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On June 26, 1974, a 10-pack of Wrigley’s Juicy Fruit gum became the first item ever swiped across a supermarket UPC scanner. Come along with as we scan bar codes!

UPC CODES

by Janet Spencer N THE BEGINNING.....

• The invention of the UPC code began back in 1948, when the president of the Food Fair chain of grocery stores went to see the dean of Philadelphia’s Drexel Institute of Technology to beg him to instigate research on capturing product information automatically at the checkout counter. The dean said no, but the entire conversation had been overheard by a graduate student named Bernard Silver.

• Silver was intrigued and mentioned the issue to his friend Joseph Woodland, who was a graduate student and teacher at Drexel.

Together the two men began to work on the project.

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• Woodland, who had once worked on the Manhattan Project, had recently been working on a plan to improve Musak through renovations in sound technology. He was mulling over Silver’s product information problem while lounging on Miami Beach one day. He pulled his fingers through the sand, leaving lines. This gave him the idea to begin with Morse code and just extend the lines, so dots became skinny lines and dashes became fat lines— the first bar code!

• To read the code, Woodland used the same technology he’d been working with on his Musak project. The technology was originally invented for movie sound tracks: sound was printed in a light-and-dark pattern on a transparent strip along the edges of the film, read by a light, transformed to electric waveforms, converted to sound, and played by loudspeakers. Woodland and Silver filed a patent application on October 20, 1949.

Continued...

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Page 2

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Bar Codes Continued...

• In 1951 Woodland got a job with IBM where he hoped to push his invention forward. In his spare time, he and Silver built the first actual bar code scanner in the middle of Woodland’s living room. The finished product was the size of desk, wrapped in oil cloth to keep out the light, and used a 500-watt light bulb along with the same kind of photomultiplier tube used in movie sound systems, which was hooked up to an oscilloscope. When a bar code on a piece of paper was moved across a beam of light from the bulb, the beam was reflected into the tube of the sound system, which caused the signal of the oscilloscope to move, which translated what had been on the paper. It was crude, huge, and so terribly hot that it caused the paper to catch on fire, but it worked! Their patent was granted in 1952.

• IBM offered to buy the patent, but Woodland and Silver thought the offer was too low. A few weeks later, Philco met their price and purchased the patent in 1962.

Philco later sold the patent rights to RCA.

by Samantha Weaver * It was U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey who made the following sage observation: “Compassion is not weakness and concern for the unfortunate is not socialism.” * Chop Suey is not actually a Chinese dish; it was invented in California. * Dick Simon, one of the founders of the Simon and Schuster publishing company, was struggling in his business when he visited his aunt in 1924. She had been looking for a book of crossword puzzles to give to her daughter, but the puzzles being relatively new (first appearing in newspapers in 1913), there was no compilation available. Seeing an opportunity for his fledgling business, Simon and his partner, Lincoln Schuster, published a book of puzzles right away. The puzzle book was an instant best seller, and its revenues supported Simon and Schuster while the publishing company was establishing itself.

• Meanwhile, technology progressed relentlessly. By the late 1960s, lasers were common and inexpensive. Lasers used a single milli-watt helium-neon beam instead of a 500-watt incandescent bulb.

Integrated circuits were invented, and suddenly a single microchip could do the work of a wall full of switches. The bars of the bar code were revised to record the numbers 0 through 9 instead of Morse code.

• Railroads were interested in bar codes because tracking freight cars caused an impossible tangle of paperwork. In 1969, railroads became the first industry to make widespread use of the bar code. General Trading Company of New Jersey followed suit, using bar codes to direct shipments to the right loading docks in its distribution facility. Then the General Motors plant in Michigan began to use them to monitor production.

• In 1973, the Uniform Grocery Product Code set nationwide standards for the bar code and the Universal Product Continued on pg 3...

* You might be surprised to learn that in 1967, the Monkees chose Jimi Hendrix to be the opening act for their summer tour of the U.S. The pairing didn’t last long, though; Hendrix discreetly left the tour after he was banned by the Daughters of the American Revolution for being too sexually suggestive. * If you have a particularly quiet friend, he or she might suffer from Laliophobia, a fear of speaking. * Those who study such things say that if you’re playing a game of Monopoly, you’re most likely to land on B&O Railroad and Illinois Avenue. ***Thought for the Day: “The great secret of success is to go through life as a man who never gets used up. That is possible for him who never argues and strives with men and facts, but in all experience retires upon himself, and looks for the ultimate cause of things in himself.” -- Albert Schweitzer (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Page 3

Code – or UPC – was born. The National Cash Register Company began building efficient scanners and introduced the first model at the 1974 convention of the Super Market Institute.

• Six weeks later, on June 26, 1974 at the Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio, a jumbo package of Wrigley’s chewing gum was the first item ever scanned. It just happened to be the first item out of the shopping cart of a shopper, and it is on display at the Smithsonian Institute.

carriers; for coding blood in blood banks; for following applications in the Patent Office; for identifying people in places like hospitals, libraries, and cafeterias; for sorting baggage at airports; for marking clothing left at the dry cleaner’s; for monitoring radiocollared endangered animals; and for keeping track of logs in lumberyards.

The Army uses them to identify ships. Runners in the New York City Marathon don bar codes on their vests and the computer records the order in which they cross the finish line. At the Masters Golf Tournament in Georgia, bar codes on spectator passes prevent scalping and theft of badges.

NASA put bar codes on the backs of heat-resistant tiles to make sure they were installed on the correct spots of the space shuttles. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires all hazardous materials have bar codes that can be easily scanned to find out its characteristics in case there’s an accident.

• The UPC code is composed of two sets of five digits which give the manufacturer’s code first and the product code second, so that every item scanned has its own unique ID number. The identifying numerals are also printed along the bottom of the bar code for the sake of the checkers, in case the scanner is down or the bar code has been partially obscured and the item needs to be entered by hand.

There’s also a single digit on the left side that identifies which type of product the item is: meat, produce, drugs, etc. And a single digit on the right acts as a “check digit.” It adds up some of the previous numbers and subtracts them from 10 to come up with the magic ‘Everything OK’ number. If someone has altered the code with a felt tip marker, • Silver, who died in 1963 at the age the numbers don’t add up and the of 38, never got to see his invention product is rejected. reach phenomenal proportions. But • Modern optical scanners use the Woodland was awarded the National same basic principal introduced Medal of Technology by President

by Woodland and Silver: a beam Bush in 1992. of light passing across the code records the light and dark spaces as electrical pulses, which are fed into a computer that can recognize the series of pulses as characters and match them to products. The information is fed to the computer, which not only knows the price of the item but also acts as an inventory system, tracking how much of any given item is still on hand, how fast it’s being sold, when it will need to be re-ordered, how many coupons have been redeemed, as well as tracking community purchasing patterns.

• Bar codes are not just for pricing products. They are also used for tracking inventory on aircraft

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Page 4

TO YOUR GOOD HEALTH

By Keith Roach, M.D. Honey Has Sweet Healing Qualities DEAR DR. ROACH: I am diabetic and had a sore on my big toe about a year ago that wouldn’t heal, so my podiatrist sent me to a doctor at a hospital wound center. After three visits, the doctor started talking about removing a bone from my toe, and I refused to accept it.

I came across a catalog that had alternative remedies for some health problems. One of the items was a wound honey, used to treat diabetic sores and bed-pressure sores. I ordered some and started using it, and within three weeks my sore had started to heal. I went back to my regular podiatrist and told him what I had used, and he was aware of that type of treatment. More can be found out about the healing properties of wound honey on the Internet.

I felt compelled to share this with others who may be facing the same problem. It is a far better option than amputation. -- L.G. ANSWER: Honey has been used since ancient times for wound healing, and modern science confirms it is an effective way of treating superficial burns and ulcers. It has been shown to have antibacterial properties, as well as antimicrobial properties, and is a potentially useful treatment for many burns and ulcers. I have found that few of my colleagues are aware of this.

I have two concerns to pass along with your story.

First, honey may not be appropriate for all types of diabetic sores. Honey has been used for superficial and slightly deeper ulcers, which we call stage 2 and 3. The evidence for honey in a stage 4 ulcer is less clear.

Also, one needs to be extraordinarily careful about the quality of medical information available on the Internet. I strongly recommend starting with Medline Plus (www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus), which references trusted sources for information.

DEAR DR. ROACH: I am an 82-year-old male who exercises regularly for strength, cardiovascular fitness, agility and flexibility. I prefer stair-climbing workouts ranging from about 20 to 115 flights of stairs. I would like your opinion on this type of exercise. I have what appears to be some moderate knee arthritis and have heard that stair climbing can be harmful to the knees. I do not experience knee pain while climbing stairs. -- D.K. ANSWER: Osteoarthritis used to be called “degenerative” or “wear and tear” arthritis, both of which suggest that you could be damaging your knees from exercise. However, this doesn’t seem to be true.

Exercise turns out to be one of the most important treatments of osteoarthritis, and one that shows a significant improvement in function and quality of life, far better than the medications many people take. Most people should start slow and build up, but you are exercising at quite an intense level. I offer you congratulations and don’t recommend stopping.

The arthritis booklet discusses osteoarthritis, rheumatoid rthritis, and lupus. Readers can order a copy by writing: Dr. Roach -- No. 301W, Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. Enclose a check or money order (no cash) for $4.75 U.S./$6 Canada. with the recipient’s printed name and address. Please allow four weeks for delivery. *** Dr. Roach regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but will incorporate them in the column whenever possible. Readers may email questions to ToYourGoodHealth@med.cornell.edu. To view and order health pamphlets, visit www.rbmamall.com, or write to P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. (c) 2015 North America Synd., Inc. All Rights Reserved

GROCERY STORE FACTS !

• In 1936 a grocer named Goldman in Oklahoma noticed that people stopped shopping as soon as their arms got full. Most shoppers brought their own hand held baskets from home. So Goldman invented a big basket on wheels so shoppers could buy more. Shoppers at first resisted using the grocery cart, feeling it made them look silly. Goldman hired women to walk around the store putting items in their carts.

Goldman made a fortune selling his baskets to other stores.

• A store will lose about 12% of its carts every year to theft. Each cart costs about $100.

•In a typical year about 33,000 accidents involving shopping carts will be reported.

•The average American makes 3.4 trips to the grocery store each week. Fridays are the most popular days for grocery shopping. Saturdays and Tuesdays tie for second place.

•Women do the grocery shopping 70% of the time; men do it 17% of the time; and the rest of the time they do it together. Less than half of shoppers shop alone.

•Grocery stores are designed to make the customer walk as far as possible, with basic staples placed at the far ends of the store.

Studies show it's how far the person walks in the store rather than the amount of time spent in the store that influences how much money is spent.

• Whatever department is closest to the door in a grocery store will typically sell 1% more merchandise than if it's placed elsewhere in the store.

• A typical store will have over 25,000 items displayed including 243 items in the produce department alone. continued on page 6...

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Page 5

GET NOTICED IN

Always

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Fun PAWS CORNER By: Sam Mazzotta Dogs Gone Wild DEAR PAW’S CORNER: We recently took a long weekend vacation with our Yorkie, “Maxie,” staying in a pet-friendly hotel. Every day in the lobby we had to protect Maxie from the most aggressive dog I’ve seen in a long while. We spoke to the manager, but I don’t think he did anything about it. It ruined our stay. What should we have done? -- Will in Memphis DEAR WILL: Without knowing more about your stay, I can only recommend that you write the hotel management and owners about your experience. They need to know how unhappy you were about the way they handled your complaint about a misbehaving dog, or they’ll never know why they may have lost you as a customer.

For dog owners who want to travel with their pet, it’s important to keep it under control at all times. If a dog isn’t well-socialized or gets very stressed out around lots of strange people and other pets, owners should either work to fix the issue through specific training, or consider not bringing their dog along.

Many dogs do get excited and boisterous in new places, and bark or jump. Even if their owners don’t see their behavior as dangerous or aggressive, other owners and their dogs may take it the wrong way. Again, consistent training in basic behavior commands can be a big help.

Another way to really acclimate your dog to travel is ... well, travel.

Start with short day trips to fun places like parks, and then work your way up to longer, more ambitious destinations.

Send your questions about pet care to ask@pawscorner.com. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Tidbits® of Ventura County

Page 6 Continued from pg 4...

• The apple is the most popular produce item, followed by oranges, bananas, lettuce, pota-

toes, and tomatoes.

• Cereals high in sugar are always stored at kids' eye level whereas nutritious brands are placed at the adult eye level. Children's cereals have an average of 44% sugar but adult cereals have 10% sugar. A typical store has 124 cold cereals.

• It was 1910 when the first premium was packed inside a cereal box. The Jungleland Funny Moving Pictures Book was put inside each box of Kellogg's Corn Flakes.

• The items most likely to be shoplifted from a supermarket are cigarettes, health and beauty aids, meat, seafood, and batteries.

• It's estimated that 34% of shoppers do not pay attention to food labels.

•Lemon Pledge furniture polish has more lemon in it than Country Time Lemonade does.

• The FDA ordered Mazola to remove the words "no cholesterol" from its label because the product had never contained cholesterol, nor does any vegetable oil contain cholesterol.

•The Federal Trade Commission went up against ITT Continental in 1979 for claiming their Fresh Horizons bread contained five times the fiber as whole wheat bread.

The claim was true, but the company didn't mention the extra fiber came from wood pulp.

•Sales and consumption of white bread increased every year up until 1963, when it began a slow decline.

• Ever wonder why you never see Grade B eggs at the supermarket? Those are the eggs that are sent to bakeries and other factories where the less-than-perfect eggs are used as an ingredient.

• When supermarkets first made the scene, one store called the Alpha Beta arranged everything in alphabetical order so that customers could find everything.

Noteworthy Inventions... JOHN PATTERSON

• John Patterson's coal company had a problem with employees robbing the till. There was no reliable method of making sure clerks didn't simply help themselves to the cash that came into the store during the day. When Patterson heard about a saloonkeeper who had solved the problem by inventing a money tabulating machine, he investigated.

• The machine was a crude cash register that kept a running tab of money received during the day.

The saloon keeper patented it in 1879 but had sold only 19 in two years. Patterson ordered two of them sight unseen. They cost $50 each. In the next six months his previously unprofitable coal store turned a $5,000 profit because employees were no longer able to stuff money in their pockets.

• Patterson was so impressed that he bought the cash register company for $6,500. He re-named the company National Cash Register, shortened to NCR. He was convinced that selling cash registers would make him rich.

• He started out by mailing out 90,000 brochures to every major retailer in the Midwest. It was the nation's first serious direct-mail campaign— and was a complete failure. Patterson discovered that the brochures had been received by the same salesclerks that were stealing cash. The brochures were destroyed before they could be seen by the business owners.

• Patterson changed his strategy, next sending out fancy hand-addressed envelopes marked "highly confidential." Inside, the store owners found a fancy invitation asking them to come to the best hotel in town for a demonstration of a fool-proof method of ending employee theft forever. Just for showing up they would receive a handsome gift (such as a nice letter opener).

completely memorized, drilling them on questions prospective customers might ask. He instructed them how to behave towards the clients, and sent them fully prepared into the field. He also gave each salesman their own territory, which was another new innovation.

Then he invented the sales convention, which was "part circus, part camp meeting, and part Chautauqua."

• Cash register sales, barely 1,000 in 1886, reached 15,000 in 1892 and 100,000 in 1910. The following year, NCR sold its millionth machine, as it became apparent that a cash register was an essential tool for retail sales.

• Next he turned to improving conditions for his workers. In an era of sweatshops, his factory in Dayton, Ohio, had floor-toceiling windows and landscaped gardens. There were hot showers and a cafeteria serving subsidized food. Free medical care was provided. Employees were invited to take advantage of night school, a library, and lectures and concerts, which were all on company grounds and provided for free.

• But Patterson had a temper as well, and was well known for firing people on a whim. One of the people he fired was Charles Kettering, who had designed many improvements in the cash register. Charles was fired for failing to demonstrate proper horsemanship in a company exhibition. Kettering went to work for the auto industry instead, where he made many astonishing discoveries. Another fired employee was Thomas Watson, who subsequently went to work transforming IBM into an industrial giant.

• By the time Patterson died in 1922 at the age of 78, National Cash Register was a thriving industry. His son took over after his death and • Patterson's next move was to carefully coach all his salesmen in what was the nation's first "canned ensured that the company continued to thrive. speech." He made sure they had their sales speech

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Page 77 Page

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TUCHUS TUCHUS anages toRussian goof everything up. A “schlemazel” space station Mir to form It is immediately obvious to declarer anages to goof everything up. A “schlemazel” the poor,the down-on-his-luck buffoon who ever is al-to that if the cards lie unfavorably, he largest man-made satellite the poor, down-on-his-luck who is al- posmight nds like “took us” and itbuffoon refers totohuman one’s unds like “took us” and it refers one’s pos- lose three diamonds and a orbit It was the 100th ays the butt of the the Earth. joke, the guy for whom nothays the butt of the joke, the guy for whom noth- trump — possibly even two trumps if space mission in U.S.analogy history.defines gor ever goes right.

The common that goes over the fence r,schlemiel or“the “the part that goes over thedefines fencelast.” last.” g ever goespart right.

The common analogy as a guy who spills hisSynd., soup,Inc. and a © 2015 King Features schlemiel as a guy who spills his soup, and a word eventually word eventually evolved into“tush,” “tush,”which which hlemazel as the guyevolved he spills it into on. hlemazel as the guy he spills it on. mmonly-usedSCHMUTZ euphemism ommonly-used euphemismacross acrossthe theboard board SCHMUTZ onounced “shmoots,” this refers to dirt, gunk onounced “shmoots,” thisfar? refers to dirt, gunk orms ofamedia.

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SCHMOOZE SCHMOOZE hether it’s the idle chatter you muster up durhether it’s the idle chatter you muster up durg a holiday cocktail party, or the “networking” g a holiday cocktail party, or the “networking” ou do during a corporate mixer, it’s all ou do during a corporate mixer, it’s all chmoozing” in the end. The fine art of rubbing chmoozing” in the end. The fine art of rubbing bows and making happy at a social event comes bows and making happy at a social event comes om the Yiddish word schmooze, which literally om the Yiddish word schmooze, which literally eans “chat.” eans “chat.” ■

EST ESTWISHES WISHESFOR FORAAWONDERFUL WONDERFUL

King Features Weekly Service

ddish words on aa daily basis?

Unlike you didn’t know you probably use ddish words on already dailythat basis?

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Unlike say, ou didn’t know already that you probably use which originated in France and today is ddish words on a daily basis?

Unlike say, ench, which originated in basis?

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Who among us hasn’t was a language developed by Eastern was a language developed by Eastern Eurolled themselves a “klutz” when they drop somed Romance languages.

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Parn our chutzpah, but Tidbits is going give you chance to add to your vocabulary. n our chutzpah, but Tidbits is going to give you of adoption of the to Declaration w, and sprinkled it with portions of ew, and sprinkled it with portions ofSlavic Slavic chance tosary add to the your vocabulary. n our chutzpah, but Tidbits is going to give you chance to add to your vocabulary. of Independence.

Both men had been chance to add to your vocabulary.

KIBITZ chance to add to your vocabulary. omance languages.

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Who amongus ushasn’t hasn’t central inKIBITZ drafting the among historic docuKIBITZ KIBITZ terally means to look over someone’s shoulder KIBITZ means look over someone’s shoulder ment.to terally means to look over someone’s shoulder themselves a “klutz” when they drop dterally themselves a “klutz” when they dropsomesomehile playing cards.

A is makes terally means to look over someone’s shoulder hile playing cards.

A kibitzer kibitzer is one one who who makes • On June 30, 1859, Frenchman terally means to look over someone’s shoulder hile playing cards.

A kibitzer is one who makes comments or interrupts with irritatcards.

A is makes Emile becomes first dare- Parnecessary comments ormistake interrupts with irritat?hile Or called aaBlondin minor awho ?necessary Orplaying called minor mistake a“glitch”? “glitch”?

Parhile playing cards.

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As a rule, we really don’t appreciate necessary comments or interrupts with irritatdevil to walk across Niagara Falls on gnecessary patter. Ascomments a rule, weorreally don’t with appreciate interrupts irritatg patter. aa rule, we really appreciate ur chutzpah, but Tidbits isdon’t going totoand give our chutzpah, but Tidbits is going give you aAs tightrope.

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As a rule, rule, we really don’t appreciate y kibitzing from the peanut gallery. yellow tunic, Blondin crossed a cable y kibitzing from the peanut gallery.

MAVEN ynce kibitzing from the peanut gallery. nce totoadd to your vocabulary. add to your vocabulary.

MAVEN about 2 inches in diameter and 1,100MAVEN

June 15, 2015

OY! OY!IT’S IT’SYIDDISH YIDDISH

1/8 Pg.

“Caddy” Position 2” x 6”

Games

September 12-18, 2005

the suit breaks 4-0.

It is also obvious to South that he can get home safe and sound, even if the trumps are divided 3-1 rather than 2-2, if he can prevent East from gaining the lead with a trump for a diamond return through the king.

Accordingly, after winning the heart lead with the ace and discarding a diamond from his hand, declarer plays a trump from dummy and, when East produces the eight, covers it with the nine!

In the actual hand, the nine loses to the jack, and South is impervious to attack. Whatever West returns, South draws trumps, disposes of another diamond on dummy’s fourth club and winds up with 10 tricks.

Observe that if declarer starts by playing the A-K of trumps — making no effort to protect against East’s holding three trumps — he goes down one against proper defense, losing a spade and three diamonds.

Golf Addict It is true that South’s effort to avoid losing a trump trick to East would cost him a trick if the trumps were divided 2-2. However, he should be willing to lose this 30-point trick in the interests of safety. The operative principle is that you don’t play the spades so as to assure the maximum number of spade tricks, but to assure the maximum chance for the contract.

1. COMICS: What was the favorit food of Popeye’s pal Wimpy?

2. GEOGRAPHY: What is th world’s largest coral reef?

3. MOVIES: What was the profes sion of Jimmy Stewart’s character i the movie “Rear Window”?

4. HISTORY: During which war wa the Battle of Midway fought?

5. DISCOVERIES: When was Coca Cola invented?

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 3.33” 6.x 2” What was Carry A. Nation’s favorit weapon to use against saloons?

7. BIOLOGY: What is the name o the pigment that makes plants green?

8. ART: Which abstract painter wa dubbed “Jack the Dripper”?

9. SPACE: Who were the first an second humans to walk on the Moon?

By The Jerrymovie King “Bound fo 10. MUSIC: Glory” tells the story of which famou singer/songwriter?

Answers 1. Hamburgers 2. Great Barrier Reef 3. Photographer 4. World War II 5. 1886 6. Hatchet 7. Chlorophyll 8. Jackson Pollock 9. American astronauts Neil Arm strong (first) and Buzz Aldrin (second 10. Woody Guthrie

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© 2005 King Features Synd., Inc.

© 2005 King Features Synd., Inc.

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