6fpg ;lsg eg] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û

w .k h

v'n]sf] 5 cfwL cw/, km'n]sf] 5 cfwf d':sfg klg ltd|f] cf]7 sFkfpg ;lsg eg] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û

5ftLleq n'sfpF5' eGYof}, d'6'leq a;fpF5' eGYof} ltd|f] jIf km'sfpg ;lsg eg] ;'xfu/ftsf] s] dhf Û

68 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f] 3'D6f] clnslt ltd|f] 3'D6f] clnslt p7fPF, ltdL nhfof} sltslt ltd|f] cw/ yf]/} ;'d;'DofPF, ltdL 8/fof} sltslt

ltdLnfO{ 5'Fbf klg s/]06 nfU5, ?Fbf klg nfU5 ltd|f] s]z/flz yf]/} rnfPF, ltdL 8/fof} sltslt

5ftL ltd|f] cfuf]em}+ tftf] 5, dg ltd|f] gf}gLem}+ klUnG5 ltd|f] k'i6 5ftL yf]/} p7fPF, ltdL 8/fof} sltslt

w .k h

km"ndfly ed/f rv]jLsf] rv]jfh:tf] agL ltd|f] af?n] sDd/ yf]/} 3'dfPF, ltdL 8/fof} sltslt

rf]6 ef]u]+ crfgf]em}+, kTy/ 9f]u]+ eQm e} r'krfk ltd|f] /x/ cfkm"df yf]/} n'sfPF, ltdL 8/fof} sltslt .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 69

/S;L lkpg]x¿ /S;L lkpg]x¿ cw/ lkP/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf /ut r':g]x¿, 5ftL r';]/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf

Sofd/fdf s}b x'g ;lSbgf} ltdL, efjgfdf afFlwG5\of} ltdL t:jL/ lvRg]x¿ cfFvf lvr]/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf

dg kmf6\g lbGg d, pl3|g klg lbGg, hf]ufP/ /fV5' rf]nL l;pg]x¿, dg l;P/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf

w .k h

k;ndf a:g ;lSbgf} ltdL, ?k}+ofdf klg lalSbgf} ltdL ;fdfg lsGg]x¿ ;kgf lsg]/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf

gf}gLem}+ klUng rfxG5\of} ltdL, cfuf]em}+ x'g ;lSbgf} ltdL 3f]8f r9\g]x¿ 8f]nL r9]/ x]/, ToxfF cs{} 5 dhf .

70 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

h"g x]g{ 5f]8]+ h"g x]g{ 5f]8]+ d}n], ltd|f] ghLs x'g yfn]kl5 /S;L Ko'g 5f]8]+ d}n], ltd|f] cw/ Ko'g yfn]kl5

P]+7g klg /ftn] lbg] xf], ;kgf klg /ftn] g} lbg] xf] ;kgf b]Vg 5f]8]+ d}n], ltd|f] lakgf Ho'g yfn]kl5

PsfGtdf gflËGy]+ d, a]:;/L ax'nfpFy] klg afgL To:tf 5f]8]+ d}n], ltdLnfO{ 5'g yfn]kl5

w .k h

af:gf ltdLdf kfpg] xf], OR5f ltdLdf hufpg] xf] km"n /f]Kg 5f]8]+ d}n], ltd|f] /x/ x'g yfn]kl5

km"n eFj/fn] r'Dg] xf], /; klg eFj/fn] g} r':g] xf], cfF;' Ko'g 5f]8]+ d}n], ltd|f] gh/ Ko'g yfn]kl5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 71

x//ft ltdLnfO{ x//ft ltdLnfO{ gË\ofpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5 x//ft ltd|f] gL+b p8fpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5

h"gtf/fx¿ klg cfsfzsf] 3'D6f] p3f5{g\ x//ft ltd|f] 3'D6f] p7fpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5

eFj/fx¿ km"nsf] jl/kl/ To;} em'ldGgg\ x//ft ltd|f] cw/ r'Dg kfpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5

w .k h

lxpF kf]lvG5 lxdfndf, /Ë kf]lvG5 OGb|]gLdf x//ft ltd|f] ltvf{ d]6fpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5

cfF;' kf]lvG5 l;/fgLdf, cfuf] kf]lvG5 v/fgLdf x//ft ltd|f] 5ftLdf lgbfpg'sf] dhf cs{} 5 .

72 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

d cfkm}+ /f]Psf] lyPF d cfkm}+ /f]Psf] lyPF ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg d cfkm}+ /dfsf] lyPF ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg

km"nsf] ef/L klg lyof], h"gsf] ef/L klg lyof] d cfkm}+ yfs]sf] lyPF, ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg

clnslt cfˆg} tgsf] 8/, clnslt cfˆg} dgsf] d cfkm}+ sfFk]sf] lyPF, ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg

w .k h

clnslt tftf] ltd|f] lyof], clnslt cfuf] d]/f] d cfkm}+ kUn]sf] lyPF, ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg

ltdL klg nhfPsL lyof}, d klg nhfPsf] d cfkm}+ v'Dr]sf] lyPF, ltdL b'nxL ePsf] lbg .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 73

d cfwL leh]sf] d cfwL leh]sf], ltdL k"/} leh]sL s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û d k"/} v'ns ] f], ltdL cfwL v'ns ] L s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û

/fu clnslt rf]/,+ ] k/fu clnslt rf]/,+ ] km"n r'Dof] eFj/fn] s] ck/fw ef]< d cfwL aflËPsf], ltdL yf]/} gfªu\‍ s ] f], s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û

s]z clnslt r'd,+] cf]7 clnslt r'd,+] /; r':of] dfx'/Ln] s] kfku‍¥of]< d cfwL d':sfPsf], ltdL k"/} nhfPsL, s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û

w .k h

ltdL clnslt bf}l8of}, d clnslt x]lnPF, 8'Ëf r9\of] dfemLn] s] e"n u‍¥of]< d cfwL 8'as ] f], ltdL k"/} 8'as ] L, s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û

/ft clnslt nlDaof], aft clnslt nlDaof], gzf a]Rof] hjfgLn] d cfwL kUn]sf], ltdL k"/} kUn]sL, s:tf] /ftf] /ft Tof] ;'xfu/ftsf] Û

74 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

slxn] km"nsf] bfu nfU5, slxn] h"gsf] ltd|f] gh/n] 5'Fbf, gLnf] bfu d;Dd ;‍¥of]

slxn] cfFvfdf nfh nfU5, slxn] cf]7df ltd|f] sDd/n] 5'Fbf, dL7f] nfh d;Dd ;‍¥of]

w .k h

slxn] ltd|f] s]zn] x'G5, slxn] pR5\jf;n] ltd|f] s]z/flzn] 5'Fbf, sfnf] 5fn d;Dd ;‍¥of]

cfF;' hlt d]/f] efudf, xfF;f] hlt ltdLnfO{ ltd|f] xTs]nfn] 5'Fbf, efUosf] ;fy d;Dd ;‍¥of] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 75

d}n] t ltdLnfO{ d}n] t ltdLnfO{ cd[t k7fPy]+, of] s;/L hx/ eof] < d]n] t ltdLnfO{ b]jtf k7fPy]+, Tof] s;/L kTy/ eof] <

km"nh:tL sf]dn dfofnfO{ km"n}km"nn] ;'xfpF5 egL d}n] t ltdLnfO{ km"n k7fPy]+, Tof] s;/L kts/ eof] <

h"gh:tf] ;'Gb/ d'xf/nfO{ h'g]nLn] v'nfpF5 egL d}n] t ltdLnfO{ h"g k7fPy]+, Tof] s;/L a]c;/ eof] <

w .k h

/l;nf] Tof] cw/nfO{ cem /l;nf] agfpF5 egL d}n] t ltdLnfO{ df}/L k7fPy]+, Tof] s;/L e|d/ eof] <

s'df/L ltd|f] l;pFbf]df ;]tf] ck0ff{ ;'xfpF5 egL d}n] t ltdLnfO{ lxdfn k7fPy]+, To] s;/L ;fu/ eof] <

76 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

dg t kfunh:tf] dg t kfunh:tf] ef] d]/f] dg t dfbnh:tf] ef] d]/f]

.c ss

cfuf]dfly gfRbf 6'6]sf] dg t kfonh:tf] ef] d]/f]

5ftLel/ 3fp 5g\ bfpsf dg t 3fonh:tf] ef] d]/f]

w .k h

cfFvfdf hDg], cfF;'df aUg] dg t ufhnh:tf] ef] d]/f]

slxn] p8\g], slxn] al;{g] dg t afbnh:tf] ef] d]/f] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 77

af; dfUof} ltdLn]

;kgf t c¿x¿n] dfu]y]+ d;Fu /ft dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf

af; dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf xft dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf

/S;L t c¿x¿n] klg dfu]y]+ d;Fu dft dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf

w .k h

?k}ofF t c¿x¿n] klg dfu]y] d;Fu ;f}uft dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf

j;Gt t c¿x¿n] klg dfu]y] d;Fu km"nkft dfUof} ltdLn] of] ;d;fFemdf .

78 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltdL d]/f] cFufnf]df ltdL d]/f] cFufnf]df gafFlwPsf] /ft klg s] /ft Û ltd|f] 5ftLdf d]/f] 5ftL ghf]l8Psf] /ft klg s] /ft Û

k'?ifsf] cFufnf]df afFlwG5g\ w]/}, kltsf]df afFlwg] efUo yf]/}nfO{ ltd|f] afx'nLdf d]/f] lz/ gyfldPsf] /ft klg s] /ft Û

hjfgLdf ;kgf b]V5g\ w]/}, l;pFbf]df ;kgf /f]Kg] efUo yf]/}nfO{ ltd|f] ;kgfdf d]/f] lakgf g3'lnPsf] /ft klg s] /ft Û

w .k h

/ftdf lgj{:q aflËG5g\ w]/}, cFufnf]df gflËg] efUo yf]/}nfO{ ltd|f] lgj{:qtfdf rGb|df gkf]lvPsf] /ft klg s] /ft Û

/S;Ldf dfltG5g\ w]/}, dfofdf dflQg] efUo ldN5 yf]/}nfO{ ltd|f] cw/df d]/f] cw/ gdflQPsf] /ft klg s] /ft Û

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 79

ltdL clnslt em's]sf] ltdL clnslt em's]sf], of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û d cln a9L p7]sf] of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û

3'D6f] t vf]lnlbPF, t/ ltdL n'ls/Xof} ltdL clnslt n's]sf] of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û

cf]7 t 6f]lslbPF, t/ d':sfg n'6k'l6of] ltdL clnslt b'v]sf] of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û

w .k h

cfFvf t 5f]lklbPF, t/ ;kgf ltdLleq} clNk/Xof] ltdL clnslt Ao'Fem]sf] of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û

d'6' t 5fldlbPF, t/ of}jg 5ftLel/ kf]lv/Xof] ltdL clnslt km's]sf] of] /ft slt /fd|f] Û

80 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

h"g afbn'df st} h"g afbn'df st} n's]sf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of] ltdL ddf, d ltdLdf kUn]sf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of]

cfwf /ftd} kv]6f km6km6fpg yfNof] efn]n] v'zL eP/ efn] af;]sf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of]

h"g n's]kl5 rDsg yfn] xhf/f}+ tf/fx¿ cfsfzdf tf/f rDs]sf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of]

w .k h

dfofsf] cf}+7f5fk h:tf], /fhLgfdf kf;h:tf] cw/df bfu ePsf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of]

/S;Ldf sxfF x'G5 o:tf] gzf, x'Fb} x'Gg hjfgLsf] dft a;]sf] ;'xfu/ft xf] of] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 81

ltd|f] Tof] ufhn' cfFvfn] ltd|f] Tof] ufhn' cfFvfn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L r'D5 ltd|f] Tof] a}+;sf] syfn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L 5'G5

/Ë 6fFl;g] 8/, t/Ë km}lng] 8/ dnfO{ ltd|f] lz/k"mnsf] af:gfn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L r'D5

dft nfUg] 8/, bfu nfUg] 8/ dnfO{ ltd|f] cf]7sf] nflndfn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L r'D5

w .k h

nfh nfUg] 8/, aft nfUg] 8/ dnfO{ ltd|f] rf]nLsf] t'gfn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L r'D5

‘gfOF’ x'g] 8/, ‘dgfxL’ x'g] 8/ dnfO{ ltd|f] :o'Fbf]sf] Ozf/fn] dnfO{ 3/L3/L r'D5 .

82 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

3fdh:tL dfofsf] s'/f 3fdh:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û h"gh:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û

km'lnlbG5 htftt} af/Ldf klg, dgdf klg km"nh:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û

slxn] hfnL h:tL, slxn] gv/fjfnL h:tL dgh:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û

w .k h

5lNslG5g\ dgsf] ;d'b|df, tgsf] ;d'b|df 5fnh:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û

u'lGhG5g\ htftt} jgdf klg dgdf klg uLth:tL dfofsf] s'/f ug{' klg slt ug{' Û

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 83

5fnem}+ r~‍rn 5fnem}+ r~‍rn :jefj 5 pgdf uLt—uhnk|lt em'sfj 5 pgdf

d[ugogL cfFvfaf6 aUg] cfF;' x]bf{ nfU5, nHhfsf] cgf}7f] efj 5 pgdf

;kgfx¿ 5ftLleq ;hfPsL l5g\ dlt/ ljz]if nufj 5 pgdf

w .k h

pd]/ kRrL; s6]kl5 b]Vb}5' 3/af6 lax]sf] bjfj 5 pgdf

afa'cfdfn] cs{} s]6f vf]h]5g\ Tof] dg gkbf{ tgfj 5 pgdf .

84 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

afhsf] e/ x'Gg afhsf] e/ x'Gg k/]jf b]v]kl5 o'jtLsf] e/ x'Gg a}+; r9]kl5

cfFvf hf]ufO/fv, nTkltg ;S5 ufhnsf] e/ x'Gg cfF;' em/]kl5

5ftf af]ls/fv, kfgL kg{ klg ;S5 afbnsf] e/ x'Gg cfsfz p3|]kl5

w .k h

8'Ëf cln rfF8} lvofpm, kfl/ k'Ug' 5 ;fu/sf] e/ x'Gg 5fn 5Ns]kl5

r}t nflu;Sof] 89]nf]sf] df};d 5 cfuf]sf] e/ x'Gg, atf; rn]kl5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 85

km"nkft af]s]/ cfPF

;fpg] em/L;/L dfof a;f{pg a}+;sf] dft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df

km"nkft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df dL7f] aft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df

dg vfnL 5, hfnL x}g, zÍf gu/ dfofsf] vft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df

w .k h

;w}+ pHofnf] xf];\ ltd|f] 3/ eg]/ h'g]nL /ft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df

pkxf/ lbg egL ltdLnfO{, dgsf] Û h'xf/ft af]s]/ cfPF ltd|f] 3/df .

86 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

Ps k6s ltdLnfO{

kf]Ng 5f]8\of] kfOtfnf klg dg klg Ps k6s cfuf]dfly km]l/ 6]lslbPF

Ps k6s ltdLnfO{ km]l/ n]lvlbPF Ps k6s kTy/nfO{ km]l/ 9f]lulbPF

ltd|f] pR5\jf; d;Dd cfOk'U5 egL Ps k6s j;GtL axf/ km]l/ 5]lslbPF

w .k h

/utn] n]V5' Pp6f kq dfofnfO{ egL Ps k6s n]v]sf k|]dkqx¿ km]l/ d]l6lbPF

ltd|f OR5fx¿ k"/f u5{' eGg] s;d vfO{ Ps k6s OR5fx¿sf] 3fF6L km]l/ /]l6lbPF .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 87

sfF8fnfO{ km"nsf] pkxf/ sfF8fnfO{ km"nsf] pkxf/ k|fKt ef] ;donfO{ /ª\‍uLg z[ª\‍uf/ k|fKt ef]

v/fgL x'G5' ls eGg] 8/}8/df cfuf]nfO{ kfgLsf] Kof/ k|fKt ef]

hNb} lyPF cfˆg} dgsf] 89]nf]df 3[0ffnfO{ dfofsf] lzi6frf/ k|fKt ef]

w .k h

d?e"ldsf] cf]Pl;;em}+ lgh{gtf ef]Ub}y]+ PsfGtdf k|]dsf] ;~rf/ k|fKt ef]

s] ef], s] ef], PsfPs ;a}yf]s kfPem}+ dnfO{ ;kgfsf] ;+;f/ k|fKt ef] .

88 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

Psflt/ cfˆg} ufpF Psflt/ cfˆg} ufpF au]sf] 5 csf{]lt/ ltd|f] bfp 8'a]sf] 5

dnfO{ kfl/ gk'uL ePs} 5}g csf{]lt/ ltd|f] gfp kN6]sf] 5

otf d C0fdf r'n{'Dd 5' csf{]lt/ ltd|f] ;fpF 8'a]sf] 5

w .k h

sfF8f3f/Ldf lx+8\g' 5 cem} slt lbg csf{]lt/ ltd|f] kfp 3f]r]sf] 5

cg's"n 5}g d]/f] kl/l:ylt csf{]lt/ ltd|f] 3fp aNem]sf] 5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 89

n'ufleqsf] wfuf]

3f]R5 km"nn] klg leq;Dd 3f]R5 km"nleqsf] sfF8f] sxfF b]lvG5 / <

n'ufleqsf] wfuf] sxfF b]lvG5 / Û 5ftLleqsf] e}+rfnf] sxfF b]lvG5 / Û

xfF:g t xfF;]+, uxel/ ax n'sfP/ dgleqsf] cfuf] sxfF b]lvG5/ <

w .k h

n'sfO{ /fv]+ dfofnfO{ dgsf] ;Gb"sdf cFWof/f]df gf;f] sxfF b]lvG5 / <

d xfF;' ls gfr"F, s;nfO{ s]sf] kL/ k/fOsf] rf;f] sxfF b]lvG5 / <

90 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f] Tof] afgL b]v]/ ltd|f] Tof] afgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof] ltd|f] a]OdfgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof]

cfF;' g} cfF;'n] el/Psf] Tof] ltd|f] hjfgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof]

c¿nfO{ cfuf] k}Frf] lb+bfdf ltd|f] v/fgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof]

w .k h

cfF;'nfO{ n'sfpg vf]Hbf leh]sf] ltd|f] l;/fgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof]

cfkm"nfO{ lsGgnfO{ cfkm}+nfO{ a]r]sf] ltd|f] sxfgL b]v]/ 6L7 nfUof] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 91

d afFRbf d afFRbf d}n] kfpg] ltdLafx]s sf] 5 / k'gd< d dbf{ u'dfpg] ltdLafx]s sf] 5 / k'gd<

ltdL eOGh]n zfob d xflb{g hLjgdf s'g} o'4 d lhTbf /dfpg] ltdLafx]s sf] 5 / k'gd <

lx+8\bflx+8\b} 7]; nfu]/ n8]+ eg]+ jLr ;8sdf d n8\bf p7fpg] ltdL afx]s sf] 5 / k'gd <

w .k h

s'g} lbg k|lt:kwf{sf] s'?If]qdf xf/]+ eg] klg d xfbf{ y'dy'Dofpg] ltdLafx]s sf] 5 / k'gd <

b[9 5' cfˆgf] nIo / uGtJodf ;'b[9 5', t}klg d lj/lQmbf ;Demfpg] ltdLafx]s sf] 5 / k'gd <

92 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

e"n :jLsfg{]nfO{ e"n :jLsfg{]nfO{ ;Ddfg k|fKt x'G5 cjZo Tofu :jLsfg{]nfO{ 1fg k|fKt x'G5 cjZo

kL8f ef]Ug]x¿ g} cfgGb klg k|fKt u5{g\ cfF;' :jLsfg{]nfO{ d':sfg k|fKt x'G5 cjZo

h;n] vGb5 uf]/]6f], p;}n] 6]Sb5 uGtJo ;+3if{ :jLsfg{]nfO{ laxfg k|fKt x'G5 cjZo

w .k h

s'?If]q :jLsfg{] kf08jx¿n] kfP xl:tgfk'/ alnbfg :jLsfg{]nfO{ klxrfg k|fKt x'G5 cjZo

zxLbnfO{ t O{Zj/n] klg ;nfd ub{5 zxfbt :jLsfg{]nfO{ Oltxf; k|fKt x'G5 cjZo .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 93

5f]8]/ hfg]x¿;Fu 5f]8]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5 s'Nr]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5

;Dem]/ hfg]x¿ km]l/ cfpmg\ kms{]/ la;{]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5

eg]/ hfg]x¿ km]l/ cfpmg\ kms{]/ efu]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5

w .k h

hf]8]/ hfg]x¿ km]l/ cfpmg\ kms{]/ tf]8]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5

d:s]/ hfg]x¿ km]l/ cfpmg\ kms{]/ 7':s]/ hfg]x¿;Fu e]6 geP klg x'G5 .

94 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltdL;Fusf] d]/f] tgfj ltdL;Fusf] d]/f] tgfj hf/L 5 cem} ltd|f] lgd{d ofb hf/L 5

kf]n t/ pDngf;fy 5f]8 eGb} cfuf];Fu kfgLsf] ljjfb hf/L 5

3f]r t/ leq ;Dd g3f]r eGb} sfF8f;Fu km"nsf] cfnfk hf/L 5

w .k h

;Fu} ldn]/ ;do sf6"F eGb} l;/fgL;Fu /ftsf] k|:tfj hf/L 5

OGb|]0fLh:tf] hLjg ef]Ug ;s"F eGb} cfFvf;Fu :jKgsf] cf}+7f5fk hf/L 5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 95

ltdL;Fu dL7f] 3ft ug{ kfP ltdL;Fu dL7f] 3ft ug{ kfP x'GYof] 3ftkl5 kZrfQfk ug{ kfP x'GYof]

h"gaf6 5lnP/, ;'6'Ss n's]/ ltdL;Fu l;+uf] /ft vf; ug{ kfP x'GYof]

s]z/flz l;pFbf] v]nfpFb}, r'/f ahfpFb} ltdL;Fu dL7f] ;+jfb ug{ kfP x'GYof]

w .k h

slxn] cf]7 6f]Sb}, slxn] ltd|f] d'xf/ r'Db} dfofsf] /fhLgfdf kf; ug{ kfP x'GYof]

h"gtf/f ;fIfL /fvL ltd|f] jIfel/ rfx]hlt cf}+7f5fk ug{ kfP x'GYof] .

96 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

km"nn] xfF;LxfF;L ;xG5 km"nn] xfF;LxfF;L ;xG5 eFj/fsf] cTofrf/ kTgLn] xfF;LxfF;L ;xlG5g\ kL8fdo ;'xfu/ft

Pp6} la5\of}gfdf kN6]kl5 lgw{Ss;Fu kTgLn] xfF;LxfF;L lblG5g\ kltnfO{ k"0f{ ;fy

cfˆgf] nfnLsf] /Ë kltsf] cf]7df nTkltFbf kTgLn] xfF;LxfF;L k'l5lblG5g\ nfu]sf] Tof] bfu

w .k h

cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf] rqmLo r'Dagsf] kl/0ffd kTgLn] xfF;LxfF;L 5f]lklblG5g\ unfsf] Tof] 5fk

cfpg] ;fFemdf km]l/ tGgf d}lnG5 / klg kTgLn] xfF;LxfF;L wf]OlblG5g\ tGgfsf] Tof] bfu.

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 97

:ofn af}nfof] eg] :ofn af}nfof] eg] zx/ k'U5 ;d|f6 af}nfof] eg] o'4 x'G5

kN6fOlbG5 dflnsnfO{ 6'Fl8v]ndf 3f]8f af}nfof] eg] u'nfdL em'S5

;fFemlaxfg df;' dfq slt vfg] s's'/ af}nfof] eg] 3fp r':5

w .k h

cfkm}+ cfˆgf] sfn vf]Hg uO{ k'tnL af}nfof] eg] u'n'a 7'ª\5

vK5 ;s'Gh]n dfq vK5 hgtf af}nfof] eg] kl/jt{g r'D5 .

98 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

eFj/fn] r'd]sf] km"n

cfsfzdf cfpg k|ltaGw 5 cf}+;Ldf k/]sf] h"g o:t} x'G5

eFj/fn] r'd]sf] km"n o:t} x'G5 hjfgLdf u/]sf] e"n o:t} x'G5

avf{df aufpF5, ljZjf;} x'Fb}g v8]/Ldf ;'s]sf] d"n o:t} x'G5

w .k h

;fy lbg, ;fy lng b'a} ;ls+b}g af9Ln] aufPsf] k'n o:t} x'G5

cfkm}+nfO{ aGwsdf /fv]/ st} a]xf];Ldf ul/Psf] sa"n o:t} x'G5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 99

Ps lbg t d klg

;w}+ dnfO{ xf]rf] eg] dfG5]x¿n] Ps lbg lnlnk'6sf aundf a;]+

Ps lbg t d klg dxndf a;]+ cfkm}+nfO{ a]Rg egL k;ndf a;]+

sf7df8f}+n] ;w}+ lyRg, lsRg vf]Hof] Ps lbg d klg df]km;ndf a;]+

w .k h

zx/df ;w}+ ;'s'Djf;Lem}+ afFRg' kg{] ufpF kms{]+ / d cfˆg} w/ftndf a;]+

eL8n] ;w}+ lgNg dfq vf]Hof] dnfO{ eL8af6 efuL lgh{g hª\‍undf a;]+ .

100 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

5nL :jfyL{ ;fyL

5nL :jfyL{ ;fyL kfOG5 ;lhn}, lg:jfyL{ ;fyL kfpg sl7g b'i6, ljZjf;3ftL kfOG5 ;lhn}, e/kbf{] ljZjf;L ;fyL kfpg sl7g

aGb"s af]s]/ lx+8]sf] ;d|f6nfO{ aGb"s af]Sg]x¿n] 7Ls kf5{g\ e"uf]nsf] ujfxL kfOG5 ;lhn}, Oltxf;sf] ;fIfL kfpg sl7g

;Qfsf 3f]8f r9]/ a"6 ahfb{} lx+8\g rfxG5g\ hf]sf]xL oxfF ;Qfsf cfsfª\IfL kfOG5 ;lhn}, ljb|f]xsfcfsfª\IfL kfpg sl7g

w .k h

an]s} cfuf] tfK5g\ dfG5]x¿, lge]sf] cfuf] lge]sf] lge]s} lr;f] v/fgL kfOG5 ;lhn}, Gofgf] l;/fgL kfpg sl7g

t]lGhªn] r9], lxnf/Ln] r9], nfSkf, cfSkf / kf;fªNxfd'n] r9] cf/f]xL ofqL kfOG5 ;lhn}, kl/jt{gsf ofqL kfpg sl7g . ©

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 101

Knfli6ssf] km"nnfO{ Knfli6ssf] km"nnfO{ af]s]/ xfF:b}5 cfhsf] dfG5] s[lqdtfsf] kmnnfO{ l6k]/ rfVb}5 cfhsf] dfG5]

zlQm rflxof], k};f rflxof], clg rflxof] ;'vzon kTy/sf] eujfg\nfO{ 9f]u]/ efSb}5 cfhsf] dfG5]

ad, af¿b / aGb"sjLr lh;; / a'4 ;Gq:t 5g\ b'lgofF s'?If]q agfpg nfUb}5 cfhsf] dfG5]

w .k h

uËf /QmfDo, 6fOlu|; /QmfDo, 8]Go'j /QmfDo 5 /utsf] cfxfn b]v]/ sfFKb}5 cfhsf] dfG5]

dfG5] df/]/ dfG5]n] kfPg l;jfo kZrfQfk dfG5]sf] a:tLaf6 xf/]/ efUb}5 cfhsf] dfG5] .

102 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f] ldqtf

k/fho :jLsfg{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] ltd|f] r]x/f b'of{]wgsf] cxÍf/h:tf]

ltd|f] ldqtf t/af/sf] wf/h:tf] ltd|f] d':sfg af¿bsf] k|xf/h:tf]

slxn] rf}sf xfG5f}, slxn] 5Ssf xfG5f} ltd|f] w"t{tf zs'lgsf] vfnh:tf]

w .k h

b|f}kbLsf] gUgtfdf b'Mzf;gsf] l:ylt ltd|f] gk'+;stf kTy/sf] kxf8h:tf]

zÍfn] n}hfG5 nÍf, cf/f]kn] cof]Wof ltd|f] uGtJo s'?If]qsf] ;+;f/h:tf] .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 103

s] s] eof] x}/fgL s] s] eof] x}/fgL atfpg ;lsgF d}n] a'em]/ ltd|f] afgL ;'gfpg ;lsgF d}n]

cfˆgf syfx¿ n]Vg snd ;dft]+ d}n] aGb"ssf] l;/fgL nufpg ;lsgF d}n]

cfdfs} xftaf6 6Lsf yfk]+ cIftfsf] 6Lsfdf v/fgL nfpg ;lsgF d}n]

w .k h

Ol8k;em}+ cfTdf a]rL df]h ug{ ;lSbgy]+ cfˆg} a:tL la/fgL agfpg ;lsgF d}n]

k/fho :jLsf5{', k|xf/ vKg tof/ 5' ljof]ufGt sxfgL n]vfpg ;lsgF d}n] .

104 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

xl/of] 5}g w/tL xl/of] 5}g w/tL, gLnf] 5}g cfsfz v'zL 5}g k|s[lt ;kmf 5}g atf;

sª\qml6sf] hËndf s[lqdtf dfq} ;'/lIft 5}g ;DklQ, cK7]/f] 5 ljsf;

l8:sf] cfof], kj cfof], af/ / Sna cfP ;'/lIft 5}g ;+:s[lt, ljs[ltsf ;a bf;

w .k h

df]afOn 5 xftdf, Nofk6k 5 efG;fdf oGqsf] k|efjdf, Åbodf 5}g k|sfz

w'n}w'nf] w'Fj}w'Fjf ;f; km]g{ sl7g xFl;nf] 5}g lhGbuL, k|b"if0fsf] cfef; .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 105

kfgL 5}g gbLdf kfgL 5}g gbLdf, k|b"if0f af]s]/ aUb}5 jfUdtL kljq eGy]+ gbLnfO{, ljs[t eP/ aUb}5 jfUdtL

hGdb]lv d[To';Dd sd{ ug{] :yfg xf] of] kljq eGy] gbLnfO{, ckljq ag]/ aUb}5 jfUdtL

¿vx¿ lyP xl/0fd[u / r/fr'?ËLx¿ em'lDdGy] ;'Gb/ eGy] gbLnfO{, s'¿ktf ;x]/ aUb}5 jfUdtL

w .k h

lsgf/fdf a;]/ slj n]Vy] sljtf, k|]dL uy{] cflnËg dgf]x/ eGy] gbLnfO{, dgb+z eP/ aUb}5 jfUdtL

o1 x'GYof], hk x'GYof], k"hfkf7 / k|jrg x'Gy] ToxfF ;Eotf eGy] gbLnfO{, ;Eotf d]6]/ aUb}5 jfUdtL .

106 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

km"n k'mN5 hxfF km"n k'mN5 hxfF hxfF, eFj/f kfOG5 ToxfF ltdL pleG5\of} hxfF, uhn n]lvG5 ToxfF

u'nfkm kmqm];/L ltd|f] cw/ ha v'N5 ltd|f] v'zLsf] d':sfg klg ;lhG5 ToxfF

ltd|f] Ps gh/df em'S5g\ xhf/f}+ k'?if ltd|f] ;fd" kbf{ x/]s o'js klUnG5 ToxfF

w .k h

ltdLnfO{ v'zL agfpg u'Gu'gfpg'k5{ hxfF snd x'G5 aGb"s efFlrG5 ToxfF

ltd|f] ;fy kfO/x] dnfO{ cf]vtL rflxGg dL7f] r'Dag hxfF, b'vfO d]l6G5 ToxfF .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 107

s, v, u, 3, k9]/ ;'gfpFb}l5g\ s, v, u, 3, k9]/ ;'gfpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL cIf/x¿;Fu gftf a9fpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL

klxn] d xft ;dfO{ n]Vg l;sfpFy]+ clxn] cfk}+m g} k]lG;n ;dfpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL

tf]t]tf]t] af]nLdf, ;fyLx¿sf nf]nLdf ;of}+ y'Fuf km"nsf xfdL ufpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL

w .k h

cfdf;Fu nfl8g], u'?cfdf;Fu em'lDdg] ;a}lt/ dL7f] dfof kfpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL

;fgf] emf]nf af]s]/, emf]nfdf lstfasfkL Rofk]/ /fd|L agL kf7zfnf wfpFb}l5g\ sfblDagL .

108 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

xh'/cfdf;Fu 8'Ng xh'/cfdf;Fu 8'Ng dg k/fpFl5g\ lgxfl/sf a; a; /] j;'Gw/f a}gL u'Gu'gfpl5g\ lgxfl/sf

s, v, u, 3, c, cf, O, O{ kl9;s]kl5 dfgj efOnfO{ u'0ffefuf l;sfpFl5g\ lgxfl/sf

bz}+ cfof] a'jf cfdfn] a'§]n'uf NofOlbg'ef] sfblDagLnfO{ /fd|f gfgf klx/fpFb}l5g\ lgxfl/sf

w .k h

v]Ng] ;dodf v]n, clg k9\g] ;dodf k9\g'k5{ eGb} ;f}efUonfO{ u[xsfo{ u/fpFb}l5g\ lgxfl/sf

1fgL aGg', u'0fL aGg' eGg] 7"nf] kfkfsf] s'/f a'em]/ emf]nfel/ k':ts af]sL kf7zfnf wfpFb}l5g\ lgxfl/sf .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 109

sfF8f klg lgsf] nfU5 sfF8f klg lgsf] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lbbf ;a} s'/f Kof/f] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lbFbf

PSnf] x'Fbf PsfGtn] g} lgNg vf]H5 kL7f] klg dL7f] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lb+bf

ltdLn] rfv]sf] kmn rf]/]/} vfpmF x'G5 h'7f] klg rf]vf] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lb+bf

w .k h

s'Fb]/ agfPsf] ltd|f] d"lt{ /fVbf /f]PF kTy/ klg Ho'Fbf] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lb+bf

dlGb/ k'/fgf], zx/ la/fgf] ltdL gx'Fbf d;fg klg cfˆgf] nfU5 ltdLn] xfFl;lb+bf .

110 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

dfofsf] /x/ dfofsf] /x/ dg;Dd 3[0ffsf] hx/ dg;Dd

.c ss

cf]7af6 k;]/ d'6'leq l5g{ r'Dassf] /x/ dg;Dd

km"nkm"nsf] 8f]nL r9]/ a:g] k|]o;Lsf] zx/ dg;Dd

w .k h

:g]xsf] /y r9]/ hfg] bfDkTosf] kx/ dg;Dd

sfqf] cf]9]/ af; a:g] la5f]8sf] 7x/ dg;Dd .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 111

d]/f] 3/df cfuf] ;Nsfof]

km"n}km"nsf] 8f]nL r9fpF5' eGb} d]/f] cfFvfsf] ;kgf n'6fof] p;n]

d]/f] 3/df cfuf] ;Nsfof] p;n] d]/f] dgsf] nÍf hnfof] p;n]

klxn] h;nfO{ klg cfkmGt 7fGy]+ d]/f] dgdf zÍf hufof] p;n]

w .k h

p8fpFbf p8fpFb} h"gd} k'u]em}+ d]/f] /x/sf] rËf r'F8fof] p;n]

cfˆgf] ;Dem]/ dgsf] rfaL ;'Dk]+ d]/f] ljZjf;sf] kmfObf p7fof] p;n] .

112 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

ltd|f] dfof em/Lh:tf] ltd|f] dfof em/Lh:tf] 3/L3/L cfpF5 ltd|f] ofb x'/Lh:tf] kmsL{kmsL{ cfpF5

lgbfpg} x'Gg, ;d;fFemd} lg;fl:;G5' ltd|f] /ft P]+7gh:tf] aNemLaNemL cfpF5

s] r'd]sL lyof} d]/f cf]7df hah{:tL ltd|f] dft af8'nLh:tf] km]l/km]l/ cfpF5

w .k h

uf]/]6f] x'Fb}, e~HofË x'Fb} pSn]sf] af6f] Tof] ltd|f] ememNsf] h:tf] agL agL cfpF5

ofqfdf e]6]sf ;a} ;fyLx¿ lal;{;s]+ ltd|f] gfpF dGqh:tf] ;DemL;DemL cfpF5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 113

P]gfem}+ km'6]/ dg P]gfem}+ km'6]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf zLzfem}+ rs{]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf

b]jtfem}+ k'h]y]+ ltd|f] t:jL/nfO{ kTy/em}+ 6'qm]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf

;dfn]/ /fv]+y]+ ltdLnfO{ 5ftLdf leQfem}+ 9n]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf

w .k h

uxgfem}+ n'sfO{ /fv]+y]+ afrfnfO{ lj:kmf]6df k/]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf

cflnzfg agfPF :jKgsf] tfhdxn dxnem}+ eTs]/ dg ef] 6'qmf6'qmf .

114 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

afbn al;{g yfNof] afbn al;{g yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf lxdfn klUng yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf

ltd|f] cfF;' au]h:tf], xfF;f] t}l/Ph:tf] gbL ;ª\lng yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf

5ftL b'v] b'v]h:tf], P]+7g eP ePh:tf] d'6' w8\lsg yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf

w .k h

PSn} lx8\b} lyPF hLjgsf] psfnf]df dg eSsflgg yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf

ltdLnfO{ km]l/ Pp6f kq n]v'F eGbfeGb} uhn u'lGhg yfNof] ltdLn] ;lDem+bf .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 115

ltd|f] Tof] df]xgL ¿knfO{ ltd|f] Tof] df]xgL ¿knfO{ b]v]kl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û ltd|f] cw/sf] cfqmd0fdf k/]kl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û

a? ch{'gsf] af0fnfO{ /f]Sg ;lhnf] x'GYof] xf]nf ltd|f] gh/sf] af0fn] e]6]kl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û

/utsf] bfu kfgLn] wf]P hfGYof] xf]nf ;lhn} ltd|f] Tof] r'Dagsf] bfu nfu]kl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û

w .k h

a? ;fu/sf] 5fn 5n]/ 5]Sg ;lsGYof] xf]nf ltd|f] of}jgsf] 5fnn] 5f]Pkl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û

x/ /ftsf P]+7gx¿nfO{ vKg ;lsGYof] xf]nf ltd|f] :jKg dxnleq k;]kl5 sf] hf]luG5 Û

116 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

d]/f] ofb c6\b}g d]/f] ofb c6\b}g ltd|f] t:jL/df d]/f] km"n rNb}g ltd|f] dlGb/df

ca t d cfkm}+ u9tL/ eO;s]+ d]/f] dg c8\b}g ltd|f] eL/df

rf]6} rfn gkfpg] eO;s]+ d]/f] d'6' n8\b}g ltd|f] tL/df

w .k h

dgh:tf] 7"nf] 5}g ltd|f] l;pFbf] d]/f] l;Gb"/ kb{}g ltd|f] lz/df

klxn] d ?Gy]+ ltd|f] cfFvfdf d]/f] cfF;' aUb}g ltd|f] kL/df .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 117

o;/L ltd|f] gv/f o;/L ltd|f] gv/f p7]5 d]/f] lglDt vt/f ag]5

otf dgsf] lxdfn klUnof] ptf 5ftLsf] r'r'/f a9]5

otf ;kgf g} b]Vg 5fl8of] ptf ltd|f] lgGb|f d/]5

w .k h

otf d]/f] skfn emg{ yfNof] ptf dgsf] ;fs'/f km'n]5

118 ÷ /rgf

otf OR5fsf 3/x¿ 9n] ptf ltd|f] r'/f km'6]5 . ©

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

hlt ;'Gb/ 5g\ hlt ;'Gb/ 5g\ oL ltd|f uxgfx¿ plt g} dL7f 5g\ oL ltd|f efjgfx¿

nfh nfuLnfuL nfnL k'5\g] u5of{} r'Dagdf rf]la/x'Fem}+ ltd|f lt;{gfx¿

Ao'Femg] laltQm} x/fpF5g\ v} lsg P]+7gdf 8'la/xg] ltd|f ;kgfx¿

w .k h

gemf/ cfF;' o;/L ltd|f cfFvfaf6 dgleq ;Ns]sf ltd|f rfxgfx¿

afbn;Fu;Fu} k'U5g\ sxfFsxfF;Dd s‍¥ofªs'?ª agL ltd|f ;Demgfx¿.

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 119

ltd|f cf]7x¿nfO{ ltd|f cf]7x¿nfO{ r'Dag u5{' d]/f] dfofnfO{ ;Djf]wg u5{'

lz/af6 wfjf af]Nb} tntn ;b{} ltd|f] 5ftLdfly d cfqmd0f u5{'

ltd|f] sfofnfO{ clncln ;'d;'DofpFb} d]/f] 5fofFnfO{ cflnËg u5{'

w .k h

lakgfsf] k|rf/k|;f/ k'lu;Sof] d]/f] ;kgfsf] ca lj1fkg u5{'

ltdLnfO{ kfpg] dfu /fv]/ d]/f] dfofsf] nflu cfGbf]ng u5{' .

120 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

eujfg\ aG5' eGof} eujfg\ aG5' eGof} eg] Odfg lbG5' cfkm}+ h:tf] x'G5' eg, eujfg\ lbG5'

km"nx¿df xfF; ltdL, zLtx¿df xfF; ltdLnfO{ d k"l0f{dfh:tf] d':sfg lbG5'

lxdfnx¿df kUn ltdL, gbLdf ;ª\n ltdLnfO{ d uËf]qLh:tf] d'xfg lbG5'

w .k h

d]/} cfFvfdf lgbfpm, cËfnf]df a; ltdLnfO{ d 5ftLh:tf] l;/fg lbG5'

;kgfx¿ lbPF d}n], /x/x¿ lbPF ltdLnfO{ d cfˆg} hjfgL cg'bfg lbG5' .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 121

sfnf] afbnsf] e/ x'Fb}g sfnf] afbnsf] e/ x'Fb}g sfnf] ufhnsf] e/ x'Fb}g

.c ss

a? v/}n] 5fpg' 5fgf] 5fgfdf 6fonsf] e/ x'Fb}g

v/L sd;n k/]5 eg] To:tf] dfbnsf] e/ x'Fb}g

w .k h

dfu]/ nfPsL /}5f} ltdLn] csf{sf] kfonsf] e/ x'Fb}g

3fOt] af3 vt/gfs x'G5 h;/L dfofdf 3fonsf] e/ x'Fb}g .

122 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

eTs]sf] 3/sf] 8/ eTs]sf] 3/sf] 8/ nfU5 ltd|f] km'6]sf] r'/fsf] 8/ nfU5

ptfsf] s'/f otf, otfsf] ptf kFw]/f]sf] s'/fsf] 8/ nfU5

e§Ldf dft]sf] a]nf s]—s] x'G5 ;'Gb/L / ;'/fsf] 8/ nfU5

w .k h

cfˆgfsf] k|xf/n] cem} w]/} b'V5 / t k|]dsf] 5'/fsf] 8/ nfU5

3/sf] s'gfs'gfdf hfnf] nfpg] 3/]n' dfs'/fsf] 8/ nfU5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 123

b]jtf s;/L aGof] b]jtf s;/L aGof], kTy/nfO{ yfxf 5 gbL s;/L ;'Sof], au/nfO{ yfxf 5

r'Dasem}+ 6fFl;of] r'Dag ntktntkt bfu s;/L nfUof], cw/nfO{ yfxf 5

eQmx¿ db{} uP km"nx¿ cf]OnfpFb} uP k"hf/L s;/L p7\of], k"hf—3/nfO{ yfxf 5

w .k h

h"gtf/fx¿ nl8/x], cGwsf/sf lj?4df /ft s;/L efUof], k|x/nfO{ yfxf 5 .

124 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

w/tLh:tL cfdf d]/L w/tLh:tL cfdf d]/L, cfdfh:tL w/tL b'a} afFr] afFRg ;S5' :j:y—:jR5 lhGbuL

cfdf ?Fbf w/tL ?lG5g\, w/tL ?Fbf cfdf x'g lbg' x'Gg xfdLn] b'a}nfO{ b'MvL

x/fe/f eP w/tL /dfpF5 cfdfsf] dg ;a}nfO{ h?/L 5 k|s[ltsf] xl/of] d;L

w .k h

ad / af¿bsf] w'jfFdf lg;fl;G5g\ cfdf / w/tL z:qf:qsf] xf]8df 5g\ cfdf / w/tL b'a} aGwsL

dfgjtfsf] uLt clg aGw'Tjsf] k|Ltn] dfG5] eO{ dfgjtfsf] hf]ufcf}+ ;+:s[lt .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 125

kof{j/0f arfpg kof{j/0f arfpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r jftfj/0f hf]ufpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r

pkrf/ ug{' eGbf /f]u nfUg glbg' hftL w'jfF—w'nf] x6fpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r

ad—af¿bn] a'4 3fOt] 5 cfhef]ln zflGt / v'zL Nofpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r

w .k h

Oltxf; hf]ufP dfq eljio hf]luG5 d7—dlGb/ hf]ufpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r

cfˆgf] eGg] /x]g eg] cfkm" g} /lxb}+g To:tf] lrgf/L agfpg ulxl/P/ ;f]r .

126 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

km"n kmlqmG5 km"n kmlqmG5 qfzdf cr]n h"g em'lNsG5 qfzdf cr]n

sfnf afbnn] 3]g{ ;S5g\ 3fd rls{G5 qfzdf cr]n

ad / af?bsf] w'jfFjLr afns hlGdG5 qf;df cr]n

w .k h

hUu]df v:g ;S5 If]Kof:q ljjfx ;lsG5 qf;df cr]n

wtL{ km'6\b}5 Hjfnfd'vL eO{ hLjg afFlrG5 qf;df cr]n .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 127

afhL xf/]/ afhL xf/]/ RofFv]bfp yfk]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og dg b'v]/ of] uhn n]v]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og

cfF;' laSb} las]g, xfF;f] l6Sb} l6s]g cfF;' emf/]/ xfF;f]sf] efp dfu]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og

dg 5f]lkg ;s]g, of}jg 5f]lkg ;s]g 5fofF 5f8]/ dfofsf] bfp/fv]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og

w .k h

PSnf] /ftn] ;tfpF5, ltd|f] ofbn] ;tfpF5 Aofh vf]h]/ of}jgsf] ;fpF yfd]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og

ltd|f] d':sfg ltd|f] jf0fL dnd x'g ;SYof] ;fGTjgf vf]h]/ d'6'sf] 3fp kfn]sf] x'Fb} xf]Og .

128 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

sf]xL dfG5] /fd x'G5 sf]xL dfG5] /fd x'G5, sf]xL lsg xg'dfg x'G5 < sf]xL dfG5] kTy/ x'G5, sf]xL lsg eujfg x'G5 <

lgwf/ p:t} 5, xftv'§f / cg'xf/ p:t} 5g\ sf]xL dfG5] bf; x'G5, sf]xL lsg dxfg\ x'G5 <

sf]xL klUnG5g\, sf]xL ;lNsG5g\ Ps}y/L dfG5]x¿ sf]xL dfG5] lxpF x'G5, sf]xL lsg clUg—;dfg x'G5 <

w .k h

lr/fs af]s]/ lx+8\5g\ sf]xL, sf]xL cf}+;L af]s]/ sf]xL dfG5] /ft x'G5, sf]xL lsg laxfg x'G5 <

sf]xL cdn]v x'G5g\, sf]xL cfkm}+ sl/of x'G5g\ sf]xL dfG5] ;flns x'G5, sf]xL lsg lrxfg x'G5 <

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 129

slxn] u/La;Fu e]6 x'G5 slxn] u/La;Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] slj;Fu e]6 x'G5 b'j};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5

slxn] cfF;';Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] e]6 x'G5 xfF;f];Fu b'a};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5

slxn] km"n;Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] e]6 x'G5 sfF8f;Fu b'a};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5

w .k h

slxn] cfuf];Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] e]6 x'G5 kfgL;Fu b'a};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5

slxn] ljho;Fu e]6 x'G5, slxn] e]6 x'G5 k/fho;Fu b'a};Fu e]6 ePsf] lbg b'a;';Fu e]6 x'G5 .

130 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

cª\s'z lj?4

dfG5] vf]Hb}5 dfgjtfnfO{ arfpg aGb"slj?4 alh|G5 cdn]v dg

cÍ'zlj?4 alh|G5 cdn]v dg lg/Í'zlj?4 alh|G5 cdn]v dg

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j'm/fsfgL M 8f=b'a;' If]qL;Fu

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dfG5]nfO{ :jtGq, lga{Gw / ;fj{ef}d agfpg] lbzfdf d]/f sljtfx¿h:t} d]/f uhnx¿ klg s]lGb|t /x]sf 5g\ —8f= b'a;' If]qL

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PSsfO{;f}F zbLsf] kf7ssf nflu ;flxTo Pp6f ;do sf6\g] ;fdu|L dfq geP/ uDeL/ 5nkmn / af}l4s ljdz{sf nflu klg xf] eGg] dfGotf /fVg] jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf /rgf / s[ltx¿df /x]sf] l;h{gfTds k|of]uwld{tf tyf hLjghut\‍sf] af]w / dfgjLo d"No ;DaGwdf lgtfGt df}lns lrGtg g} n]vssf ¿kdf pgsf] kl/ro xf] . dflg;sf] :jftGœo, p;sf] hLjgsf] :jfoQtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ;b\efj / ;xcl:tTj g} dfgjLo d"No x'g\ / k/:k/ ;Ddfg, ;xefj / dfgjtfs} cfwf/df j}olQms clwsf/x¿ cfhsf cfjZostf / eljiosf ckl/xfo{tf x'g\ eGg] Jofks pbfQ d"Noaf]w 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf /rgfx¿sf cGto{df s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] kfOG5 . Psn s]Gb|x¿ eTsfP/ ax'ns]Gb| lgdf{0f ug{,] zf;sLo ;Qf eTsfP/ dfgjLo :jtGqtfsf] z+v3f]if ug{,] wd{ / k/Dk/fsf gfddf dflg;dfly g} ;+sL0f{ aGwg lgdf{0f ul//x]sf ¿9Lx¿ eTsfP/ pbfQ / pbf/ pTyfgzLn ;dfh / kl/jt{gzLn ;+:s[ltdf gjLg ;'Gb/tfsf] lgdf{0f pgsf s[ltx¿sf] kIfw/tf xf] . pgsf] j}rfl/s kIfw/tf klg ToxL xf] . o; cy{df r]tgfsf] qmflGt / kl/jt{gsf pb\3f]ifs / ;+jfxs x'g\ 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf sfJos[lt . pgsf] kl/jt{g, ljsf; / r]tgfsf] qmflGtsf] cleofg ljZjaGw'Tj, dfgjLo 132 ÷ /rgf

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;Ddfg / :jtGqtf tyf ;fdflhs pbfQtf / ljZjzflGtsf kIfdf 5, ;lxi0f'tfsf kIfdf 5 . lx+;f, qf;bL, cft+s, aa{/tf / c;lxi0f'tf ;j{yf TofHo x'gfn] cfhsf] ;dfhsf nflu tL ;'xfpg] ljifo xf]Ogg\ . cfhsf] ;Eo ;dfhsf nflu k|d] , ;b\efj / :jtGqtf g} dfgjLo d"Nosf] lglj{sNk ;f/ xf] eGg] lgisif{ ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf 5g\ .

w .k h

dfgjLo d"Nosf b[li6n] ;a} dflg; ;dfg x'g\ / hflt, wd{, lnË, jf ;Dk|bfo s'g} klg axfgfdf x'g] e]befj dfgj ;d'bfos} nflu nHhfsf] ljifo xf] . of] ;dfh / ;Eotfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] dfgjLo efjgfsf] Ps pQd cjwf/0ff xf] . k|fs[lts ¿kdf g} ;a} dflg; ;dfg Ifdtf cle?lr / of]Uotf / :t/sf eg] x'Fb}gg\ . Tof] km/s s'/f xf] . ljljwtf aLr ;xsfo{ / ;b\efjs} nflu g} dfgjLo d"No / dfgjtfsf] efjgf cfjZos ePsf] xf] . ;dfhdf lgs} ;Lldt JolQmx¿ x'G5g\ h;sf] Ifdtf ;fdfGo eGbf cb\e't x'G5 . ljlzi6 x'G5 . Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08df ;dosf s'g}s'g} laGb'df ;dfhdf obfsbf s]xL ljnIf0f Ifdtf ePsf dflg;x¿ hGdG5g\ . To:tf b'n{e Ifdtf ePsf dflg;x¿ ;a}sf] x'g'kg{] hlt klxrfg ltgsf] ef}lts hLjgfjlwd} x'G5 eGg] x'Fb}g t/ ltgsf k|ltef / sd{sf glthf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf ;dfhnfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzf / ultdf cl3 a9\g k|]l/t ul//x]s} x'G5g\ . s'g} Ps ljifo, s'g} Ps ljwf / If]qdf ;kmn x'g' dflg;sf nflu ;fdfGo s'/f xf]nf t/ Ps} ;fy ;dfhsf cg]s cfofd / If]qdf b[i6fGt -cfOsg_ ag]/ pTsif{ l;h{gf ug{' ljnIf0f s'/f xf] . of] ;w}F eO/xg] / ;a}sf] j;df x'g] ljifo xf]Og . rlr{t uhnsf/, af}l4s slj, k|of]uwld{tfsf kof{o dxfsfJo ;h{s, ;of}Fsf pTk|]/0ffsf ;|f]t jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qL o:t} ljnIf0f JolQmTj / ;Ifdtfsf kl/rfos x'g\ . jl/i7 s"6gLlt1, a]nfotsf nflu k"j{ g]kfnL /fhb"t, ljZj/fhgLlt, ;d;fdlos k//fi6«–;DaGw / s"6gLlt ljifosf ljz]if1, wd{;+:s[lt / dfgj hLjg;DaGwL bz{gsf lrGts, cWo]tf tyf ljZjb[li6sf ;DaGwdf ;flxTodf rf}yf] cfofd l;4fGtsf k|0f]tf, dfgjtfjfbL cleoGtf, dfgj :jtGqtfsf kIfw/, af}l4s JolQmTj k"0ff{Í – !&%

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8f= If]qLn] g]kfnL ;flxTo dfq xf]Og, g]kfn /fi6«, g]kfnL ;dfh / ljZj dfgj ;d'bfos} nflu klg ug{'ePsf] of]ubfgsf cg]s kIf / kf6fx¿sf] cWoog, ljZn]if0f / d"NofÍg ;doqmddf x'Fb} hfg]5 .

w .k h

lj=;+= @)@# ;fn ;fpgdf ch{'gwf/f–!, dbgk'/, emfkfdf dftf >LdtL j;'Gw/fb]jL ;'j]bL / lktf k|hftGq ;]gfgL >L dfgaxfb'/ ;'j]bLsf 3/df hGdg'ePsf b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL g} cfh g]kfnsf] ;flxTohut\‍df bh{gf}F uDeL/ j}rfl/s / lrGtgo'Qm s[ltdfkm{t jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qL eg]/ rlr{t /x]sf JolQm x'g\ . t/ pgsf] of] ;kmntf To;} k|fKt ePsf] xf]Og, afNosfnb]lv g} cWoogdf clws ?lr;lxt kl/>d u/]sf d]wfjL 5fq ;'j]bLdf ;fwgf / cWoog ckl/ldt 5 . a]nfotsf] ln8\; ljZjljBfnoaf6 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ljifodf PdP, lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 hgk|zf;g ljifodf PdkLP / cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] k//fi6«gLlt / s"6gLlt ljifodf kLPr8L u/]sf 8f= b'a;' If]qLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljZjljBfno 6f]lsof], Go'of]s{ ljZjljBfno / Unf:uf] Sofn]8]lgog ljZjljBfno nufot ljZjsf ljleGg k|l;4 ljZjljBfnox¿af6 cg]s k|fl1s sf]if{x¿sf] cWoog k"/f ug{'ePsf] 5 . elgG5, kmn]sf] j[If hlxn] klg em's]s} x'G5 . pgsf] ljåQf / 1fgsf] km/flsnf] If]q / lj1tf, pgsf] ljgLt :jefj / Jojxf/x¿df klg lg/Gt/ k|s6 eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . g bDe g d}dQf . ;a};Fu ldhfl;nf] :jefjdf 1fgu'gsf s'/f ug{] pgsf] JolQmTj jf:tjd} cg's/0fLo 5 .

cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿ zLif{s sfJos[ltaf6 snfr]tgf / ljrf/ r]tgf b'as } f] Ps pTsif{ k|bfg u/]jfkt g]kfnsf] k|ltli7t ;femf k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug{e ' Psf jl/i7 ;flxTosf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf] csf{] k|of]uwdL{ dxfsfJo cjtf/ lj3l6t xg'dfg @)&& ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . ¿l9ut :yfkTox¿nfO{ JoUª\osf] k|xf/n] Wj:t kfb{} dfgjLo d"Nosf] Odf/t :yfkgf ug{] oL b'a} sfJo / cem a9L ;zQmtfsf lx;fan] kl5Nnf] dxfsfJo g]kfnL ;flxTodf Ps dfgs d"No :yflkt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;f] t pgsf bh{gf}+ s[ltx¿n] sf]xLeGbf sf]xL sd eg]em}F cfkm}lF ;t k|lt:kwf{ u/]em}F Pskl5 134 ÷ /rgf

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csf{] rfdTsfl/s k|efj lbPs} x'G5g\ . b'a;' If]qLsf k|f/lDes uhn r'krfk r'krfk -cl8of] uhn;ª\ux| _ sf]nfh dg, lga{Gw dg, cdn]v dg, cltl/Qm dg, / d h:t} ltdL klg h:tf uhn;ª\ux| x¿df k|d] , ;befj / dfgjtfsf] cflnËg km}nfpg] s'zn uhnsf/ 8f= If]qLn] cg]s ljwf / s[ltdf df}lnstfsf] gofF klxrfg agfPsf 5g\ . b'a;' If]qLsf k|f/lDes sljtf, b'a;' If]qLsf s]xL sljtf, nf]slk|o slj 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf lk|o sljtf -cl8of] a's_ / b'a;' If]qLsf gofF sljtf h:tf sljtf s[ltx¿sf dfWodn] pgn] sljtfsf] uDeL/tf / To;n] kf7sdf kfg{] k|efjzlQmsf] kl/ro lbPsf 5g\ . d'6' rf]g]{ cfFvfx¿, ltdLn] 5f8]sf ofbx¿, b"af];l/ /x/x¿, dfofjL k/]nLx¿ h:tf bh{gf}F uLtuhnsf s[ltx¿df kf]lvPsf] nflnTok"0f{ k|0fo efsf / xflb{stfsf] ;'sf]dn cfFrndf cGofolj/f]wL :jtGqtfr]t klg plQs} cgfj[t ePsf] kfOG5 .

w .k h

dflg;n] u/]sf sd{sf] d"NofÍg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf eO/x]s} x'G5 . 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ u/]/ pgnfO{ y'k|} k'/:sf/ / lje"if0f ;Ddfg k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . x'g'kg{] hlt eof] ePg, Tof] cs{} s'/f xf] . k'/:sf/ / ;DdfgeGbf kf7ssf] dfofnfO{ a9L dxQ\jk"0f{ dfGg] rlr{t ;flxTosf/ 8f= If]qLn] ;'k|an hg;]jf>L, ;femf k'/:sf/, g]kfn ljBfe"if0f ‘s’>]0fL, /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/, cflbslj efg'eQm k'/:sf/, o'jf df]tL k'/:sf/, dxfslj b]jsf]6f ;flxTo ;Ddfg, afns[i0f ;d ztfAbL ;flxTo ;Ddfg, Jolyt sfJo k'/:sf/ / uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn ;Ddfg nufot y'k|} k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pg} ljnIf0f k|ltefsf wgL :jgfdwGo ;flxTosf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qL;Fu pgsf af/] kf7sn] yfxf kfO g} /x]sf s'/fx¿ gbf]xf]¥ofO{ l;h{gj[lQsf] cGtMkIf vf]tNg] k|of;:j¿k ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5— !=

tkfO{+nfO{ n]vs agfpg ;a}eGbf a9L sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 < ;a}eGbf a9L d . d leq /x]sf] k|ltef . clg d afFr]sf] ;dfh, kl/j]z / d}n] b]v]ef]u]sf kl/l:yltx¿.

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kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

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rf/ bzseGbf a9L ;dob]lvsf] n]vgofqf pTsif{df k'lu;Sof] ls cfkm}+nfO{ cf]/fnf] nfu]em}+ nfU5 < hLjgdf klxnf] rf]l6 ;ft jif{sf] pd]/df ‘cfdf’ sljtf n]v]sf] lyPF . of] sljtf ‘cfdf’k|lt >4f, :g]x / ;dk{0f b]vfpg n]v]sf] lyPF . cfdfsf] jGbgf jf k|fy{gf lyof] Tof] .

lj=;+= @)#^ ;fn ;fpgdf t d]/f] ‘cfuf]sf] uLt’ eGg] sljtf g} k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . t]x| jif{s} pd]/df d}n] ‘;+qmflGt’ gfds ;flxlTos klqsf ;Dkfbg u/]sf] lyPF . ‘;+qmflGt’df g} ‘cfuf]sf] uLt’ k|sflzt ePsf] xf] .

w .k h

cfh d]/f] klxnf] /rgf k|sflzt ePsf] g} $@ jif{ k'lu;s]sf] 5 . d]/f] klxnf] /rgf 5flkFbf ghlGdPsf sltko sljn]vsx¿ cfh rlr{t ;flxTosf/ eO;s]sf 5g\ . d]/f /rgfx¿ g]kfnsf k|ltli7t / dfgs ;flxlTos kqklqsfx¿df k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ¿k/]vf, dw'ks{, zf/bf, efg', cleJolQm, /rgf, ;dli6, ul/df, ldld{/], n]vs, sljtf, j;'Gw/f, >Lhf, d~‍h'iff, ;fs'/f, lzjk'/L ;Gb]z, sf}lzsL, cGtb{[li6, cf/f]x0f, ;|i6f, ;dsfnLg ;flxTo / ;dsfnLg g]kfnL ;flxToh:tf g]kfnL ;flxTosf :jgfdwGo kqklqsfx¿df d]/f l;h{gfx¿ 5flkPsf 5g\ .

cfw'lgs g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Ps dfgs / ;Ddflgt ;flxlTos klqsf ‘¿k/]vf’sf] ;Nnfxsf/ / ;+of]hs eP/ sfd ug{] ;f}efUo klg dnfO{ k|fKt eof] . cfkm}+ ;Dkfbs eP/ ;dsfnLg g]kfnL ;flxTo -dfl;s_, j;'Gw/f -å}dfl;s_, dfg>L -q}dfl;s_, rf}yf] cfofd -rf}dfl;s_, g]kfn bk{0f / ;fs'/f -;fdlos ;Íng_ k|sfzg u/]+ . ;dsfnLg g]kfnL uhnh:tf] g]kfnL uhnsf] dfgs u|Gysf] ;Dkfbg u/]+ . dfgjflwsf/sf nflu g]kfnL sljtfh:tf] dxTjk"0f{ u|Gysf] ;Dkfbg ug{] cj;/ kfPF . ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf, ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtfsf] ¿kofqf, DofGdfnL g]kfnL sljtf, hfkfg]nL g]kfnL sljtf, / cd]l/sfnL g]kfnL sljtfh:tf

136 ÷ /rgf

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k"0ff{Í – !&%

k|ltlglw u|Gyx¿ ;Dkfbg ug{] dxTjk"0f{ cleef/f ;kmntfk"j{s jxg u/]+ . ;femf k|sfzgn] d]/f] l;h{gfofqfs} dxTjk"0f{ s[lt cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿ k|sfzg u‍¥of] h'g u|Gy lj=;+= @)^& ;fnsf] ;femf k'/:sf/åf/f ;Ddflgt klg ePsf] 5 .

;femf k'/:sf/sf cltl/Qm efg'eQm k'/:sf/, o'jfdf]tL k'/:sf/, dxfslj b]jsf]6f ztfAbL ;flxTo ;Ddfg, u'?k|;fb d}gfnL ztfAbL ;flxTo ;Ddfg, afns[i0f ;d ztfAbL ;flxTo ;Ddfg, efg'eQm cfrfo{ ztfAbL :j0f{ ;Ddfg, lqrGb| b]jsf]6f ;Ddfg, ul/df ;Ddfg k'/:sf/, xf/tL ;+:s[lt ;Ddfg, l;Dkn cf6\;{ ;Ddfg, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ;flxTo ;Ddfg, gful/s :j0f{ ;Ddfg / g]kfn ljBfe"if0f :j0f{kbsh:tf bh{gf}+ ;Ddfg, k'/:sf/ tyf kbsx¿ k|fKt ug{] ;f}efUo kfPF .

tkfO{+n] ;flxTodfkm{t\ ;dfhnfO{ s] lbg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] <

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o;/L kms{]/ x]bf{ ;f9] rf/ bzseGbf nfdf] d]/f] n]vshLjg ;kmn / ;fy{s /x]sf] d 7fGb5' . hLjgh:t} l;h{gf klg ofqf xf] . ofqfsf] ult ;w}+ p:t} rflx+ x'Fb}g . dnfO{ nfU5M d]/f] uGtJosf] lzv/ w]/} 6f9f 5}g . cyjf o;f] eg'F— n]vsLo ;kmntfsf] lzv/ d]/f] lglDt w]/} 6f9f 5}g . cf]/fnf] xf]Og, d psfnf]df 5' . lzv/lt/ 5', lzv/ ghLs 5' . ‘dfG5]’ g} d]/f] n]vgsf] cfwf/ / dfG5] / dfG5]sf] cl:tTj / ;Eotfsf] g}/Gto{ g} d]/f] n]vgsf] ceLi6 xf] . d]/f] n]vg dfG5]sf] :jtGqtf / ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] nflu xf] . dfG5]sf] :jtGqtf, :jfwLgtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / :jfledfgsf nflu zAbsf] påf]wg xf] d]/f] ;flxTo . lg/Í'ztf, aGwg, cFWof/f] / ;fF3'/f] lj?4 jf0fLsf] jh| xf] d]/f] ;flxTo . d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgLdfkm{t wd{, hflt, e"uf]n, /fhgLlt / k"FhLsf cfwf/df dfG5]—dfG5]aLr ;Ldfgf sf]g{' x'Fb}g eg]sf] 5' . d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgLdfkm{t\ dfG5]af6 efu]/ dfG5] sxL+

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 137

tkfO{+ b'a;' If]qLsf ¿kdf lrlgPkl5sf] hLjg t ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . tkfO{sf] afNosfn, s}zf]o{ / of}jgsf lbgx¿ s;/L lat]sf x'g\ <

klg k'Ug ;Sb}g, dfG5]af6 efu]/ dfG5] ‘dfG5]’ /xg ;Sb}g eGg] pb\‍3f]if u/]sf] 5' . d}n] d]/f] n]vgLdfkm{t o'4sf lj?4df, lx+;fsf lj?4df / dfG5]sf] cgl:tTjsf lj?4df zf:q3f]if u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] n]vg zflGtsf nflu, ;lxi0f'tfsf nflu, ;x—sd{ / ;x— ofqfsf nflu zAbsf] clGtd]Tyd\ xf] . d]/f] ;flxTo dfgjsf nflu, dfgj cl:tTj / dfgj ;Eotfsf] lg/Gt/tf / dfgj ljsf;sf nflu zAbsf] ;Daf]wg xf] . d]/f] ;flxTo dfG5]nfO{ cf:yf, cfbz{ / cfef;lxt v'nf / gLnf] cfsfzd'lg xl/of] wtL{df afFRg / xfF:g l;sfpg] zAbsf] ;Ddfg xf] .

d]/f] afNosfn c¿ y'k|} afnaflnsfx¿h:t} lat]sf] xf] . d}n] k|fylds sIffx¿ l;+xb]jL k|fylds ljBfno, >L zlgZr/] dfWolds ljBfno / >L zzL k|fylds ljBfno, abd6f/ u/]/ tLg j6f ljBfnox¿df k9]sf] x'F .

w .k h

afNosfndf d}n] u/La klg b]v]+ . Tof]eGbf klg emfkf / Onfd lhNnfsf] k|s[lt / ;+:s[lt d}n] ;fg} pd]/df b]v]+ .

s]6fs]6Lb]lv g} d c¿x¿eGbf cln leGg lyPF eg]/ cfdf eGg'x'G5 . v]NgeGbf n]Vg k9\gd} ?lr lyof] /] d]/f] . clg s;};Fu af]Ng g8/fpg] :jefj lyof] /] d]/f] . d]/f] lszf]/fj:yf emfkfdf lat]sf] xf] . d}n] sIff ;ft;Dd v'b'gfjf/Lsf] >L hgtf lgDg dfWolds ljBfnodf k9]+ . dfWolds txsf] lzIff d}n] >L zlgZr/] dfWolds ljBfnoaf6 xfl;n u/]sf] x'F . d}n] P;Pn;L k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{ u/]sf] x'F . ljBfno hLjgdf d Psbd} d]wfjL / d]xgtL ljBfyL{ lyPF . d sIffdf ;w}+ k|yd x'Gy]+ . ljBfnodf cfof]hgf x'g] ;flxlTos k|ltof]lutf,

138 ÷ /rgf

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k"0ff{Í – !&%

sljuf]i7L, xflh/Lhjfkm / jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfx¿df klg k|yd x'Gy]+ . ;fyLx¿n] klg k'/:sf/ kbsx¿ kfpmg\ eg]/ slxn]sfFxL ck|ltof]uL ¿kdf klg ;xefuL x'Gy]+ .

d]/f] x:tlnlk Psbd /fd|f] lyof] . cIf/x¿ ;fx|} /fd|f] n]Vy]+ . clg d sljtfTds z}nLdf, k|]dk"0f{ / efj's kqx¿ n]Vg l;kfn' lyPF . To;}n] d]/f y'k|} bf}+t/L ;fyLx¿n] dnfO{ k|]dkq n]Vg nufpFy] . k|]dkq n]lvlbP afkt\ k};f klg lbGy] . d}n] k|]dkq n]v]/ :s"n] hLjgdf y'k|} k};f sdfPsf] ;lDem+bf clxn] crDd nfU5 . o;/L ;fyLx¿sf k|]dkq n]Vg pgLx¿sf k|]ldsfx¿sf] hjfkm klg k9\g kfOGYof] . d}n] tL lszf]/ josf 5fqfx¿sf] efjgf, efjfj]z, :g]x / :g]xflzQm dgf]bzf cWoog ug{] cj;/ klg kfpFy]+ . Pp6} s]6fn] PseGbf a9L s]6Lx¿nfO{ klg k|]dkq n]Vbf /x]5g\ / Pp6} s]6Ln] PseGbf a9L s]6fx¿nfO{ k|]dkq n]Vbf /x]5g\ eGg] klg d}n] ToxL a]nf yfxf kfPF . To;f] t d :jod\n] klg cfkm"n] dg k/fPsL ;fyLnfO{ y'k|} k|]dkqx¿ n]v]sf] 5' . dnfO{ klg y'k|} s]6L;fyLx¿n] k|]dkq n]v]sf lyP .

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dnfO{ dg k/fpg] b'O{–tLg s]6L ;fyLx¿n] /utn] klg k|]dkq n]v]sf lyP . tL s]6L ;fyLx¿ dnfO{ pkxf/x¿ klg lbGy] . d;Fu ljjfx ug{ rfxG5' eGy] . Ps k6s b'O{ hgf s]6Lx¿n] ;Fu} a;]/ dnfO{ ;+o'Qm k|]dkq n]v]sf lyP . b'a} hgfn] Ps} k6s d;Fu ljjfx u/]/ ;Fu} 3/hd ug{ rfxG5f}+ eg]/ s;d vfP/ n]v]sf lyP . uf}td y/sf tL ;fyLx¿sf] clxn] ljjfx eP/ aRrfaRrL klg eO;s]sf 5g\ . d;Fu} P;Pn;L lbPsL Ps hgf afx'g hfltsL d]/L ;fyLn] P;Pn;L ;lsgf;fy xfdL efu]/ ljjfx u/f}+ / emfkfeGbf aflx/ lhNnfdf uP/ 3/hd u/f}+ eg]/ dl/xQ] u/]sL lyOg\ . ;f]x| jif{s} pd]/df ljjfx ug{] / 3/hd ug{] ;f]r pgdf s;/L cfof] eg]/ clxn] ;lDem+bf klg 5Ss k5{' . clxn] ljjfx gu/f}+, kl5 k9]/ hflu/ vfP/, kl/kSj ePkl5 ljjfx u/f}+nf eg]/

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 139

d}n] pgnfO{ s;/L ;Demfpg ;s]+ eg]/ ;lDem+bf d emg\ 5Ss k5{' . t/ P;Pn;L sf] kl/0ffd cfPs} jif{ pgsf] ljjfx eof] . d eg] ;'s'df/ ;kgfx¿ af]s]/ s'df/fj:yfdf sf7df8f}+ lx+8]+ .

g]kfnL ;flxTodf cfˆgf] of]ubfgsf] d"NofÍg ePsf] 7fGg'x'G5 <

d]/f] of}jgsf lbgx¿ eg] ;+3if{k"0f{ lyP . d ;q jif{sf] pd]/df pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+ plSnPsf] x'F . sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 d]/f] ;+3if{ z'¿ eof] . ;+3if{—cWoogdf pTs[i6 ljBfyL{ x'g, ;+3if{—;flxlTosx¿sf] eL8df :yflkt x'g, ;+3if{—hflu/ kfpg, ;+3if{—efOalxgLnfO{ k9fpg . To;}n] d]/f hjfgLsf lbgx¿ ;+3if{d} lat] . ;+3if{sf oL lbgx¿df dnfO{ k|]d ug{] ;do g} k|fKt ePg eGbf klg x'G5 . t/ v'zLsf] s'/f, d oL ;a} ;+3if{x¿df ;kmn ePF . zfob, To;}n] d b'a;' If]qLsf ¿kdf :yflkt x'g ;dy{ ePF .

w .k h

g]kfnL ;flxTodf j:t'ut d"NofÍgsf] k4lt g} 5}g eGbf klg x'G5 . ;dfnf]rsx¿ lrghfg, ;Dks{, cf:yf / nf]slk|otfsf] s;Ldf ;dfnf]rgf ub{5g\ . s[ltsf] j:t'ut / cy{ut d"NofÍg ug{] k4lt / ;f]rsf] ljsf; cem};Dd klg g]kfnL ;flxTodf kof{Kt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

oBlk d]/f] ;Gbe{df kf7sx¿sf] alnof] ;b\efj / ;dy{g /x]sf] 5 . d k'/:sf/ / ;DdfgeGbf kf7ssf] dfof / cfb/nfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ dfGb5' . ;dfnf]rseGbf klg kf7sx¿ uDeL/ / dLdf+;s 5g\ d]/f] n]vgsf] ;Gbe{df . To;f] t ;dfnf]rsx¿n] klg dg k/fPsf] / r'g]sf] yf]/} / efUodfgL n]vsdf d kb{5' . ;dsfnLg g]kfnL sljtf / uhnsf] cWoog / cjnf]sg ubf{ b'a;' If]qLsf] gfd / ;Gbe{ ;w}+ cfpg] u/]s} 5 . ;femf k|sfzgn] d]/f] a[xt\ cfsf/sf] sfJos[lt ‘cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿’ k|sfzg u/]/ ;femf k'/:sf/åf/f klg ;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgn] dnfO{ ‘8fo:kf]/fsf g]kfnL sljtfsf] cWoog’ ljifodf cg';Gwfg

140 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

u/L s[lt tof/ ug{ ljåj[lQ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+:s[lt dGqfnon] cflbslj efg'eQm :j0f{kbs k|bfg u‍¥of] . To;}u/L, g]kfn ;/sf/n] o'jfjif{ df]tL k'/:sf/åf/f ;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5 . hg:t/af6 gful/s :j0f{;Ddfg, xf/tL ;Ddfg, l;Dkn cf6{; ;Ddfg, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ;flxTo ;Ddfg / lqrGb| b]jsf]6f ;Ddfgh:tf bh{gf}+ ;Ddfg / k'/:sf/x¿ k|fKt u/]sf] 5' .

a]nfotsf] h]7f] ;flxlTos ;+Vof, g]kfnL ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\n] /ht dxf]T;j ljlzi6 ;Ddfg / kbs Pj+ DofGdf -adf{_ sf] g]kfnL snf s]Gb|n] cflbslj efg'eQm k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . DofGdf -adf{_ sf] DofGdfb]zLo uf]vf{ lxGb" wfld{s ;+3n] ‘adf{aGw'’ pkflwåf/f lje"lift u/]sf] 5 .

w .k h

d]/f l;h{gfx¿ ljBfno / ljZjljBfnosf kf7\oqmdx¿df ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . zf]wfyL{ >L ab|Lk|;fb 9sfnn] ‘b'a;' If]qLsf sljtfdf ldys’ zLif{sdf ljBfjfl/lw ul//xg' ePsf] 5 eg] ;'zLn /]UdLn] ‘;flxTosf/ b'a;' If]qLsf] hLjgL, JolQmTj / s[ltTj’ zLif{sdf g]kfnLdf :gftsf]Q/ txsf] zf]wsfo{ ug{' ePsf] 5 .

o;/L x]bf{, d]/f] ;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts / k|fl1s of]ubfgsf] dgUo d"NofÍg, cfb/ / sb/ ePsf] dnfO{ nfUb5 . Pp6} s'/frflxF d eGg rfxG5'M JolQmut ¿kdf hlt d]/f] sb/ ePsf] 5, s[ltut ¿kdf eg] x'g'kg{] hlt d"NofÍg / sb/ ePh:tf] nfu]sf] 5}g .

l;h{gfdf ljb|f]x, ljdlt / ljnf]d k|s6 ug{] tkfO{+ JolQmsf ¿kdf ;fx|} ljgd| / ljgLt b]lvg'x'G5 . dfG5]df olt ;fx|} ljgd|tf / ljgLtkg s]n] Nofpg] /x]5 < ‘cx+’ d leq klg 5 . t/ ‘cx+’ j}ej / kf]zfsh:tf] b]vfpg] s'/f xf]Og . lzi6tf, ljgd|tf / ;Ddfgh:tf s'/f ;+:sf/af6 klg cfpF5g\ xf]nf . d}n] ;fgf] pd]/b]lv ljBfno, dxfljBfno / ljZjljBfno;Dd /xFbf / y'k|} b]zx¿df nfdf] ;do;Dd a:bf

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 141

;+:sf/, ;Eotf / Jojxf/sf s'/fx¿ b]Vg / l;Sg klg kfPF . zfob oL s'/fx¿sf] k|efj dleq k/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . d cfˆgf] cf:yf, cfbz{, d"No / dfGotfdf ;Demf}tf ug{] dfG5] xf]Og . t/ Jojxf/df d Psbd ;/n, ;ÅboL / ljgd| 5' . d}n] ;fg}b]lv 7"nf] dfG5] aGg]eGbf c;n dfG5] aGg'k5{ eGg] l;s]+ . d c;n dfG5] aGg]lt/ ;w}+ nflu/x]sf] 5', cem} nflu/x]sf] 5' .

gful/s 8f= b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL / n]vs 8f= b'a;' If]qLaLr slxn]sfFxL o'4 x'G5 ls x'Fb}g <

d]/f] hLjgofqf klg Pp6f ;'Gb/ l;h{gfh:tf] 5 . Pp6f lstfjh:tf] v'nf lstfj h:tf] . csf{]lt/ d]/f l;h{gfx¿n] klg dleqsf cf:yf, cfef / cfuf]nfO{ g} aflx/ lgsfn]sf x'g\ . d]/f] ;+3if{k"0f{ hLjgsf] DofUdf ;flxTosf] nfef eP/ aflx/ k|s6 ePsf] xf] eGg] nfUb5 dnfO{ .

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8f= b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL g]kfnsf] gful/s xf], pm g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pRr txsf] sd{rf/L klg xf] . gful/ssf ¿kdf p;n] b]zsf] ;+ljwfg, P]gsfg"g / lgodx¿ kfngf ub{5 . hflu/]sf ¿kdf 8f= b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL x/]s lbg bz ah]b]lv kfFr ah];Dd 3'Dg] s';L{df a:5 . pm ;]tf] bf}/f;'?jfndf sfnf] 6f]kL / u|] sf]6 nufpF5 . pm cfkm"eGbf dflysfsf] cf1fkfng ub{5 / cfkm"eGbf d'lgsfnfO{ cfb]z ub{5 . t/ n]vs 8f= b'a;' If]qL gful/s klg xf]Og, hflu/] klg xf]Og . pm Pp6f :jtGq, lga{Gw / ;fj{ef}d dfG5] xf] / To;eGbf klg dfly pm Pp6f n]vs / af}l4s JolQm xf]. Pp6f n]vs ePsfn] b'a;' If]qL cFWof/f], c:jtGqtf / cTofrf/ ;xg ;Sb}g . n]vssf ¿kdf pm aGb"ssf lj?4df af]N5 / n]V5 . gful/ssf ¿kdf p;n] aGb"s klg ;dfpg' k5{ . n]vssf ¿kdf b'a;' If]qL ;To vf]H5, gful/ssf ¿kdf b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL

142 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;Qf vf]H5 . gful/ssf ¿kdf b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL If]qL P]g sfg"g / k/Dk/f kfngf ug{'k5{ eG5 . n]vssf ¿kdf b'a;' If]qL P]g sfg"g / k/Dk/f tf]8\g' k5{ eG5 .

tkfO{+sf] ;flxlTos JolQmTjnfO{ ;/sf/L JolQmTjn] sltsf] cf]em]ndf kf/]sf] 5 <

Ps hgf xftdf gful/stf af]s]/ plePsf] 5, csf{] xftdf snd af]s]/ . b'a} dleq afFr]sf 5g\ . b'a} xfF;]sf 5g\ . d}n] b'a} JolQmTjnfO{ arfP/ /fv]sf] 5' . oL b'O{aLr clxn];Dd 7"nf] dgd'6fj ePsf] 5}g . oL b'O{aLr o'4 eO;s]sf] 5}g . oL b'O{aLr o'4 eof] dg] zfob d xf5{' xf]nf . t/ d xfg{ rfxGgF, slxNo} klg, sxL+ klg, s;}l;t klg xfg{ rfxGgF .

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;/sf/L hflu/n] kb, ;'ljwf / ;fdflhs cfj/0f lbFbf] /x]5 . sfnf] sf]6 nufP/ sfnf] uf8Ldf r9]sf] ;a}n] b]Vb5g\ . t/ n]vs ePsf] 5/l5d]sLn] klg yfxf kfpFb}gg\ . d ;/sf/L sd{rf/L eP klg efUodfgL lsg 5' eg] k//fi6« ;]jfsf] sd{rf/Ln] b]zljb]z hfg], ljb]zL ldq/fi6«x¿df /x]sf g]kfnL s"6g}lts lgof]ux¿df ;]jf ug{] cj;/ kfpg] 7fpFdf 5' . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s"6gLlt1sf ¿kdf hfkfg, ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf, adf{ / ax/fOgh:tf d'n'sdf a;]+ . a]nfoth:tf] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] bf}To ;DaGw ePsf] dxŒjk"0f{ /fi6«sf nflu g]kfnL /fhb"t eP/ ;f9] rf/ jif{ ;]jf ug{] ;f}efUo kfPF . o;sf cltl/Qm ljZjsf krf;eGbf a9L d'n'sx¿ 3'Dg kfPF . tL d'n'sx¿sf ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / ;Eotf b]Vg / a'em\g kfPF . tL d'n'sx¿sf k|l;4 n]vs, ;flxTosf/, k|fWofks / bfz{lgsx¿;Fu e]6\g] / ;+jfb ug{] cj;/ kfPF . To;}n], d]/f] ;/sf/L hflu/n] d]/f] cWoog / n]vg sd{nfO{ d2t g} u/]sf] 5 . csf{]lt/ /fi6«sf] Pp6f :yflkt ;flxTosf/ ePsf] x'Fbf clkm;df klg ;fyLefOx¿n] OHht / cfb/sf] b[li6n] x]g{'x'G5 . d]/f] clkm;df ;a} ;'lzlIft / ;Eo ldqx¿ g} x'g' ePsf] x'Fbf n]vs /

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 143

;flxTosf/x¿k|lt ;Ddfgsf] efj /x]sf] kfpF5' . To;}n,] d]/f] ;flxlTos JolQmTjn] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmTjnfO{ cem} pFrf] agfpg d2t u/]sf] 5 eg] d]/f] sd{rf/L JolQmTjn] klg d]/f] ;flxlTos JolQmTjnfO{ plhNofpg / km}nfpg emg} d2t u/]sf] 5 . (=

tkfO{+leq ;flxlTos / hflu/] JolQmTj cGtlglx{t /x]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ JolQmTjaLr s;/L ;Gt'ng sfod ul//xg' ePsf] 5 < oL b'O{ JolQmTjaLr slxNo} åGå ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <

xf], dleq b'O{ j6f JolQmTjx¿ cGtlg{lxt /x]sf 5g\ Ps gful/s JolQmTj / csf{] ;|i6f JolQmTj . gful/s JolQmTjsf cfwf/df d /fhb"t, jfl0fHob"t, lzi6frf/ dxfkfn, lgb{]zs cflb kbx¿df a;]+ x'Fnf . clxn] klg ;/sf/L hflu/sf] ku/L u'lt/x]s} 5' . o; kbn] lbPsf] clwsf/ / st{Jo klg OdfGbf/Lk"j{s / ;kmntfk"j{s jxg u/]sf] 5' . csf{]lt/ dleq ;|i6f JolQmTj klg 5 h;nfO{ ;flxTo, ;ËLt / snfk|lt cg'/fu klg 5, ckgTj / cfb/ klg 5.

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oL b'O{ JolQmTjaLr d}n] ;w}+ g} ;Gt'ng / ;dGjo ul//x]sf] 5' . dleqsf b'j} JolQmTj ;kmn / ;an /x]sf 5g\ . dflg;x¿ dnfO{ b]v]/ k|zf;s / ;h{s JolQmTjleq s;/L ;Gt'ng sfod ul//x]sf] 5 eg]/ 5Ss kb{5g\ . t/ d}n] of] ;Gt'ng /fv]sf] 5', ;dosf] Joj:yfkg klg u/]sf] 5' . d To;}n] ;kmn klg ePsf] 5' . zfob To;}n] d b'a;' If]qL ePsf] 5' .

!)= tkfO{+ n]vg ofqfsf] b'O{ bzs gf3]kl5 cln a9L af}l4s / lSni6 aGg yfNg' ePsf] xf] < af}l4s x'g' / lSni6 x'g' km/s km/s s'/f x'g\ . d af}l4s klg ePF / lSni6 klg ePF eg]sf] ;'Gbf cgf}7f] klg nfU5 . t/ klg ;dfnf]rsx¿n] / sltko af}l4s kf7sx¿n] krf;sf] bzssf] pQ/f4{df cfOk'Ubf d]/f] n]vgdf cln a9L af}l4stf / k|fof]lustfn] 144 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

rfk]sf] xf] eg]s} x'g\ . To;f] t @)%^ ;fndf ;flxTodf rf}yf] cfofdsf] gofF cjwf/0ff 3f]if0ff ubf{ g} d}n] cfˆgf] gofF ;f]r / ;+/rgf k|:tfj u/]sf] x'F . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfG5] / p;n] ef]lu/x]sf] hLjg / 6]ls/x]sf] hut\ d]/f] n]vgsf] cfwf/ x'g] x'bF f p;n] ef]lu/x]sf] hLjg / lhhLljiffsf] hl6ntf d]/f] n]vgdf k|ltljlDjt x'G5 eg] To;nfO{ c:jfefljs dfGg' klg x'bF g } . d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgdf af}l4stfsf] k|of]u u/]sf] 5' . k"jL{o / kfZrfTo ldys / k|tLsx¿nfO{ gofF ;f]r / ;Gbe{df k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5' . d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgdfkm{t ;flxTodf s]xL k'g lgdf{0f / s]xL gjlgdf{0f klg u/]sf] 5'.

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;flxTodf bz{gsf] k|of]u ubf{, ;flxTodf a'l4sf] k|of]u ubf{ / ;flxTodf ck/Dkl/t dfGotfx¿ k|If]lkt ubf{ d}n] n]v]sf] ;flxTo af}l4s / lSni6 x'G5 eg] Tof] d]/f] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf]Og . t/ cfhsf] n]vs, PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] n]vs rflxF u'?h:tf] k9fO/xg], l;sfO/xg] / PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] kf7s rflxF l;sf? lzio em}+ ;'?;'? ;'lg/xg], v'?v'? kl9/xg] ub{}g . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] kf7s klg n]vs;Fu} pleG5, n]vs;Fu} ;Djfb u5{ / n]vs;Fu} ts{ ub{5 eGg] d ;f]Rb5' . To;}n], uDeL/ af}l4s kf7ssf nflu d]/f] ;flxTo klg dgf]/~hg / Pp6f ;do sf6\g] ;fdu|L geP/ uDeL/ 5nkmn / ljdz{sf nflu af}l4s v'/fs klg xf] / x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf d ;r]t / b[9 5' . n]vssf ¿kdf d cfkm}+ klg, n]lv/xFbf cfkm"leq d}n] Pp6f ;r]t, uDeL/ / af}l4s kf7snfO{ cfb/ / :g]xk"j{s 5fld/x]sf] x'G5' .

!!= ;flxTosf k'/fgf :yfkTox¿ eTsfpg] lg0f{odf s;/L k'Ug' eof] tkfO{+ < cu|h ;flxlTos k':tfx¿n] vg]sf] af6f] lx+8\b} ubf{ g} d}n] gofF af6f] vGg] / lx+8\g] ljrf/ u/]sf] x'F . t/ k'vf{n], cu|hn] / k'/fgfx¿n] lx+8\g] k'/fgf] 3'dfp/f] af6f] lx+8]/ dfq PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] uGtJo gk'lug] /x]5 eGg] a'em]kl5 d}n] cfkm" lx+8\g] af6f] cfkm}+ vGg] k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 145

lg0f{odf k'u]sf] x'F . cfkm}+n] gofF af6f] vGb} ubf{ s]xL k'/fgf / ;fF3'/f 3'DtL / df]8x¿ eTsfpg' kg{] /x]5 . o; qmddf d}n] s]xL k'/fgf :yfkTox¿ eTsfpg' k‍¥of] . s]xL k'/fgf s]Gb|x¿, Psn s]Gb|x¿ eTsfpg' k‍¥of] . vf;df d Psn s]Gb| jf Psn gfossf ljkIfdf plePsf] n]vs x'F . ax's]Gb|x¿, ax'gfosx¿sf] lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf plePsf] n]vs x'F . t/ k'/fgf :yfkTox¿ eTsfpFb} ubf{ d}n] :yflkt ;+/rgfx¿sf /fd|f s'/fx¿ klg hf]ufpg] ljrf/ u/]+ . To;}n] d lj:yflkt ;+/rgfx¿ k'glgdf{0f ug{] lbzfdf nfu]+ .

x'g t gofF s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ k'/fgf s]Gb|x¿ eTsfpg} kg{] /x]5 . ax'n s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ Psn s]Gb|x¿ eTsfpg} kg{] /x]5 .

o;/L n]vg ofqfsf] dWolt/ cfOk'Ubf d k/Dkl/t n]vgsf lj?4df plePF . o;/L ple+bf :jfefljs ¿kdf d c?eGbf gofF klg b]lvP x'Fnf, c¿eGbf cnu klg b]lvPF x'Fnf, c¿eGbf k[ys\ klg cjZo b]lvPF x'Fnf .

w .k h

Pp6f s'/frflx+ d :ki6 kf5{', d}n] n]vgdf gofF s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ub{}ubf{ k'/fgf s]Gb|x¿ eTsfpg cfjZos eP, / d}n] hf]lvd df]n]/ tL k'/fgf :yfkTox¿ eTsfPF . d}n] n]vgdf ax'n s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu Psn s]Gb|x¿dfly k|xf/ ug{ cfjZos eof] / d}n] b':;fx; u/]/ tL Psn s]Gb|x¿ eTsfPF . oBlk c¿eGbf cnu / gofF aGg] k|oTg ubf{ d}n] cfˆgf] df}lnstf / j}lzi6onfO{ klg hf]ufPF . d}n] k"jL{o / kfZrfTo bz{g / ldysx¿sf] aLraf6 Pp6f gofF dfu{ sf]g{] k|oTg u/]+ . d}n] ;flxTodf gofF s]Gb|x¿, ax'n s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ug{'sf ;fy} cfˆgf l;h{gfdf ax'njfbL cf:yfsf] OGb|]gL lgdf{0f ug{] k|oTg klg u/]+ . o;/L cl3 a9\bf k'/fgf ;f]rx¿ 9Ng k'u] xf]nfg\, k'/fgf :yfkTox¿ eTsg k'u] xf]nfg\, k'/fgf s]Gb|x¿ Wj:t eP xf]nfg\ . o;nfO{ s;}s;}n] b'a;' If]qLsf] af}l4s ;fx; klg eg] . s;}s;}n] b'a;' If]qLsf] af}l4s b':;fx; klg eg] .

146 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

!@= s] elgG5 eg] sljtfdf k|of]uzLntf b'a;' If]qLsf] k|ltef / Ifdtfsf] kl/rfos klg xf] / ‘cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿’ / ‘cjtf/ lj3l6t xg'dfg’ To;}sf pQd pbfx/0f / k|df0f klg x'g\ . n]vgdf af}l4stf / k|of]usf] cfjZostf lsg cln a9L g} dx;"; ug{x' G' 5 tkfO{+ <

w .k h

kfZrfTo ;flxTo, ljz]ifu/L c+u|]hL / k|m]~r ;flxTosf] uDeL/ cWoog u/]sf] x'Fbf d]/f] n]vgdf kfZrfTo n]vg k/Dk/fsf] cln a9L g} 5fk k/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . t/ d k"jL{o bz{g, lrGtg / ;flxTo dfgj ;Eotfs} Pp6f ;d[4 / zfZjt ljsf;qmd dfGb5' . x/]s o'udf lrGtgdf, bz{gdf, n]vgdf gofFgofF k|of]ux¿ eP/ cfPs} x'g\ . xfd|f]df klg n]vgfy kf}8\ofnx¿n] :t'lt / ehg, k|s[lt / uLlt sljtfx¿ n]lv/xFbf uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn, df]xg sf]O/fnf, O{Zj/jNne / j}/fuL sfOFnfx¿n] gofF k|of]u ub{} gofF hf]lvd p7fPs} x'g\ . u'?k|;fb d}gfnLx¿n] cfbz{ / k/Dk/fsf syfx¿ n]lv/xFbf ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn ‘uf]7fn]’ , OGb|axfb'/ /fO{ / w|'jrGb| uf}tdx¿n] gofF k|of]u ub{} gofF af6f] vg]s} x'g\ . eLdlglw ltjf/L / ab/Lgfy e§/fO{n] j0f{g / JofVofsf lgaGwx¿ n]lv/xFbf z+s/ nfld5fg], tf/fgfy zdf{ / s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfgx¿n] gofF k|of]u ub{} gofF z}nL /f]h]s} x'g\ . ‍

clxn] b'a;' If]qL;Dd cfOk'Ubf cfw'lgs af6f]n] dfq k'u]g, pQ/ cfw'lgs dfu{ g} rflxg] eof] . b'a;' If]qLnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf k'/fgf / hL0f{ :yfkTox¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{'k¥of] . s]xL :yfkTox¿ eTsfP/ gjlgdf{0f ug{'k¥of]. Hofs 8]l/8fn] ;f7Lsf] bzsdf eg]h:tf] 7\ofSs} ljlgdf{0f ug{]lt/ b'a;' If]qL nfu]g . p;n] eTs]sf :yfgdf k'glg{df{0f ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] / sfd gnfUg] hux¿ eTsfP/ s]xL gjlgdf{0f klg ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] . Pp6f s]Gb|, Pp6} cf:yf, Pp6} :yfkTo dfGg] n]vs d xf]Og . d ax's]Gb|, ax'n cf:yf / ax':yfkTox¿sf] kIfw/ n]vs x'F . o;/L n]vgdf ax's]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f ub{} hfFbf, n]vgdf gjlgdf{0f / k'glg{df{0f ub{}

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 147

hfFbf, n]vgdf gofF d"No / dfGotf :yflkt ub{} hfFbf d cln a9L af}l4s / k|of]uwdL{ b]lvPF eg] To;nfO{ c:jfefljs dfGg' klg x'Fb}g . xfdLn] ;w}+ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, afns[i0f ;d / n]vgfy kf}8\ofnx¿n] vg]sf] uf]/]6f] lx+8]/ dfq k'Ub}g lyof] . xfdLn] cem} ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, ejfgL leIf' / uf]ljGbaxfb'/ dNn ‘uf]7fn]’x¿n] vg]sf] af6f] lx+8]/ klg k'Ub}g lyof] . cem kl5 cfP/ df]xg sf]O/fnf, j}/fuL sfOFnf / O{Zj/ jNnex¿n] lrNofPsf] af6f] lx+8]/ dfq k'Ub}g lyof] . OGb|axfb'/ /fO{, w|'jrGb| uf}td / kfl/hftx¿n] ;DofPsf] af6f] lx+8]/ dfq klg k'Ub}g lyof] . To;}n] d}n] ;fx; u/]/ gofF af6f] vGg ;'¿ u/]sf] x'F . oxLqmddf g} ;flxTodf rf}yf] cfofdsf] gofF l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] x'F .

!#= tkfO{+ cfˆgf l;h{gfx¿df cTolws ldyssf] k|of]u lsg ug{' x'G5 <

w .k h

otf kf}/T:o hut\‍df klg / ptf kfZrfTo hut\‍df klg syf, k/Lsyf / k'/fsyfx¿ 5g\, k/Dk/f / lsDjbGtLx¿ 5g\ . b'a}lt/ k'/f0fx¿ 5g\ / Oltxf; klg 5 . oL ;a} syf / k'/fsyfx¿n], k/Dk/f / lsDabGtLx¿n] clg k'/f0f / Oltxf;x¿n] eg]sf s'/f / eGg] s'/f klg hLjg / hut\‍s} x'g\ .

d}n] cfˆgf] n]vgdf ldyssf] dgUo k|of]u u/]sf] 5' . ldyssf] k|of]u ubf{ d}n] k"j{ / klZrdnfO{ b'an } fO{ 5f]Psf] 5', 5fd]sf] 5' / krfPsf] 5' . o;/L cflbdfgjb]lv cyf{t\ dfgj;Eotfsf] cflbd o'ub]lv cfhsf] o'u;Dd cyf{t\ cfw'lgsf]Q/ o'u;Dd cfOk'Ubf xfdLleq hLjg / hut\‍;DaGwL oL syf / k'/fsyfx¿sf cfBljDjx¿n] xfdLnfO{ 5f8\bg } g\ . ltgsf] rfk / 5fk xfdLleq st} g st} 5g\, /xG5g\ . d}n] cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿ n]Vbf klg / ev{/} k|sflzt cjtf/ lj3l6t xg'dfg n]Vbf klg xfdLleq cyf{t\ dflg;leq /x]sf] oxL cfB¿k / To;df cGtlg{lxt cfBljDjx¿sf] rfk / 5fknfO{ l6k]/ jt{dfg hLjg / hutd\‍ f dflg;n] ef]lu/x]sf] ljeLlifsf, lj;Ëlt, ljs[lt, a]lylt / lj8Djgfx¿dfly k|xf/ u/]sf] 5' .

148 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

xfdL cfw'lgs o'udf 5f}+, cem egf}+ pQ/cfw'lgs o'udf 5f}+ . To;}n] xfdLn] gofF klg n]Vg' k/]sf] 5 / k'/fgfeGbf cAan klg n]Vg' k/]sf] 5 . / xfdLleq ;'if'Kt r]tgfdf PsLe"t / 3gLe"t eP/ a;]sf cfB¿ksf] ldysLo lsl/ªld/ªsf aLr cfhsf] dfG5]n] 6]ls/x]sf] w"ldn / sfnf] hut\ / afFlr/x]sf], ef]lu/x]sf] hl6n / sl7g hLjg klg n]Vg' kl//x]sf] 5 .

dnfO{ nfU5 dfG5]sf nflu oxL wtL{ cnsfk'/L klg xf] / s'?If]q klg xf] . oxL wtL{ s}nf; klg xf] / s]na/L klg xf] . oxL wtL{ n'lDjgL klg xf] / h]?;n]d klg xf] . oxL wtL{ a]lanf]g klg xf] / a]gufhL klg xf] .

d eG5'— oxL hLjg / hut\‍nfO{ ;|f]t dfg]/, ;Gbe{ dfg]/ xfdLn] n]Vg] xf] . xfdLn] km]l/ klg j]b, afOan, k'/f0f / s'/fg n]Vg] xf]Og . t/ ltgdf 6]s]/ gofF lrGtg, gofF k|of]u, gofF wf/0ff / gofF wf/f lgdf{0f ug{] xf] . oL / o:t} s'/fx¿dfly ax; / ljdz{ ub{} hfFbf d}n] rf}yf] cfofdsf] gofF af6f] vGg sDd/ s;]sf] x'F .

w .k h

!$= s;}n] O{Zj/sf] d[To'sf] 3f]if0ff u/], s;}n] n]vssf] d[To'sf] . tkfO{ s] sf] 3f]if0ff ug{' x'G5 <

hd{g bfz{lgs k|m8] l/s lgT;]n] ‘u6\ Oi6\ 66\’cyf{t ‘u8\ Oh 8]8’\ eGb} cfhsf] ;dodf O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj 5}g eg] . lgT;]n] ‘u8\ Oh 8]8’\ dfq eg]sf 5}gg\ ‘u8\ l/d]G;\ 8]8’\ ;d]t eg]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfheGbf !$) jif{ cl3, ;g\ !**@ d} O{Zj/sf] d[To'sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . k|m]~r ;flxTosf/ /f]nfF afy{n] ;g\ !(^& df ‘nf df]6\ {8]nfFt'’ cyf{t\ ‘b 8]y ckm lb cy/’ n]v]sf x'g\ . jf:tjdf afy{ k/Dk/fjfbL n]vg, ljz]ifu/L k/Dk/fjfbL ;dfnf]rgf n]vgsf] ljkIfdf plePsf lyP . pgn] o;/L n]vssf] d[To'sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . t/ d ‘d[To'’sf] 3f]if0ff ulb{g . d 3f]if0ff u5{'— dfG5] afFr]sf], dfG5] afFr]/ xfF;]sf] / dfG5] xfF;]/ afFr]sf] . clg 3f]if0ff u5{'—

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 149

dfG5]x¿sf dfemdf cfkm" afFr]sf], afFr]/ xfF;]sf] / xfF;]/ afFr]sf] . !%= PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] n]vssf] ;Í6 s] xf] eGg] nfU5 tkfO{+nfO{ < dfG5] qmdzM oGq aGb} hfg' / dfG5]dfly oGq / oGq0ffx¿sf] k|efj a9\b} hfg' PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] n]vssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Í6 xf] .

dfG5]af6 OdfGbfl/tf x/fpFb} hfg', dfG5]af6 g}ltstf nf]k x'Fb} hfg' / dfG5]af6 ;lxi0f'tf vl:sFb} hfg' cfhsf] n]vssf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Í6 xf] . dfG5]af6 dfgjtf elTsFb} uO/x]sf] 5, dfG5]af6 dfG5] gfl;Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . cfhsf] n]vssf] nflu of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . dfG5] leqaf6 dfG5]Tj x/fpFb} hfg', dfG5] x/fpFb} hfg' / dfG5]sf] a:tLaf6 dfG5]x¿ x/fpFb} hfg' PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] n]vssf nflu csf{] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] .

w .k h

dfG5]leq dfG5]Tjsf] vf]hL ug{', dfG5]leq dfG5] k'glg{df{0f ug{' / dfG5]sf] a:tLdf dfG5]x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg ug{' PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] n]vssf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . dfG5]sf] d"No, dfGotf / cl:tTj;lxt dfG5]sf] ;EotfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' cfhsf] n]vssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bfloTj xf] . !^= cfhsf] n]vs cln a9L Jofj;flos ePsf] xf] <

k7g ;+:s[lt a9]sf] xf] . k':tssf] ahf/Ls/0f / k|rf/ a9]sf] xf] . n]vseGbf klg k|sfzsx¿, k|sfzg ;+:yfx¿ cln a9L Jofj;flos ePsf x'g\ . cfh ljB'tLo ;~hfnsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/n] kf7sx¿ uDeL/ / af}l4s s[ltsf] k7geGbf dgf]/~hgfTds, 5f]6f], l56f] / dL7f ;flxlTos v'/fsx¿lt/ cfslif{t eO/x]sf 5g\ . Pp6f af}l4s / uDeL/ n]vssf nflu of] 7"nf] r'gf}lt xf] . kf7sx¿sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof clxn] 6]lnlehg, sDKo'6/, Nofa6k, cfO{Kof8 / df]afOndf /dfO/xFbf ljB'tLo ;~‍hfnsf] hfnf]leq PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] af}l4s n]vssf] uDeL/ ;flxlTos l;h{gf

150 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

pTvgg ug{ g;lsg] u/L ut{df efl:;g] qfz k}bf eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ o;f] elg/xFbf klg cfhsf] g]kfnL n]vs lxhf]sf] n]vseGbf afFRg ;Sg] ePsf] rflx+ ;To xf] . afFr]/ n]Vg ;Sg] ePsf] ;To xf] . cfhsf] g]kfnL n]vsn] ;dfhdf d n]vs x'F eGg ;s]sf] 5 . n]vssf ¿kdf klg ;dfhn], /fi6«n] sb/ / cfb/ kfpg] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . of] ;'vb\ / pHofnf] kIf xf] .

t/ n]v]/} afFRg ;Sg] cj:yf rflx+ g]kfndf clxn];Dd alg;s]sf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . cf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg] n]vsx¿afx]s ;flxlTos n]vsx¿ n]v]/ afFRg ;Sg] cj:yfdf cem} 5}gg\ .

!&= tkfO{+n] k|ltkfbg ug{'ePsf] rf}yf] cfofdsf] l;4fGtsf af/]df s]xL k|sfz kfl/lbg' x'G5 ls <

w .k h

rf}yf] cfofdsf] l;4fGtsf] 3f]if0ff d}n] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] klxnf] lbg cyf{t O{ZjL ;g\ @))) sf] hgj/L ! -kf}if !^, @)%#_ df u/]sf] x'F . t/ O{ZjL ;g\ !(*^ b]lv g} d}n] rf}yf] cfofdsf] bz{gdfly dGyg ul//x]sf] lyPF . ;g\ !(($ df cfw'lgs cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ txsf] cWoog ug{ ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf] nL8\; ljZjljBfnodf k'u]kl5 d}n] cfkm"leq cfEoGtl/s cWoog / dGyg ul//x]sf] rf}yf] cfofdsf] wf/0ffnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] s;/t u/]+ . d}n] P]lR5s ljifo ‘Unf]anfOh];g’sf] zf]wkqdf cfˆgf] rf}yf] cfofdsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ leq\ofPF . rf}yf] cfofdsf] 3f]if0ff eg] g]kfnsf tLg k|l;4 b}lgs klqsfx¿ uf]/vfkq, g]kfnL ;dfrf/kq / lxdfno 6fOD;dfkm{t u/]+ . tLg} j6f klqsfdf rf}yf] cfofd;DaGwL d]/f] ljrf/;lxtsf n]v k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . ;;{tL{ x]bf{ rf}yf] cfofdsf] l;4fGt ;flxTo;Fu dfq ;DalGwt b]lvPsf] 5 . t/ of] l;4fGt ;flxTosf ;fy;fy} cy{zf:q, /fhgLltzf:q, s"6gLltzf:q, lzIffzf:q, dfgjzf:q, ;dfhzf:q,

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 151

/ bz{gzf:qdf ;d]t gofF wf/0ff / bz{g;lxt plePsf] 5 . vf;df eGg] xf] eg] rf}yf] cfofdsf] l;4fGt dfgj ;Eotf, dfgjcl:tTj / dfgjhfltsf] g}/Gto{sf nflu k|ltkflbt Pp6f gofF d"No / dfGotf xf] . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfgj / dfgjsf] cl:tTjdf cfOkg{] r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;fdgf / ;Daf]wg ug{] Pp6f gofF b[li6 / sf]0f;lxtsf] b[li6sf]0f xf] .

w .k h

cfhsf] ljZj Pp6} u|fd alg;s]sf] 5, ljZju|fd -Unf]an len]h_ eO;s]sf] 5 . ljZj g} Pp6f u|fdsf ¿kdf ljsl;t x'Fb} ubf{ dflg;—dflg;jLr /x]sf] ef}uf]lns, /fhg}lts, cfly{s, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts ;Ldfgfx¿ elTsG5g\ / ljZj Pp6f ;LdfxLg ;dfh -af]8{/n]; ;f];fO6L_ sf ¿kdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ rf}yf] cfofdn] k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5 . dfG5]nfO{ p;n] klx/]sf hftLo, ;f+:s[lts, /fhg}lts, cfly{s / gful/stfsf cfj/0fx¿ km'sfn]/ lga{Gw, :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d agfpg' kb{5 eGg] l;4fGt rf}yf] cfofdn] cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . casf] ljZjdf /fi6«sf ;Ldfx¿ d]l6+b}, /fli6«o /fHosf k/Dk/fut dfGotfx¿ elTsb}+ hfG5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ rf}yf] cfofdn] cËLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .

rf}yf] cfofdsf] cjwf/0ffsf] d"n :tDesf ¿kdf e"JoflKtjfb, ;fj{ef}d dfgjjfb, lga{Gwtfjfb / cGtlge{/tfjfb /x]sf 5g\ . ;flxTodf cfpFbf klg o; cjwf/0ffn] l;4fGtsf rf/ cfofd, ljrf/sf rf/ cfofd, ;Dk|]if0fsf rf/ cfofd / ;+/rgfsf rf/ cfofd k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . x/]s ljifonfO{ rf/ cfofdaf6 x]l/g] x'gfn] o; l;4fGtsf] gfd ‘rf}yf] cfofd’ h'/fPsf] x'F .

!*= rf}yf] cfofdsf] ;}4flGts cGtj{:t'af/] s'/f ug{ rfxG5' . tkfO{+n] rf}yf] cfofdsf] klxnf] j}rfl/s cfofddf g} e"JoflKtjfbsf] s'/f ug{' ePsf] 5 . s] /fhgLlts ;Ldf/lxt, ;fdflhs ljefhg/lxt ljZj dfgj ;d'bfosf] sNkgf ug{' ePsf] xf] < ‘rf}yf] cfofd’sf] cjwf/0ff ;flxTodf dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] 5}g . 152 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

‘rf}yf] cfofd’sf] gofF l;4fGt 3f]if0ff ubf{ ;flxTosf ;fy;fy} /fhgLltzf:q, cy{zf:q, bz{gzf:q, dfgjzf:q, ;dfhzf:q, s"6gLltzf:q / lzIffzf:qx¿df klg gofF cjwf/0ffx¿ k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5' .

tkfO{+sf] k|Zg ;flxTodf rf}yf] cfofdsf] cjwf/0ffdf dfq s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . oBlk, rf}yf] cfofdsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ub{}ubf{ d}n] hLjg / hut\‍nfO{ g} s]Gb|df /fv]sf] x'F . t/ hLjg / hut\‍nfO{ zf:qLo 9fFrfaf6 cyf{t\ cfbz{jfbL jf gLltjfbL jf pkb]zjfbL w/ftnaf6 geO{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfG5]n] 6]ls/x]sf] tftf] / /ftf] wtL{ / PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfG5]n] ef]lu/x]sf] sl7g / hl6n hLjgnfO{ gofF sf]0f / b[li6sf]0faf6 x]g{] k|oTg u/]sf] 5' .

w .k h

rf}yf] cfofdsf rf/ k|d'v cfofdx¿dWo] Ps k|d'v cfofd ‘;flxTodf e"JoflKtjfb’ xf] . e"JoflKtjfbn] /fi6«—/fHosf wf/0ffx¿, /fi6«—/fHosf ;Ldfgfx¿ :jLsf/ ub{}g . dfG5]nfO{ e"uf]nn] / e"uf]nsf ;Ldfgfx¿n] 5]Sg ;Sb}gg\ / 5]Sg klg x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotfsf] hudf e"JoflKtjfbsf] wf/0ff plePsf] 5 / e"JoflKtjfbsf] hudf ‘rf}yf] cfofd’cl8Psf] 5 .

PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] dfG5]n] s'g} klg s'/fsf] ;Ldfgf :jLsf/ ub{}g / :jLsf/ ug{' x'Fb}g eGg] l;4fGt e"JoflKtjfbsf] cfwf/lznf xf] . o;df e"uf]nsf] dfq xf]Og, /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;Ldfgfx¿ klg /xg ;Sb}gg\ / /xg' x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotfsf] hudf rf}yf] cfofd plePsf] 5 . To;}n], ‘;LdfxLgtf’ rf}yf] cfofdsf] Ps k|d'v / cfwf/e"t l;4fGt xf] . af]8{/n]; cyf{t ;LdfxLg ljZjsf], ljZju|fd -Unf]jn len]h_ sf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 dfG5] lga{Gw, :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d x'G5 eGg] rf}yf] cfofdsf] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . d dfgjjfbsf] kIfdf 5', cem :ki6 eGg' kbf{ ;fj{ef}d dfgjjfbsf] kIfdf 5' . o;/L ;LdfxLg

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 153

ljZjsf] / lje]b/lxt dfgj ;dfhsf] vfsf rf}yf] cfofdsf] dfWodaf6 sf]l//xFbf hftLo cfwf/df, gZ‍nLo klxrfgsf cfwf/df jf ;f+:s[lts, ;fDk|bflos, eflifs /fi6«—/fHosf ;Ldfgfx¿n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf /fi6« jf /fHox¿sf] cl:tTj rf}yf] cfofdn] :jLsf/ ub{}g . !(= ;flxTodf /fhgLlts ;Qf / ;du| cfl:tlTjs ;Qf s'g a9L dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 < rf}yf] cfoflds l;4fGtsf] bfz{lgs ;Gbe{df k|]d / /fhgLltsf] :yfg s] xf] <

‘rf}yf] cfofd’ sf] cfwf/ / ceLi6 klg dfG5]sf] :jtGqtf, lga{Gwtf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf g} xf] . rf}yf] cfofdn] dfG5]sf] ‘cl:tTj’ / dfG5]sf] ‘;Eotf’ sf] g}/Gto{sf kIfdf pEofPsf] 5 . dfG5]sf] ‘cl:tTj’ / ‘;Eotf’sf] cljlR5Ggtfsf nflu dfG5]df k|]d, dfG5]— dfG5]df k|]d / dfG5] / kz'df k|]d, clg dfG5] / k|s[ltdf klg k|]d cyf{t\ ;DaGw / ;Djfb x'G5 / x'g' k5{ eg]sf] 5 .

w .k h

rf}yf] cfofdn] n]vs :jo+nfO{ ‘;Qf’ dfg]sf] 5 . To;f] t rf}yf] cfofdn] ‘;Qf’ sf] s'/fdf rf;f] klg /fv]sf] 5–b'j} ;QfM O{Zj/Lo ;Qf klg / /fhg}lts ;Qf klg . rf}yf] cfofdn] ;f+;fl/s k|]dnfO{ Tolt dxTj lbPsf] 5}g . dfG5]sf] zlQm eg] klg, cfzlQm eg] klg dfgjsf] :jtGqtf, lga{Gwtf / ;fj{ef}d;Qfdf x'G5 / x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotf rf}yf] cfofdsf] /x]sf] 5 . rf}yf] cfofdn] k|]d / /fhgLltsf] s'/f zLif{ txdf NofP/ ;flxTo xflb{stf / af}l4stfsf] aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5 . ;flxTo cWofTd / lj1fgsf] aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5 . ;flxTo O{Zj/Lotf / lg/LZj/Lotfsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5 . rf}yf] cfofdn] ;flxTo ;To / ;Qfsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5 .

@)= ;flxTo s]sf nflu eGg] ;f]Rg'x'G5 tkfO{+ < ;flxTo s]sf nflu eGg] ljifo klg Oltxf;b]lv g} ax;sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ;flxTosf] d"n p2]Zo cfgGb / lzIff k|flKt xf] eGg] 154 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

s'/fdf k"jL{o / kfZrfTo ;flxTozf:qLx¿ ;xdt b]lvG5g\ . t/ ;flxTosf] d'Vo k|of]hg cfgGb xf] ls lzIff eGg] ax; klg k"j{ / klZrd b'a}lt/ grn]sf] xf]Og . e/td'lgn] ;flxTon] cfgGb, wd{, sLlt{, cfo' / a'l4 k|bfg ug{] sfo{ ub{5 eg]sf 5g\ . efdxn] … wdf{yÚ sfd df]If]if' j}nIf0o+ snf;' r . s/f]lt k|Llt sLlt{ r ;fw'sfJo lgaGwd\ eGb} ;flxToaf6 wd{, cy{, sfd / df]If k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . jfdgn] sfJosf] b[i6 k|of]hg ‘cfgGb’ / cb[i6 k|of]hg ‘sLlt{’ xf] eGg] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . dDd6n] …sfJoÚ oz;]y{s[t] Jojxf/ljb] lzj]t/Ifto] . ;BM k/ljj{[to] sfGtf;lDdttof]kb]zo'h] eg]/ ;flxTosf sLlt{, wgnfe, Jofjxfl/s 1fg, cgy{lgjf/0f, cfgGbfe"lt / sfGtf;lDdt pkb]z u/L 5 j6f k|of]hg atfPsf 5g\ .

csf{l] t/ snf / ;flxTonfO{ Joj;fo, lzIff / cGo Jofjxfl/s If]qdf ;Lldt u/]/ kl/efiff ug{' snf / ;flxTosf] cjd"Nog xf] eGg] wf/0ff klg kfZrfTo hut\‍df gp7]sf] xf]Og . To;}n] o'/f]kn ] L n]vs snfsf/x¿n] ‘snf snfsf nflu’eg]/ pb\3f]if klg u/]sf x'g\ .

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;flxTodf rf}yf] cfofdsf] cjwf/0ff 3f]if0ff ub{} d}n] ;flxTonfO{ dfG5]sf nflu x'gk' b{5 eg]/ eg]sf] 5' . dfG5]sf] lga{Gwtf, :jtGqtf / ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf nflu ;flxTo n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5' . d}n] dfG5]sf] cl:tTjsf] ;+/If0f, dfG5]sf] cl:tTjsf] lg/Gt/tf / dfG5]sf] ;Eotfsf] ;Dj4{gsf nflu ;flxTo n]lvg'k5{ eg]sf] 5' .

@!= ca s'/fsfgLsf] pQ/f4{df cfOk'Ubf hut\, hLjg / ;flxTosf af/]df tkfO{sf dfGotfx¿af/] k'gM ;+If]k / ;f/df hfGg rfxG5' . k|frLg ;dob]lv g} dfgj ;dfhn] hLjg ef]ufOsf qmddf cfOkg{] cg]s ;d:ofx¿;Fu h'Wg] qmddf hLjg / hut\‍;DaGwL r]tgf / lrGtg ;'¿ u/]sf] xf] . dfgjn] cfˆgf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg] / ;Eotf lgdf{0f ug{] qmddf g} hLjg / hut\‍;DaGwL bz{gsf] cfljef{j ePsf] b]lvG5 . k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 155

;Eotfsf] lem;ld;]b]lv g} dflg;n] cfkm"n] b]v]sf] hut\ / ef]u]sf] hLjgsf af/]df ;f]Rg / ;+Zn]if0f ug{ yfn]sf] xf] . dflg;n] of] hut\ / hLjg cfkm}+ ;~rflnt 5g\ ls s;}n] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf 3f]lTng yfn]sf] klg jiff{}+ eof] .

o; qmddf b'O{ y/L lrGtgx¿ b]vfk/] . klxnf] y/Lsf bfz{lgsx¿ hLjg / hut\ ;~rfng ug{] s'g} cb[Zo / cnf}lss zlQm 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug{]x¿ 5g\ eg] hLjg / hut\ ;~rfng ug{] s'g} c1ft, cb[Zo / cnf}lss zlQm 5}g / x'Fb}g k|s[ltleq g} hLjg / hut\‍sf sfo{x¿ :jrflnt ¿kdf ;~rfng x'G5g\ eGg] bf];|f] y/L ljrf/sx¿ b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .

d}n] rflx+ bz{gsf] k|fb'ef{j b'O{ y/Lsf lrGtsx¿af6 ePsf] xf] eg]sf] 5' . cfFvf lrDn]/ hLjg / hut\ ;f]Rg]x¿ Ps y/L bfz{lgsx¿ 5g\ eg] cfFvf vf]n]/ hLjg / hut\ ;f]Rg]x¿ bf];|f] y/L bfz{lgsx¿ 5g\ .

k|frLg o'ub]lv cfh;Dd klg dfgjhfltn] hut\ b]Vg] / hLjg ef]Ug] qmddf g} bz{gsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; x'Fb} cfPsf] xf] .

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hLjg / huts \‍ f ;DaGwdf k"jL{o / kfZrfTo bz{gn] cnu t/Lsfn] JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 . k"jL{o bz{gdf hLjg / hut\‍af/] lrGtg x'g yfn]sf] CUj]bsf] cfljef{j ePb]lv g} xf] . j]b—;+lxtf, k'/f0f, :d[lt / gLltzf:qx¿n] kf}/T:o bz{gnfO{ ljsl;t / ;d[4 agfpFb} nu]sf x'g\ . t/ kfZrfTo bz{geGbf kf}/T:o bz{g h]7f] / k'/fgf] xf] . kf}/T:o bz{g k/Dk/fsf] ;'bL3{ / ;d[4 Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 . cfo{x¿n] lxGb's'z lxdfnoaf6 k"j{tkm{ k|:yfg / a;f]af; ug{ yfn]sf] O{zfk"j{ tLg xhf/ kfFr ;o jif{cl3b]lv xf] . df]xghf]bf8f] / x/Kkfdf cfOk/]sf] ljgfz / ljklQkl5 cfo{x¿ k"jL{ kxf8lt/ knfog ePsf x'g\ . oBlk k"jL{o bz{g k/Dk/f eg] O{zfk"j{ Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o jif{b]lv dflgPsf] 5 .

156 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

k"jL{o bz{gsf] k|f/De O{zfk"j{ ;ftf}+ ztfAbLlt/ ePsf] dflgG5 . k"jL{o lrGtg k/Dk/fdf cfl:ts / gfl:ts u/L b'O{ y/L bz{gx¿ pTkGg eP .

kfZrfTo bz{g k/Dk/fsf] cfljef{j u|L;df ePsf] xf] . o'gfgLx¿n] O{zfk"j{ ^)) b]lv hLjg / hut\‍sf] ljifodf lrGtg ug{ yfn]sf x'g\ . kf}/T:o lrGtg k/Dk/fsf bfz{lgsx¿n] h:t} o'gfgL bfz{lgsx¿n] klg hut\ lgdf{0f / hLjg ;~rfng ug{] ‘tTj’jf ‘;|i6f’sf] vf]hL u/] . Kn]6f], ;f]qm]6; / Pl/i6f]6nh:tf bfz{lgsx¿n] kfZrfTo lrGtg k/Dk/fsf] hu vg]sf x'g\ . kl5 cfP/ /]g] 8]sf6{, lxu]n, l:kgf]hf, nfOalgh, Odfo'gPn sfG6, P8d08 as / sfn{ dfS;{h:tf lrGtsx¿n] hLjg / hut\‍sf ljleGg cfofdx¿af/] lrGtg / rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ .

w .k h

kfZrfTo lrGtg k/Dk/fdf klg O{Zj/jfbL / ef}ltsjfbL b'O{ leGg dtx¿ b]vfk/]sf x'g\ . cWofTdaf6 ;Tosf] ghLs k'luG5 eGg]x¿ / a'l4af6 ;Tosf] ghLs k'luG5 eGg] b'O{ y/L dtx¿ k"jL{o lrGtg k/Dk/fdf em}+ kfZrfTo lrGtg k/Dk/fdf klg df}nfPsf] kfOG5 .

o;/L x]bf{ jfNdLlsb]lv af]bn]o/;Dd / sflnbf;b]lv sfˆsf;Dd, 8flj{gb]lv 8]l/8f;Dd / Pl/i6f]6nb]lv cfOG:6fOg;Dd ;a} bfz{lgs / lrGtsx¿n] hLjg / hut\‍s} af/]df ;f]r]sf x'g\ . j]bb]lv afOan;Dd / uLtfb]lv lql k6s;Dd / k'/f0fb]lv s'/fg;Dd klg hLjg / hut\‍s} JofVof / ljdz{df km}lnPsf 5g\ . rf}yf] cfofdsf] gofF l;4fGtsf] 3f]if0ff ub{} To;}n] d}n] dWodfuL{ af6f] lx+8\g] lg0f{o u/]sf] x'F . d}n] k"jL{o / kfZrfTo lrGtg k/Dk/fsf dfemaf6 hLjg / hutsf] JofVof ug{' kb{5 eg]sf] 5' . d}n] kf}/T:o / kfZrfTo bz{gsf] k'glg{df{0f ub{} gofF lrGtg k|ltkfbg ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] x'F . d}n] rf}yf] cfofdsf] gofF l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ub{} ubf{ O{Zj/Lotf / lg/LZj/Lotfsf aLraf6 lx+8\g'

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 157

kb{5 eGg] pb\3f]if u/]+ . dfgj hfltn] ;To / ;Qfsf aLraf6 lx+8\g' kb{5 eg]/ JofVof u/]+ . @@= ;flxTodf ljrf/sf] :yfg / e"ldsf s] x'G5 < ;flxTon] j/0f ug{'kg{] d"No s] xf] < rf}yf] cfofdn] ;flxTodf ljrf/nfO{ s:tf] :yfg / e"ldsf lbPsf] 5 <

k"jL{o hut\‍df ‘lxt]g ;lxt+ t:o efj’ cyf{t\ lxto'Qm efj g} ;flxTo xf] eg]/ elgPsf] kfOG5 . To;f] t k"jL{o ;flxTo l;4fGtdf ‘zAbfy{of]M ;lxt t:o efj ;flxTod\’ eg]/ ;flxTodf zAb / cy{sf] ;xefj x'G5 / x'g'k5{ eGg] JofVof ul/Psf] klg kfOG5 .

w .k h

k"jL{o ;flxTo k/Dk/fdf sltkon] ;flxTonfO{ zAbsf] rdTsf/ eg]sf 5g\ eg] sltkon] ;flxTonfO{ cy{sf] rdTsf/ klg dfg]sf 5g\ . t/ efdxn] zAb / cy{ b'a}sf] ;xsfo{ / ;xefjdf hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . To;f] t ‘jfSo+ /;fTds+ sfJod\’ cyf{t\ ‘/;fTds jfSo g} sfJo xf]’ eg]/ ljZjgfyn] eg]sf 5g\ . csf{]lt/ dDd6n] ‘cbf]iff} zAbfyf{} ;u'0ffjgnª\‍s[tf} k'gM Sjflk’cyf{t\ ‘cb'i6 zAbfy{ sfJo xf]’eGg] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . huGgfyn] /d0fLofy{ k|ltkfbsM zAbM sfJod\ cyf{t\ ‘/d0fLo cy{ lbg ;Sg] zAb sfJo xf]’eg]/ JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .

kf}/T:o ;flxTozf:qLx¿n] sljn]vsnfO{ ;i6f / b|i6f b'a} dfg]sf 5g\ . sljn]vsdf ;|i6f cyf{t\ ;h{s JolQmTj t x'g} kb{5 t/ sljn]vsn] hLjg / hut\‍sf ;"Id kIfx¿sf] uxg cWoog, cjnf]sg / ;dLIf0f u/L l;h{gfsf ¿kdf cleJoQm ug{] x'gfn] sljn]vsnfO{ k"jL{o hut\‍df b|i6f klg elgPsf] kfOG5 . e§tf}tn] ‘k|1f gjgjf]Gd]a zflngL k|ltefdtf’ cyf{t\ ‘lgTo gjLg s'/f k|sflzt k|ikm'l6t ug{] k|1f g} k|ltef xf]’eg]sf 5g\ eg] clegj u'Ktn] ‘ck"j{ j:t' lgdf{0fIfdtf k|1fk|ltef’cyf{t\ ‘ck"j{ j:t' lgdf{0f ug{] Ifdtf g} k|ltef xf]’eg]/ JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . /fhz]v/n] k|ltefs} dfWodaf6 zAb, cy{, cnÍf/ / plQm

158 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;f}Gbo{nufot cGo sfJo;fdu|L sljn]vssf Åbodf cGte{'Qm ug{] zlQm / ;|f]t k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

kfZrfTo hut\‍df ;flxTosf ljifoj:t'sf af/] Kn]6f] / Pl/i6f]6nsf] o'ub]lv g} ax; z'¿ ePsf] xf] . Kn]6f]n] cfˆgf] k|d'v s[lt ‘b l/klAns’ sf] bzf}+ cWofodf sljtfdf g}ltstf / pkof]lutf x'g'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff JoQm u/] . Kn]6f]n] ‘s]jn ljrf/x¿ g} ;To x'g\’ eg]sf 5g\ . pgn] ‘;Tosf] jf:tljs :j¿k g} ljrf/ xf] / of] j:t'hut\ oxL ljrf/sf] k|ltljDa jf cg's/0f dfq xf]’ eg]sf 5g\ .

Pl/i6f]6nn] ‘kf]Pl6S;’df, l;;]/f]n] ‘8L cf]/]6f]/’ / xf]/];;n] ‘cf;{ kf]Pl6S;’ df ;flxTosf, ljz]ifu/L sfJosf ljifoj:t'sf af/]df JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .

kfZrfTo ;flxTodf b]vfk/]sf y'k|} jfb / wf/fsf k|jQ{sx¿n] ;flxTosf ljifoj:t'x¿sf af/]sf ljleGg wf/0ffx¿ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

w .k h

k|yd ljZjo'4sf] nuQ}kl5 lgdf{0fjfb wf/fsf ONof ;]lNjG:sL / e]/fOGj/x¿n] ;flxTodf >dsf] ljifoj:t' cGtlg{lx[t x'g'kb{5 eg]/ cfjfh p7fP .

lqZtfg hf/f, xfG; cfk{, Xo'uf] an / l/r8{ Xo'n ;]gj]sn] k/Dk/f / cfbz{sf d"Nox¿ eTsfpg' k5{ eg]/ pleP . logLx¿ bfbfjfbL eg]/ lrlgP . bfbfjfbsf] k|fb'ef{jcl3 g} O{ZjLsf] !()% df lkmlnKof] dfl/g]6Ln] k/Dk/fjfbL / h8;"qjfbL n]vgsf] cGTosf] cfXjfg ul/;s]sf lyP . To;f] t ;g\ !*$% d} k|mfG;]nL n]vs hL= 8L= nfe8{G6n] ‘cfefFufb{]’ zAbsf] k|of]u ub{} ;flxTo / snfdf gofF ljrf/ / gofF ljifosf] ckl/xfo{tfsf] pb\3f]if u/]sf lyP . ;flxTodf Snfl;l;Hd cyf{t\ zf:qLotfjfbsf] rrf{ w]/}

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 159

klxn]b]lv ePsf] xf] . o;nfO{ kl/isf/jfb klg elgPsf] kfOG5 . ‘Snfl;l;Hd’df klg ‘lqmK6/ Snfl;S;’ / ‘lqmK6/ k|f]ln6f]l/o;’ eGg] b'O{ y/L dtx¿ b]vfk/] . ‘lqmK6/ Snfl;S;’ df clehfTo ju{sf nflu ;flxTo n]lvg'kb{5 eg]/ 3f]if0ff ul/of] eg] ‘lqmK6/ k|f]ln6f]l/o;’ df ;flxTo ;j{xf/fju{sf lglDt n]lvg' kb{5 elgof] .

;qf}+ / c7f/f}+ ztfAbLsf] aLrdf ‘Snfl;l;Hd’ nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt / k'gM k|lt:yflkt u/fpg] cleofg a]nfot / k|mfG;df eof] . o;nfO{ ‘lgcf] Snfl;l;Hd’ elgof] . g]kfnL / lxGbLdf gj—zf:qLotfjfb / gj—kl/isf/jfb eg]/ lrgfOof] .

;g\ !^%$ df a]nfotdf k|of]u ePsf] ‘/f]dflG6s’ zAb ;g\ !^&% lt/ k|mfG;df klg k|j]z u‍¥of] . ;g\ !&&& df k|l;4 k|mfG;]nL lrGts hfF Hofs ?;f]n] ‘/f]dflG6s’ zAbnfO{ ljlzi6 cy{df k|of]u u/] . To;sf] PSsfO{; jif{kl5 ;g\ !&(* df ‘/f]dflG6s’ zAbnfO{ k|mfG;]nL Ps]8]dLn] cflwsfl/stf k|bfg u‍¥of] .

w .k h

o;/L ;f]x|f}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTo / ;qf}+ ztfAbLsf] cf/Delt/ cª\u|]hL / k|mfG;]nL ;flxTodf ts{ / a'l4sf] k|of]u ePsf ;flxTosf ljkIf / sNkgf / efjfj]u ;dflxt ;flxTosf kIfdf ‘/f]dflG6l;Hd’ plePsf] kfOG5 .

‘l/olni6’ cyf{t\ ‘oyfy{jfbL wf/fsf ;flxTosf/x¿n] ef}ltsjfbL hut\nfO{ g} jf:tljs dfg]sf] kfOG5 . oyfy{jfbn] cnf}lss / OlGb|oftLt s'/fx¿nfO{ OGsf/ ub{5 . ‘;To’ oyfy{jfbL lrGtsx¿sf] klg ljifo xf] . t/ logLx¿ lg/k]If ;TonfO{ dfGb}gg\ . oyfy{jfbLx¿ ‘;To’ b]zsfn ;fk]If x'G5 eGg] dfGb5g\ . O{zfsf] pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{df cfOk'Ubf k|mfG;df Pldn hf]nfFsf] g]t[Tjdf k|s[tjfbL ;flxTosf] cjwf/0ffsf] k|ltkfbg eof] . rfN;{ 8fla{gsf] ljsf;jfbL wf/0ffaf6 k|efljt k|s[tjfbL wf/fdf afNhfs, zfF ˆn]/L / hh{ d'/h:tf ;flxTosf/x¿n] k|s[tjfbL wf/0ffnfO{ cl3 a9fP .

160 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;flxTodf ef}lts kbfy{sf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;jf{]kl/ dfGb} j:t' ;Todf ljZjf; /fVg] k|ultjfbL wf/f klg ;flxTosf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ wf/f dflgG5 . d"ntM sfn{ dfS;{sf] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb -8fon]lS6sn d]6]l/lnHd_ df cfwfl/t k|ultjfbL wf/f ef}ltsjfbL bz{gdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] kfOG5 .

;flxTodf cln kl5 cfP/ ‘;l/olnHd’ sf] wf/0ff klg k|efjzfnL ¿kdf b]vfk‍¥of] . g]kfnL / lxGbLdf o;nfO{ ‘cltoyfy{jfbL wf/f’ klg elgG5 . cjr]tg dgsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ ;flxTo / snfsf] cleJolQmsf] ljifoj:t' agfpg' kb{5 eGg] cjwf/0ff cltoyfy{jfbn] leq\ofPsf] xf] . k|mfG;]nL n]vs cfGb|] a|]tf]n] bfbfjfbL wf/fs} hudf pleP/ cltoyfy{jfbL wf/fsf] aLhf/f]k0f u/]sf x'g\ . dnfd{] / l/Daf]h:tf k|mfG;]nL sljx¿df klg cltoyfy{jfbsf] k|efj :ki6 b]Vg ;lsG5 .

w .k h

lrqsnfdf cfPsf] ‘So'laHd’ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] hudf pleP/ ;flxTodf 3gTjjfbL wf/f klg b]vfk‍¥of] . k|mfG;]nL snfsf/ ;]hfgn] jqm /]vfx¿nfO{ sf]l0fs ¿k lbPsf lrqx¿sf dfWodaf6 snfdf 3gTjsf] JofVof u/] . o;}sf] hudf ;flxTodf 3gTjjfbL wf/fsf] pbo ePsf] xf] . kl5 uP/ :k]gsf kfAnf] lksf;f]n] 3gTjjfbL wf/fnfO{ cem cl3 a9fP . ;]hfg / lksf;f]nfO{ hh{ a|fs, km/gfg n]u], cfNa/ lUnh, hfF d]lThË] / cfGb|] n]gf]h:tf snfsf/x¿n] klg ;fy lbP . snfdf cfPsf] 3gTjjfbL wf/fsf] ‘zlQm g} ;f}Gbo{ xf]’ / ‘;/n /]vf jqm /]vfeGbf k|efjzfnL x'G5’ eGg] cjwf/0ff kfZrfTo ;flxTodf klg lelqof] . ‘j:t'sf] ¿keGbf j:t'sf s0fx¿ k|d'v x'G5g\’ eGg] 3gTjjfbL snfwf/0ffn] kfZrfTo ;flxTodf klg :yfg kfpg yfNof] . To;f] t hLjgdf ‘lj;Ëlt’ cyf{t\ ‘PA;l8{6L’ g} d'Vo s'/f xf] eGg] dfGotfn] klg ;flxTodf 7"nf] k|efj kf‍¥of] . aL;f}+ ztfAbLdf

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 161

b]vfk/]sf] lj;Ëltjfbn] hLjghut\‍sf] lg:;f/tf, lg/y{stf / Joy{tfsf] JofVof ub{5g\ . lj;ËltjfbLx¿ cfˆgf l;h{gfsf] hl6ntf, b'af{]Wotf / c:ki6tfnfO{ hLjg / hut\‍sf] hl6ntf, b'jf{]Wotf / c:ki6tf dfGb5g\ . :ofd'Pn a]s]6, Oof]g]:s], a6f{]N6 a|]Vt, hfF kn ;fq{ tyf cNa6{ sfd" lj;Ëlt wf/fsf k|d'v ;flxTosf/x¿ x'g\ .

lj;ËltjfbLx¿sf] 6\‍8sf/f] lj/f]w ub{} dfG5]n] hLjglt/ / hLjgsf] cy{ / d"No vf]Hglt/ nfUg'kb{5 eGg] cfXjfg ub{} kfZrfTo ;flxTodf cl:tTjjfbL wf/fsf] pbo eof] . cl:tTjjfbL wf/fsf] pbodf 8]gdfs{sf bfz{lgs ;f]/]g lss{]uf8sf] k|d'v of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . cl:tTjjfbL wf/fsf] ljsf;df ljlnod l8Ny, k|m]GT; a|]G6fgf], P8d08 x';{]n / dfl6{g xfO8]u/sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . To;f] t cl:tTjjfbsf] ljsf;df k|mfG;]nL ;flxTosf hfF kn ;fq{sf] klg dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5 .

w .k h

;flxTodf kf}/T:o / kfZrfTo ;flxTosf] uxg cWoog ul/;s]kl5 d}n] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;flxTo n]vgdf oL jfb / l;4fGtx¿ ckof{Kt 5g\ eGg] cg'ej u/]+ . To;}n] d}n] ;g\ @))) sf] hgj/L ! sf lbg ‘rf}yf] cfofd’ gfds gofF l;4fGtsf] 3f]if0ff u/]+ . rf}yf] cfofddf d}n] ;flxTosf l;4fGtsf d'Vo rf/ cfofdx¿ k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5'M != @= #= $=

;flxTodf e"JoflKtjfb, ;flxTodf ;fj{ef}d dfgjjfb, ;flxTodf ;Dk"0f{ hLjgjfb, / ;flxTodf lga{Gwtfjfb .

To;}u/L, rf}yf] cfofddf d}n] ljrf/sf rf/ d'Vo cfofdx¿ k|ltkfbg u/]sf] 5'M !=

;flxTo xflb{stf / af}l4stfsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ .

162 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;flxTo cWofTd / lj1fgsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ .

;flxTo ;To / ;Qfsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ .

;flxTo O{Zj/Lotf / lg/LZj/Lotfsf aLraf6 n]lvg'k5{ .

@#= ljb]zdf a:g] 8fo:kf]/fsf g]kfnLx¿df ;flxlTos df]x s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 < g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/f ;flxTonfO{ s;/L x]g{' ePsf] 5 < jf:tjdf cfk|jf;L g]kfnLx¿åf/f /lrt l;h{gf ;a} 8fo:kf]l/s ;flxTos} bfo/fdf k5{g\ <

g]kfnLx¿ k|jfl;g yfn]sf] bzsf}+ eO;s]sf] eP tfklg :yfoL ¿kdf a;f]af; ug{] u/L g]kfnLx¿ k/b]lzPsf] O{Z‍jLsf] gAa]sf] bzsb]lv dfq xf] . of] tLg bzsdf ljZjsf ;oeGbf a9L d'n'sx¿df g]kfnLx¿ k'lu;s]sf 5g\ / s'g} g s'g} sd{ jf k]zfdf cfa4 eP/ hLjgofkg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljZjsf y'k|} d'n'sx¿df g]kfnLx¿sf] :yfoL a;f]af; x'g yfn]sf] 5 / ToxfF g]kfnLx¿ ;+ul7t klg x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . oxL qmddf g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/fsf] klg lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 .

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g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/fsf] lgdf{0f;Fu} g]kfnLx¿df cfˆgf] efiff / ;flxTo, snf / ;ËLt Pj+ wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf klg lrGtf / rf;f] al9/x]sf] 5 . of] ;'vb\ kIf klg xf] . oxL qmddf 8fo:kf]/fdf g]kfnL ;flxTosf] k7g / n]vg klg al9/x]sf] 5 . 8fo:kf]/fdf /x]sf g]kfnL ;|i6fx¿åf/f y'k}| s[ltx¿sf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 / tL k|sflzt klg eO/x]sf 5g\ . u'0f:t/sf b[li6n] 8fo:kf]/fsf yf]/} s[ltx¿ dfq pTs[i6 xf]nfg\ t/ ;+Vof / cl:tTjsf] b[li6af6 oL s[ltx¿ dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ eGg' kb{5 . d}n] cfkm}n + ] klg DofGdfnL g]kfnL sljtf, k|ltlglw DofGdfnL g]kfnL sljtf, hfkfg]nL g]kfnL sljtf, cd]l/sfnL g]kfnL sljtf, a]nfotdf g]kfnL slj / sljtf, a]nfotdf g]kfnL uhn, a]nfotdf g]kfnL d'Qms, a]nfotdf g]kfnL syf / a]nfotdf g]kfnL gf6sh:tf g]kfnL 8fo:kf]/fsf k|ltlglw

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 163

u|Gyx¿ ;Dkfbg u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] sfG5f] efO s[;' If]qLn] pQ/ cd]l/sL g]kfnL sljtf gfds dxTjk"0f{ u|Gy ;Dkfbg u/]sf] 5 . clxn] d a]nfotdf g]kfnL lgaGw, DofGdfnL g]kfnL slj / sljtf, DofGdfnL g]kfnL lgjGw, DofGdfnL g]kfnL syf, o'/f]kdf g]kfnL sljtf / o'/f]kdf g]kfnL syfh:tf s[ltx¿ ;Dkfbg ul//x]sf] 5' . oL s[ltx¿ g]kfn k|1f—k|lti7fgn] k|sfzg ug{] lg0f¥o ePsf] 5 .

hxfF;Dd 8fo:kf]l/s ;flxTosf] kl/efiffsf] s'/f 5 8fo:kf]/fdf n]lvPsf ;a} l;h{gf 8fo:kf]l/s x'g\ eGg ;lsb}g . d]/f] b[li6df 8fo:kf]l/s r]t, kL8f jf gf]i6flNhs efjx¿ ;d]l6Psf] ;flxTo 8fo:kf]l/s ;flxTosf] kl/efiffleq kb{5 .

w .k h

@$= d ljut s]xL jif{b]lv tkfO{+sf uhnsf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd ;"Idt/ cjnf]sg ul//x]sf] 5' . To; cy{df o;kl5sf s]xL k|Zg d uhnd} s]lGb|t eP/ ug{ rfxG5' . ;flxTosf] sljtf ljwfdf Ps ljlzi6 l;l4 / k|l;l4 k|fKt ul/;s]sf] ;flxTosf/ tkfO{+ uhndf xn'sfh:tf] u/]/ hLjgsf] s'/f elg/xg' ePsf] x'G5 . uhn g} lsg 5fGg' eof] < sljtfn] k'u]g < csf{] zAbdf eg"F—uhn lsg n]Vg' x'G5 <

uhn / uLt n]vgdf cfpFbf ddf cln a9L g} :jR5Gbtf b]lvbf] /x]5 . uhn / uLt o;} klg u]ofTds ljwfsf l;h{gf x'g\ . u]ofTds / nofTds x'gfn] d]/f uLt / uhnx¿df xflb{stfsf] kIf cln a9L d'vl/t ePsf] 5 h'g :jfefljs klg xf] . xflb{stf xfaL x'Fbf ToxfF ;f}Gbo{, z[Ëf/, k|]d, of}jg / of}g cflb y'k|} s'/fx¿ cfpFbf /x]5g\ . ltgnfO{ / ltgsf] cfudgnfO{ d}n] /f]Sg] s'/f klg ePg / /f]Sg klg rflxgF . dfG5]sf] hLjgsf oL cleGg kx]nLx¿nfO{ d]/f uLt / uhnx¿n] klg cFufn]/ / ;Fufn]/ /fv]sf 5g\ . oL efjgf / ;xefjgfx¿ d]/f uhn ;ª\u|xx¿ sf]nfh dg, lga{Gw dg, cltl/Qm dg, / ;B k|sflzt cdn]v dgdf klg 5tf5'Nn b]Vg kfOG5 . d]/f uhn PNadx¿ r'krfkr'krfk,

164 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

lgd{d ofbx¿, ltd|f] t:jL/ cfFvfel/, b"af];/L /x/x¿, ;Demgfsf] l;dl;d] em/L / dfofjL k/]nLx¿df klg cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . @%= uhn n]Vbf tkfO{n] s'g To:tf] a]Un} lj/]rg k|fKt ug{' eof] h'g ;flxTosf cGo ljwfdf /rgf ubf{sf] t[lKteGbf km/s 5 < sljtf n]v] klg, uLt n]v] klg, uhn n]v] klg d}n] n]Vg] ‘dfG5]’ g} xf] / dfG5]s} hLjg xf] . dfG5]sf] hLjgsf t/]nLx¿nfO{ kufNb} / ku{]Nb} d}n] sljtf klg n]v]+, uLt klg n]v]+, uhn klg n]v]+ .

w .k h

cln a9L jf}l4s s'/fx¿ n]Vg'kbf{ d}n] sljtfsf] af6f] /f]h] x'Fnf . cln a9L bfz{lgs s'/fx¿ n]Vg' kbf{ d}n] lgaGwsf] af6f] /f]h] x'Fnf . cln xflb{s s'/fx¿, :jR5Gb s'/fx¿ n]Vg' kbf{ uLt / uhnsf] af6f] /f]h] x'Fnf . cln ‘7f];’ x'g' kbf{ sljtf n]v] x'Fnf, cln ‘t/n’ x'g' kbf{ uhn n]v] x'Fnf . cln ‘hl6n’ x'g' kbf{ sljtf n]v] x'Fnf, cln ‘g/d’ x'g' kbf{ uhn n]v] x'Fnf . b'a} d]/f l;h{gf x'g\, b'a}nfO{ d dfof ub{5' . Pp6fn] gk'u]/ csf{] ljwfdf k'u]sf] xf]Og, h'g rflxG5; ToxL n]v]sf] x'F . u]ofTdstf, nofTdstf / ;+/rgfTds b[li6n] x]bf{ d]/f sljtf / uhnx¿ leGg b]lvPnfg\ t/ cGto{df hfFbf b'a} l;h{gfsf] efj Pp6} e]l6G5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .

@^= tkfO{+sf] uhn n]vgsf] cf/De / ljsf;sf af/]df s]xL pNn]v ul/lbg' x'G5 ls < /x/}/x/ / nx8df d}n] uhn n]Vg yfn]sf] x'F . d}n] lj=;+=@)36 ;fnb]lv uhn n]Vg cf/De u/]sf] x'F . @)#^ ;fn d]/f] hLjg ofqfsf], ljz]ifu/L ;flxlTos l;h{gfofqfsf] b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ jif{ xf] . oxL ;fn d}n] t]x| jif{s} pd]/df ‘;+qmflGt’gfds ;flxlTos klqsfsf] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] lyPF . ‘;+qmflGt’ klqsfsf] @)#^ df3df k|sflzt bf];|f] cÍdf d]/f] hLjgs} klxnf] uhn k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . of] uhn d}n] @)#^ ;fn ;fpgdf n]v]sf] lyPF . To;}n] d}n] uhn n]Vg / k|sfzg ug{ yfn]sf] $@ jif{ gfl3;s]sf] 5 .

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 165

d]/f] klxnf] uhn;ª\u|x ‘b'a;' If]qLsf k|f/flDes uhn’ @)^^ ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . uhn n]Vg / 5flkg yfn]sf] tL; jif{kl5 dfq uhnsf] d]/f] l;Ëf] s[lt k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . d]/f] klxnf] uhn s[ltsf] ;Dkfbg cfw'lgs g]kfnL uhnsf dxf/yL / d]/f cfTdLo ldq >L 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nn] ug{' ePsf] xf] . o;df lj=;+= @)#^ ;fnb]lv @)$^ ;fnleq l;h{gf ePsf !%! j6f uhnx¿ ;ª\u|lxt ePsf 5g\ .

w .k h

d]/f] bf];|f] uhn;ª\u|x ‘sf]nfh dg’ lj=;+= @)^* ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . o;df d]/f lj=;+= @)$& ;fnb]lv @)%^ ;fn;Dd /lrPsf !)! uhnx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . d]/f] t];|f] uhn;ª\u|x ‘lga{Gw dg’ lj=;+= @)&$ ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . o;df klg !)! j6f uhnx¿ ;dflxt ePsf 5g\ . ‘lga{Gw dg’df ;d]l6Psf uhnx¿lj=;+= @)%& b]lv @)^@ ;fnleq l;h{gf ePsf x'g\ . lj=;+= @)&* d+;L/ @! ut] k|sflzt ePsf] ‘cltl/Qm dg’d]/f] k':tsfsf/df k|sflzt rf}yf] uhns[lt xf] . o; ;ª\u|xdf d]/f] lj=;+= @)^# b]lv @)^& ;fn;Dd l;h{gf ePsf uhnx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . ‘cdn]v dg’ k':tsfsf/df d]/f] kfFrf} uhn s[lt xf] . o; ;ª\u|xdf d}n] lj=;+=@)^& b]lv @)&@ ;fnleq l;h{gf u/]sf uhnx¿ ;dflxt 5g\ .

k':tsfsf/afx]s d]/f r'krfk r'krfk, lgd{d ofbx¿, dh:t} ltdL klg / b"af];/L /x/x¿ h:tf uhnsf PNadx¿ klg k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L d]/f] ‘ltdLn] 5f]8]sf ofbx¿’, ‘dfofjL k/]nLx¿’, ‘ltd|f] t:jL/ cfFvfel/’ / ‘;Demgfsf] l;dl;d] em/L’ h:tf >JorSsfx¿df klg s]xL uhnx¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . d]/f] bf];|f] uhns[lt ‘sf]nfh dg’ nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jfl;Ë6g 8L= ;L= df k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] cg];f; pTs[i6 uhn s[lt k'/:sf/åf/f

166 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)%& ;fndf dnfO{ uhn>L ;Ddfgåf/f klg ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] 5 . @&= uhnnfO{ tkfO{+ s;/L kl/eflift ug{' x'G5 <

xflb{stfsf efjgfx¿nfO{ ;+lIfKt / lzi6 zAbdf k|tLsfTds cleJolQm;lxtsf] nofTds k|:t'ltnfO{ uhn elgG5 . k|f/Dedf ;'Gb/L :qLx¿;Fu cyf{t\ k|]o;Lx¿;Fu x'g] dw'/ s'/fsfgL jf k|0foaf]w x'g] lzi6 / k|f~hn cleJolQmnfO{ uhn elgGYof] . x'g klg ‘u’ cyf{t\ ‘jf0fL’ , ‘h’ cyf{t\ ‘:qL’ / ‘cn’ cyf{t\ ‘;fy’ ldn]/ ‘uhn’ zAbsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . ‘;d;fdlos g]kfnL uhn’sf] ;DkfbsLo e"ldsfdf d}n] uhnsf] kl/efiff ub{} ‘w]/} s'/fx¿ yf]/} zAbdf, ljz[ª\vlnt efjx¿nfO{ z[ª\vnfdf, ljrf/sf] ljljwtfnfO{ ljDjdf, ;femf efjgfx¿nfO{ k|tLsdf / s8f / 7f]; cfu|xx¿nfO{ ;/n, t/n / ;'nlnt t/Lsfn] cleJolQm lbg] kBfTds snf’eg]sf] 5' .

w .k h

t/ ‘uhn’ zAbsf] zflAbs cyf{g';f/ z'¿sf jif{x¿df uhnn] h'g k|]ldn / z[Ëfl/s ¿k wf/0f u/]sf] lyof], ;do—qmddf uhnn] cfˆgf k'/fgf ;Ldfgf / aGwgx¿ tf]8\b} gofF af6f] / gofF uGtJo 6]ls;s]sf] 5 . jt{dfg o'udf uhnn] ;d;fdlos o'usf ;d:of / ;/f]sf/x¿nfO{, ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts lj;Ëlt, a]lylt / ljs[ltx¿nfO{ cleJolQm lbg] ljwfsf ¿kdf :yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . cfhsf] uhnn] efj ;Í'ntf, k|tLs ;DkGgtf / nofTds z}nLsf nflu ;flxTosf c¿ ljwfnfO{ pl5g]/ nf]slk|o :yfg xfl;n ul/;s]sf] 5 . pb{', c/aL / lxGbL efiffdf em}+ g]kfnL uhn klg ;flxTosf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ / nf]slk|o ljwfsf ¿kdf k|lti7flkt eO;s]sf] 5 .

@*= uhn n]vgdf tkfO{+ s;}af6 k|efljt x'g'x'G5 < uhn n]vgsf] k|f/Dedf d df]tL/fd e§ / eLdlglw ltjf/Laf6 k|efljt ePsf] x'F . pRr lzIff cWoog ug{ lj=;+= @)$) k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 167

;fndf sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 eg] d To; ;dosf hNbfaNbf slj / uhnsf/x¿sf] ;Dks{ / ;flGgwdf /x]+ . To; a]nfsf d]/f uhnsf/ ldqx¿df ;j{>L 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n, ljho jlhdo, ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL, tLy{ >]i7, nj ufpFn] / w|'j dlwsdL{x¿sf] ;Ët / xf};nfaf6 d uhnn]vgtkm{ cln a9L g} xf}l;PF . To;a]nf d sljsf ¿kdf eg] :yflkt eO;s]sf] lyPF .

uhn n]vgdf eGbf klg uhn k|sfzgdf dnfO{ ldqx¿sf] k|]/0ff / k|f]T;fxg k|fKt ePsf] xf] . n]vgd} k|efj kfg{] uhnsf/ ldqx¿ eg] 5}gg\ eGbf klg x'G5 . oBlk d]/f cfTdLo ldq >L 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nHo"sf] lzi6 ;Ët, ldqjt\ Jojxf/ / ;sf/fTds / ;xof]uL efjgfaf6 eg] Psbd} k|efljt ePsf] x'F . pxfFs} ;flGgWoaf6 jf}l4s uB sljtf n]lv/x]sf] d xflb{s uhn n]vgtkm{ cln a9L cfslif{t ePsf] x'F .

@(= sljtfdf eGbf tkfO{+ uhndf cln a9L ;/n, ;Gt'lnt / ;'kf7\‍o b]lvg' x'G5 < cyjf o;f] eg"F ls sljtfdf eGbf uhndf tkfO{+ sd af}l4s / sdhf]/ b]lvg' x'G5 <

w .k h

;h{s b'a;' If]qLleq xflb{s / af}l4s b'j} kIfx¿ cGtlg{lxt /x]sf 5g\ . xflb{s kIf alnof] ePsf a]nf uLt / uhnx¿ k|:km'l6t x'G5g\, jf}l4s kIf xfjL ePsf a]nf sljtf / sfJox¿ hlGdG5g\ .

uhn ljwf g} ;/n, ;'nlnt / lzi6 ljwf xf] . u]otf / nofTdstf uhnsf j}lzi6\‍ox¿ x'g\ . xflb{stf / lzi6tf uhnsf cËx¿ x'g\ . To;}n], d]/f uhnx¿ sljtfeGbf sd af}l4s / sd hl6n x'g' c:jfefljs klg xf]Og . d]/f uhnx¿df af}l4stf gePsf] xf]Og . d]/f uhnx¿df klg Joª\‍Uo, ZofdJoª\‍ox¿ gePsf xf]Ogg\ . t/ tL sljtfdf h;/L d'vl/t ePsf 5}gg\ . sljtfdf h;/L uhndf cleJolQm 7f];, s8f / hl6n x'Fb}g, x'g' klg x'Fb}g eGg] d 7fGb5' .

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kf7sx¿ / d]/f ldqx¿ d]/f uhndf klg cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿ / cjtf/ lj3l6t xg'dfgdf /x]sf af}l4s sljtfx¿, To:t} efn] z}nL / hl6n ;+/rgfx¿ vf]Hg' x'G5 h'g uhndf ;Dej 5}g / x'Fb}g . t}klg, d]/f uhnx¿df af}l4stf 5Fb} 5}g eGg] s'/f ;To xf]Og, /d/d af}l4stf / ZofdJoª\‍Uo d]/f uhnx¿df k|z:t b]Vg kfOG5 . d]/f uhndf klg b'a;' If]qLsf] :ki6 5fk / j}lzi6\o cg'e"t ug{ kfOG5 eGg] d 7fGb5' .

#)= jt{dfgdf g]kfnL uhnsf] :t/ vl:sFb} uPsf] s'/f :jLsf/ ug{' x'G5 <

s]xL ;dLIfs, ;dfnf]rs / kf7sx¿n] jt{dfgdf g]kfnL uhnsf] u'0f:t/ v:s]sf] 5 eGg' ePsf] 5 . nf]slk|otfnfO{ Pp6f e]n / Pp6f eL8sf ¿kdf klg JofVof ug{' ePsf] 5 .

d To;/L x]g{ rfxGgF . lgZro klg g]kfnL uhnn] clxn] Pp6f gofF af6f] kqm]sf] 5 . g]kfnL uhnn] Pp6f gofF uGtJosf] vf]hL u/]sf] 5 .

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df]tL/fd e§n] vg]sf] af6f] / eLdlglw ltjf/L / pk]Gb| axfb'/ ‘lhu/’x¿n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] dfu{nfO{ 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n, dg' a|fhfsL, ljho jlhdo, a"Fb /fgf, h}g]Gb| hLjg, ljof]uL a'9fyf]sL, ;gt s'df/, /lj k|f~hn, nlnhg /fjn, cljgfz >]i7, s[i0fxl/ a/fn, 3gZofd Gof}kfg] ‘kl/>dL’ nj ufpFn] / w|'j dlwsdL{h:tf uhnsf/x¿n] g]kfnL uhnnfO{ Pp6f gofF ofd / cfofd lbg' ePsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] k':tfsf s[;' If]qL, dgf]h Gof}kfg], k|df]b :g]xL, k|lt/f]w sfsL{, k|f]Nnf; l;Gw'nLo, ;'/]z ;'j]bL, e/t ef/åfh, /]g'sf e§, ;ljgf l;Gw', ;fwgf k|tLIff, zLtn sfblDagL, afa' lqkf7L, nIdLbQ e§h:tf k|ltefzfnL / k|efjzfnL uhnsf/x¿n] g]kfnL uhnnfO{ Pp6f gofF prfO k|bfg ug{' ePsf] 5 . To;}n], g]kfnL uhnsf] eljio d pHHjn, ;kmn / ;fy{s b]Vb5' .

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#!= JolQmut n]vgsf ;fy;fy} tkfO{+ ;+:yfut ¿kdf klg g]kfnL uhnsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df nflu/xg' ePsf] 5 < d uhn klg n]lv/x]sf] 5' . n]vgsf ;fy;fy} g]kfnL ;flxTodf uhn ljwfnfO{ :yflkt / ;Ddflgt u/fpFb} uhnnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] Ps cleGg / dxTjk"0f{ ljwfsf ¿kdf :yfg, klxrfg / k|lti7f k|fKt u/fpg nflu k/]sf] 5' .

d}n] lj=;+= @)$( ;fndf ‘j;'Gw/f’;flxlTos å}dfl;sdf uhn ljz]iffÍsf] ;Dkfbg / k|sfzg u/]+ . lj=;+=@)%) ;fndf ;dsfnLg g]kfnL uhnsf/x¿sf r'lgPsf uhnx¿ ;Íng tyf ;Dkfbg u/]/ ‘;d;fdlos g]kfnL uhn’gfds k|ltlglw u|Gysf] k|sfzg u/] . To;}u/L d}n] cfkm" ;+of]hs /x]/ k|yd k6s /fli6«o uhn dxf]T;jsf] cfof]hgf u/]+ . ;f]xL dxf]T;jdf ;d;fdlos k':tfsf s]xL k|ltlglw uhnsf/x¿nfO{ uhn>L ;Ddfgåf/f ;Ddflgt ul/Psf] lyof] .

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;fy}, d}n] ‘8fo:kf]/fsf g]kfnL uhn’ljifodf Ps ;fy{s / ;kmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]+. d}n] a]nfotdf /xFbf ‘a]nfotsf g]kfnL uhn’gfds a]nfot]nL g]kfnL uhnsf/x¿sf k|ltlglw uhnx¿sf] ;Íng tyf ;Dkfbg u/]sf] 5' . cfw'lgs g]kfnL uhnsf x:tL >L eLdlglw ltjf/Lsf uhnx¿ ;Íng tyf ;Dkfbg u/]/ ‘eLdlglw ltjf/L sfnhoL uhn’ s[lt k|sfzg ul//x]sf] 5' . To:t} d]/} k|/] 0ff / k|of;df lj=;+= @)&@ df g]kfnL uhnsf] P]ltxfl;s / dfgs u|Gy ‘;ËLt rGb|fb] o’k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . clxn] d DofGdf -adf{_ df /xL g]kfnL uhn n]lv/xg'ePsf uhnsf/x¿sf] k|ltlglw uhn ;ª\ux| ‘DofGdfnL g]kfnL uhn’ ;Dkfbg ul//x]sf] 5' . To;}u/L, ljZjsf ljleGg d'ns ' x¿df /xL uhn n]lv/xg' ePsf g]kfnL uhnsf/x¿sf k|ltlglw uhnx¿ ;Íng / ;Dkfbg u/L ‘8fo:kf]/fsf g]kfnL uhn’gfds dxTjk"0f{ u|Gy klg k|sfzg ug{] of]hgfcGtu{t sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

170 ÷ /rgf

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sljtfdf h:t} uhndf klg d]/f] n]vgsf] cfwf/ / ceLi6 ‘dfG5]’xf] . dfG5]sf] cl:tTjsf] ;+/If0f / dfG5]sf] ;Eotfsf] g}/Gto{sf kIfdf d]/f sljtfx¿h:t} d]/f uhnx¿ klg plePsf 5g\ . dfG5]nfO{ :jtGq, lga{Gw / ;fj{ef}d agfpg] lbzfdf d]/f sljtfx¿h:t} d]/f uhnx¿ klg s]lGb|t /x]sf 5g\ . dfG5]nfO{ :jtGq, :jfwLg / ;fj{ef}d agfpg] ;'nlnt zAbsf cleJolQm g} d]/f uhnx¿ x'g\ . ‘cdn]v dg’ d]/f] ;flxTo n]vgsf] p2]Zodf k|ltj4 uhnx¿sf] u'R5f xf] . ‘cdn]v dg’ klg cFWof/f]lj?4 / ;fF3'/f]lj?4 kl/nlIot zAbsf clGtd]Tyd\x¿ x'g\ . of] uhn;ª\u|x klg cÍ'zlj?4 / c:jtGqtflj?4 xflgPsf If]Kof:q xf] . ‘cdn]v dg’lgMzAbtflj?4, lghL{jgtflj?4 / lgdfgjLotflj?4 jf0fLsf] ah| xf] . ‘cdn]v dg’ klg ljeLlifsflj?4, lj;Ëltlj?4, a]lyltlj?4 / lj8Dagflj?4 k|xf/ ul/Psf] zAbf:q xf] .

uhn ePsfn] d]/f sljtf / sfJox¿eGbf o;sf] ;/ntf, t/ntf, ;'nlnttf / ;'kf7\‍otf cln a9L b]lvG5 . oBlk, d]/f cGo uhn;ª\u|xx¿ sf]nfh dg, lga{Gw dg / cltl/Qm dgeGbf of] gjLgtd uhns[lt ‘cdn]v dg’ klg af}l4stf / xflb{stfsf] ;+of]hg / ;Gt'ngdf b[li6n] Tolt leGg /x]sf] 5}g . t/ pd]/, cg'ej / cWoogsf b[li6n] klxn] l;h{gf ePsf uhnx¿eGbf ‘cdn]v dg’ df ;d]l6Psf uhnx¿ cln kl/kSj, ;+oldt / ;Gt'lnt b]lvG5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . s]xL ufhn' uhnx¿ klg o; ;ª\u|xdf k/]sf 5g\ . t/ ltgdf klg xflb{stfsf] ;Gt'ng /x]s} 5 eGg'k5{ .

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##= tkfO{+ bh{gf}+ ;flxlTos, k|fl1s / ;f+:s[lts ;+3;+:yfx¿df cfa4 x'g'x'G5 . km]l/ cfˆgf dftflktfsf gfddf j;'Gw/f—dfg k|1fk|lti7fg / cfˆg} gfddf b'a;' If]qL /fli6«o ljsf; k|lti7fg :yfkgf ug{'sf] p2]Zo / cf}lrToaf/] k|sfz kfl/lbg' xf];\ g <

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d y'k|} ;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts / k|fl1s ;+3;+:yfx¿df ;+nUg /x]sf] 5' . d}n] oL ;+3;+:yfx¿df oyf;Dej ;xof]u klg ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5' . d ;+nUg ePsf ;+3;+:yfx¿df g]kfnL n]vs ;+3, cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, jftfj/0f ;flxTosf/ ;+3, g]kfn—hfkfg n]vs ;+3, g]kfn—DofGdf n]vs ;+3, g]kfnL ;flxTo ljsf; kl/ifb\ / l;h{gzLn emfkfnL ;dfhnufot bh{geGbf a9L ;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts / k|fl1s ;+3;+:yfx¿ 5g\ . d]/f] kl/jf/n] :yfkgf u/]sf j;'Gw/f—dfg k|1fk|lti7fg / b'a;' If]qL /fli6«o ljsf; k|lti7fgdf klg d]/f] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u /x]sf] 5 . j;'Gw/f—dfg k|1fk|lti7fg d]/f k"hgLo cfdfa'jf >LdtL j;'Gw/f b]jL ;'j]bL / >L dfg axfb'/ ;'j]bLsf] gfddf :yfkgf ePsf] ;+:yf xf] h;sf] p2]Zo lghL If]qaf6 g]kfnsf] ;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts / k|fl1s If]qsf] pGgog / ljsf;df ;xof]u k'‍¥ofpg' xf] .

b'a;' If]qL /fli6«o ljsf; k|lti7fgsf] d"n p2]Zo g]kfndf /x]sf ;a} hfthflt / ;d'bfosf g]kfnLx¿sf efiff, ;flxTo, wd{, ;+:s[lt, snf, ;ËLt, j]ife"iff, k/Dk/f / ;Eotfsf] ;+/If0f ub{} g]kfnsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs / k|fl1s ljsf;df of]ubfg ug{] /x]sf] 5 . o; k|lti7fgn] g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnLx¿df cfˆgf] efiff, ;flxTo, wd{, ;+:s[lt, snf / ;EotfnfO{ arfO{ ljZj ;d'bfodf g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] klxrfgnfO{ pRr agfpFb} g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxt / sNof0fdf ;lqmo / ;dlk{t /xg k|fT] ;flxt ug{] p2]Zo ;d]t /fv]sf] 5 . of] k|lti7fg d]/} gfd;Fu hf]l8P/ cfPsf]n] d]/f] ckgTj / cfTdLotf cln a9L b]lvg' :jfefljs klg xf] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] uf}/j a9fpg] sfo{df k|oTgzLn h'g;'s} ;+3;+:yfnfO{ z'eR] 5f, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ug{]

172 ÷ /rgf

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efjgf / ;b\efjgf ePsf] dnfO{ cfˆg} ;+:yfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df nfUg'nfO{ c:jfefljs dfGg' kg{] b]lVbgF . #$= ;flxToaf6 kf7sn] k|fKt ug{'kg{] cg'e"lt jf t[lKt k|bfg ug{] g]kfnL / ljb]zL n]vs / ltgsf s[ltx¿ ;'emfpg' k‍¥of] eg] tkfO{+ s'gs'g n]vs / s[ltx¿ ;lDemg' x'G5 <

d oxL n]vs jf oxL s[lt k9\g'xf];\ eg]/ pkb]z lbg rfxGgF . d}n] dg k/fPsf] n]vs jf dnfO{ dg k/]sf] s[lt c¿x¿nfO{ dg gkg{ klg ;S5 . of] cfcfˆgf] ?lrsf] s'/f klg xf], cfcfˆgf] cf:yf / cfbz{sf] s'/f klg xf] .

t/ d}n] dg k/fP/ k9]sf / k9]/ dg k/fPsf s]xL :jb]zL / s]xL ljb]zL n]vsx¿sf] d cfb/k"j{s gfd lng rfxG5' .

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g]kfnL ;flxTotkm{ dnfO{ afNosfnb]lv g} n]vgfy kf}8\ofnsf] lk+h8fsf] ;'uf, Ct'ljrf/ / ;Tosln ;+jfbn] k|efj kf/]sf lyP . dxfljBfno / ljZjljBfno k'u]kl5 g]kfnL ;flxTosf clwsf+z k':tsx¿ k9]+ . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] ;'nf]rgf, zfs'Gtn, k|ldy; / afns[i0f ;dsf cfuf] / kfgL, lr;f] r"Nxf] / lgoldt cfsl:dstf Pj+ dfwj l3ld/]sf] uf}/Ln] k|efj kf/] . To;}u/L, s]bf/dfg Jolytsf] ;Ëd, l;l4r/0f >]i7sf] pj{zL / n}gl;+x jfËb]nsf d'n'saflx/ / nË8fsf] ;fyL, cudl;+x lu/Lsf] o'4 / of]4f, uf]ljGb uf]7fn]sf kNnf] 3/sf] em\ofn, e';sf] cfuf] / ef]sf] 3/, ejfgL leIf'sf cfut, cfjt{ / cjfGt/, ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf bf]ifL rZdf, ;'lDgdf, g/]Gb| bfO / tLg 3'DtL, cf]lspofdf UjfOgsf] ;'gfv/L, dbgdl0f bLlIftsf] dfwjL, bf}ntljqmd lji6sf] rkfOPsf] cg'xf/, Hof]ltHof]lt dxfHof]lt / Ps kfn'jf cg]sf}+ ofd, ¿kgf/fo0f l;+xsf] e|d/, s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfgsf] ;flns, cgfd ;To / kfOnf cfutdf 6]s]/, OGb|axfb'/ /fO{sf] cfh /ldtf 5, syf:yf / s7k'tnLsf] dg, tf/fgfy zdf{sf] a]nfotlt/ a/fln+bf, 3f]TNofOFx¿ / gd:t], zÍ/ nfld5fg]sf] PAi6«fS6

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174 ÷ /rgf

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uf]kfn k/fh'nLsf] lbzfxLg cfsfz, 1fg'jfs/ kf}8]nsf] v08x/ gofFgofF, cljgfz >]i7sf] cZjTyfdf xtf]xt, ljho jlhdosf] cGttf]uTjf, nj ufpFn]sf] e"uf]nsf] Ps 5]p, lszf]/ kxf8Lsf] ljz' bfO, a]~h' zdf{sf] lj;Ët, hLjg cfrfo{sf] cGtxLg z'¿jft, tf]of u'?ªsf] b]jn 3'd]kl5, dg' a|fhfsLsf] ltd|L :jf:gL / d, h}g]Gb|hLjgsf] ;kgfx¿sf] kfnf] kx/f, uf]ljGb lu/L k|]/0ffsf] pTvgg, zf/bf zdf{sf] o'4f]k/fGt / tfk, gf/fo0f jfUn]sf] kNk;f Sofkm], ;Ltf kf08]sf] aGwsL v'zLx¿, s[i0f w/fjf;Lsf /fwf / z/0ffyL{, gog/fh kf08]sf] pnf/, dx]zljqmd zfxsf] 5fkfdf/sf] 5f]/f], /fhg d'sf?ªsf] bldgL eL/, cd/ Gof}kfg]sf] ;]tf] w/tL, >j0f d'sf?ªsf] lj;] gurL{, s[;' If]qLsf] jf]lw;Tjsf] d[To'—pT;j / /fdnfn hf]zLsf] P]gf dnfO{ dg k/]sf s[ltx¿ x'g\ .

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ljZj;flxTodf d}n] d"ntM cª\u|]hL ;flxTosf pDbf s[ltx¿ clwsf+z k9]sf] 5' . d}n] cfˆgf] :gftsf]Q/ txsf] pRr lzIff a]nfotd} u/]sf] x'F . To;}n] klg ddf cª\u|]hL ;flxTok|ltsf] ?lr / nufj a9]sf] xf] . To;f] t d}n] k|m]~r efiffsf] klg yf]/} cWoog u/]sf] 5' . hfkfgL efiffsf] klg s]xL 1fg k|fKt u/]sf] 5' . t/ k|m]~r / hfkfgL ;flxTosf s[ltx¿ klg d}n] cª\u|]hL efiffaf6} cWoog u/]sf] x'F .

cª\u|]hL efiffsf ;]S;lko/, j8\{;\, hf]g ls6\;, kL= aL= z]nL, hf]g ldN6g, snl/h / afO/gx¿ pRrsf]l6sf sljn]vsx¿ x'g\ . To;f] t rfN;{ l8s]G;, jfN6 lx6Dofg, /f]a6{ k|m:6, ljlnod a6n/ lo6\;, P8u/ Pn]g kf], Ph|f kfp08, yf]d; xf8L{, h]D; /fO6, cg{]:6 x]ldË\j] / Pn]g luG;ju{h:tf sljn]vsx¿sf s[lt k7gLo 5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . To;}u/L cª\u|]hL ;flxTodf PldnL l8lsG;g, dfof PGh]nf], SofyL kfs{, Plnhfj]y lj;k, Plnhfj]y Aof/]6, n'O; Un's / d]/L cf]lne/h:tf gf/L ;flxTosf/x¿ klg dxŒjk"0f{ x:tfIf/x¿ x'g\ .

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/rgf ÷ 175

clk|msf dxfb]z ef}lts ljsf; / cfly{s b[li6n] cFWof/f] xf]nf t/ ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf If]qdf clk|msf dxfg\ / j}ejzfnL dxfb]z xf] . clk|msf dxfb]zsf PG6\hL qmf]u, 8]lg; a'|6';, lrg'jf cfr]a], Hofs dfkf~h], hf];] qmfleGxf, lgoL cf];'G8f/], gluj dxkm"h / jf]n] ;f]OGsfh:tf dxfg\ clk|msL ;flxTosf/x¿sf s[ltx¿ dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ .

w .k h

Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf] ;flxTo klg Hofb} ;d[4 / j}ejzfnL 5 . To; dxfb]zaf6 kfAnf] g]?bf, ufla|onf ld:6«n, cf]S6fleof] kfh, cg{]i6f] sf8{]gn, cn]hfGb|f lkhflds, x'jfgf 8]nf qm'h, lgsf]nf; lhn]g, hh{ n'O; ah{, ufla|on ufl;¥of dfSj{h, l;h/ en]hf], xf]g] df6L{, xf];] lndf, cf]lne]l/cf] lh/f]G8f], cnkmG;f] /]h / cnef/f] d'l6hh:tf k|efjzfnL sljn]vsx¿ blIf0f cd]l/sL wtL{af6 pbfP/ ljZj ;flxTodf :yflkt ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L, o; dxfb]zaf6 dh{/L cul:6g, cfgf Sofl:6nf], ;fGb|f dfl/of af]pn';f, /f]h]l/of] Sof:6]nfgf];, lhcf]sf]G8f a]nL / Sofl/a]n Plnlu|cfh:tf k|ltefzfnL gf/L x:tfIf/x¿ pbfPsf 5g\ h;n] ljZj;flxTod} cfˆgf] dxŒjk"0f{ :yfg agfPsf 5g\ .

c a]G8 Og\ b l/e/, c xfp; km/ ld:6/ ljZjf; h:tf sfnhoL s[lt ljZj;flxTonfO{ k|bfg ug{] eL= P;= gokfn klg Sof/]ljog d'n's l6«lg8f8 PG8\ 6f]afuf]df hGd]/ x's{]sf x'g\ . x'g t logL ef/tLo d"nsf c+u|]hL n]vs x'g\ . ljZj;flxTodf k|m]~r ;flxTosf] cfˆg} :yfg / ul/df 5 . olb k|m]~r efiffsf] 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 eg] ;'gdf ;'uGw x'G5 . t/ cª\u|]hLdf cg'lbt k|mfG;]nL ;flxTosf] cWoogaf6 klg kof{Kt /;f:jfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|m]~r n]vs / ;flxTosf/x¿df cu|h k':tfsf ef]Nt]o/, hfF Hofs ?;f] / leS6/ Xo'uf]b]lv cfw'lgs k':tfsf hfF /l:sg, Pldn hf]nf, cNa6{ sfd", cn]ShfGb|f 8'df;, hfF kn ;fq{, k|mfGh sfˆsf, ;fOdg af]Ejf, rfN;{ af]bn]o/,

176 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

Pgftf]n] k|mfG;, cfGb|] a|]tf], lko/] b'AjfF ljZj;flxTodf :yflkt k|mfG;]nL ;flxlTos x:tLx¿ x'g\ .

ljZj;flxTodf /l;ofnL ;flxTosf] klg pRrtd :yfg /x]sf] 5 . lnof] 6N:6f]o, d]lS;d uf]sL{, cn]Sh]G8/ k'lT:sg, ˆof]bf]/ bf]:tf]E:sL, PGtf]g r]vf]e, af]l/; kf:t/gfs / cn]Sh]G8/ ;f]Nem]g]lT;gh:tf ljZj;flxTosf dxfg\ x:tfIf/x¿ ?;af6 pbfPsf x'g\ . 6N:6f]osf jf/ PG8 lk;, cGgf Sof/{]lggf / sGkm];g, uf]sL{sf db/, b nf]c/ 8]6\‍Y;, lrN8«]g ckm b ;g / b ;ª ckm b :6dL{ k]6«f]n, k'lT:sgsf b a|f]Gh x;{Dofg, b :6f]g u]i6, df]hf6{ PG8 ;fNn]/L, bf]:tf]E:sLsf qmfOd PG8 klg:d]G6, lb Ol8o6 / 8]df]G;, r]vf]esf b l;u'n, cÍn efGof, y|L l;:6;{ / b r]/L cs{8, kf:t/gfssf] 8fS6/ lhefuf] Pj+ ;f]Nem]g]lT;gsf jfg\ 8] Og\ b nfOkm ckm Oefg b]lg;f]ler, b u'nfu cfls{lkn]uf], cu:6 !(!$ / SofG;/ jf8{ ljZj;flxTos} sfnhoL s[ltx¿ x'g\ .

w .k h

ljZj;flxTosf] pGgogdf hd{g ;flxTosf] klg plQs} of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . xd{g x]:;], u'G6/ u|f;, kn x]g/L SofDkj]n, k|m]8l/s lgT;], xfG; s/f]:;f, k|m]8l/s efg sflg6\h, sfn{ lkmlnkm sf]Gh, yf]d; dg, jfN6/ a]Ghfldg, xfG; kmNnf8f / x]gl/s a]nh:tf :jgfdwGo hd{g ;flxTosf/x¿n] ljZj;flxTodf cfˆgf] pRr :yfg agfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L, cfGg] k|mfGs, dfl/of l/ef, cfl:;of j]lenL, lnNnL kfNd/, lqmi6f jNkm, pln|s] d]/L d]g;]km, lngf x]Ol8«r, PldnL l:sG8n/, a]l§gf e]g Pldd, PGh]nf uf];f] / h]GgL Pk]Ga]sh:tf gf/L ;flxTosf/x¿ hd{g ;flxTosf dfq geP/ ljZj;flxTos} cAan x:tfIf/x¿ x'g\ . ljZj;flxTo / bz{gk/Dk/fnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg /f]dg lrGts / n]vsx¿sf] klg dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ ;flxTosf/ bfFt] clnl3o]/L, lgsf]nf] dflsofj]nL / l;;]/f]b]lv cfw'lgs k':tfsf cNa6f{] df]/fleof, h'lno; Pef]nf, O;fa]nf /f]Hh]lngL,

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 177

/f]a6f{] /f]Hh]lngL, sfnf{] sf]Nnf]8L, sfnf{] /f]e]NnL, e]/f]lgsf n/]G6\;\ / lqmi6Lg lkhgh:tf sljn]vssf s[ltx¿ ch/fd/ / k7gLo 5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .

w .k h

ljZj ;flxlTos lIflthdf hfkfgL ;flxTosf] klg ul/dfdo :yfg /x]sf] 5 . hfkfgL xfOs'n] ljZj;flxTodf lzi6 / ljlzi6 :yfg xfl;n u/]sf] kfOG5 . of;'gf/L sfjfjftf / s]Ghfa'/f] cf]Ph:tf hfkfgL ;flxTosf/x¿n] ;flxTodf gf]a]n k'/:sf/;d]t k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;'k|l;4 xfOs'sf/ dfT;'cf] af;f] / sf]afo;L O:;fn] hu p7fPsf] hfkfgL ;flxTodf s]~hL ldofhfjf, ;'Gtf/f] tflgsfjf, /o'OrL 6fDa], ;fsf; r'af]/L, cf]ufO df]/L, Oxf/f ;fOsfs", Pl/sf] lsl;bf, z"g xf;]ufjf, km"ldsf] gfsfhf], sfT;'P lstf;f]gf], s]lxcf] ;f]uf, df;fxf? km'hL, ldT;'xf? sfg]sf], l/P of]lzo'sL, /o'OrL tfd'/f, ;]:;f]g o'afO, ;fsfP r'af]O{, ;'hL t]/fofdf, ;'g xf;]ufjf, l;cf]g ;f]gf], tfsf;L gfufT;'sf, tfs];L stfgf], of;';L Ogf]pj], of]g] gf]u'rL, o'lsof] ldlzdf, Otf] lx/f]dL / ld;'h' km's'bfh:tf k|ltefzfnL / k|efjzfnL x:tfIf/x¿ hfkfgdf :yflkt ePsf 5g\ h;n] ljZj;flxTod} cfˆgf] ljlzi6 pkl:ylt b]vfPsf 5g\ .

xfd|} l5d]sL ldq/fi6«x¿ ef/t / rLgsf] ;flxTo klg j}ejzfnL / uf}/jzfnL /x]sf] 5 . ef/tLo / lrlgofF ;flxTo / bz{gsf] ;'bL3{ / ;d[4 k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . ef/tsf /jLGb|gfy 6]uf]/, hozÍ/, k|;fb, ;'ldqf gg"g kGt, ;"o{sfGt lqkf7L lg/fnfsf ;fy;fy} /fx'n ;f+s[Tofog, d'Ns/fh cfgGb, cf/= s]= gf/fo0f, v'zjGt l;+x, cf3f zflxb cnL / cd[tf k|Ltdn] ljZj;flxTod} pRr:yfg agfPsf 5g\ . z/RrGb| r§f]kfWofo, a+lsdrGb| r§f]kfWofo, cldtfe 3f]if, lrqf aghL{, zzL y?/, cldt rt'j{]bL, ;/f]lhgL gfo8", dxfb]jL adf{, dxfZj]tfb]jL, ;ful/sf 3f]if, zzL b]zkf08], u'Nhf/, d}ynLz/0f u'Kt, s'df/ ljZjf; / hoGt dxfkfqx¿ ef/tLo ;flxTosf dxQ\jk"0f{ x:tfIf/

178 ÷ /rgf

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k"0ff{Í – !&%

x'g\ . To;}u/L cg'/fwf /f]o, em"Dkf nflx/L, ;ndfg ?ZbL / cgLtf b]zfO{h:tf ef/tLo ;flxTosf/x¿sf] kfZrfTo hut\‍df klg 7"nf] k|l;l4 / rrf{ /x]sf] 5 . d}n] lrlgofF ;flxTosf] Tolt ulx/f] cWoog ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . oBlk g]kfnL cg'jfb ePsf t' km" / n' :o"gsf sljtfx¿ dnfO{ pTs[i6 nfu]sf 5g\ . cª\u|]hL / lxGbL efiffdf cg'lbt lrlgofF sljtfx¿sf] cWoog ubf{ dnfO{ x'jf em', ;' h]5]g, dfO{ lhof, jfª j]O, nL afO{ / afog lemlngsf sljtfx¿ k7gLo nfUb5g\ .

w .k h

d ;flxTosf cltl/Qm bfz{lgs, af}l4s, /fhg}lts, cfly{s ljifoj:t' ;d]l6Psf k':tsx¿ klg k9\g ?rfpF5' . Kn]6f]sf] b l/klAns / Pkf]nf]hL, Pl/i6f]6nsf] kf]lnl6S; / kf]Pl6S;, g]N;g d08]nfsf] nf]ª jfs 6' lk|m8d, hjfx/nfn g]x¿sf] n]6;{ k|md kmfb/ 6' lxh 86/, dxfTdf ufGwLsf dfO PS;k]l/d]G6 ljy 6\?y / kfy j] 6' u8, cfrfo{ /hgLzsf] ;Def]ub]lv ;dflw;Dd, a6«{]G8 /:;]nsf c lxH6«L ckm j]i6g{ lkmnf];kmL / b k|f]AnD; ckm lkmnf];kmL, x]g/L 8]le8 yf]/f]sf l;len l8:‍cla8]G; / PS;s;{g;\, hfF Hofs ?;f]sf b ;f];n sG6«fS6, sGkm];G; / l8:sf];{ cg\ OG‍OSj]ln6L, dflsof a]nLsf b lk|G; / lb cf6{ ckm jf, hf]g xA;sf n]leofyfg / l8 xf]lhg / ef]Nt]o/sf SoflG88\ / dfOqmf]d]u; cToGt k7gLo / dggLo s[ltx¿ x'g\ . g]kfnL o'jfx¿n] / ljz]ifu/L gofF k':tfsf n]vsx¿n] ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf ;fy;fy} ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t' / ;Gbe{sf jf}l4s k':tsx¿ klg k9\g' kb{5 eGg] ;'emfj lbg rfxG5' . o; ;Gbe{df cfp;fg ;"rLsf] lk|m8d k|md lkmo/ t;lndf g;/Lgsf] nHhf, k|mflG;; km's'ofdfsf] b PG8 ckm lx:6«L PG8 nf:6 Dofg / lb cf]l/lhG; ckm kf]lnl6sn kfj/, :ofd'on xlG6Ë6gsf Snf; ckm l;lenfOh];g, b ;f]Nh/ PG8 b :6]s / b l/d]lsª ckm jN8{ c8{/, em'Dkf nflx/Lsf] OG6/k|]6/ ckm d]nl8h, Xj]/ cafp6\;,

k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 179

cgPsi6d8\ cy / x]n—x]eg, ch{'g cKkfb'/fOsf df]8lg{6L P6\ nfh{, lkmo/ ckm :dn gDa;{, b df]/fln6L ckm /]ˆo'hn / b d]lsª ckm P 6«fG;g];gn sNr/, hf];]km l:6ulnhsf Unf]anfOh];g PG8\ O6\; l8:sG6]G6;, d]lsª Unf]anfOh];g js / b k|fO; ckm OG‍OSj]ln6L, cdTo{ ;]gsf cg Osf]gf]lds OG‍OSj]ln6L, sn]lS6ª RjfO; PG8\ ;f];n j]Nkm]o/ / o'lgnfl6l/Hd PG8\ ljof]G8\, xf?sf] d'/fsfdLsf] gj{]lhog p8, sfˆ‍sf cg\ b ;f] / b ljG8\ ckm a8{ qmf]lgsn / o'en gf]c x/f/Lsf] ;]lkG;M c la|km lxH6«L ckm Xo'dgsfOG8 k9\g' kg{] / dgg ug{'kg{] j}lZjs s[ltx¿ x'g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

w .k h

#%= tkfO{+sf] ;flxToofqf, JolQmTj / s[ltTjsf k|s6 kIfx¿af/] kf7sx¿ elnefFtL hfgsf/ x'gfn] ;/;tL{ k9\bf / cjnf]sg ubf{ g} kf7sn] ;lhn} yfxf kfO/x]sf s'/fx¿ gbf]xf]‍¥ofO{ l;h{gfj[lQsf] cGtM kIf vf]tNg] r'gf}tL cGtjf{tf{sf/sf] :yfgdf d}n] cg'ej ul//x]sf] 5' . cfh;Dd olt w]/} 7fpFdf ;flxlTos / u}/;flxlTos ljifodf cGtjf{tf{ lbg' eof] . cGtjf{tf{sf/n] ;f]Wg'kg{] t/ ;f]w]gg\ eGg] s'g} ljifoaf/] s]xL eGg' x'G5 ls <

d]/f] cGtjf{tf{ lng'x'g]x¿ ;a}h;f]n] d]/f] ;flxlTos prfO / ;flxTo;DaGwL ljrf/s} ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ k|Zgx¿ ug{'x'G5 . sltkon] d]/f] JolQmut ;d[l4 / ;/sf/L / s"6g}lts lhDd]jf/L;Fu hf]8]/ klg k|Zgx¿ ug{'ePsf] 5 . oL ;jfnx¿nfO{ d}n] OdfGbf/Lk"j{s ;Daf]wg klg u/]sf] 5' . tkfO{+n] gofF s'/fx¿ ;d]6]/ d]/f] cGtjf{tf{ lng'eof] . tkfO{+nfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb . dnfO{ cfh;Dd s;}n] klg d]/f] ;+3if{k"0f{ lhGbuLsf af/]df k|Zg ug{'ePsf] 5}g . ;a} h;f]n] d}n] d]/f] JolQmut / ;flxlTos hLjgdf kfPsf] ;kmntfsf af/]df dfq k|Zg ug{' ePsf] 5 . t/ d @)$) ;fndf /fhwfgL sf7df8f}F cfOk'u]kl5 d}n] oxfF afFRg / lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ afFRg slt ;+3if{ u/]+ eGg] ;DaGwdf s;}n]

180 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

klg ;f]Wg' ePsf] 5}g . To:t} /fhwfgLsf] ;flxlTosx¿sf] eL8df lrlgg d}n] slt ;+3if{ ug{'k¥of] eGg] ;DaGwdf s;}n] klg ;f]Wg' ePsf] 5}g . To; ;dosf dxTjk"0f{ ;flxlTos klqsfx¿ ¿k/]vf / dw'ks{n] d]/f /rgfx¿ g5fKbf d}n] b]jb"t lbnbf; ‘b'a;'’ gfd /fv]/ ltg} /rgfx¿ k7fpFbf 5flkPsf /f]rs 36gfx¿ af/] w]/}n] yfxf kfPsf 5}gg\ .

w .k h

cfh ;a}n] dnfO{ :gftsf]Q/, ljBfjfl/lw u/]sf] ;'lzlIft / ;'kl7t JolQm b]Vg'x'G5 . t/ pxfFx¿ w]/}nfO{ yfxf 5}g— d h'g j+zdf hGd]+, To; j+z / kl/jf/df P;Pn;L ptL0f{ ug{] d klxnf] dfG5] lyPF eg]/ . cem egf}+ eg], d hGd]sf] ufpFdf Pn. Pn. ;L. ptL0f{ ug{] d g} klxnf] JolQm lyPF eg]/ . cfh dnfO{ ;a}n] d Ps ;d[4 / ;DkGg JolQm b]Vg'x'G5 . t/ pxfFx¿ w]/}nfO{ yfxf 5}g— d Ps lgDg dWodjuL{o kl/jf/df hGd]/ k9\gs} nflu klg ;+3if{ ug{' k/]sf] JolQm lyPF eg]/ . cfh dnfO{ a]nfoth:tf] ;Eotf, ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf b[li6n] ljZjs} Ps dxfg\ /fi6«sf nflu g]kfnsf] /fhb"t ePsf] b]Vg'x'G5 . t/ zfob w]/}nfO{ yfxf 5}g /fxbfgL agfP/, xjfO{hxfh r9]/ ljb]z k'Ug] d]/f] j+zs} d klxnf] dfG5] lyPF eg]/ .

#^= olt nfdf] ;do / pmhf{ vr{]/ g]kfnL ;flxTodf ug{'ePsf] dxŒk"0f{ of]ubfgsf nflu km]l/ Ps k6s ;fb/ cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . o; cGtjf{tf{df olt nfdf k|Zg / h]lnPsf lh1f;fx¿sf] ;Djf]wg ul/lbg' ePsf]df w]/}w]/} wGojfb . / hfFbfhfFb} lgs6 eljiosf nflu cfˆgf ;flxlTos of]hgfx¿dfly k|sfz kfb{} d}n] ;f]Wg 5'6fPsf / eGg} kg{] 7fGg' ePsf s]xL s'/f eP atfO lbg'xf];\ g< d]/f af/]df lgs} ulx/f] cWoog / cg';Gwfg ug{' ePsf] /x]5 tkfO{+ k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . uxg / ;fGble{s ;jfnx¿ ;f]w]/ ;ÅboL kf7sx¿nfO{ d]/f efjgf / wf/0ffx¿ hfGg] cj;/ k|bfg k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 181

ug{' ePsf]df ;fw'jfb JoQm ub{5' . k|Zgx¿ 5'6fpg' ePsf] h:tf] nfUb}g . ;flxlTos ;jfnx¿ ;a} ;d]l6P h:tf] nfU5 .

d]/f ;flxlTos of]hgfx¿sf ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ jif{df sd;]sd Pp6f df}lns s[lt / Pp6f ;Dkflbt s[lt lgsfNg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5' . lj=;+= @)&( ;fndf d]/f cZjd]w o1sf 3f]8fx¿ / cjtf/ lj3l6t xg'dfg sfJox¿s} sb / sfF6sf] Pp6f sfJo s[lt k|sfzg ug{] tof/L ul//x]sf] 5' . g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgaf6 d}n] n]v]sf] k|1f s"6g}lts zAbsf]z lgs6 eljiodf k|sflzt x'Fb}5 .

g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgaf6 cfufdL jif{ d}n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf a]nfotdf g]kfnL lgaGw, DofGdfnL g]kfnL slj / sljtf, DofGdfnL g]kfnL syf, DofGdfnL g]kfnL lgaGw, o'/f]kdf g]kfnL sljtf / o'/f]kdf g]kfnL syf gfds k|ltlglwu|Gyx¿ k|sflzt x'Fb}5g\ .

bharat.saud@epfnepal.com.no

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à sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if, xl/x/ ejg, k"Nrf]s, nlntk'/

182 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%

uhnsf/ 8f= b'a;' If]qLsf] ;+lIfKt hLjgL

8f= b'uf{ axfb'/ ;'j]bL lj=;+= @)@# >fj0f @! ch{'gwf/f–!, dbgk'/, emfkf . k|hftGq ;]gfgL >L dfg axfb'/ ;'jb] L tyf >LdtL j;'Gw/f b]jL ;'j]bL >LdtL k'gd ;'j]bL ch{'gwf/f gu/kflnsf–!, emfkf .

gfd M hGdldlt M hGd:yfg M dftflktf M kTgL M :yfoL 7]ufgf M

%= ^= &= *= (=

w .k h

Pd=P= -cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw_ nL8\; ljZjljBfno, nL8\; a]nfot Pd=kL=P= -hgk|zf;g_, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sf7df8f}+ kL=Pr=8L= -cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] k//fi6«gLlt / s"6gLlt_, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sf7df8f}+ kL=Pr=8L= -cfw'lgs hfkfgdf jf}4 wd{_, n'lDjgL jf}4 ljZjljBfno -zf]w/t_ cGt/f{li6«o sf];{ -cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u / ljsf;_, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljZjljBfno, 6f]lsof] ljz]if sf];{ -ax'kIfLo s"6gLlt / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3_, Go"of]s{ ljZjljBfno, Go"of]s{ ljz]if sf];{ -Unf]an :6l8h_, ;f]lkmof ljZjljBfno, 6f]lsof] ljz]if sf];{ -cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / s"6gLlt_, Unf:uf] Sofn]8f]lgog ljZjljBfno, n08g, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo ljz]if tflnd -;Í|d0f Joj:yfkg_, n'lhofgf :6]6 o'lgel;{6L, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf .

!= @= #=

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k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

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;/sf/L lhDd]jf/LM

(= !)= !!=

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#_ $_ %_ ^_ &_ *_ (_ !)_ !!_ !@_ !#_ !$_ !%_ !^_ !&_ !*_ !(_ @)_ @!_ @@_

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MIRCHI .c

INDIAN + NEPALESE KITCHEN

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Greenwood Plaza 36 Blue Street, North Sydney NSW 2216 Greenwood Plaza, Shop No FC13 Australia Phone : +61401200190 email:mirchinsydney@gmail.com

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j[4 x/]s josf ;h{sx¿sf] ;+nUgtf uhn n]vgdf kfOG5 . uhndf h:tf] Jofks cfsif{0f ;flxTosf c¿ If]qdf b]vfkb}{g cfh . g]kfnL uhnnfO{ cem psf:t} gofF cfofd / l;+uf/k6f/ yKb} n}hfg ;lqmo ;h{sdWo] cu|k+lQmdf kg]{ ;|i6f x'g\ 8f= b'a;' If]qL . ;[hgfsf cg]s kmfF6df hfFu/ 5l/P klg logsf] k|d'v / lk|o n]vg If]q sljtf–uLt– uhn–d'Qms h:tf sfJo ljwf g} x'g\ . o;} If]qdf s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 pgsf] n]vg .

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k|:t't uhn s[lt …cdn]v dgÚ b'a;' If]qLsf] uhn ;fwgfsf] rdTs[t ¿k eP/ b]vfk/]sf] 5 . k|]d, k|0fo / /fufTdstfo'Qm uhnsf] cflwSo /x] klg o; tfhf ;ªu|xdf dfG5]leqsf cf:yf, kL8f, s'07f, lhhLljiff, :jfledfg, ;+3if{, :jtGqtf, a]lylt, lj;Ëlth:tf kIf klg oqtq 5rlNsPsf b]lvG5g\ . ;[hgfTdstfsf b[li6n] dfgs ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 of] s[lt . b'a;'sf] uhn n]vg lzNknfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofpg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5gs kfOG5 pgsf] kfFrf}+ ;+Vofsf] uhns[ltsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] o; …cdn]v dgÚ df . :t/Lo, k|f~hn, ;'Gb/, ;'?lrk"0f{ uhnx¿sf] :jflbnf] rf:gLsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 – uhn s[lt …cdn]v dgÚ .

b'a;' k|;Ëdf Psfu| x'Fbf ctLtdf 8'a'lNsg k'U5 d]/f] dg . …/rgfÚ klqsf ;Dkfbgsf qmddf x'nfsaf6 cfPsf kqx¿ s]nfpFbf Pp6f kqdf Wofg cfslif{t x'GYof] d]/f] . lj=;+= @)#^ lt/sf] ;do x'g'kb{5 . uhn, sljtf n]Vg k|oTg u/]sf] b]lvGYof] To; kqdf / k|sfzgfy{ k7fOPsf] x'GYof] l;h{gf ;fdu|L . kq n]vs lszf]/ josf cWoogzLn, g]kfnL ;flxTosf lh1f;' kf7sem}+ nfUby] . d]/f] Wofg rflx+ kq n]vssf] gfddf s]lGb|t x'GYof] . b]jb"t lbnbf; …b'a;'Ú, ch{'gwf/f, emfkf, d]rL c~rn n]lvPsf] x'GYof] ToxfF . lgs}kl5 kq klqsfdf b'a;' If]qLsf] gfddf k|sflzt sljtf k9\bf c8\sn sf6]+ ltg} b]jb"t lbnbf; …b'a;'Ú g} b'a;' If]qL /x]5g\ . rlr{t / :yflkt x'Fb} uPkl5 logsf sljtf …/rgfÚ df 198 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

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k|sflzt x'Fb} uP . o;/L b]jb"t lbnbf; b]lv b'a;' If]qL x'Fbf;Ddsf] logsf] ;[hgfofqfnfO{ lgs6af6 x]g]{ cj;/ kfPsf] 5' d}n] . cfˆgf] k|v/ k|flte Ifdtf, lg/Gt/sf] ;fwgf, ;[hgzLntf / ;flxTok|ltsf] ;dk{0f efjn] g} g]kfnL sfJo If]qsf ;dsfnLg k':tfdf k|v/ af}l4s lrGtgfo'Qm ;h{ssf] kl/ro agfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ cfh 8f= b'a;' If]qL .

cfˆgf] kfFrf}+ uhns[lt …cdn]v dgÚ k|sflzt ug]{ cj;/ lbPsf]df ;|i6f 8f= b'a;' If]qLk|lt /rgf k|sfzg s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . slj b'a;' If]qLsf] ;[hgfTds pj{/tfn] pQ/f]Q/ lzv/ r'Db} hfg] ljZjf;;lxt xflb{s z'esfdgf Û

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k"0ff{Í – !&%

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

/rgf ÷ 199

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200 ÷ /rgf

kmfu'g—r}t @)&*

k"0ff{Í – !&%