The Vigornian December 1882 by King's Worcester

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'ign~nian. THE WORCESTER CATH EDRAL SCH DOL CHR(lN ICLE. No. 6, Vol. I.

DECEMBER, 1882.

Qtontentg. PAGE

Reforms in Cricket and Football. • •• .. Cathedral Schools-their Origin and Early History.. A Trip to Naini Tal and the Himalayas •• .. A Visit to the British Museum - Ornithological '... .. .. .. Department Rambles round Worcester in Search of Lepidoptera Athletic-Sports •• .• .. .• Speech Day . . Football Qbituary .. .. .. King's Scholarships' Examinations School News •• •• .. • School Officers Corresponden,c,e."

67 68 71 75 77 78 79 80 81 82 82 82 82

~£fnrmg in Qttidtd anh Jfnntball. ~

hav~ received an article from "H" on

_ lil1l~1 the above subject. Ourcorrespondent

. ~, objects to any reform in eith611,game

as needless. "Cricket and Football" he says, "have now long flourished among us,' and skilful 'f>layers in either game find no fault in the way the game is played." How far this is true we must leave those of our readers who take, part .,in the games to judge. There is room for reform in a greater or less degree almost everywhere, and even cricket and football, played though "" they certainly are with a great degree of per~ fection, are not wholly exceptions to the rule. Our correspondent warmly, and rightly so, as we think, upholds the existing Rugby rules. "We

Price is.

who know the game" he says, "who love and enjoy its excitement and its invigorating nature, can only pity those careful mis-informed persons, who view the game with dislike. I venture to say that if they played a sufficient number of times to understand the various rules and restrictions of the game, all their fancies and ignorant dislikes would vanish' and they would enjoy it as well as we do." Passing on, our correspondent next reviews several of the reforms which have been proposed as beneficial to cricket. "Here again" he says "the ignorance of the so-called reformers has been manifested in the greatest degree by their remarks on tllis noble gam,E;l. First comes the cry of danger As a fair sample of theu- arguments they say that if the balL were to hit you on the head in might kill; yes, we agree with them, it might kill. But do we know of one single pastime where there is not danger of one kind or another, and is mete possibility to step in, and cast gloom over ..Jery seemingly harmless pleasure. Among other complaints against cricket is one com plaining of the unnatural length of the important matches. There is perhaps more reason in this, but could they'not commence rather earlier in the day ~ of course the reformers are not behind hand with a suggestion. Theypropose dispensing with the elaborate luncheons which are often

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provided. Englishmen have always worked or the Pelagian heresy. At Canterbury also w~ fought better when they have had a good meal hear of a school existing at least as early as than when half-starved, and hunger is by no A.i:>. 636, or thereabouts, which Felix, who came means conducive to good-wil1." Our correspond into England as a missionary in that year and ent also criticises minor reforms in the scoring, became Bishop of DunchUTch, in Suffolk, took &c. The present is an age of reformation, and as the model for a school, which he founded in Cricket and Football must expect to be attacked. his diocese. This school at Canterbury was All we can hope for is that when suqJiis the reconstituted, or possibly supplemented by a case, the matter may fall into the ilands of . new foundation, about 40 years later, during the impartial reformers who will maintain the Primacy of Archbishop Theodore, by Hadrian, position of our two first national games. Abbot of S. Peter's (afterwal'ds S. Augus tine's) Monastery. .To this school, as we are told by the Venerable Bede, "a crowd of pupils eadJ1 ~igh)'rJ1. was assembled, while streams of sound learning ~ E think that some of our readers may flowed daily for the watering of their minds," IJliJ!~~ like to be told something of the ante instruction being given in astronomy, music, ~1 cedents and origin of our School. We and medicine, as well as in 'the rules of ecclesi shall endeavour then, as far as the limits of a astical arithmetic' (i.e., for the calculation of paper such as this will allow, to collect and Ohurch seasons) and' in the volumes of· sacred set fin order such materials for the history of letters.' We must not however suppose that Cathedral Schools from their commencement, as the classics were neglected. We are assured by lie within our reach. From the very earliest Bede, that the pupils 'knew Greek and Latin times, schools have grown up under the foster as well as their own tongue in which they were ing care of the Church. At one time it would born.' This school became the prototype of the seem, that Classes were held and instruction yet more famous school at York in the next cen given in the sacred buildings themselves. At tury, at which the illustrious Alcuin received his any rate it appears that as early as the fourth education. Through the influence pf Alcuin with century schools of grammar and rhetoric were the Emperor Charles the Great(commonly called Charlemagne,) edl}cation was spread, oI).the Con attached' to some of the churches at Con who stantinople, and doubtless the same custom tinent also. For, prompted by him,ChaXles, g. existed elsewhere. Among the Canons of' the was fond of attracting learned men to his Court, Sixth General Council, held at Constantinople not only himself founded schools of some in the year 680, is one which directs "that importance at Paris, Tours, and Lyons, but also Presbyters in country towns and villages should issued an ordinance, commanding the Bishops have schools to teach all such children as were and Abbots in his dominions to establish sent to them," while another Canon speaks of schools in connection with their Cathedrals and schools inchurches and monasteriessubject to the monasteries. By means of these schools, learn Bishop's care and direction, from which we may ing,which had almost died out in the stormy gather, that schools were commonly found in times which preceded the reign of Charles, once connection with cathedral and other churches. more revived. " The cathedral and conventuaf We may remind our readers, that in this same schools, created or restored by Charlemagne," to year (A.D. 680) the See of Worcester is said to quote the words of Hallam, " became the means have been founded. Even earlier than this, in of preseTVing that smallportion of learning which. the middle of the fifth century, schools of continued to exist." The example thus ,set by learning are said to have. been established in· the religious foundations within the dominions . the west of England in the diocese of Caerleon, of Charles would doubtless be followed in the (which then includedWorcester) hy S. Germanus, neighbouring countries, so that it is probable who, with S. Lupus, was sent over from Gaul in that the zeal of Alcuin reacted upon his native the year 429, in order to oppose and suppress. land, and stimulated the spread of educatio,,;n

Q!athrural §thO'Dle: fhrir ®riyin anu

THE VIGORNIAN. England as well as on the Continent. At any rate, a school came to be looked upon as almost a necessary part of a monastery. Especially 'was this the case with the mumerous monastic establishments, which followed the Rule of S. Benedict, in the number of which must be included several of the English Cathedrals. That which had thus become the rule was made bind ing by the Lateran Councils, held in A.D. 1179 and 1215,by which itwas ordered, "that a school mastershallbeprovidedin every cathedral church for teaching the poorer classes and the young." And here let us observe, that these monastic schools were not by any means intended only for the young. More often they were de signed principally for the instruction of older students, numbers of who:p1 flocked to these founts of learning. At the same time, in accord ance with the Benedictine Rule, quite young men, even boys, were received as monks, while the Benedictine schools admitted other boys as well as those designed to be monks or clergymen. As to the course of study pursued at these ancient seats of learning, the subjects of instruction comprised in addition to Latin and Greek,whatwas calledthe Trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric, together with the Quadrivium, which embraced arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. But we must pass· on Jrom the pre-Reformation schools to those with which we are more especially con cerned,namely,the schools founded one-founded by Henry VIII. with part of the spoils of the cathedral monasteries, which he so ruthlessly suppressed. The establishment of these schools was indeed but a poor recompense for the wholesale destruction which he had brought upon those ancient homes of learning, the lesser as well as the greater monasteries. For, while on the 'one hand, as we learn from good authority, more grammar schools had been erected and endowed in England during the 30 years preceding the Reformation than in three centuries before, on the other hand, the loss of the monastic schools was felt so keenly, that in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, A.D. 1562, the Speaker of the House of Commons, Williams, complained that more than' a hundred flourishing,' schools were

d~stroyed, which had been maintained by the monasteries, and that ignorance had greatly increased from it. And this wholesale des-" truction seems to have affected the Universities also. For almost every monastery had its pro-" vision for several scholars at Oxford or Cam bridge, a fact which probablyin part explains the large number of students, who are said to have flocked to the Universities during the Middle A?es. Now, however, all this was done away WIth by the confiscation of monastic property, so that we find even so ardent a reformer as the Bishop Latimer, of Worcester, deplorinO' • . b mjury done to learning by the destruction of the ancient Foundations. "Truly," he says, "it is a pitiful thing to see schools so neg lected; every true Christian ought to lament the same; . . . to consider what hath been plucked from abbeys, colleges, and chantries. · . . " Schools are not maintained; scholars have not exhibition. . . .. It would pity. li man's heart to know what I hear of the state of Cambridge; what it is at Oxford I cannot tell. · ... I think there be at this day (A.D. 1550) ten thousand students less than were within these twenty years, and fewer preachers." It was then the least that could be expected from the royal spoiler, that he should endeavour to make some provision for the promotion of education in the future. This he did by the foundation or reorganization of schools in connection with those Cathedrals, which had previously had a monastic foundation, and which, subsequent to theReformation, have been known as the Cathe drals of the 'New Foundation.' Theyare so called in contradistinction to the Cathedrals of the 'Old Foundation,'which were left untouched by Henry VtII., consisting, as they did, of colleges of what were called 'Secular' Priests to distinguish them from the ' Regular' or Mona~ic Clergy. These 'New Foundations' may be divided into two classes·:-those which had previously. existed as conventual chapters; eight in number, namely, Canterbury, Carlisle, Durham, Ely, Norwich, Rochester, Winchester, and Worcester, and secondly, those which were founded as new Sees out of the spoils snatched from the monasteries. These were five in

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THE VIGORNIAN.

number, namely, Bristol, Chester, Gloucester, Oxford, and Peterborough. . In connection with most of these Cathedrals a Cathedral School will be found existing. At Winchester, the ground was of course already occupied by William of Wykeham's noble foundation, and consequently no fresh provision for education was required. Oxford too, as being t:6e seat of a University, was in a different position from the rest. The King therefore thought it sufficient to provide a schoolmaster for the instruction of the eight choristers, whom he appointed as part of the new cathedral estab lishment at Oxford. In some, probably in most of the remaining Cathedrals of the New Found ation, a school already existed. For a large proportion of them followed the Benedictine Rule, and, as we have seen, the instruction of youth was distinctly recognised as one of the duties of the monks of the order of S. Benedict. But in the case of nearly all of them the school was placed upon a new footing at the Reforma tion, an endowment being provided, in most cases, for two masters, while provision was at the same time made for the maintenance of a certain number of poor scholars, generally known as 'King's Scholars.' The number of scholarships thus endowed at the several Cathedrals varied considerably,and in some cases changes have been since made in the number and value of them. Thus, while at Worcester we have 40 King's Scholarships, founded by Henry VIII., at Canterbury there were 50, at Chester, 24, at Peterborough and Rochester, 20, at Durham there are 18; at Ely, 12, at Bristol but 2, while at Norwich, Gloucester,and Carlisle scholarships seem to have formed no part of the foundation. These scholars were to be maintained at the expense of the Cathedral, being provided with food at the common table, which was shared by the several members of the Cathedral Body to which they belonged. Careful provision was made by the King for ·their religious training, while instruction was to be given them in grammar and the other subjects which were then considered to form

part of a liberal education, by the two masters, known respectively as' the Schoolmaster' and 'the Usher,'- who, as we have already said, formed .part of the cathedral staff in nearly, if not quite, all of the new Foundations. In some cases a separate master was provided for the choristers, while in others the choristers pro bably received their education together with the King's Scholars. It is possible indeed, that the musical instruction of the cho;isters may have formed the chief or. sole duty of the magister choristarum. As to the title, by which the schools thus connected with the Cathedrals were known, several names seem to have been bestowed almost indiscriminately upon them:. Thus, at different times and in different Cathedrals, the school has been named the King's Scb,ool, the Cathedral School, the Grammar or Free School (Schola Libera), the College School, and even, perhaps, the Royal School (at least in the Latin, Schola Regia). The 'Cathedral Grammar School' is' probably the original, and perhaps the best, full title of a school such as ou.!' own. But in past time our school has undoubtedly, and not improperly, been spoken of as 'the Grammar School' simply, as for instance in the will of the founder of the Meeke Scholarships, where it see1ps to us that there can be no doubt that our schoolis intended, as he speaks of being educated under the famous Bright, who was Master ofthe Cathedral School for 40 years, as we are told in thei.nscrip tion to his memory in the Cathedral. We have thought fit to record our opinion on this point, as an opposite theory has been advanced, some what perversely, as it seems to us, by those, who insist on the existing title of .the school, without taking the trouble to find out whether it has ever been known by any other. Hoping our readers will pardon us this digression, we must hasten to bring to a close this attempt 1;0 sketch the early history of our Cathedral Schools. We have seen how such schools gradually arose in connection with .the church or monastery, which formed -a sort of educational nuCleus for the surrounding

THE VIGORNIAN. neighbourhood,-how such, at first, humble attempts to bring the light of instruction to the people were fostered and encouraged by Councils andKings,-howthe vast impetusgiven to monastic life by the rapid spread of the Rule of S. Benedict contributed also to the diffusion of education through the length and breadth of Europe,-and how finally, at the Reformation, the existing appliances for imparting to young students the measure of knowledge and science to which man had as yet attained,were appropriated and adapted to the growing wants of the age by the genius and liberality of the able through unscrupulous Henry. Thus equipped and endowed, Cathedral Schools made a fresh start. Nor have they failed in most cases to make their subsequent history worthy of the hopes which were doubtless then formed of them. Into this subsequent history we must not however now enter. On a future occasion we may perhaps be allowed to put before our readers a sketch' of the life and growth of at least our own school in later times. Mean while, let us never forget that with each one of us rests some share in making the annals of our school glorious, and in keeping up the traditions of an ancient and honourable Founda-. tion.

venience of travellers; they are all over India and contain a couple of large bedrooms, and are kept by an old butler who manages the cooking, &c. If the rooms are much wanted, everyone has to move on after twenty-four hours' occupancy). Early next morning I started on an uncommonly lazy pony to ride up to Naini Tal, distant eleven miles. The road is very pretty, winding in some places through pic turesque lanes, like Herefordshire, full of ferns of all shapes and sizes. The last four miles up the hill were uncom monly steep, but one was rewarded at. the summit. The road here debouches on to the east end of a most lovely lake, as blue as the waters of the blue Adriatic or as an Italian sky in the spring. This is the "Naini Tal," the lake of the goddess Naini. The road here winds away right and left of the lake, the road to the right running along a pretty avenue of weeping willows which borders the lake; hills tower around it on all sides. At the west end of the lake the most conspicuous object is the church, a handsome building of red brick, and near to it I stayed at the parson age with Mr. Atlay, the brother of the Bishop of Hereford. The houses of Naini Tal are all dotted about on the hill sides overlooking the lake, and every available flat space is occupied. The hills to the south are called Tapatr and Despatr, and are 800 feet higher than the lake; 11. CQrdp tu 1flnini CQrnl nnb tht :!iimnlnnng itself 6,400 feet above the level of the plains,' , in §tpttmhtr, 188t. certainly of Calcutta. To the north the hills CALCUTTA, OCT. 13, 1881. are called Sher-ka-dunda. To the west is the My DEAR MR. EDITOR, grand and rocky hill of Chenon, the road to the Just a line to give you an idea of my trip summit of'which winds through forests of the' to the hills. I left Howrah station one' morn ilex and giant rhododendrons, not forgetting ing in August, and passed through Allahabad the humbler holly, and the homely wild flowers. re Cawnpore. Here I changed carriages for The air at the top is cold and bracing. On one Lucknow, and from thence had an extremely of oUI: expeditions several ladies accompanied if", hot day's journey to Bareilly, where I stopped, us,Sbme in dandies-long chairs for reclining, the night and part of the next day with the balanced on a single long bamboo borne on the chaplain, and on the evening of Wednesday shoulders of porters, called in hill parlance, started in a dllk Ghari (something like an jhampanies. Lawn Tennis is much in vogue at English growler, only with seats boarded across Naini Tal, the courts being made on terraces on for lying down) for Ranibagh, some 70 miles the hill side. The hill people are not as fine from Bareilly, which is a small, village lying at and manly a race as about Darjeeling; but at the foot of the hills. Here there is a dllk the same time they are very civil and fairly bungalow (a government rest-house for the con intelligent, and handsome when dressed in their j

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best. The jhampanies in their turbans, peaked, and red, and their jackets, belted silk cloth, and red pantaloons, strike one as not unlike the Venetian gondoliers. The up-country native is not nearly so dark as the down-country Wallah. I left the parsonage on the Monday following my arrival, for Ranikhet, thirty miles. The road through part of the way is very steep, descending some six or eight miles, ':rnd ehiefly through forests with mountain streams and waterfalls, in one of which I noticed a most beautiful king-fisher, a small bird richly dight with purple or black, and along the back and wings a pure white cross, very clearly defined; the contrast very)ffective. I reached Khyrna after a four hours' journey, where there is a dak bungalow in a very low situation looking over the river, here spanned by a pretty suspension bridge. As it lies in a kind of gorge it is liable to chill currents of air at sunset, and is considered unhealthy. Here I stayed until sunrise next morning, and taking another pony I proceeded on to my destination, Ranikhet, fifteen miles off. The first four miles were slow and dreary, ,the road running along an almost dry river bed, every available raised space on the sides of it heing occupied with rice growing luxuriantly. Cultivation in these parts is all carried on in terraces raised on stone walls, built at great expense and trouble, and liable in heavy and severe rains to be all washed away,' as has lately been the case. Where there is no cultivation goats and cattle ,roam the mountain sides, which are deeply marked with their narrow tracks. For the last few miles into Ranikhet the road resumes its picturesque character, and passes through lovely and richly scented forests of pines. Here i stayed with the chaplain, Mr. Hardy. I was much struck with the look of this station, and especially with the little parsonage, a com fortable and picturesque English house with a lawn to the north west, from which, on a clear day, a most splendid view of the Himalaya snows can be obtained; on ordinary days your eye rests on peaks upon peaks of lesser hills, which, when the snowy ranges are visible, seem to disappear, the towering mountains capped with eternal snow completely' dwarfing them.

The houses of the station are all placed so as to get a view of the snows,either on the tops of the hills, or on the slopes facing northward. An excellent road runs all round the station, this being one of the few hill stations where car riages can be used. Beautiful pine trees sweep down all the hillsides into the ravines below, where maiden hair and other ferns, and wild' flowers grow abundantly at the roots of rhodo dendrons.My usual morning occupation was gathering specimens of ferns to press. The early mornings were very jolly, and the snowy ranges were then generally visible, the clouds being down in the valleys, but as the clouds rise the snowy peaks behind are hidden, while the lesser hills in front appear. The days were warm, and no one goes out much before the afternoon until October when it becomes much cooler. Ranikhet, though far more open than Naini Tal, is warmer, as it is 1,000 feet lower, and Almora is warmer still, being another 1,000 feet lower than Ranikhet. Badminton and lawn tennis were the chief afternoon amusements. There is no church but what is called a school church, a large building used on week days as the military school, and on Sundays for divine service. Like most hill stations there is a club, to which are attached a library and reading room, badminton and lawn tennis grounds. One afternoon I rode up to a place called Chonbattia, 1,000 feet above Ranikhet, and had by far the finest view of the snows I had yet had, as the nearest range is only 45 miles off, and there is a semicircular sweep for 400 miles; as the sun gradually set, the highest peak, Nunda-devi, about 26,000 feet high, was all lighted up with a blaze of gold and crimson, this gradually melted into a soft and dewy rose, which, in its turn was replaced by a dull leaden colour, as the, sun disappeared, and the moon began to' rise, and we left them all shadowed in a sombre ashen gloom, until as the moon ascended higher and higher, a bright and shining light replaced the gloom and the whole range again appeared in striking beauty. I had intended to have ridden with Mr. Hardy to Almora on Saturday for his Sunday duties, and have returned that way to N aini Tal, but he was not well, and could not go; so I remained at Ranikhet, most

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happily as the event proved; if we had started, rather precipitous path, which led down to the we should most probably have started in the river bed. I had now come about 9 miles', rain, and come in for the various land slips it was nearly 1 o'clock, and we had started at 7 which were happening on that day all over that sharp; on getting on the river bed I found it part of the Himalayas. On Thursday, September very much swollen, and with a rapid torrent, so 16th, it had been raining heavily all the morning, that it was quite impossible to see where the but cleared for a while until 6 p.m., when it fords where. There was nothing for it but to began again, and did not cease until noon on the send the syce home again, and to cross the river 19th, having in less than 60 consecutive hours onthe pony. The river winds very much, and poured down more than 20 inches of rain. All must be crossed some 20 or 30 times before I Friday night masses of earth were tumbling could leave it for the road again. Looking abOlit down from a small hill above where I was me here to my great delight, I find another sleeping, and coming thump, thump against my European in the same plight as myself, rather wall, this, together with the crash of the rain a worse one, as he had a large horse with him. (for without exaggeration it came crashing down) which he had brought from Agra, which could on a corrugated iron roof kept me well awake; not go where my pony had gone, and he ~as at Naini Tal all this time they were having a wading the river when I saw him, and tremend~ downpour of half-an-inch an hour, in 70 con ously difficult he found it to keep his footing, secutive hours they had 33 inches; no postman he gave it up, and went along the edge of the arrived on that day, nor for the next two days from river, scrambling among the hill sides. I was Naini Tal. bound to go on, having no one to take charge of On Monday morning Mr. Hardy and I started the pony. After crossing several times, (the to ride to NainiTal. Itwas a lovely morning, and pony behaving very pluckily and never refusing the snows at sunrise were grand, the whole range the water, having almost to swim once or twice), being visible for a sweep of400miles. Wehad not the river got deeper and worse, and I hardly gone two miles before difficulties began, trees knew whether to go back or to go on. In my fallen across the track, and masses of mud formed dilemma four hill men bear down on me, and on into quagmires; and as we went on these my promising them backsheesh, consent to act difficulties became much greater, so Mr. Hardy, as guides. The first thing they do is to get me being pressed for time, turned back. In many to dismount, and they drag my pony up the hill places the whole hill side had come down and side to a stable, which was apparently their . covered the path, and I had to drag my pony mansion; they gave the pony grass, and put down the steep sides of the gap on one side and down a blanket in the shade for me, and pro climber up on the other for long distances, until duced two very fine lemons; it was now past I reached the path again. I had been obliged to 2 o'clock. We soon descended to the river bed, _ dismount some distance back,ever since my pony and I mounted again, and they guided me across had gone up to its nose in ~ quagmire. I now the vario:us fords, which they knew quite well. impressed two hill boys, promising them a rupee At last we reached a little village on the bank, when their work was done, and made them lead and left the river, here I had to leave the pony the pony behind me; on we went, clambering within 1 mile of Khyona, the dak bungalow now down the Khud, now up, now through a being'actually in sight, for the road here for quagmire, now over a tree, until at last we ab6ut 300 yards was almost cl ean gone, and in its reached a place where no pony however sure place were huge rocks and heaps of shale, footed could stand; the whole path had gone for over which no pony could possibly scramble, about 50 yards; and a straight precipice went and the natives told us, if we wanted to secure sheer down to the river bed; in this dilemma a safe footing across, we must go barefooted, but I was very much afraid I should have to turn • we thought twice over that. I say we, for I had back, but I had now beenjoined by Mr. Hardy's . again been joined by my quondam companion syce (groom), who directed me to a narrow and of the river. We determined to push on, and

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with the hill men as our guides passed over some dangerous ground,in places a narrow ridge of rock only to step on, river on our right, precipitous walls of rock on our left. We go on for some 1000 yards until we come to the sus pension bridge at Khyrua, which we are glad to find standing, though very shaky. After cross ing this and scrambling up a waterfall. water rippling down on us, we reach the D&k;;Bungalow, very thirsty and very tired, and after we had dined and consumed a considerable quantity of lemonade, we turned in. Next day, Tuesday, September 21, after a slight chota hazree, about 7 a.m., ~we, i.e. my companion (whom I after wards found to be the Hon.C. Lambton, of the 5th Fusiliers, stationed at Agra), and myself left Khyrna, and very soon experienced the re currence of our difficulties, for just as we were starting, my coolies (who had beensenton with the baggage), returned, saying they could not possibly go on. Well, we compelled them to come along with us, after lightening their already very light loads by impressing another, and off we went. We soon reached the place which had turned them back, and an awkward looking place enough, a precipitous rock leading down to the river bed, with no footing but a narrow kind of goat track. However, with the help of an in valuable bearer whom I had picked up at Ranikhet--Tez Sing by name-we managed to get the coolies' baggage and ourselves down. We passed on to the river bed over .large . boulders and through the water, occasionally striking the track where it had not entirely dis appeared, until we reached a small village four miles from Khyrna; here we gave our men an h.our and a half to cook and eat their food (it is c:ustomary in this country to allow three hours for that purpose). At this point there should have been a bridge, but the rocks, washed down by the mountain torrent, had found it in their way and removed it, so there was nothing for it but to .cross the river on some branches thrown over to a rock in the centre, and from thence also to the opposite side, my friend's little r~triever being carried over on the men's backs tied up in a cloth. On we went, sometimes on the banks, but generally either walking through the rice fields or wading through the river (by

river I mean the wide mountain streams which abound in the Himalayas) until we came to a place where there was no proper crossing. Here my bearer was nearly drowned. He had crossed, but seeing one of the other men in an awkward position on a rock, he went back to him and was nearly carried down a rapid, only happily he managed to catch hold of a long pole handed to him by one of the hill men, and got to shore very severely bruised. I was obliged to leave him behind in charge of the man who had befriended him, a respectable kind ofgrazier and farmer. The rest of our journey was very fatiguing, and we were nearly exhausted. after ourconstant struggles through the water,andover great boulders, and having nothing to eat but a crust of bread we had brought with us, and we had still to reach 'Naini Tal, 3 or 4 miles away. I had to stop to urge on my coolies and help them, and my companion went on before, so I had to make my way alone, stopping at every waterfall to refresh myself, for water was the only thing that kept me up. At last, to my great delight, I caught sight of white canvas towards the top of the last hill, and thinking that some engineers were encamped there, I gave a "Cooey," and was soon answered. Here I found my friend Lambton comfortably seated on a plank, wrapped up in a native's blanket, drinking tea and eating chappaties, having just given orders to have the same sent down to· meet me on the road. It was a native forester's camp, and the native. in charge could· I;lot have been more civil. We were now only half a mile from the nearest Bungalow,that of Mr. Fleetwood Williams (ll. retired commissioner), and being very wet we determined to push on and claim his hospitality. So our native friend, the forester, lighted his lamp, and escorted us to Mr. Williams', where we were most hospitably entertained, and were not sorry to sit down to a respectable meal. At the last stage, a party of natives had met and told us of· a fearful catastrophe,which had happened inNainiTal,and of which we had not heard before. Mr. Williams gave us a more definite account. We now learned for the first time that some250 persons in all must have been overwhelmed, 43 Europe(l.ns and about 200 natives; and that the Assembly

THE VIGORNIAN; Rooms, the Victoria Hotel, and several other houses had been completely destroyed from a sudden sinking of the hill side from below, which brought the top down with one tremend ous rush of earth and shale. The whole thing was over in about 10 seconds, the mass having laid every house flat, rolled on into the lake, and raised a wave of some 12 feet, which, sweeping over to the other side, carried away four of the soldiers, who were at work there under Sir Henry Ramsay, freeing the sluices; . one was taken up dead and the other three seriously bruised; Sir Henry himself had just time to rush up the hill. The landslip took place at a quarter to two p.m. At half-past te?- a warning had been given to the visitors at the Victoria Hotel, by the fall of some earth behind the hotel, which had buried some natives and' one European child in some out buildings, and a detached bungalow. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas Straight were among those staying a.t the Hotel, and the proprietor recommended them all to leave. Mr. Straight seut to the Military Depot for a fatigue party to recover the bodies, and rescue any remaining alive of those buried.. When this party arrived, the visitors left the hotel, but some remained with the fatigue party, and amongst them the Rev. . A.RobinsoD, Chaplain of Moradabad, who was up in the hills on three months' leave, he was to have retired next year after 20years' work in India, and was looking forward to· devoting himself for the rest of his life to his six mother less children. The number of natives lost is not known, but it must have been very large, as one man alone lost five of his servants, whom he had sent out on different errrands from a house on the opposite side of the lake. On the morning after our arrival at Mr. Williams', we went down towards the scene of the -landslip, and the desolation was most chilling, the beauty of Naini Tal seemed to have gone. The contrast between what it was, and what we then saw of it, cannot be realised, except by one actually seeing and feeling it. Instead of a beautiful and well wooded undulating hill side, with bungalow pictures queerly pitched, with a large and open polo and lawn tennis ground at its foot, we could see nothing but a hollow bare gap

in the hill side and a mass of rubbish, earth and. trees, all heaped together to the height of 20 01' 30 feet on the polo ground, with here a coffin, placed on the top of a mound, ready to receive) one of those buried below. The work of ex..: cavationwa$ very slow and laborious, and only five or six of the bodies were found,the last of the six not until nearly a week had elapsed. It was a curious and painful scene to have day after day for some six days after my arrival at the parsonage, a funeral procession winding its way to the beautiful cemetery, and the still ness of the lovely mornings broken by the mournful strains of "The Dead March in Saul," as a military funeral thrice came up, and by the triple volley fired in the air to mark a soldier's grave. One could not have wished to have met with one's death in a nobler cause, than the task of rescuing a fellow creature, or to have been laid to test in a more lovely sleeping place than that of N aini Tal, where terrace after terrace slopes down to the blue waters of the lake, and weeping willows, with the foliage of the cypress in between sweep the ground., One afternoon during my stay, from the top of a hill known as Alma, we heard a fall of large rocks into the ravine, shewing that all the mischief caused by that 33 inches of rain falling in 72 consecutive hours was not yet finished. Huge masses of the hill had subsided some two or three feet, and in one place our further progress was stopped by ~ vast gaping precipice, where only ten days before had been a pathway. It vividly remind~d me of the places Lambton and I had come to during our memorable walk from Ranikhet and Khyrna. I left Naini Talon September 29th, to return to the plains after a pleasant visit, naturally clouded over by the events of the 18th. Yours, &c., ;1' G. D. oSWELL.

II 'iBiait ta tht :l0ritiah JnU.9tUm. ORNITHOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. ~

RILE staying in London for a few

111111'i11 . days, among other places I visited

~ 'the British Museum. I devoted the greater part of my time to the gallery of

THE VIGORNIAN. birds, and thought that a slight account of the most uncommon might be interesting. A very pleasant feature in this room is a series of cases placed down the sides, representing some bird in its native haunt, with plants'Cl!!rass, stumps or water, arranged in the most artistic manner; several are thus shown-a linnet, a pheasant, and a moor-hen among" others. I was particularly pleased with a group of tit mice, arranged with tlieir nest on a furze bush with hairbells, &c. The other cases along th~ sides contain a magnificent. collection of birds, and down the centre is a very fine collection of shells. Some of the birds are extremely rare, and the most gorgeous tints-unattainable by any artist-are reflected on the feathers of many, notably on those of the humming-birds, trogons, sun-birds, &c., of which there are some splendid specimens, and the magnificent "Birds of Paradise." Among the many other interest ing birds are the apteryx, with no tailor wings, a; specimen of the extinct great auk, and a valua,ble skeleton of the dado, which, though it seems incredible from its great size, is of the pigeon fa~y. Many rare skeletons and eggs are exhibited in the wall cases. Numerous other noteworthy'birds may be seen: specimens of the condor, golden~eagle, eagle-owl, brilliant kingfishers, sun-birds, .hoopoos, woodpeckers, &c., and the esculent swallow, which builds a nest lined with a sor~ of jelly, which is highly prized by the Ohinese for its edible qualities. The tailor-bird famous for its ingeniously: formed nest, placed between two leaves, and stitchedtogetherwith vegetablefibre,is also shewn. The bell-bird,also,isveryinteresting,having a sort of horn just above its beak, which enables it to utter a note resembling a bell. Another bird of remarkable habits is the sociable grosbeak : a colony of these birds select a tree and build an assemblage of nests among its branches, united under one common roof. The material used is chiefly grass, and there are several entrances; it is. said that one roof sometimes shelters as many as a thousand pairs. Speci mens of the umbrella~bird, so called from ~he remarkable appendage hanging from its breast, are very interesting. The lyre-bird, whose tail resembles a lyre, and which, though large, is of

the same family as the diminutive English wren; the mound-birds, which do not sit on their eggs, but lay them in a heap of dry leaves, sand, &c., and allow the heat of the sun- to hatch them; the bower-birds, which make-a sort of bower in some long grass, lining it with shells, bones, &c., arranged with great care; some beautiful and rare peacocks and pheasants the honey-guide, so called from its useful habit of guiding the natives to the nests of wild bees in the hope of some of the spoil, are all repre sented by excellently-stuffed specimens. These are only a few selected at random from the hundreds of others, all more or less interesting. Among these latter are the toncan and the hornbill, each remarkable for the size of its beak, of which, the last named, builds up his mate in a hole in some tree during the breeding season, plastering up the hole with mud, and only leaving a small entrance hole thr~ugh which he feeds her. A splendid collection of humming-birds fills one case. In another room the nests of some of this species are shown, delicately built of the most downy materials, and covered externally with lichen, &c. They are most various in shape, some comparatively large, others exceedingly small; some cup shaped, some conical, some deep, others shallow, but all built so as to harmonise with their sur roundings. An immense· contrast to the diminutive size of the preceding species is the bulk and power of the ostrich and emu, of which there are some fine specimens, the head of the former tinged with gorgeous blue and red. Though the humming-birds are so small, a single bird has been known to vanquish even the powerful eagle, by fastening on to his head and tearing out the feathers with his tiny bill. Among the sea-birds are also many interesting species - the ibis, revered by the ancient Egyptians, the pelican, with its curious pouch beneath the beak to hold the fish when caught: and some specimens of the flamingo, &c. O. G. WHEELER.

THE VIGORNIAN. ~amblts

tOUtUl llmot.etster in -Gtitr.ch of 1&tpillopte:ra.

the countless host of other insects 7 ROM bees, wasps, beetles, &c.,-,butterflies

B ~ ~I

~ and moths are distinguished by the soft and downy substance upon their wings, which is in reality composed of minute scales. It is from two Greek words, one meaning a scale, and the other a wing, that the scientific term "Lepidoptera"is derived. Thereare only65 species of British butterflies, but numbe~less species of moths. Though· the greater majority of moths fly by night, many fly by day alone, and many more by both day and night. In our W otcestershire gardens we find the bPillstoneand white butterflies, and occasionally meadow-browns, peacocks, and tortoiseshells, red admiraJs, ~niall coppers, and some blues; whilst in our lanes we find in addition to the above-named species, the fritillaries,hair-streaks, and skippers. The brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) appeared in August, and one of these which I took at Camp was in splendid condition, but previous to this I captured one at Leigh in March. This had hybernated, but still it was in good condition. The three common whites, the large white (Pieris brassicae), the small (P. rapce), and the green veined (P. napi), I found abundant in April, June, July, and August. The orange tip (Anthocharis cardamines), I found plentiful everywhere; it is a very slow .flyer, and is easily captured. The female might easily be mistaken for a small or green-veined white, for it is without orange on the wings. Bransford, Powick, Camp, and Kempsey, are good localities. I took one specimen of the wood white (Lencophasia Sinapis) at Suckley, in August. The wall butterfly (Arge-Megcera), I have caught by the country road sides, and on the banks of the Severn by Camp. I found them plentiful in August, but I have tak~n them as late as October, though they were much injured. Two specimens of· the grayling (HiJYParchia Semele) I took on Ankerdyne Hill in August. The meadow-brown (Hipparchia Janira) is most plentiful in every part of this neighbour

hood. It is easily captured, and i~ found from June to August. The large heath (HiJYParchia Tithonus) I took in abundance in July and August, at Suckley; Bransford, and Leigh, on banks. This insect .has slow flight and often rests on foliage. . I captured two specimens of the ringlet at Suckley, in August. The scientific name· is HiJYParchia Hyperanthus. The small heath (Ocenonympha Pamphilus) I found on banks, and abundant everywhere fron June to Septem ber. The painted lady (Oynthia Oardui) was not so plentiful this year as the year before. I found them among thistles and in clover fields, in August, at Alfrick, Suckley, and Knightwick. The red admiral (Vanessa Io) and small tortoiseshells (Vanessa urtiw) I have caught among nettleR and thistles. My· favourite locality for the red admiral was at Camp; small tortoiseshells I have also seen abundant. The most suitable month for capture is August. The peacock( Vanessa Io) I found at KempseYj Powick, Camp, Crown East, and Suckley, abun dantly' on the nettles in August and September; and also hybernated specimens from March to May. I cauglit a specimen of the large tortoiseshell (Vanessa Polychoros) at Camp in July, after a long chase; and 13 specimens of the comma (Grapta O-albwrn) at Suckley, in the hop-yards and coppices in August. It has a white C or comma marked underneath the hind wings, from which it derives its name. It has a very swift flight, especially when first out of the chrysalis, and is a most beautiful insect. I have had good captures of the pearl bordered fritillary, especially by Bransford Station; I have also taken them at Suckley and Grimley, in May, June, and August. The scientific name is Argynnis euphrosyne. I caught one greasy fritillary at Bransford in the beginning of June, a success which gave me much pleasure, as they are rare. I went several times after but I never had the luck to catch another. This insect has a gloss on its under wings, and it is on this account that it is called the greasy fritillary. It is very local and inhabits moist meadows. It is known to natural ists as the Atelitcea Artemis.

THE ,VIGORNIAN.

The small copper (Ohrysopkanus Phl03as), and common blue(Polyommatus A leans) I have found in every part of this county very abundant on banks in lanes and meadows; I have seen them from May to October. The small skipper (Pamphila Linea) I have caught at Suckley, Bransford, and Leigh, in July and August. Skippers are v~y quick in flight and well deserve their name, for if you miss one there is very little chance of catching it. I have never caught the large skipper until this season, when it was rather common at Branstord, where I took over a dozen specimens. It is seen in May and August; the scientific name is Pamphila Sylvanus. I hope that the above short account of my searches for "Lepidoptera" may interest and perhaps aid some readers of the Vigornian, and can only add that I shall myself be glad to render all the assistance in my power to anyone who is interested in this branch of Natural History. W. PORTER.

.llthletit §pnrts. (Reprinted from Berrow's Worcester Journal.) ~HE

Annual Athletic Sports were held on the County Ground, at Boughton, on Wednesday and Thursday, April 19th and 20th. The weather was most delightful, and this drew together a larger attendance of parents and friends than we have had f01" some years. The programme was so arranged as to give boys of all ages an opportunity of securing prizes, and the different events attracted· an average number of com petitors. Commendable punctuality was observed, and everything passed off in the most pleasant manner. The Revds. W. E. Bolland and D. H. W. Sampson acted as judges, and Mr. W. E. Cooper as timekeeper. The band of the 1st Worcestershire Artillery Volunteers was on the ground, and played a suitable selection of music. Annexed are details of the running ; 120 YARDS HANDICAP.-First heat: L. Sharp (24 yards start), I; H. Knott (I I yards), 2; R. N. Martin (17 yards), J. Second heat: A. Sharp (24 ya1"ds); I ; E; Wade (6 yards), 2; G. Hopkins (9 yards), 3. Third heat: A. Higgins (9 yards), I; R. Baylis (10 yards), 2; T. O. Little bury (22 yards), J; W. Branthwaite (16 yards), J. Final heat: R. N. Martin, I ; E. Wade, 2; H. Knott, J. Watle made strenuous efforts to overhaul Martin, but just failed to get up, and was beaten by half a yard. . THROWING THE CRICKET BALL, OPEN.-E. Wade, 79 yards I foot 2 inches, I ; R. Baylis, 2. LONG JUMP, UNDER lIS YEARS.-H. Knott, 14 feet 6~ inches, I ; H. Minshull (owes 4 iil.), 2; N. Martin, 3. THROWING THE CRICKET BALL, UNDER 15 YEARS. H. Minshull, 67 yards I foot 6 inches, I; W. Coney, 2 ; P. Wright, 3. ONE MILE, OPEN.-E. Wade, I; R. Baylis, 2; A. Higgins, 3. Won by five yards in S min. JO secs. ~

LoNG JUMP, OPEN.-R. Coates, 16 feet 6 inches, I; E. Wade, 2; Baylis, 3. Five competed. 100 YARDS RACE, UNDER IS YEARS.-H. Knott, I; C. Forbes, 2; H. Smallwood, J. Eight ran. Won by two yards. 100 YARDS RACE, OPEN.-E. Wade, I; R. Coates, 2 • A. Higgins, 3. Three ran. Wade led from the start, and won a closely contested race by a yard in I I, J-5 secs. 120 YARDS HANDICAP, UNDER 12 YEARS.-G. Threlfell (8 yards), I; T. Shattock (8 yards), 2; W. Bolland (10 yards) 3. Seven ran. Won by four yards. 120 YARDS CHORISTERS' RACE.-A. Meredith, I; J. Price, 2 ; A. Mann, 3. Nine ran. HIGH JUMP, OPEN.-R. Coates (penalised 4 inches), 4 feet 6 inches, I ; E. Wade, 2; R. Baylis, J. 200 YARDS HANDICAP, UNDF.R IJ YEARS.-G. Thre1fell (IQ yards), I; W. Bolland (22 yards), 2; C. Wheeler (10 yards), 3. Won very easily by eight yards. QUARTER-MILE RACE, OPEN.-R. Coates (penalised IS yards), I ; A. Higgins, 2; R. Baylis, 3. Four ran. Coates assumed the lead before half the distance had been covered, and eventually won by two yards in 57 secs. HIGH JUMP, UNDER IS YEARS.-H. Minshull, 4 feet 6 inches, I; A. Sharp, 2; F. Branthwaite, 3. Four com peted. 100 YARDS RACE, UNDER I I YEARS.-G. Threlfell, I ; T. Shattock, 2; R. Laurie, 3. Five ran. Won very easily. SACK RACE.-W. Branthwaite, I; W. Jones, 2; F. Branthwaite, 3. Eleven started for this, the most amusing contest of the day, W. Branthwaite gaining an easy victory. 100 YARDS RACE, UNDER IJ YEARS.-L. Sharp, I; T. Branthwaite, 2; C. Forbes, 3. Seven ran. HALF-MILE HANDICAP.-E. Wade (2J yards), I; W. Jones (57 yards), 2; G. Hopkins (52 yards), J. Wade won easily by six yards, in 2 min. 20 secs. OLD Boys' 120 YARDS HANDICAP.-R. Woodward (17 yards), I ; Birch (12 yards), 2; F. Jones (6 yards), 3. Six ran. Woodward made the best of his long start, and won very easily by three yards. Time, I I~ secs. QUARTER-MILE RACE, UNDER IS YEARS.-R. Martin (20 yards), I; H. Knott (5 yards), 2; H. Small wood (IS yards), 3. Eight ran. 120 YARDS HURDLE RACE.-R. Coates, I; E. Wade, 2; H. Minshall, 3. Five ran. THE CHAMPION MEDAL, offered to the winner of the most points, was won by E. N. Wade. R. Coates, who gained the medal in the preceding year, was second. An Entertainment was given at the College Hall in the evening, when the prizes were· distributed to the successful competitors by Lady Alwyne Compton. The following was the programme :-" God save thc Queen"; glee, "·'My native home," Musical Society; recitation, "The Wreck of the Hesperus," Quilter i.; song, "I'm a roamer," Mr. Stoyle; reading, Rev. Desmond H. W. Sampson; glee, " The British Oak," Musical Society and old boys. Reci. tation "St. Patrick's Day"; O'Connor, Martin.ji:j Dr. Rosy, 'B. Littlebury (old boy); Justice Credulous, Co&mbs i.; Mrs. Bridget eredtdous, H. Littlebury (old boy); .Lauretta, Laurie; Se,vant, Wright. Pianoforte duett, ". Fra Dia, volo " Higgins i. and ii.; violin and piano, W. D..}ispn (old boy)' and Rev. H. Woodward; song, "A bird in"hand," Mr. A. Webb (old bOY); glee, "You gentlemen of Eng land" Musical Society and old boys; "Duke Domum." Each selection was received with every manifestation of satisfaction. Mr. Stoyle's exc~llent rendering o~ "I'm a roamer" pro . voked an encore, ID response to which he repeated the last verse and the song by Mr. Webb was received with loud appl;use, as was also the instrumental duett giv~n by the Rev. H. H. Woodward and W. Dyson. The pnzes were distributed in the interval between the first and second parts of the programme, the several winners being loudly cheered as they received their prizes from Lady Alwyne Compton's hands. The Rev W. E. Bolland (Head Master) tendered the thanks of the school to her ladyship, who he said 1I'3.S present only at considerable personal inconvenience.

THE VIGORNIAN.

(Reprinted from Berrow's Worcester Journal).

HE Speeches and Prize Distribution took place on Thursday, July 27th. A large number of the parents and friends of the boys assembled in the • College Hall, which was very prettily decorated. The company included The Dean and Lady Alwyne Compton, the Revs. Caoons Viood, Butler, and Melville, Revs. W. E. Bolland (head master), Maurice Day (formerly head master), Canons Douglas and Cattley, T. L. Wheeler, E. V. Hall, I. Gregory Smith, H. C. Ogle, B. ArthilIe, W. W. Gedge, D. H. W. Sampson, C. W. Bate, the Mayor (Colonel Stallard), Alderman Noake, Mr. H. Clarke, B.A., and Dr. Liidecke. . The following was the programme of the speeches and music, beginnin~ with the" National Anthem :"-Terence, "The Sycophant and the Braggart "-G'tatho, Coombs i. ; Thraso, Higgins i. Shakespeare: Henry VIII.; act 3, scene 2-Wolsey, Arthure; Cromwell, Quilter i. Part-song, "The Sailor" (Stainer), Musical Society. Euripides, A1cestis - Admetus, Martin i.; Herades, Campbell. Molihe's "Le Malade Imaginaire," act 3,scene 8 Argan, Arthure; Tainette, Quilter i.; Beralde, Higgins i. Part-song, "The Carnovale" (Rossini), Musical Society. Sheridan's "Rivals," scene I-Acres, Coombs i.; Sir LuciuJ 0' Trigger, Martin ii. Part-song," Merrily Over the Sea" (Wollace), Musical Society. Sheridan's" Rivals," scene 2-Acres, Coombs i.; Sir Lueius, Martin i.; CajJtain Absolute, Wright; Falkland, Sharp i. "Du1ce Domum." The recitations were given with considerable spirit,' and, on the whole, with readiness and accuracy. The music was beautifully rendered, the Rev. E. V. Hall accom panying. Mr. S. H. JEYES, M.A., of Trinity College, and late Classical Lecturer at University College, Oxford, read the following report of his recent examination, addressed to the Dean: My Lord,-I have the honour of submitting to you the result of the examination at the Cathedral School which I have lately been conducting at your request. I have examined the whole school vivtl voce, and I have seen paper-work from Forms VI., V., and IV., upon Latin and Greek Composition, Grammar and Translation, and upon History and Divinity. The work of Form VI., as a whole upon each and all of these subjects, was satisfactory, and in special cases was very good. The papers upon Latin and Greek Accidence and Syntax were long and searching; but the four head boys gave most satisfactory answers, and earned a large proportion of the total marks. The transla tion of prepared books was not less creditable. The best work was done in Horace by Martin, Arthure, and Camp bell; and in Demosthenes by Campbell and Martin. In Greek History, Higgins and Martin deserve especial com mendation. The Latin Prose Composition was satisfactory but not brilliant, and the work of the boys showed care and thought. The strongest point in the work of the Sixth Form is undoubtedly the Divinity. All the boys gained a very high proportion of the full marks. The work of Arthure and Wade for the Greek Testament Prize was so even, and at the same time so good, that I found myself . unable to separate them by an appreciable interval, and I have therefore recommended that the prize shall be divided between them. I wish to add a word of praise for Higgins, who combated very successfully the special difficulty which he found from not learning Greek. Upon the general result of the whole examination Martin anel Camp1;>ell are close one to the other, and well ahead of the rest of the form; and Wade and Arthure, who come next to them, should be bracketed as equal. There is more difficulty in appreciating the value of Higgins' work, as he does not offer any Greek 'subjects for examination. In Form V. Divinity again was yery well done, and especially well for Sharp and Quilter. Th,e answ.ers giyen were, as a rule, full and intelligent, and wntten WIth qUIte as much command af the English language ,as could be expected from young boys. I examined this Form viva voce in English literature, and found that they

were fairly well prepared in the subject offered. In Latin Composition, Quilter, Baylis, and Sharp were very success·' ful; but several of the boys found the piece of English set for translation beyond their powers. The translation of Virgil into English was well done upon the whole, and Martin (iii) produced excellent versions. The translations of Livy were not quite so successful, except in the cases of Martin (iii) and Martin (ii). I also examined this form in the viva voce translation of a Greek tragedy, and found the work well prepared in the case of most of the boys, and they seemed to take an interest in the work, and to have some understanding of it. Upon the whole, I may say that this form is in a very satisfactory condition, although there are some exceptions to this rule at the end of the list. The Divinity of Form IV. was good, and Knott did work which deserves special mention. The style, not less than the matter, of his answers, was most praiseworthy. Higgins and Wright acquitted themselves creditably. The transla· tions of Virgil into English were fairly well done throughout the Form, while Wheeler, Wynne and Martin gained high marks. The Latin Grammar was sufficient in most cases, and good in that of Martin (v); but there was a marked deficiency in the History answers, with the brilliant excep, tion of Knott, whose paper on Greek History was most creditable for a boy in one of the junior Forms. I examined Forms Ill. and II. viva voce, and found their knowledge of Latin Grammar was satisfactory; but I was especially pleased with the Greek Grammar and the translation from Greek of the upper half of Form Ill. Roberts, Coombs, and Baylis were very successful, and there is sOme promiSe in the work of Keen and Wheeler. I am very glad to record this success in a lower Form, because it augurs well for the future prosperity of the s c h o o l . , ', In conclusion, I am very pleased to say' that I have received a very favourable impression of the school as a whole, and that I can bear testimony to the care and sound· ness of the general teaching. Mr. JEYES then read his report of the mathematical examination. My Lord,-In addition to the classical examination, the result of which I have described to you, I have set papers to the whole school upon Arithmetic, Euclid, and Algebra, and, by the kind assistance of Mr. Clarke, I have been able to reach a most successful result. Throughout the school the Arithmetic questions ,were worked with accuracy and (even in the case of the yQunger boys) with great neatness. The upper portions of DivjsiQn'A answered the questions set to candidates for the Oxford and Cambridge Certificates, and the three boys, Wade, Arthure, and Martin (i) obtained (respectively) 78, 58, and 52 per cent. of the full marks. But it is in the lower portion of the same Form where the best results were reached. Martin (v), Martin (iii), Sharp (i) and Coney obtained, respectively, 91, 87, 78, and 69 per cent. This brings the average of the work of the class as a whole to as much as 53 per cent. In Division B, Knott was easily first, with 86 per cent. of the marks; but Wynne got nearly 70 per cent., and five other, boys got more than half of the maximum. Division C answered the questions with very creditable accuracy which which were not set to them from the earlier parts of Arithmetic; but were not quite so successful in dealing with the Fractions. But Roberts got 71 per cent. of the marks, and Wheeler (i), Coornbs, and Webb (i) were not far behind. In Division D, Shattock did a most excellent paper,'lfud Warren and Laurie deserve favourable mention. In Euclid, the upper part of Division A worked the questions set by the Examiners for Certificates; and Martin and Campbell confined themselves to the first and neccessary part; but Coates and Arthure, who did the second part of the paper, succeeded in gaining 182 and 148 out of a total of 190 marks. Part of the marks so gained were awarded for the successful solution of " Riders. .. In the lower portion Qf Division A, Quilter and Martin (iii) gained very high marks, and Sharp (i) did a good paper., In Division B, the work was satisfactory as a whole, and White received ',7<J per cent of the total marks and Coombs 60 per cent. I should add that the paper of Coombs was beautifully neat. In the Algebra of Division A, I must again cOIrllllend the

THE VIGORNIAN.

work of Arthure and Coates, who gained 85' and 83 per cent. of the full marks. In the lower part of the same Division, I saw a very good set of papers. With hardly any exceptions, the questions were answered with intelligence and accuracy. The best work was done by Quilter, Martin (iii) Coney, and Sharp (i). In Division B, whose work is not very advanced, White obtained 76 per cent. of the marks, and four boys did more than half of the paper right. Not more than one quarter of the Form obtained a small proportion ofthe marks. In conclusion, I mnst say that the Mathematical work of the school, as tested by my papers, reflect great credit on the boys and masters, who have jointly produced so excellent a~d

The DEAN said that they must all be very well satisfied with the report of the examiner, which was good as regards This year there divinity, mathematics, Greek, and Latin. was a new examiner. It was weIl now and then to have a new examiner. It was also gOOlI to have an old examiner; and he hoped that next year Mr. Jeyes would be able to report whether the school had made progress or not. He had no doubt that those present would be anxious to hear what were the prospects of the school in the future. A scheme was sent down, which was not entirely accept able either to the present Governors or to the outside public. It was sent back with certain recommendations. He believed that another scheme was now before the Com missioners, and he hoped that this scheme would provide new school class rooms, and a Head Master's house for the reception Of boarders. He was not prepared to say what the scheme was; but he knew that the Commissioners had in some degree modified the original scheme in accordance with the recommendations made. During the year the Meek scholar ship at Hertford College, Oxford, had been gained by one of the boys. Martin had done well; and they hoped that he would make a successful student at the University. (Applause.) The DEAN then distributed the prizes. The following is the prize list : Prize (VI. Form) , Martin i; honourable mention and special prize, Cam?bell. Prize (V. Form), Sharp i. Prize (IV. Form), Martin v.; honourably mentioned, Wheeler i, Knott. Prize (Ill. Form), Coombs ii; honourably mentioned, Roberts. Prize (11. Form), Shaltock. Greek Testament: Arthure, Wade. Latin composition (1881): Campbell. English recitation (1881): Minchall, Qui/tel'. Mathematics (I), Upper A division: Arthure, Coates; honourably mentioned, Wade (arithmetic). Mathematics (2), Lower A Division: Martin iii, White; honourably mentioned, Quilter i, Sharp. Mathematics (3), B Division: White; honourably mentioned, Coombs i, Knott (arithmetic). Mathematics (4), C division: Wheeler i; honourably mentioned, Roberts, Coombs ii (arithmetic). Mathematics (5), D Division: Shattock; honourably mentioned, Warren, Lauric. History and Divinity (open to all): Higgins i; honourably mentioned, Wade. History and Divinity (IV. Form): Knott; honour· ably mentioned, Higgins ii, Martin ii, Wheeler. History and Divinity (Ill. Form); Coombs ii. History and Divinity: Modern Languages (V. and IV.): (11. Form): Shattock. Sharp i; honourably mentioned, Quilter i. Modern ,Languages (111.): Branthwaite iii; honourably mentioned, Wheeler 1. Modern Languages (11.): Higgins iii. Natural History (open to all): Branthwaite i. Drawing, landscape: Jones. Drawing, figure: Higgins ii. Drawing, freehand and model: Coates. Drawing, freehand (under 14): Wheeler i. Writing (open to all): Jones; hon. mentioned, Coney. The REV. CANON WOOD, in proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Jeyes, the examiner, said that they must have been glad to hear of the excellence of the school in all its branches. It was important in a school such as that to make the classical part of the education as efficient as possible. In these days it was the fashion to look at educational matters rather from a utilitarian point of view, but even in that aspect the stuqy of the classics was' most valuable in aiding in the acquisition of other knowledge in after life. No one could take part in public life without feeling the advantages of a classical education. Names could not be given to new inventions except by the aid of the Greek language. He hoped that the study of Greek and Latin would never be neglected. (Applause).

The REV. CANON BUTLER, in seconding the motion, said that nothing was more important in schools than the habit of examination now carried out. Nothing brought a boy more to his proper position than to have a sheet of paper and pen and ink placed before him by an examiner. By the examination a solid proof was given of the condition of the school. (Applanse). ' . MR. JEYES, in reply, praised the careful way in which the papers were written, and the good form in which the English was expressed. The REV. W. E, BOLLAND (Head Master), in proposing a vote of thanks to the Dean for presiding, mentioned that during the last year a great change had been mad~ in the constitution of the school by the removal of the chOristers to a separate building. The arrangement had proved very satisfactory. He hoped that the apparent loss would soon be made up. One event of the year had been the success of Martin in competing for the Meeke Scholarship at Oxford. (Applause). That Scholarship had been held by Worcester Cathedral School for generations, if not for centuries. Unfortunately a gap occurred. That gap came to an end last year, when Martin won the scholarship. He saw no reason why the gap should be made again. Hertford College had itself sustained a loss, because the two boys who were rejected for the scholarship had just appeared in honours in the class lists. Lewis was in the second class in the final examinations; and but for ill-health his tutor thought he would have taken a first class. (Applause). Jordan had taken a third class in moderations. In examinations the school had this year taken a much higher flight. Two boys had entered for the certificate of the Oxford and Cambridge Leaving Examination. This was a high examination for boys leaving the public schools. Eton, Marlborough, Rugby, and all the great public schools, with one or two exceptions, sent in candidates for this examination.. To get a certificate in this examination was about equal to getting a first-class in honours in other examinations. The winners of a certificate must pass a high standard in four subjects. Mr. Bolland concluded by conveying his thanks to his colleagues for their aid, to the Rev. E. V. Hall for his instruction in music, and the Dean for his continued kindness. (Applause). The MAYOR, in seconding the motion, expressed his pleasure at hearing of the work of the school, and his hope that the school might soon reap the advantages of further endow ment and exhibitions to the Universities. (Applause). The motion was carried by acclamation. The DEAN said that the present governors would do their best to keep the school in an efficient condition, and expressed the gratitude of himself and the Chapter to Mr. Bolland for his work in the school. The singing of" Duke domum" concluded the proceedings.

.4lfootbnU. We regret very much the misfortunes that have so far attended our football this season. There is no victory to record, whilst a succession of floods have put constant practice out of the question. Some opportunities there have been, and it is in reference to these that we should like' to make a few remarks. The captain and the upper part of the school have done their duty well. On every day when practice was possible they have been well represented and have played throughout with spirit and enthusiasm. Unfortunately the main body of the school have scarcely followed their good example, and we can assure them that their absence proves a very

THE VIGORNIAR ~

great drawback.. We have several times been a back of any description should be his skill in present throughout an afternoon's football. this respect. Often unable to get clear off he Seven o~ eight a side has lbeen the average can gain twenty or thirty yards for his side attendance-:'a number far tod'"small-and con by a successful ,t drop," relieving his side when . sequently the game has been less interesting hard pressed and frequently and completely thalll it should have been, whilst its character transferrillg the game from his own goal line has been necessarily altered. It has ge~erally to the enemy's quarters. One other suggestion been marked by a series of rapid successes due is that each one should have someone in the to the excellence of one or more of the players. team whose duty it is to follow him closely when Individual merit has secured the victory instead he gets the ball, to be always on the look out for of the steady persistent play of the whole side. " a pass;" The passing and repassing carried on This was necessarily so. .To guard the goal line in this fasbion is more effective than anything there must be at least five behind the" scrim and causes one's opponents any amount of mage;" however, if the side numbers only eight, trouble and perplexity. In conclusion we can and three is the ~tmost that can be spared for tbis -hardly think that football requires much pUrpose, a successful run followed by a touch recommendation to English boys. It is a manly down must be a thing of the most ordinary game where energy, dexterity, and good temper occurrence. This is not what happens in are all necessary. It - is at least something to matches. If the sides are fairly equal its needs cultivate these qualities, and if at the same time hard work on the part of everJ·one. A run we are doing our duty to our schoolfellows and from one end of the field to the other should be helping to gain fresh laurels for our school, our practically impossible. Each one as he gets self-denial, if self-denial it be, will be rewarded the ball must be followed up by his side. Some to the full. one must always be at hand ready for a pass, and the ball must be worked through by a succession of runsin which the most dexterous management is needed to reached the coveted spot. All this is acquired by practice; but what ~~ ~e~otia~. practice of this kind can our team get when playing with only half a team on either side, and mlilliam ~att!! ~£h1i£', it needs only a little extra turn of speed to get DmD NOVEMBER 22ND, 1882, clean through the scanty defences of the enemy 1 AGED 23 YEARS. We are sure that they must frequently feel their inferiority in this respect when matched against lUb.ett :f!a i tt tt £' , a side to whom this kind of united effort is a DIED OOTOBER 3R"O, 1882, matter of daily experience. To vastly improve . AGED 19 YEARS. the football it is only necessary that the school should turn up in good numbers on the field, and if they will but begin to do so as a d.uty it will soon transform itself into a stimulating and We have to lament the early death of two of delightful amusement. We should like to make one or two our Old Boys, who in different ways had already suggestions to the team, which we trust will be done credit to their School, and who seemed received in the spirit that they are meant. likely, humanly speaking, to have, each of them, They make little or no use of their power of an honourable and useful career in life before dr()p-kicking. One of the essential qualities of them.

""r.,

TIiE VIGORNIAN.

I: I

I I'

! I

i I1I

1 ,.•. ~

]11

li;

W. H. Lewis was a pupil at the Cathedral School for some years, and rose to be Head Boy, in which position his diligent and blame less life cannot have failed to influence his schoolfellows for good. From school he pro ceeded to New College, Oxford, where he fulfilled the promise of his earlier years by being placed in the second Glass i!t; the final honour list in Literre Humaniores,-a success, which, as our readers may be aware, requires considerable application as well as ability. His aptitude for· historical study .was evident even in his school days, and we think it likely, that, had he not been hindered by weak health, he might have gained even a higher position in the class list. He had· but lately left the University, aIld returned to his home in this city. He died, after a 'very few days' illness, caused, we.believe, by internal inflammation, on November 22nd, at the age of 23 years. Albert Binns showed early indications of his artistic powers by his success in the drawing class of our school, conducted by Mr. W. P. Bowen. We believe that his taste and skill in ornamental design were already recognized and valued at the Worcester PorcelaiIl: Works, of which his father is the manager, and we our selves noticed in the gallery of paintings at the late Worcestershire Exhibition some work of his, which, in our opinion, showed considerable merit, and still greater promise. We feel that by his early death, which took place on October 3rd, after a short illness, a loss has been sustained by the City of Worcester at large, as well as our Cathedral 8choo1.

§thool j)telU.G,

...

W. H. Lewis, of New 'College, has gained a 2nd class in th~ final school of Litterre Humaniores. It.is with the deepest feeling of regret that we record his death in another column of our paper. E. D. Jordan (Wadham College), has gained a 3rd class in moderations. A. M. Campbell has been elected to the Meeke Scholarship at Hertford College, Oxford. The Scholarship is tenable for three years. In the July examination for Leaving Certi ficates of the Oxford and Cambridge Board, J. Martin passed in Latin, Greek,Divinity, History, and Mathematics (elementary), and obtained the certificate. A. M. Campbell also passed in Latin, Greek, History, and Divinity. The Rev. D. H. W. Sampson has been unavoidably absent during the last term. His place was filled by G. W. Oswell, Esq. (Reble College), who left in October last for the tutor ship of a Rajah in India.F. Bond, Esq. (RN.C.), has taken his place. The School Concert will take place in the College Hall, on Tuesday Evening, December. 19th, commencing at Eight o'clock. The Christmas Holidays will commence on Wednesday, December 20th. Next term will commence on Friday, January 19th, 1883. We beg to acknowledge the following Mag~ azines :-" The Ulula," " Ousel," "Lily," "Here fordean, "Carlisle High School Magazine." .

§thaol ®fffter.G. Captain of School Captain of Football '" Secretary " Captain of Cricket (1882) ... Secretary " Editor of Vigornian ...

J. MARTIN. E. F. WADE. A. M. CAMPBELL. R. BAYLIS.· R. W. C6ATES~· J. MARTIN.

([orr.e.spanb.en.c.e. ~in.g'.G ,§thalnt.Ghip.G. The following have been elected during the year : AT MIDSUMMER.

Goodwin, F. W......... .... Warren, A. A. . • •• • •. • • •• • Shattock, T. . . . • . • . . . • • • . . Bird, G. W. H. ..•••••..•.. Laurie, H. E. ....•••••..•. ,

Miss Osborne's, Worcester. Cathedral School. . " " Miss Osborne's, Worcester. Cathedral School. .

AT CHRISTMAS.

Keene, F. W. .. Lewis, A. F . Sha,rp, A.•••.•••••.••••.•.• J ourdain, L. A.. .. .

Cathedral School.

" " "

To the Editor of" Vigornian." Dear Sir,-I would venture to call attention to the washing of the King's Scholars' surplices. Would it not be better if they could be all washed at the same time-say for the first and middle Sundays in each term 1 At present they are washed at any odd time, and the con sequence is that on Sundays they appear to be of very different colour one from another, an effect which I think might be improved upon. "C." Yours, &c.,

For Ohess see Supplement.

'''f'"<-''"

THE VIGORNIAN CHESS SUPPLEMENT. ,,1!(

-PROBLEM VIII. Composed fw the Vigornian, by W. E. B. BLACK.

Solution 'of Problems in the last'~number : Problem VI.:

t. 2.

3·

WHITE. P to K B 8 (becoming Kt) (f 8) PtoQ 8 (becomingR),ch (d 8) P to Kt 8 (becoming (e 8) Kt), mate

I. 2.

BLACK. B takes R, or P to K 3; or (A) (e 6) K to B 3 (c 6)

(A) 1.

P to Kt 8 (becoming (b 8) Kt), ch P to Q 8 (becoming R), (e 8) , mate

(B) 1.

K to B 3; or (B) (c 6) K moves

BP moves (C7)

K to Kt 6 (b 6) , 3· ' P to Q 8 (becoming ~), (e 8) mate

WHITE. White to play and mate in 2 moves.

Anything

PROBLEM IX. Composed for the Vigornian, by W. E. B. BLACK.

Probl,e!ll VII.: I.

WHITE. Kt to Kt 4 (d 5)

(b 4)

BLACK. K to Q 3, or P to Q 4 ; or (A) (d 6) ~d 5)

Kt to B 6, mate

Gc 6)

(A) I.

K to Q5, or P to Q 3 (d4)'

(d6),

B to Kt 2, mate (b 2)

As the Problems in our last number seem to' have been rather too hard for our readers, those in this number are easier. Correspondents sending solutions can, if they wish, receive answers or criticisms from the Editor by post, at once.

WHITE. White to play and mate in 2 moves.

Printed by Deighton &> Co., 53, High Street, Worcester.