Quiroga. Jorge :\lejandro You too! 5 / Jorge .-\ lejandro Quiroga. -- Bogota: Greenwich ELT. 2009. 104 p. : il. : 27 Cill. + I CD. ISBN 978-958-45- I 1I4-0 1. Ingles - Ensenanza secundaria 2. Ingles Ensenanza secundaria - Libros de texto I Tit. 428.07 cd 21 ed . A1175459 CEP-Banco de 1a Republica-Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango
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Pilar Barrera Wey This volume by Jorge Alejandro Quiroga Yuly Andrea Gonzalez
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Series Authors Claudia Marcela Chapeton Castro Luis Fernando Gomez Rodriguez Marcela Isabel Alfonso Caro Pilar Barrera Wey This volume by Jorge Alejandro Quiroga Yuly Andrea Gonzalez
Authors
Jorge Alejandro Quiroga Villalba is a full-time teacher of English at Centro Colombo Americano in Bogota , Colombia. He holds a BA degree in Philology and Languages from Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He has been a translator, prootreader and editor for different publishing houses. He has been a member of curricular and research groups for the teaching of English to teenagers and adults. Currently he is a teacher trainer at the Centro Colombo Americano. He has been an interpreter and lecturer on the international level.
Yuly Andrea Gonzalez Sarmiento is a full-time teacher of English at Centro Colombo Americano in Bogota, Colombia. She holds a BA degree in Philology and Languages from Universidad Nacional de Colombia. She was a Spanish assistant teacher at Gardner-Webbs University in North Carolina , USA. She was a lecturer at the Third International Congress on Foreign Language Teaching in Guayaquil, Ecuador. She has been a member of the curricular research group at Centro Colombo Americano in Bogota and a teacher trainer for the same institution. She has been a proofreader for publishing houses. Consulting Reviewers
Randall Barfield BA in English, State University of Georgia, USA. MA in Education, Alabama University, USA. Freelance teacher of English and editorial consultant.
Mark Forbes Freelance Teacher of English and editorial consultant.
Market Research Adriana Reveiz Cristina Villamil Audio Producer Juan Carlos Jaramillo
First impression , 2009 Fourth impression, 2010 Copyright Š 2009 Editorial Norma SA Apartado Mreo 53550, Bogota, Colombia This publication is protected by Copyright and no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the publishers. Printed by Cargraphics SA Km 54 Via Cali-Popayan July 2010 Printed in Colombia .
Editorial Director. Ana Maria Rojas F. Editor, Miguel Ignacio Rodriguez M. Proofreader, Carlos Sanabria Art Dieector, Wi/son Ardila D. Cover Designer, Leonardo Rivas A Cover Illustrator, Liliana paez. Picture Editors, Leonardo Rivas A, Rolando Herrera. Designers, Leonardo Rivas A , Jhon Jairo Alvarez V, Maria Claudia Rebol/edo, Patricia Montana, Wi/son Ardila 0., Sandra Bal/{m. Illustrators, Alejandro Moreno, Andres Prieto, Carlos Moreno, Edwin Cruz, Luis Fernando Torres, Gisela BoMrquez, Jean Paul Zapata, John Joven Cartagena, John Hernandez, Jose Luis Jimenez, Julian Velasquez, Luisa Uribe, Liliana Paez, Miguel Jimenez, Miguel Martinez, Vein Barreto. Photography, ShutterstockÂŽ, [Jupiterimages] / SLIDE DEPOT, Graphic File Editorial Norma S.A. Special thanks to Universal Music Group. We are very grateful to those who gave permission to reproduce their copyright materials. Deposito legal ISBN volume 978-958-45-1114-0
MOduJ leen Intelli~ence Throughout this module students will create their own company to offer a product or service to their class . Unit 1 -
Successful People
Unit 2 -
arid Heroes
The brain as an information processing structure Multiple intelligences and different types of skills Personality and individual strengths: Bill Gates, Dan Wieden, Frank Robinson Entrepreneurial skills Teen entrepreneurs Characteristics of a successful logo What makes a good slogan
Outstanding entrepreneurs: Walt Disney Characteristics and actions of a business or business person • Mission and vision of a company Role models: Thomas Alva Edison, Jennifer Lopez, Pablo Picasso, Michael Jordan Famous Latin Americans: Roberto Gomez Bolanos ·Chespirito," Carolina Herrera, Simon Bolivar, Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Describing personality Expressing opinions Giving account of past actions Identifying key aspects to consider when starting a business
Establishing the price of your product or service Talking about business mission and vision Expressing a sequence of events • Descr1ibing • Identifying main and secondary ideas in a text Giving arguments Expressing success and failure
Words related to occupations Words related to businesses 'loI1ls related to the brain 5 related to business actions related to people's personality uial expressions:
19OOss. I bet, I mean, actually, in fact, plain boring, awesome, a whale of..., no big deal, you know, catchy
~VteW
of tenses: Simple Present, Simple Past and Present _ _ tenses in affirmative statements and questions e drew pictures to decorate the room. alWays solve problems quickly. -'"Ey have bought some businesses lately.
Recombining known elements in a new way. Using topic, supportive and conclusive sentences. Writing notes. Predicting information you will hear. Identifying key words. Using mind maps. Making diagrams. Breaking down a word into its components.
_: . s : ' -;. Sj re you understand the instructions. -::: ' -! your work and correcting it. . -; :=:ails from pictures to expand your conversation.
Words related Words related Words related Words related Words related
to business principles to business actions to amusement parks to role models' missions, visions and values to TV production
Colloquial expressions:
come up with, end up with, come offwith flying colors, like beating a dead horse, draw a blank, hit it big
The Past Perfect and Simple Past tense in affirmative and negative statements When Walt Disney opened the first park in 1955, he had already produced Pinocchio. Walt Disney identified a way to make a big business. The Past Progressive tense In 1812 Bolivar was carrying out his campaign.
Listening: Reading: Writing:
Listening to something several times. Identifying main and secondary ideas. Using compound or hyphenated words. Using lead-in sentences.
Receptive Skills Reading for connecting inter-textual pieces of information. Reading the questions and identifying key words before listening.
MOduJ leen Intelli~ence out this modu le students will create their own company to offer a product or service to their class. 1- Successful
People
'ormation processing structure _:es and different types of skills 'vidual strengths: Bill Gates, Dan Wieden, Frank
Describing personality Expressing opinions Giving account of past actions Identifying key aspects to consider when starting a business
Words related to occupations Words related to businesses Words related to the brain Words related to business actions Words related to people's personality
o
:>
Colloquial expressions: I guess, I bet, I mean, actually, in fact, plain boring, awesome, a whale of. .. , no big deal, you know, catchy
Review of tenses: Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect tenses in affirmative statements and questions We drew pictures to decorate the room. I always solve problems quickly. They have bought some businesses lately.
Speaking: Writing: istening: Reading: Vocabulary:
.:
=
• Recombining known elements in a new way. Using topic, supportive and conclusive sentences. Writing notes. Predicting information you will hear. Identifying key words. Using mind maps. Making diagrams. Breaking down a word into its components,
:lroductive Skills • Making sure you understand the instructions . • Checking your work and correcting it. • Using details from pictures to expand your conversation.
Unit 2 -
arid Heroes
Outstanding entrepreneurs: Walt Disney • Characteristics and actions of a business or business person Mission and vision of a company Role models: Thomas Alva Edison, Jennifer Lopez, Pablo Picasso, Michael Jordan Famous Latin Americans: Roberto Gomez Bolanos "Chespirito," Carolina Herrera, Simon Bolivar, Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Establishing the price of your product or service Talking about business mission and vision Expressing a sequence of events • Describing Identifying main and secondary ideas in a text Giving arguments Expressing success and failure
Words related to business principles Words related to business actions Words related to amusement parks Words related to role models' missions, visions and values Words related to TV production Colloquial expressions: come up with, end up with, come off with flying colors, like beating a dead horse, draw a blank, hit it big
The Past Perfect and Simple Past tense in affirmative and negative statements When Walt Disney opened the first park in 1955, he had already produced Pinocchio. Walt Disney identified a way to make a big business. The Past Progressive tense In 1812 Bolivar was carrying out his campaign.
Listening: Reading: Writing:
Listening to something several times. Identifying main and secondary ideas. Using compound or hyphenated words. Using lead-in sentences.
Receptive Skills Reading for connecting inter-textual pieces of information. Reading the questions and identifying key words before listening .
•
Module.
~nowle~~e is rower!
1:) QI
Throughout this module students will design an encyclopedia about different topics,
'0' ... Q..
Unit 3 -
rJ
a.
~
111
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tc
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LL
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~ ::::I
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Re-creation
• The movie world The sports world
• • • • •
Describing processes Giving historical accounts Expressing opinions Expressing facts Debating Reporting recent events
Words related to movie production Words related to sports • Words related to world records Words related 10 the French Encyclopedia
ro u
Unit 4 -
The 20 ri Century
• The Guinness Book of World Records • The Encyclopedia
Turning pOints in the history of the 20th century • The threat to the environment
• Expressing a sequence of events • Describing sports • Comparing different types of texts
Reporting past events Expressing opinions Providing arguments and counterarguments Writing argumentative texts
Expressing agreement and disagreement Talking about change • Expressing emphasis Expressing consequence
Discourse markers: to begin with, as a result, I'd like to add that, as we know
Words related to history Words related to politics and economics Vocabulary related to economic and political phenomena Word s related to the environment
Discourse markers: additionally, in spite of, furthermore, in summary, for instance, however, to illustrate, consequently, firstly, in conclusion
Colloquial expressions: actually, you know
0
:>
Political and economic changes in the 20th century Encyclopedias on the web
Colloquial expressions: So do I. Neither do I. Yeah, sure, shake things up, make matters worse, start from scratch, change for the better
~
111
c ro c0
.... ro E E ro ....
'iii 111
~
a. x
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The Passive Voice in Simple Present tense, Simple Past lense and Present Perfect tense in affirmative, negative statements and questions . • Expressions used in a panel discussion A plot is written and then a cast is chosen. Reading:
Speaking:
Writing: Listening: Vocabulary: Writing:
til
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• Verb Patterns with verbs like enjoy, let and attempt. Michael Jordan enjoys helping people. Jordan led the Bulls to win. We're going to be talking about ... Now, moving on to ... It's well-known that ...
• Using pictures to activate previous knowledge. Using pictures to guide your reading. Looking for word or concept repetitions or for chronological order. Moving your eyes quickly through the text. Identifying detailed information in a text. • Paying attention to signal words for presenting , changing the topic, stating general facts, describing consequences and adding ideas when participating in a panel discussion. • Using models. Using bold, italics and underlining to provide emphasis. • Focusing attention on signal expressions such as "to begin with." • Relating images to words in order to memorize them. Using synonyms. • USing synonyms to establish cohesion. Identifying the structure of an encyclopedia entry.
Productive Skills • Using synonyms to paraphrase. • Identifying details to describe. • Expressing ideas with different words.
So many/so littlelso few ... that The world suffered so many transformations that it entered a new era. There was so little hope that the threat of wars became a reality.
Pronunciation: Reading: Reading:
Listening:
Pronunciation: Writing:
Vocabulary:
Cars became so popular that small towns turned into cities. The Internet was such an outstanding invention that is changing everything.
ASSOCiating the pronunciation of words with spelling patterns. NotiCing the structure of an introduction, body and a conclusion paragraph. Activating previous knowledge. Relating text ideas to graphic organizers. Using images to activate previous knowledge. Focusing on key words to get general ideas. Identifying the topic of an oral text. Listening for specific information. Associating the pronunciation of words to spelling patterns. Giving structure to a text. Following models to write introductions, body paragraphs and conclusions. Writing a thesis statement and giving facts and opinions to support it. Using definitions to activate vocabulary.
Receptive Skills • Predicting information based on previous knowledge and the context. Listening to confirm. Exploiting pictures and language knowledge to paraphrase.
MOduJ leens ~3lue tiQI .~
Throughout this module students will create a teenage morning show .
0....
Unit 5 -
Teer Issues
Unit 6 -
The Value of Life
Morning shows Teen issues: relationships, dating, friendship, fitting into groups, peer pressure, talents
• Different meanings of failure, success, freedom, happiness, perfection • Inspiring people: Hellen Keller, Tony Melendez, Thomas Alva Edison
Talking about dating and overweight Expressing regrets Asking for and giving advice Expressing possibility Expressing advice about a past situation
Providing explanations about past situations Expressing feelings Explaining possible causes and consequences Stating problems Introducing yourself Greeting
• • • •
Words related to feelings Words related to teen issues
Proverbs: All that glitters is not gold. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A man is known by the company he keeps. Birds of a feather flock together. Don't judge a book by its cover.
III C
• Values • Famous poets: Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Antoine de Saint Exupery
o
fj C
::::I
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Colloquial expressions: go through, you guys, be pleased with, I do. Have a crush on, start out as, break up with, flirt with, date somebody, feel heartbroken
Tag questions in different tenses: You have a lot of friends, don 't you? Our teachers were happy, weren't they? Modal Verbs + Present Perfect Vanessa and lac should have talked to the media. Vocabulary:
Speaking: Listening : Writing:
~eading :
.::
Review of Modal Verbs: should/may/could We should be careful about our time together. We may learn a lot if we listen to our parents.
Finding patterns of adjectives + prepositions to form word families. Using graphic organizers. AssOCiating words to pictures Providing extra information. Starting and ending a conversation . Using models Using key words, short phrases or symbols to take notes. Questioning oneself and evaluating a situation. Correcting punctuation. Identifying information components in a letter (asking for or giving advice) Identifying the parts of a text. Using poetry.
:: oductive Skills Following the structure of an advice letter. Checking punctuation. Exploiting image details to expand conversations.
Talking about success and the joy of life Expressing emotions Expressing desires for the present and the future Talking about hypothetical situations in the present
• Words related to discussing matters • Words related to poetry • Words related to values • Words related to solving problems Colloquial expressions: Cast aside worries. Cherish the stress. Take it easy Cheer the moment. Got to go. See you. Talk to you later.
Proverbs: • Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. We have had the time of our lives. Go to great lengths to get your nut. Throw in the towel. What is essential is invisible to the eyes.
• Wish + past simple / would They wish they were different. They wish we would find hope. • Second Conditional If I were able to live my life again, I would make more mistakes.
Speaking: Reading:
Listening: Speaking: Writing:
• Asking additional questions to keep a conversation going. • Using a dictionary. Reading authentic texts. Understanding figurative language. Activating previous knowledge. • Using previous knowledge. • Using images. Recombining known elements in a new way. • Using figurative language.
Receptive Skills • Previewing the statements in a reading test. Scanning for sentences in the reading that are similar to those in the statements . • Predicting vocabulary by using context.
Getting Started Look at the chart and choose the best option to complete each sentence.
Ronaldinho played in France in 2002 several awards
Halle Berry X- men 1 in 2000 Oscar in 2001
.'
Angelina Jolie 3 adopted children Famous for Tomb Raider
t-....'!. . . ..., When Halle Berry won the Oscar in 2001, she _______ in X-men.
Some years ago Ronaldinho _______ for Paris Saint Germain.
C had already starred
D is playing
I
u played
o was starring
o has played
has starred
In 2001, Halle Berry _ __ an Oscar. O won L haswon
cD had won
Ronaldinho many awards as the best player in the world since 2004.
Since 2001, Angelina three children.
o adopted o has adopted o had adopted
Jolie _ __ _ __ _ famous for Tomb Raider. D has become
O iswinning
D became
O won
D had become
o has won
Listen and complete the following comic. Use the Word Bank.
~eat. You can help us. w~ _ _ _ _ a coach assistant
I'm with my team. They need because later today we are going to have a match .
6
right away. The match is at two.
Match the interviewer's questions with the right answer.
Would you like to be able to fly?
I would be a superhero.
I would because I am also smart. So I could still catch criminals.
would. But I love food more than anything else.
I would stop attacking ships because I'd have enough money.
Actually, I would. But my friends accept me as I
What would you do if you were a good person?
~
I don't think so because then I wouldn'l be so cute.
Would you cont1nue helping people if you weren'! so strong?
at would you If you were a :" man?
Of course, I WOUld. Because he is so romantic.
Would you continue chasing the Joker if he ' was a good person?
路 Read the story and unscramble it. Just in certain ways, but they are out of control. They have too many bad feelings. We have to destroy them.
If you try, you will sign your death sentence. What's your final decision?
I came to protect humans from destruction. It's my duty.
Nothing, except one last chance for humanity. Forgive them or you will have to fight me and my knights.
Athena, get out of my way. I don't want to hurt you. What can I offer you to change your mind?
You have shown great courage, so let's give humans another opportunity.
I don't agree. I know they have done wrong things ...
...but they have al:: done great things. Aren't they gods' manifestations?
Do you really want to help? They don't believe in the gods anymore.
hange the questions from the story into indirect questions. What are you doing here? Do they really want help? Is there hope for them? Is that possible? What do you think? How can we help them?
Can yoU h?1I me what YOU are doing here?
Organize the adjectives in the correct order.
Reflect on Gra mma r
Remember Order of adjectives:
I can see a green I nice I big I mountain
This is a picture of a big Inoisy I industrial city
There are a lot of wooden lold I small I houses
.ast ill
llY
,
(0)
Listen to the weather forecast and check the right options. New Delhi
~ydney
London
Massachusetts
1
DODD 5~
ny foggy chilly
rainy
sunny foggy
chilly
rainy
sunny foggy
chilly rainy
sunny foggy chilly rainy
Listen to another weather forecast and write the names of the city where you might wear these clothes.
b.
Guayaquil 9
"""1
[3
E
Get into groups of 3. Throw a dice and move your counter. Talk about the topic on the square for two minutes. If you cannot do it, throw the dice again and go back the number of squares the dice indicates. Questions on pink squares give you 10 points. Questions on green squares give you 20 points. Questions on blue squares give you 30 points. The winner is the person with the most points.
What are th best nat e WOnders~ral world
(,aJ!I u! flu!4lawos JOJ paunsap rue nOA )fU!41 nOA 00
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~ een nei ence! TOrlie'" • The brain • Multiple intelligences • Outstanding people Teen entrepreneurs • World heroes • Famous Latin Americans • Mission and vision of a company
• • • • • •
. '.{jlls and Str'at cgif's • Reading: Identifying key words, main and secondary ideas. Using mind maps. • Writing: Using topic, supportive and concluding sentences. Using compound or hyphenated words . Using lead-in sentences. • Speaking: Recombining known elements in a new way. • Listening: Predicting information you will hear. Listening to something several times. Writing notes to get specific information. • Vocabulary: Breaking down a word into its components. Making diagrams.
•
Grammar and Vo('abulal'~ Review of tenses The Past Progressive and Past Perfect Tenses Types of personality Occupations Words related to businesses: product, slogan , budget, etc. Vision , mission and values of a company. Colloquial Expressions It's no big deal Plain boring Come off with flying colors Draw a blank Like beating a dead horse Hit it big
----
I~
• • • •
' plol'f" \'mll' rllo"
l.·(]g~
Who can you identify in these pictures? Why are these people famous? What special talents do they have? How have they exploited them? What occupations do you think you might be good at? What are your strengths?
My Own Company Throughout units 1 and 2 you will create a company to offer a product or a service to your class . • Use: a sheet of paper, photos, colored pencils, the Internet, books. • Discuss: How can you use your intelligence to be a successful entrepreneur?
5 - ng "Zombie" Page 102
1~uCCBssful ~BO~ B ÂŤ
...
This unit will guide you to • describe different types of intelligences. talk about important elements for starting a business.
write well-structured paragraphs. express your opinions using colloquial exp
Multiple IntelliaenceC) 1. Classify these activities into each brain area by writing the corresponding number. a. Imagining b Planning a project
0
c Reflecting on your progress
C)
Designing e. Setting up budgets
f. Making calculations
9 Making reports
0 0 0 0
Occupation Two important tasks they have done this year
3 Get together with a partner and discuss the exact meaning of the words in the Word Bank. Word Bank imaginative resourceful sociable
creative talkative systematic
sympathetic though ul strategic
into its components to analyze it and understand it.
Grammar and Vocabulary Describe Homer's, Smithers' and Mr. Burns' personalities. Use the Word Bank on the previous page. - : er is
_ 11 _~.l.!. /r""", ti :.:...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,
:- ' hers is
and ____________
, and
:: y Burns is
, and ___________
Reflect on Grammar he Simple Present Tense It expresses routines and facts.
The Simple Past Tense It expresses actions that started and ended in the past.
The Present ?erfect Tense It expresses actions that occurred at a non-specific time in the past and continue to the present.
3ums always solves problems quickly.
Homer designed a logo last month .
Smithers has coordinated campaigns for three years.
_Jally, sometimes, always, every day
yesterday. some time ago last week, before, In the past
for a year since 1997 already yet. always ever
Complete the sentences. Use the Word Bank. Then, check (
Thi
-"
_ _ _ my activities for today. 1 _ _ _ _ _ an entry in my diary. I _____ calculations on how to spend my money. I something with vivid color.
~
o o o o
Usually wh
I being on my own to being with others. I back to notes I took in class. I information in charts or mind maps. I pictures and color them to decorate my notebooks.
') the sentences that are true about you.
0 0 0 0
This mo
I on aspects that I need to improve. I someone to do something I wanted. I some crosswords or brainteasers. I something original on the computer.
write prefer plan persuade refer solve paint organize
f. Listen and write down what your two main intelligences are.
Useful Expressions
I am:
I gues elements in a new way to reinforce the concepts learned .
design
lbe
draw reflect make
actually in fact 1 mean
Make groups of three according to your intelligences. Discuss and decide the kind of role you would like to perform in your company and why. Use the Useful Expressions, the model dialog and the vocabulary studied so far. • Write some sentences that describe your responsibilities in the project. Share the sentences in the group.
Intelligent Ideas
LESSON 2
1. Check (v ) the sentences and questions you hear. Then, write the tense for each.
o o o o o o
He has provided solutions.
He had provided solutions. Tense ____________________ He came up with the script letters.
He has come up with the script letters. Tense _____________________ He owns a company.
He will own a company. Tense _____________________
o o o o o o
What has he done through Microsoft?
What will he do through Microsoft? Tense ____________________ When will he do it?
When did he do it? Tense ____________________ What does the slogan represent?
What did the slogan represent? Tense ____________________
Listen to the rest of the show and answer the questions. a. What makes a product successful? ________________________________________________________ b. What are the characteristics of a successful logo? _______________________________________________ c. What is important to keep in mind when coming up with a slogan? ___________________________________
he Imp I Pre n Tense
Till) SimDle . as Tense
Does Wieden own a company?
Did Robinson create Coca-Cola?
Have Wieden and his team wn ten
What does a slogan represent?
When did Robinson come up with Coca-Cola's slogan?
any other famous slogans? What 'la~ Gates done through Microsoft?
The Pre,,-nt ertect ~e"se
3. Complete the following dialog with the correct verb forms. Today we have Bill Gates in our program. For the last few years, he (be) the most extraordinary entrepreneur in the world . Mr. Gates, what you (do)
come true.
I remember that my partner Paul and I _______ (think) that one day computers would be more personal, so we believed we _____ (can) improve software design. Pau _______ always _____ writing software.
owner ________ qualities: passion , creativity, intelligence and ability to work on a team.
Grammar and Vocabulary Interview your classmates and fill in the chart. ---
jft?
--
----
--
.,d someone who . ..
------Question
has ever created a logo or slogan.
Name
Have you ever created?
came up with a creative idea in the past.
Details
------
A logo lor. . ---------~
rovides a service at school. ------j
- ns his/her own business. I
as a parent who is an entrepreneur.
Look at these logos and slogans. Which logo or slogan do you like better? Why?
G
SONY LIKE
NO
OTH E R
Read the following characteristics. Write L (logo), S (slogan) or B (both). It has contrasting colors. I has a shape that the brain recognizes easily. I builds company identity.
D
D
D
It makes the consumer feel good. It sounds good. It is a simple and direct statement.
7. Look at the pictures. In pairs, predict the product or service each person created. Then, listen and complete the chart.
- =.- :' duct or service?
:;0 or slogan? :: -~ 'e they done to - :. :: . eir project?
: -JOse a possible product (food, clothing, stationery) or service (lessons, design, rentals) or another choice you have. : reate a logo and a slogan for your company. Take into account the information in exercises 2, 6 and 7. 17
Unlimited Brain Power!
LESSON 3
Guess if these statements are T (true) or F (false). Compare with your partner.
a.D Every person's brain does the same mental operations. b.D Neuronal connections determine the way we learn. c [
The brain stops developing as you get older.
Read the text below and do the activities suggested between paragraphs. How does our brain work? Does everybody have the same abilities? No, we don't. What makes the difference? We process information differently because of the kind of stimuli we have been exposed to and
(1)
Figure out the instruction. MEREPEAT
When was I born?
What's wrong with this picture?
(2)
Define in your own words. Neuronal connection is -----------------------That means there are different ways of being intelligent. Psychologist Howard Gardner has identified 8 intelligences the brain can develop, to wit: Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Natllralistic and Visual-Spatial. The teasers after the first paragraph represent some of those intelligences. If you know your
18
What can you see in these two pictures?
't
The day before yesterday I was 25 and next year I will be 28. This is true only one day in a year. When was I born?
Each of these teasers is more attractive to one type of learner than to others. That is the result of differences in the brain. Those differences can be seen in the neuronal connections. Neurons, the basic cells of our nervous system, create trillions of connections to about 15,000 others, forming a mass that will assume and process life experiences. However, those connections gt) through a reduction process called Trimming that occurs before birth, then at the ages of two, eleven and twenty-five. It is similar to the cutting down of tree branches and helps to ~et lip the final connections.
(4)
the genetic information we are born with. Also, the way approach life is Imked to the way our brains have develop _ Differences in styles might be identified by how easy it is us to answer different tea路er.:;. Try the following ones.
Another significant characteristic of the brain Plasticity or the ability to adapt. It is the bratr capacity to reorganize its different regions a5: result of experience. Sometimes a brain region can assu["" a different function when the original one has suffered so rr kind of damage. Plasticity makes some brain regions bigg :: than others: the regions that control what we do most. F example, the region that controls the right leg for a soc~ _ player that uses principally his right leg will be larger ththe region that controls his left leg. In other words, the m ' . you try experiences, the more your brain will grow, and more intelligent you will become in that respect.
(3)
Plasticity is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ natural tendencies and you are aware of the fact tt_ previous experiences have made you more intelligent some areas, it is a good idea to explore and '!reng! those intelligences you have not worked on very mueThat is exactly what famous individuals and importZi business people have done. They have built up as man) their intelligences as possible to ~uccced in life.
Reading and Writing Go back and match these topics to the paragraphs. Identify key words in the text to support your choice. Compare answers with a partner.
o o o
o
mum/> 0 r/iffpl'f'n function
Brain flexibility
Multiple intelligences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Brain uniqueness Biological network
Play with your partner and answer the following questions.
30 points
10 points
50 points
we :~d.
for
Why do we all have different abilities?
d
Name two essential characteristics of the brain.
g.
How can we define Intelligence?
Name 5 different intelligences.
e.
How does the brain form?
h.
What happens when the brain has suffered some damage?
What is a neuron?
f.
How does the brain grow?
i.
What is Trimming?
Look at the colored words in the text on page 18 and complete the following chart. up your own definitions and examples. rd
succeed
IS
verb
Definition
My own example
--------------- ----------/0 achieve what you want
verb
to make a connection
amazing
adjective
very surprising
set up
verb
k
o路S a
Category
I want fo s ceed in my mo or.
~o through
:easer strengthen
I
a difficult problem verb
Complete the following mind map about the text on the previous page.
Use mind maps to understand the structure of a text.
19
Reading and Writing 7. Read the paragraph below and tick the mind map that corresponds to it.
a·D
- -- @
b·D
Comf ort
---~ Examples
- -- (@ Explanat ions No distinct i between righand left
Sneakers are a type of a successful product that was made to answer the need to wear shoes with more comfort and better design. The first tennis shoes were very uncomfortable. They were also very simple. In the 19th century, American companies came up with the idea of using canvas to make them comfortable and quiet. The word sneakers was then adopted because sneak means to move quietly. Later, the German Adi Dassler, founder of Adidas, developed better athletic sneakers to answer the need to have high performance shoes for the Olympic Games. Today, with intelligent contributions from Nike and Puma, sneakers have become so comfortable and fashionable that everybody wears them.
J
Use a topic sentence to introduce the main idea of a paragraph, supportl"g sentences using explanations, examples, etc. , and a ('r Iut.. lr r I rI(' to wrap up your paragraph .
Write a paragraph. Read the following problems and choose one of them . Problem 1 I usually study hard for midterm exams, but sometimes I don't remember everything I studied. It'd be great to have something that helped me memorize better. I've tried pills and stuff, but they don't work.
Problem 2 I have a noisy little dog . Sometimes it barks or whines, but I don't know what it wants. I'd be cool if there was something that helped me understand what my dog means.
• Write a text about the importance of your product using topic, supporting and concluding sentences. Use a mind map to help you.
b Think of a product or service that will solve the problem you choose and write a paragraph to explain it. 20
LESSON 4
AWhale of aSlogan! I
•
Culture and Communication
1 Look at the following logos. Listen and write A - 0 according to the order in which these products or services are mentioned.
{(i)
o
o
o MUSIC
TELEVISION ~
Match the expressions with their use.
o
Expression Man, that's plain boring.
l it's awesome. '------' It's a whale of a slogan . It's so catchy.
1 to express that something is not nice at all. 2. to express that something is extremely good. 3. to express that something is very attractive. 4. to express that something is very nice.
Use the model and the expressions in the previous exercise to talk about the following logos and slogans.
" ichael, have you - : ~ ce d that the logo of -: :as is a whale of a logo?
It's no big deal. Actually, I think it's plain boring.
Useful Expressions
Time for Fun! he R
ce
Throw a die and follow the direction on the square you land on or answer the question. 1. You have chosen your major. Go forward to 6. I.
Finish
What kind of personality do you have?
What did you do at school yesterday? What are the qualities of a successful entrepreneur?
Spell your name backwards without making mistakes.
Have you ever worked? If not, what job are you interested in?
What does a student usually have to do for doing well at college?
Find the odd one: artist, scientist, number, logic. Wow! Go forward three spaces.
Mention eight occupations in ten seconds.
Wow! Go to nineteen. Mention the eight intelligences identified by Howard Gardner.
Draw number six with your right hand and your left foot simultaneously on the air.
Sorry! Go back to start. How long has your mom/dad had the same work?
. Wow! Go to eighteen.
. 0 Sorry! Go back to four.
. Find the odd one: company, musician, designer, engineer.
1. You didn't take your studies seriously. Go back three spaces.
Repeat this tongue twister five times and quickly without making mistakes: She sells sea shells by the seashore. You came up with an idea of a business. Explain it. ..,
Congratulations. You 've won l
Quiz Time ose the most suitable word to complete the =:- ' ences. ." l e, my best friend, is really _ _ _ _ __ 5~ s can talk for hours. talky talkative lalkful talkable
ed?
.u
Choose the correct verb form. a Albert Einstein, a number-smart person , _ _ _ _ _ _ the Nobel Prize for physics in
1921. win has won wins won
't think Emily is . She is ally very quiet and shy. She prefers to be alone. sociably sociaful sociable society
:0
-:ae
_~
~1.
FIle
Picture-smart students always _ _ _ _ __ internal pictures and images. I creates 2. created '. create will create
, ii agers need to make good decisions to _ _ _ _ _ _ a business successfully. lake ake uild n
c Since its invention, Coca-Cola _ _ _ _ __
-5n you start your own business, it's important to _ _ _ _ _ _ a budget.
d. For a long time, Microsoft _ _ _ _ __ innovative solutions for customers. 1 provide 2 provides 3 provided has provided
.set up _'ovide ;;0 through
one of the most popular logos in the world. 1. was "l is will be 4 has had
Listen and answer the questions. Suzie Rodriguez
What kind of business does she have?
How has she helped her community through her business?
What happened last year?
How much did she get?
..
:;
valuation :Ui'路 "lY -_~ .
: e different types of intelligences.
zJ: ::: 4.J t important elements for starting a business. .,. ",II-structured paragraphs . - ::':'3
my opinions using colloquial expressions.
.'mJW41_ j
I
~
I
a~n~
t Worl~ ~BrOBS Goal..,
This unit will guide you to • talk about business mission and vision . • express a sequence of events in biographies.
ADream Comes True
~
identify main and secondary ideas in a text. • express success or failure .
LESSON 1
1. Read the brochure and classify the colored words in the box below.
e> magine a world without fantasy. It would be boring, wouldn't it?Walt Disney, asuccessful entrepreneur who I started with 20 do lla rs and ended up with a company
Disney's vision helped him define how to make wonderful theme parks that had castles and fi reworks. His empire involves a TV channel, around 150 movi es and all the parks with their rides and shows. Some of the most significant movies prod ::' by Disney are the fol lowing:
that now costs billions of dollars, identified how to ma ke a big business out of fantasy. When he opened Disneyland in 1955, he had already produced Pinocchio, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and many other movies. Before that, he had also won an Oscar and calculated the power of his vision. Before Walt was famous, he had already discussed and found out about the power of his cartoons, especially Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. Many people consider him a hero of the 20th century because he taught others that dreams can come true. He opened Magic Kingdom in 1971 . It was a potential success even before its opening because Disney had already determined the likelihood of the business by establishing his selling strategies, which included lots of advertising. To avoid losses he also wrote a practical and realistic budget for every dollar he spent. Typical Budget sample: Investment. .. 3,000 Expenses ... 1,700. Gains ... 1,300
TITLE 1. Cars 2. The Chronicles of ~. : 3. Finding Nemo 4. The Incredibles 5. The Lion King 6. Monsters, Inc. 7. Mulan 8. Peter Pan 9. Pirates of the Caril:: :: 10. Toy Story Roller coasters and ferris wheels make up the best attractions in Disney's parks. Those parks also have different parades where you see dinosaurs, monsters and princesses.
characteristics or components
24
1. potential
4.
1.
2.
5.
2.
3.
6.
determine the likelihood of the bus mess
~ • 2. Listen to how Walt Disney and his brother made their business successful. Order the events. They :Jetermined a realistic price. : und out how much customers were willing to pay.
•
CD
•
0
They calculated potential and significant sales. established how much to make to recover investment.
•
0
They defined costs.
•
0
estimated the expenses.
:omplete the time line about how Disney established the price in exercise 2.
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
:<llculated entia I and 5 gnificant sales
:lO
:~d
. Cast Perfect Tense is used to express an action that happened before another action in the past. It's a past in the past. Firs) Walt produced Pinocchio. (Afterwards) He opened the park. When Wall opened the first amusement park in 1955, he had already produced Pinocchio. Before that he had also won an Oscar. Common expressions: Before that. at the time by then. already
mple Past Tense expresses the action that occurred in a more recent past. Walt Disney Identified a way to make a big business. mmon expressions: when. that year/day
Write sentences for the time line in exercise 3. Use the Past Perfect tense. - ' 949 they had calculated the DO/ential and significant sales. - ' 950 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1951 ______________________________________________________________________ - 952 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fold a sheet of paper into three parts to have six sides and create a brochure similar to the one in exercise 1. Organize it like this: • Side one: your logo, slogan and a drawing of the product or service you are willing to offer. • Side two: the sentences you wrote in stage 1desaibing your responsibilities. You may add photos of yourselves. • Side three: use the information in exercises 1 and 2 to define the price for your product or service.
25
~
Role Models
1. Listen to the music and order the pictures. Then, tell a partner who your favorite role model is.
;;;:0.\ 2. (0) .
f
LESSON 2
Read the statements and bet between 10 and 100 pOints with a partner. Then, listen to check the answers. Statement
Bet
â&#x20AC;˘
Loss
1 By 1810, Bolivar had already invested part of his fortune to finance the revolution. 2. While Chespirito was defining a way to criticize the unrealistic image of superheroes, he came up with the idea of EI Chapulfn Colorado .
3. Gabriel Garcia Marquez was planning to write a book about Bolivar when he decided to write The General in His Labyrinth. 4. By 1995, JLo hadn't succeeded as an entrepreneur because she hadn't opened her store, Sweetface Fashion Company, yet.
Listen to the second part of the program and complete the chart. Simon Bolivar Set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ for all his fellow countrymen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , equality Intrapersonal, ------.;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;!.==;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;====-~""
Ion Vision Values Intelligences
JLO Make business _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in different areas Become the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ entrepreneur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ , responsibility Kinesthetic, ~_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. Complete the following text. Use the Word Bank. People who have a vision generally reach their goals. That was the case of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. His magic
reflected his values and his vision for life. By 1980, he hadn't received his
Nobel Prize yet, but he had already assumed a
vision of what was happening in his
country. He had understood his _ _ _ _ _ _ as a writer.
â&#x20AC;˘ The Past Progressive Tense It is used to report events in progress in the past. In 1812 Bolivar was canying out his campaing. 26
The Past Perfect Tense (negative statements) By 1980, Gabriel Garcia Marquez hadn't received his nobel prize yet.
Grammar and Vocabulary • 5. Complete the story. Use the Past Progressive Tense. Listen to check your answers.
-ain The robot _________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (wa'lk) - ·'s street when a robot appeared.
-: :: :i-ble --------------_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (lift)
E
:-~3 ."
en he heard the call.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (destroy) the city when Mr. Incredible jumped on him.
___ _ _ _ _ _~ (train) with his chipote when he detected danger!
------------------~~~----------------
Mr. Incredible
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fight) the robot when Mrs. Incredible came to help him.
EI Chapulin ___________ (try)
to help, but the lady hit him too.
"rite T (true) or F (false). When Mr. Incredible was doing exercise, a robot had appeared on the street. When Mrs. Incredible came to help, EI Chapulin had detected danger. _
Before Mr. Incredible fought the robot, he had lifted weights.
ake sentences according to the story. Use the Simple Past and Past Perfect "e ses.
: . =:When Mr. Incredible / hear the cali, the robot / appear. heard had already appeared .: ':5 When EI Chapulin / detect danger / the robot / attack the city. : ':5: Before EI Chapulin / try to help / Mr. Incredible / 11ft weights. =:
:
When the lady / hit EI Chapulin / Mr. Incredible / jump on the robot.
.
.
• Based on the information in exercises 3 and 4, decide the vision, mission and values that your company will have. Write that information on the fourth side of your brochure.
27
ALatin American Genius
LESSON 3
1 Answer the following trivia. Then, check the answers in the text. a Roberto G6mez Bolanos studied r- engineering acting D literature b The nickname Chespirito refers to D funny actor little Shakespeare =:J short c EI Chavo has not been transmitted in Russia 0 Japan Germany
= n
o
o
'} Read the text and write numbers to organize it. D El Chavo was just as successful. Part of its success came from the script because it revealed the Latin American reality of that time. It portrayed low-income people living together in a neighborhood "vecindad" experiencing tragic and comic situations. El Chavo also presented children performed by adults and adults that behaved like children . It was a good way to catch the attention of both audiences. D Chespirito calculated the expenses and gains of his TV shows very well. He had a realistic selling strategy and he invested time and money in it because he knew he was doing the right thing. He is a good entrepreneur. By 1992, the year when the show production stopped, millions of viewers around the world had seen the show. As a result of Chespirito's entrepreneurial skills, his programs have been translated into many languages such as French, Russian, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese and Japanese.
D While G6mez Bolanos was helping with production and jingles, the advertising company asked him to write complete scripts for their shows and to start acting. One of the directors loved the scripts and decided to name him Chespirito, to mean "little Shakespeare". After that, Chespirito wrote 50 movies and several TV shows. Although he had not acted before, he showed he was a very good and hilarious actor. His first character was Dr. Chapatfn. Then came: Kiko, Chilindrina, Nono, Chimoltrufia, Ch6mpiras, etc. By 1970, he hadn't yet created EI Chavo but he had already invented El Chapulfn Colorado (The Red Grasshopper). A year later, he came up with EI Chavo del 8 (The child from [the apartment number] 8). D Roberto G6mez Bolanos was a very intelligent and funny kid. At that time , he clearly showed a high level of linguistic, musical and kinesthetic intelligence.
By the time he was 20, he had spent a lot of time ; soccer, boxing and composing music. But he ' yet tried writing seriously. He dropped his engi;studies because he did not like them. One day, \ was working in a steel company, he saw an ad .:advertising company in the newspaper. The ad \\ _ practical person to help in TV production and scrip ' He got the job and started showing his potential. D By 1972, El Chapulfn and EI Chavo (twoofChe.'-:most significant characters) had already set . in the Mexican TV ratings. By 1979, Spain an.. countries in Latin America were also broadcastir::shows. EI Chapulfn was a successful character. I: to be a criticism of superheroes. He has the sam and mission of a superhero but he is dumb and \'.... always makes mistakes and destroys places. TLintroduction and the heart with a Ch on Chapulfr seem to be a caricature of Superman. Its influence . that even The Simpsons has a character based on r Bumblebee). These are some of the phrases that El Chapulfn an.:. Chavo made famou s. Today some of them are pan Latin American cultural tradition.
INo contaban con mi astucia! : You did not count on my intelligence! jLo sospeche desde un principio! : I suspected it from the beginning. • j5e aprovechan de mi nobleza! : You toke advantage of r goodness. • jChanfle!: Oh, My God!
• IFue sin querer queriendol: Ididn't mean to, but meant • jEs que no me tlenen paclenclo!: You guys are not potier' • jEso, eso, eso, eso!: That's it, tha~s it, tha~s it.
Reading and Answer the questions. "ihat types of intelligences does Chespirito have?
Nho gave Roberto the nickname Chespirito?
Nhat famous character had Chespirito come up with before he created EI Chavo?
Vhat is the name of the character that is based on EI Chapulin?
laying
ld not
eering ;i le he ~ m an nted a riting.
Yow do we know that Chespirito is a great entrepreneur?
Write main or secondary for the following ideas. 3tJh 1
irito 's :ecord nany these ~eems
.alues
tk. He
show chest ~ o big n (the
-~ ~ot
a job as a scriptwriter but he had never :' ~ led that. Mam a r1 ~ ""1ovie director decided to name him Chespirito, : ean "little Shakespeare." _ _ _ __ _
He dropped his engineering studies because he did not like them. _ _ _ _ __ The company he worked for asked him to write scripts for shows and to act, too. _ _ _ __
'auJ13
=:hapu/in was a great a success. CI
E/ Chapulin seems to be a criticism of superheroes. ______
h4
=-
:;havo shows poor people that live in the .:: e place. ______
E/ Chavo was successful.
h5
: -espirito is a great entrepreneur.
principal sentence in a paragraph. It is usually but not always in the first place. Secondary ideas are extra information. They explain or develop
E/ Chapu/in and E/ Chavo were translated into many languages. _ _ _ _ __
5. Classify the phrases below into MI (main idea) and 51 (secondary ideas). Then, write numbers to organize them to make a paragraph.
it]. me.
o o o
He generated interest by intentionally leaving some issues unanswered. __ There are some important reasons that explain the success of Chespirito's characters. --.ML Another reason is the presence of issues that are typical of Latin American culture. __
OWe never:leamt for example, what was in Dr. Chapatin's paper bag or EI Chavo's real name. __
o
Many Ch8~tJs' names begin by Ch and EI Chapulin's powers are simple Latin American technological tools. __
Reading and Wrifng 6. Read and paraphrase the phrases below. Carolina Herrera is a 68-year-old Venezuelan fashion designer and entrepreneur. She created her company in 1980. She has made well-<:lesigned clothes for the best-dressed people in Hollywood. Her 1~i1fion-dollar gains every year make her company one of the best-positioned businesses in the U.S. The well-known company has opened boutiques in five different countries in the world.
Use compour: or hyphenatec words to impro .:the style of yo _. paragraph.
a. 68-year-old designer: b best-dressed people: c. 15-million-dollargains: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--';-' d. well-designed clothes:
7. Paraphrase these sentences using a hyphenated word. a This clothing had the best production possible: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--==,:::=,-.;-.::-_ __ b. A product that has 5 components: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ c A service that costs 3 dollars: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ d. We chose our product very well: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
8 Look at the previous hyphenated words and complete the rules with the Word Bank. a. Use a hyphen when you use
- '''-==---_
and nouns to express quantities.
b. Use a hyphen between _ _ _ _ _,and a past participle to express how well something is done.
Word Bank well best numbers
c. Use a hyphen between _ _ _ _ _ and a past participle to express that something has the best quality.
9. Choose the best lead-in sentence to begin another paragraph about Carolina Herrera. a. Do you know one of the most famous people from Venezuela? b. Alva Edison once said , "There is a better way to do it. Find it." c. An old saying goes like this: "Clothes make the man," 10. Write a paragraph. Choose Chespirito or Walt Disney. Think of a possible lead·in sentence and share it with your partner.
• • • •
Find information about someone who has a business about a product or service similar to yours. Decide on a lead-in sentence, a main idea and secondary ideas you want to share about him/her. Write a paragraph about that person and put that information on the fifth side of your brochure. Remember to use the Past Perfect and Past Simple tenses.
LESSON 4
Culture and Communication
mFailure to Success
Word Bank
. Complete the sentences according to what you hear. Use the Word Bank.
- : ough I tried to make a _____ , my effort .::s in vain ,
b. I had a successful _ _ _ _ for
Janet Jackson ,
c. I was successful with my _ _ __
The Guernica!
painting
sound movie
basketball
aUdition
d. I wanted to be on my school's _ _ _ __ team , but I wasn 't chosen,
atch the following colloquial expressions with the situations above. : came off with flying colors, "
"He drew a blank in high school."
I
"iis idea was like beating a dead horse,"
"He hit it big with his creation ,"
... omplete the following conversation using the colloquial expressions studied above. - _ I'm so happy, All my final exams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Good for you! Unfortunately I think I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in my math exam , -:lers are just not for me, - _ I'm glad the school year is almost over. The problem is that I need to decide what -~ : - lo choose, I've tried to convince my parents that I want to study acting , but this is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ' They just say, "No, that's not a good career", . I don't agree with them, I think acting is actually a good option, Just look at Nicolas = , ;::. He really with his movies, He's been really successful. Yeah , he's my role model. You're right. I'll keep working to make my dreams come true ,
This year all my projects have come off with flying colors, I am part of the soccer team , I passed all tests and my parents gave me a USB player, I definitely hit it big at school and at home.
Complete the chart. Then, talk to your partner. Use the colloquial expressions presented above. It came off with flying colors!
I drew a blank,
It was like beating a dead horse,
I hit it big ,
Vhen? ,Vhere?
\,', ~, 3 : happened? f-fft ÂŤ: Gap activity. i'lt Agoes to page 90. ent B goes to page 93.
0 1
III
I keep working if I have fa ilures, I value failure as a learning route, I understand not everything in life is given ,
Always
Sometimes
Never
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::> 31
Share our Pro'ect Discuss your experiences. , What previous experiences had you had in creating a business? Wh~t have the positive and negative aspects of creating the business for the project been?
~ What have ~ou done regarding the negative aspects you found? What IS the Importance of this experience for your education?
~)
I
I
32
Our business is about. .. The best thing about our product/service is .. . One thing I like is your .. . I think your business is .. .
listen, read and answer.
AGE- Students for the Advancement of Global Entrepreneurship- is an organization founded in California that aims at empowering youngsters to create civic-minded companies, clubs or businesses. As one of its activities, SAGE promotes the National Entrepreneurship Tournament in which more than 100 high school students from different states participate to become the SAGE U.S.A. champion and represent their country at the SAGE World Cup held in Shanghai, China . In this competition judges evaluate aspects such as students' entrepreneurship, civic engagement, environmental responsibility, community outreach , consultancy of college mentors and a business advisory board. After the presentation , student presenters have an oral interview with the judges. The projects that students present range from running a food cart service to avoid difficulties at lunchtime to helping a less fortunate ethnic group find markets in which to sell handicrafts.
I
Useful Expressio~
These projects were actually past winners. With these kinds of projects, young students develop their potential in the business world . By getting familiar with planning a business, finance and basic economics, students will make better decisions with regards to their financial security in the future . â&#x20AC;˘ Does your school organize entrepreneurship competitions? â&#x20AC;˘ How can the creation of a business help people? , What companies or businesses do you admire? Why?
Give your presentation Have an entrepreneurship fair. Make copies of your brochure and share it with other groups. Decide what sides of the brochure each person in the group will present. Exchange opinions about the businesses you have come up with . If possible, share actual samples of the products or services you have thought of. Decide what business was the most practical, the _ _ most interesting, and - - -the most unusual.
Quiz Time -
ose the closest word in meaning to the word in bold.
I father invested a lot of money in computers to start his graphic design company. lost 0 gained .:; put .') spent : s important to develop an advertising campaign to promote a product. selling .~ publicity :::' price ') investment e company offers a variety of services to attract more customers. clients U entrepreneurs managers C designers a Chapulin portrays the values of Latin American society. skills 0 successes --.J lives S principles
J
", hoose the correct phrase to complete the sentence. Before JLo became a successful entrepreneur, she ____________ a backup dancer. were was U was being G had been
c)
In 1958, Pele ____________ in his first World Soccer Cup championship at age 17. was playing Co had played () plays 0 played Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote his first book while he ____________ for a newspaper. ' ) was working worked 0 had worked 0 work Walt Disney ____________ ads for newspapers and movie theaters when he was young . created
O was creating
() had created
(j create
Read this paragraph and answer the questions below.
What is the main idea of the text?
= Martin Luther King was an important orator.
~ Martin Luther King suffered from discrimination.
_ Martin Luther King fought for the rights of black people. Martin Luther King wanted to become a leader.
b. What would the most important value for Martin Luther King be? ':) Intelligence
0
Equality
(~ Power
C' Effort
c. The expression "unfair" means f ) strict (-:. unjust G bad
elf-Evaluation !Ii(
• .'• •1(111 •
• ~alk about business mission and vision. express a sequence of events in biographies. Identify main and secondary ideas in a text. • express success or failure by using colloquial expressions.
.'ltTml.
~
CI[W~
Glossar -A-E advisor n. someone who gives advice.
aim v. to attempt to get your goals. / aim at starting my own business next year amazing adj. very surprising. amusement park n. a park with mechanical attractions . approach v. to start dealing with a problem or situation ; to get near. awesome adj. amazing , fantastic. bark n. the sound uttered by a dog.
bet v. to risk money on a game. brain n. the organ of the body that controls feelings , actions and thoughts. budget n. a plan of how to invest a sum of money needed for a particular purpose. catchy adj. that can attract attention. cell n. the basic structural and functional unit of all living matter.
crossword puzzle n. a game in which numbered squares are filled with letters. The words are found by solving clues.
entrepreneur n. a person who : -: business.
expense n. the amount of mo spent.
come up with phrasal v. to produce an idea, an answer, etc. customer n. someone who uses the services or products of an organization. (syn . client) damage n. an injury or harm. After the accident, he suffered serious leg damage. develop v. to make something grow, progress or become more advanced. drop v. to stop doing something. (syn . to quit, to abandon) dwarf n. someone or something much smaller than the normal size.
- F-J ferris wheel n. a ride in the rotating wheel.
~
fo~
find out phrasal v. to discove something by researching . fireworks n. a display of pyrote: ' devices used in celebrations te. entertain.
_
Glossa
:s a
'8
8
increase in profit,
. =--' ':!;e , etc.
;'.. ugh phrasal v. to experience -:: ·'1g .
S adj. very
funny.
:.: e r money received as a result ~ : .3 ness activity. • ::s ment n. the act of using '0 develop a business with the ~ ~ cO :::,J:/on of getting gains. -; : " a short song that is used for .:.: -0-: .3 ng something. : unite with somebody to form
-.:. -=.
.
Activities on page 96 • poT portray v. to represent something by using words, pictures, etc. researcher n. someone who investigates.
quote n. an utterance taken from a book, play, speech, etc. that is often cited. Energy and persistence conquer all things. Benjamin Franklin resourceful adj. someone who finds the way to do things. ride n. a mechanical attraction in an amusement park. roller coaster n. a ride that consists of a car that rolls along a track.
~s
etic adj. related to movement. ~-e ~J of poor quality, _. : ~:. ~:a ctory. '0 make a connection. _ ,.. short for logotype. A symbol , . . : entifies a company or society. ~ et '7. a kind of hammer with a long ' . -~d a large wooden head .
-:=. ork n. an interconnected system ~ ·-:Jctures. - . "- 'igurative) adj. crazy, unusual. • ~ Iy adj. organized. - eat, tidy. - ant. disorganized, :. ) to possess something. /e owns a shoe store. _ <"
run v. direct or control a project or business. Bill Gates runs a software company set up phrasal v. to establish. shape n. the visual appearance of somebody or something. (syn . form) slogan n. a memorable phrase used for advertising something. solve v. to find the solution to a problem. strengthen v. to make something stronger. Exercise will strengthen your muscles.
succeed v: to achieve a desired goal. I succeeded in passing all my exams.
sympathetic adj. expressing compassion to others. talkative adj. someone who speaks a lot. teaser n. a difficult problem. thoughtful adj. a person who is absorbed in thought. trim v. to cut down to the desired shape . She trims her bonsai tree very often.
• U-Z value n. a moral standard of behavior. (syn. principle) whine v. to make a long high-pitched cry as that made by a dog.
Colloquial Expressions A whale of a (party, song, job, etc.): something very good.
Come off with flying colors / hit it big: to do something successfully. To draw a blank: to fail to do something. Like beating a dead horse: to waste one's efforts on something that has no possibility of success. I mean / You know: used as gap fillers to take time to think. Plain boring: not nice. 35
Test Trainin Reading The people below all want to choose an ap~ropri~te maj?r. These are some descriptions of different majors. Decide which ~aJ?r would be the most suitable for each person. There is an extra description. Write the correct letter (A-G) next to each person.
1.
0
2.
0
3.
0
4.
0
5.
0
36
Carolina is a quiet student who enjoys mathematics. She doesn't have many friends because she prefers to be on her own. She likes saving money to buy her own things. David is the mathematic genius in his class. He spends most of his ti me on the computer and finding out the structure of things. He loves creating things with building blocks.
Keiko is an outgoing student who likes writing poetry and making paintings and drawings in her free time. She wants to study a major where she can exploit her creativity. Chris is a reserved and analytic person who knows herself very weH. She is a very good student in her biology class. She is a very good listener and likes helping her classmates when they have problems. Peter is a very responsi ble student. He's the best in history class. He likes solving arguments between his friends. He has been the spokesperson of the students' corn rn ittee at school.
Find words in the description of majors that are similar to the description of students.
A. Computer programmers They design, test and repair pmgrams so that computers can perform their functions. When they create programs they sometimes use complex mathematical formulas depending on the type of information to be generated. They basically tell the computers what to do and how to process information by using coded instructions. B. Psychologists They investigate the social, cognitive and emotional aspects of human behavior. Their fields of action include education, law, management, sports and health care. They advise people on how to face problems in everyday living. C. Accountants They make sure that businesses run successfully and taxes are properly paid and on time. Nowadays, they also offer services like budget planning arld investment analysis. Accountants can be self-employed. D. Lawyers They hold positions of great responsibility since the legal system is vital in our society. Lawyers can support their clients in court or provide advice on their rights and obligations. They need to research the laws and
apply them effectively to the s of the client. E. Graphic designers They provide visual solutions t: communication problems. The:. find the most effective way to ~ 足 a message across using a var : of methods like color, photogrc : illustration and print techniq lE consider cultural, cognitive an: factors in planning designs. F. Civil engineers They apply the principles of sc 7 and mathematics to design ar: supervise the construction of _ buildings, tunnels, etc. When ~ . develop a project, they consi d~ many factors such as the estl costs, duration, government Ie possible environmental hazar=_ as earthquakes.
Test Training Writing apply to a university in the U.S. The director wants to select lith the most potential. Write a small description of youself. In your you should talk about your personality, intelligences, values and about your abilities, say what major you would like to study and why. - 3.>45 words. :-: _0
"'tfIDi,t路+-utug路b Make sure you understand the instructions and include the information required . Check your work again and correct any mistakes.
: J{Ji _
:. :::
: hy.
Listening - - - ~ ~ d Kaleigh are talking about business. Read the statements (1-5) : :~ de whether each one is R (right) or W (wrong). :~ ds
_
-ateo s ar
Kaleigh wants to pay her studies by herself.
~ .
_
sue _
Read each question and identify key words before the recording starts. Check your answers again when you listen for the second time.
nie is sure that Kaleigh's business will be successful.
-<aleigh has already thought of a strategy to sell her elry.
.='
/ aleigh plans to ask her parents for money to start . . er business . . nnie thinks that the name of Kaleigh's business is - arious.
aking - ; ;. 'ends of yours are planning to set up their : .. si ness. You have to talk about what they need -: : in mind. You also need to discuss the most : --,1characteristics of the product or service :" ould consider.
_~ :he pictures to create ideas for your conversation.
37
•
~ nowe BIS OW J., ,i<' • The movie world The sports world Guinness Records The Encyclopedia Turning points in the 20 th century in politics, economy and the environment SI- ill~ and !Str'at. 0 i~ . • Reading: Looking at pictures to focus your reading . Looking for word or concept repetition or for chronological order to establish a sequence. Moving your eyes quickly through the text to locate specific information . • Writing: Using models to write a text. Using italics, bold face and underlining to call the readers' attention. Using thesis statements to focus a text. • Speaking: Participating in a panel discussion . Paying attention to signal words for presenting or changing the topic, stating general facts, describing consequences and adding ideas.
• Listening: Paying attention to spe: ~ details. Focusing attention on sigr3 expressions such as "To begin wi to get the main ideas. Associating pronunciation to spelling patterns. • Vocabulary: Relating images to ' . remember them better. Using sy : to establish cohesion within the !:II
J ~ III I
a ' ane
• The Passive Voice • Verb Patterns So do I... • So + adj / such a + noun • So many / so little / so few ... tha: • Words related to sports and mo = ~ • Words related to historical eve :3 • Colloquial Expres ions Look into Figure out Come across Give up Find out
.:. plm'f" Your Kno" ledge
"c
• What sports and movies do you know about? • Do you know how movies are produced? • What do you know about the events and people portrayed in the pictures? Why are they important? Are you interested in history, politics or the environment? Do you think it is necessary for a teenager to know about these issues? Why? Why not?
My Encyclopedia Throughout units 3 and 4 you will create an encyclopedia to share knowledge about different topics with your class. Use: Magazines, the Internet, a Word Processor. Discuss: What's the importance of an encyclopedia? What elements does an encyclopedia have?
!'
.'.'
"Kryptonite" Page 103
,
!I I
Goals This unit will guide you to • use vocabulary to refer to movies and sports. • talk about processes and recent events.
• use verb combination patterns . • use expressions to participate in a panel discuss :
LESSON 1
The Movie World
1. Read the text and complete the puzzle with words from it. Then, complete the Reflect on Grammar chart.
M
ovies are the most important means of entertainment today. How have they been produced in the last few years? Although many new things have been implemented lately, some basic steps are always followed. First of all, a plot is written. Then, the cast is chosen and designers
CD
decide on the costumes. Make-up is also used to create the characters. Regarding production, lots of new techniques have been applied . Scale models, common in the past, haven't been employed recently. In Terminator 3, for example, real robots were used. Several takes are shot for each scene
but only the best one is chosen. effects aren't used while filming; tr~ added at the end . After that, all the : are put together and edited. Fine movie is presented in cinemas all the world to amuse people. The best usually receive awards.
1. Small representations '----'--1--+----'----'
2. Aprize in recognition for something 3. Synonym for fun 4. Cosmetics applied to the face 5. Actors in a movie 6. The story in a movie 7. Clothing worn by actors
The Present Passive Vo,,:e is used to describe processes. First of all, a plot is written. Then, the cast is chosen. The Past Passive Voice is used to report things that happened in a spedfic past. In Terminator 3, for example, real robots were used. The Present Perfect Pa sive VOle· is used to report recent events. Many new things have been implemented lately.
Questions in the Present Perfect Passive Voice
+ subj9C1.
(Wh) + How
have
movie
~
_
+ verbln een
roduced
complement In
+
the last few years
Negative sentences in the Present Perfect Passive Voice _ _ _ _ '0 the auxtliary verb _ _ _ __ 40
Scale models
haven't been
employed recentfy.
? ?
Grammar and Vocabulary ~ • 2. Complete the dialog. Use the Word Bank and the Passive Voice. Then, listen to confirm. -I did. -I'm a fan, actually. Most scenes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia.
- Did you see The Matrix? I think it's the best saga ever produced. - Seems like you know a lot, so, tell me where the main ideas were taken from?
- Some ideas _ _ _ _ _ _ from the Christian tradition and some others from Plato's writings; you know, the Greek philosopher. Now you tell me who the saga was directed by?
I n.
_____ there any new information
- By the Wachowski brothers, and
ecial are Eces the ltlnd ies
they did a great job, you know? The movie _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more than 30 awards.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the Internet?
- Yes. The 100 Agent Smith's battle was completed after two years of work, as it had so many special effects.
- By the way, how much did the special effects cost?
-It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that the cost of
- All right. You know a lot. But you can't know this
special effects was $100 million dollars.
one. How many mistakes_ _ _ _ _ _ ?
- 334 so far. But some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
- We sure do.
yet. I see we both know a lot about the saga.
i") .
3. Listen and (v ') check or ( ) cross out. Then, correct the mistakes. Terminator
.iliit.~·_
: =scial effects
D It's been given 28 awards. D Long hours were required for make-up.
==. ails
D The cast for Terminator 4 has already been chosen. D An air-conditioner was installed in the studio.
- , erds
: 0.
D It was given 10 awards . D The make-up was made of plastic.
I D The first script was sold to Cameron's wife for $10. D The script was rejected by most American directors.
Complete the sentences. he saga of Toy Story has been nom inated to win _ _ ___ .J.... for best music, original song and original script. - One of the cheapest forms of __ ~ ____ _ _____ is going to the movies. he ___ .l.. for Finding Nemo was written by Andrew Stanton. • The ~ ___ for Ame/ie, a great movie produced in 2001 , was from France . = Forrest Gump was nominated for an Oscar for its .ill. _ _ _
Some materials used for the creation of _ _ _
W
_ _ .
J. _
Did you know that ... 1. more than 10,000 scale models _ _ _ _ _ to produce the transformations in Transformers? 2. the movie _ _ _ _ _ __ 5 awards so far? 3. the plot _ __ _ _ in 2004?
Get into groups of 3. Research the movie world to create the first two pages of your visual encyclopedia. Write about how special effects have been created, how many awards the movies have been given, what techniques have been used for make-up and so on. • Remember to include pictures and colors.
41
r;)
LESSON2
The Sports World
1. Listen and circle the sports you hear. Then, listen again and write T (true) or F (false).
soccer
basketball
hockey
volleyball
swimming
skateboarding
BMX
[ÂŁJ Individual sports allow people to cooperate and achieve goals.
The combination of two verbs follows different patt Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Verb + Gerund Verb + Infinitive In individual sports peo Jordan enjoys helping people, attempt to perform slur ':
o In team sports people attempt to perform ~
D Jordan was chosen as the greatest athlete of the last
r
century, but he hasn't learned to swim or ice skate, D Jordan enjoys helping people,
Pattern 3
D Jordan led the Lakers to win six championships,
Verb + Object + Infinitive Jordan led the Bulls to win 6 championships,
o Jordan stopped playing in the NBA three times, ~. 2.
:
'See Grammar Appeno ' more verbs in each category on page 100,
Read and choose the right option. Then, listen and check your answers.
In a team sport that was practiced about 3,000 years ago, rival teams (1) to insert a ball in a stone ring on a wall, Differe-' for this sport (2) been found in countries from Mexico to Costa Rica, This indicates that it (3) played very often by ths and Aztecs, Although the rules of the game are not clearly known, it is evident that competitors enjoyed (4) the four versi: -: game, They allowed children (5) and schools even (6) the best players to become professional, We are not (7) to kn o. ,ut the game, but one thing is true : Our ancestors also liked having fun,
(1 ) a. wanted
o
(2) a. have b. has c. can d. keep
0 0 [!1 play 0
b. expected c. enjoyed d. attempted
(5) a. b. playing c. to play d. played
0 0
0
(6) a. b. c. d.
o 0 0 0
(3) a. to attempt b. was c. to be d. attempted
considered admitted explained encouraged
0 0 0
0
0(4) 0 0 0
(7) a. b. c. d.
a. playing b. practici n.,; c. to perforr d. to pracoe~
perform good able attempted
C 0 0 0
The NBA holds the most important basketball t a in the wc- : to encourage players to be the best by giving them eleven differe r~ = Jordan was always the best player on the court, He was able to 5' :: seconds in the air,
~) Did
you knovv t h
1. the Olympics started in Greece in honor of - c 2. according to a legend, the Olympics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by Heracles' 3. the very first Olympic _ _ _ _ _ __ history was Coreobus, a runner who won t~ = , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ approximately 1 ?~
Grammar and Vocabulary 3. Read this text and label the players. Among ball games, soccer is the most popular worldwide. It is played by two teams of eleven players each. The of the game is to maneuver a ball into the opposing goat posts. There is a goalkeeper to prevent goals from being made. He is the only player who can use his -hands or arms to stop or propel the ball. Right in front of him, there are three or four players called the defensemen or fullbacks, whose primary task is not to allow the opposition to score. Then , in front of them , you can find the midfielders. These are two, three or four players who link together in the defensive and the offensive creation functions of a team . They play behind the forwards, who are responsible for most of a team's scoring.
• •• Use synonyms to establish cohesion within a text.
Bicycle Moto Cross. Many _- ~ .J€ople can't help practicing this sport.
4. Unscramble the words in red and replace them with a synonym. You can find them in on pages 42 and 43. Then, listen and check your answers. :::. .S _-----,-_......,-_ _ (meltapt)
to achieve an _ _,------:_ _ . Usually, it is to score a number of (proupse)
_. 3 against a rival team or, in cases like skating or racing , to arrive first at the finish line. __ : ~~ oe ople usually participate in regulated by international commissions. (slhniopsmacph)
:ol low rules that are specific for each sport like pre-established body weight (for example in _ - g) or a given type of (in skating and martial arts, for instance).
-·7 .
(clolhngi)
- . ~ - ysical structures for practicing a sport are specific, as well. For example, while cycle racing =~ place on a track and soccer on a field, tennis does so on a court. Although team and Individual : : - - have similar goals, they operate differently. _ _ _ _ _ _ are part of extreme sports while cooperation is the key to doing welt in team
-
rdksi)
: : ~ 3.
No matter what sport you enjoy practicing , they all _ _ _,--_ _ _ something good (enma)
~-
: simple: a healthier life. Skateboarders pe.rform tricks. A good skateboard and proper mean better chances to succeed.
Research the sports world to create the second two pages of your visual encyclopedia. Write about sports rules , extreme sports, championships, what athletes enjoy doing , etc.
LESSON 3
World Records 1. Read the paragraphs below. Then, match them to these topics. Cinema
@
Types of Records Sports
0
0
Origin of the Guinness Book
The First Book
0
0
2. Write questions for each paragraph and discuss the answers with your classmates.
How did the Guinness Book of World Records beqin? Create questions about each section to guide your reading.
o
It all started in 1951 when Sir Hugh Beaver, the owner of the Guinne. factory in Ireland, went to a party and attempted to solve an argument ... was the fastest game bird in Europe?" It wasn't possible to find the alL _ any reference book, so he thought that people would enjoy reading a bo ' answers about records.
--------------------------------------------------?
® Beaver's idea became real when Norris and Ross McWhirter started collecting a lot of im ':":' .-------
records. Finally, the first 198-page Guinness Book of Records was released on August 2- . Surprisingly, the book hit it big in Britain as number one bestseller at Christmas time. Man. editions were printed and sold massively, which led the book to its international recognition .
--------------------------------------------------?
CD Topics such as the human body, the natural world, science and technology are usually fou n . book, although human achievements have usually been preferred by readers. Records can be a-· _ or entertaining facts such as the person who made the largest pizza. In the last few years, some __ such as eating, smoking or beer drinking contests have been eliminated . So, people aren't enc _ to beat records that affect their own health.
--------------------------------------------------?
® The movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, created in the U.S. in 1968, had the most expensive . effects. Its director, Stanley Kubrick, spent more than 60% of the budget producing them. Ted A. Batchelor is a professional stuntman. He has performed difficult stunts since 1976. H. dangerous one was performed in Ohio, USA, on July 17, 2004. He set himself on fire for _ seconds.
--------------------------------------------------?
CD The most rotations off a skateboard ramp is two and a half. This trick was carried out by Ton n. 44
in the 1999 X games in San Francisco. It is considered the most difficult trick in skateboardiIi = On September 21, 2001, the highest BMX ramp jump was performed by Timo Pritzel an. Puentes. The record is 5. 12 m. It was performed in Spain.
Reading and Writing Read the paragraphs below and put them in the correct order.
o
concept repetitions or for chronological order to establish a
!"leer
ich
:r
In
\ith
ling 55. ore
lhe
o
The result of their work, the initial twenty-eight volumes, was finished by 1772. Seven more volumes , including two for the index, were added in 1780. This was the first 35volume edition of the encyclopedia. Encyclopedism is one of the manifestations of the French Enlightment, a philosophical movement of the 18th century concerned with the critical examination of all previously accepted conceptions. In sum, writing the encyclopedia was an opportunity for the rationalists to show the new trends of thought and to criticize all types of traditional institutions and ideologies. Thus, it became the focus of artistic and religious controversies, and, as a result, the encyclopedia played a very important role in the changes that occurred at that time.
That edition included contributions of Rousseau , Voltaire and other not so well-known writers. But their work continued all through the French Revolution that ended in 1799, and went on to be completed in 1832 with the appearance of volume 166, fifty years after the first one. In order to examine all those concepts, Diderot and D'Alambert, among others, called "the encyclopedists", decided to review them from the point of view of rationalism and started collecting all that knowledge into a set of volumes, the encyclopedia, which would be accessible to everybody so that rationalism could advance.
Work in pairs. Look at the information in each square and challenge your partner to ask a question for which such information is the answer. Then, change roles.
38
-
.....
38Nolume' _...:. s
45
Reading and Writing 5. Look at the phrases below. Classify them into the diagram to identify the similarities and differences between the Guinness Book and an encyclopedia.
Useful Expressions It has big pictures. The information is interesting.
It describes amazing facts. It presents maps and time lines. The texts are short.
It provides more information than a dictionary. There is a new edition every year.
n
a
6. Look at this encyclopedia entry and identify its parts. Use the Word Bank. Then, follow this scheme and own encyclopedia article on a topic of your interest.
"II ..' - -_
Use bold, italics and underlining to show emphasis and get your reader's attention.
_
An encyclopedia, one of the most read books, is a compendium • of information about different areas of knowledge. In 17... 1.::J 2,L. .th :,:. :.e::....--_... first volume of the French encyclopedia was written by Diderot. It has been considered one of the most important books in history. Encyclopedias are not like dictionaries since their articles go beyond definitions and explore topics of different fields in more detaH. They can be organized in alphabetical order or hierarchical categories. Articles generally don't have an introduction· or a conclusion . One of the most famous encyclopedias is the Encyclopaedi~ Britannica . Currently the most popular are Encarta and Wiki,pedia. which is an on-line encyclopedia. Each entry in an encyclopedia can be accompanied by ""H.;.;;. lu..o.. st"r-a~Jions and pictures, as well as by maps, time lines, bibliog raphic references and statistics.
..
-
• Go back to the pages you have created and edit your texts. • Use italics, bold and underlining in your texts.
characteris . examples elements
路 ~ ss
beer "Which Jswer in >ok with
eresting -. 1955. 1)1 more
. in the :mazing records :'uraged
L
Reading and Writing - ead the paragraphs below and put them in the correct order.
o
The result of their work, the initial twenty-eight volumes , was finished by 1772. Seven more volumes, including two for the index, were added in 1780. This was the first 35volume edition of the encyclopedia. Encyclopedism is one of the manifestations of the French Enlightment, a philosophical concept repetitions movement of the 18th century concerned with the critical examination of all previously or for chronological accepted conceptions. order to establish a In sum, writing the encyclopedia was an opportunity for the rationalists to show the new trends of thought and to criticize all types of traditional institutions and ideologies. Thus, it became the focus of artistic and religious controversies, and , as a result, the encyclopedia played a very important role in the changes that occurred at that time. hat edition included contributions of Rousseau, Voltaire and other not so well-known writers. But their .'Iork continued all through the French Revolution at ended in 1799, and went on to be completed in 1832 with the appearance of volume 166, fifty years after the first one. In order to examine all those concepts, Diderot and O'Alambert, among others, called "the encyclopedists", decided to review : em from the point of view of rationalism and started collecting all that knowledge into a set of volumes, the encyclopedia, which vould be accessible to everybody so that rationalism could advance.
CD
o
j
Work in pairs. Look at the information in each square and challenge your partner to ask a question for which such information is the answer. Then, change roles.
ESSO JS
Culture and Communication
built by jsten to the fo llowing introduction of a panel discussion. Number the moments of a panel discussion according to what you hear.
which , ilvented shown. rtainmenl ages. It is ages with mation or
- ~ -:- , :l
:: Jesti on-answer period to include the audience. _ -:. : ':;cre introduced. - - - : -= ='3 or introduces him/herself. - : :;-5 1St presents their views on the topic. - - : :: '3 rator might ask the panelists some questions. -= ~ ~e explained .
, takes 3
Listen to get the main ideas of the panel discussion. pment. uction.
.
be talking about _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _
~on.
- _ - that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
-.
When you listen to lectures. focus on signal expressions such as We'ff talk about. .. To begin with .. .. As 8 result.. , etc .. to get the main ideas.
the useful expressions for giving presentations.
r first point
your
: -; ::onsequences
-- - -- .... ~
_ ::" 0. ::::
Useful Expressions To begin with... As we know... As a consequence .. . I'd like to add that... The subject of today's presentation is...
- ; oups of 3, prepare a short panel discussion. Then, _-2Sent it to your class using the expressions studied =:. e.
-: ~ ,;;y an important role in a child's development. t 011
activity. _~_
goes to page 91 . B goes to page 94.
II â&#x20AC;˘
I am disciplined when practicing sports, I watch movies that teach me something. I beat my own records.
Always
Sometimes
Never
c:> c:> c:>
c::::> c::::> c:>
c::::> c:> c:::::> 47
Time for Fun Playing a Role Get into groups of three. 2 people will play and the other one will be a referee. Throw the die and go to the corresponding baseball. Play in turns. Answer the question corresponding .: referee will tell you whether you were right or wrong. If your answer is right, you gain the points indicate: land on a base, you'll get the points automatically. If you land on a ball with negative points, you lose t1': winner is the student who gets the most points.
,
Who starred the film The Fifth Elemenn (10 points) a. Tom Cruise b. Bruce Willis c. Arnold Schwarzenegger
2. Who starred Pirates of the Caribbean? (20 points) a. George Clooney b. Brad Pitt c. Johnny Depp
3. Who has won the most Oscar awards? (30 pOints) a. Tom Cruise b. Nicolas Cage c. Jack Nicholson
4. How many seconds took to score the fastest goal in a soccer World Cup? (40 points) a. 10 seconds b. 25 seconds c. 3 seconds
5. What's been the most
6. Who was named the best
7. Where is the movie Amelie from? (30 points) a. ltaly b. The USA. c. France
8. What movie script was written by Andrew Stanton? (40 points) a. Amelie b. Transformers c. Finding Nemo
9. What does BMX stand for? (10 points) a. The Guiness Book of Records b. Mota Cross c. Bicycle Mota Cross
10. What has been the most popular cartoon movie? (20 points) a. Toy Story b. The Lion King c. Shrek
11. What is the most important soccer tournament in the world? (30 points) a. The European League b. The World Cup c. The Copa Libertadores
12. Which country has won the most gold medals in the Olympics? (40 points) a. Russia b. The USA c. France
expensive object in a movie? (10 points) a. Batman 's car b. Superman's costume c. The robot in Terminator
13. Who is the best paid actor 14 Who wrote the French of all times? (10 points) encyclopedia? (20 points) a. Brad Pitt a. Napoleon Bonaparte b. Keanu Reeves b. Denis Diderot c. Bruce Willis c. The Wright Brothers
athlete of the 20th century? (20 points) a. nger Woods b. Pele c. Michael Jordan
15. What has been the most expensive movie of all times? (30 points) a. The Lord of the Rings b Spiderman c. The Matrix
16. What's the second most popular sport in the world? (40 points) a. Basketball b. Soccer c. Volleyball
Quiz Time - - sa a synonym for the word in color. - -:: Qvie The Lord of the Rings won several prizes . _ stumes 0 scripts :; :Iards 0 casts - -:: actor Jackie Chan prefers to carry out his own stunts. _ : 'cks 0 games f elds 0 rules _: - enjoys playing on the tennis field. game 0 team attempt 0 court . : ies and sports really amuse people. - attempt 0 try : carry out 0 entertain
The If you I The
: - ~ose the option that best completes the following paragraph. ':: - is a young skateboarder who Ilikes to (1) a lot of tricks. Every morning he puts
: - :: :001 (2) and goes to the park to train . He (3) to enter the national (4) , so he trains -~-= . He's nervous because he will (5) next week in front of some judges. - ;) tfit, tournament, perform, will attempt, carry out :ournament, perform, outfit, will attempt, carry out : arry out, outfit, will attempt, tournament, perform : erform, tournament, will carry out, outfit, attempt
D D
D D
W
3. Listen and complete the sentences with gerunds or linfinitives. Tony led his team an important basketball award because they love hard. Every day they attempted their techniques. Although he was sick, this wasn't a problem. He really wanted , so he decided at home and rest. He enjoys on the field. But he needed of himself. 4. Change these sentences from the active to the passive voice. a. Directors choose the cast for their movies. b. The Academy awarded the movie Titanic with 11 Oscars. c. Computer graphics have replaced robots in filmmaking.
f¡Evaluation â&#x20AC;˘
~R.1il
.'m;'Jw41.
C!a
C~IW_
':: -; about movies and sports. :: :lress processes. -!e paragraphs with complete information. : 3rticipate in a panel discussion. 49
~ ~ I~B l~t~ ~Bntur~ . .
This unit will guide you to talk about politics, economy and the environment. write argumentative texts. ~
20th Century Time
, (0)' Line Model T Ford
Breakthroughs ~
Year: lOOt.? I Founder: ~-,,1.1,--_ __ Why it was a breakthrough: fI 1/ .1\\
Plane
---c..
11
Ii
use intensifiers to describe events. talk about change.
. Listen to the conversation and fill in the gaps. Then, practice it with a
Sam: Hey, RJ.I found this encyclopedia about the most important events in the 20th century. It says, were a major breakthrough. They became so popular that small into big cities by adapting their architecture to automotive traffic." RJ ' Thafs so interesting. Anything about ? I love them. Sam: So do I. It says the appearance of aircraft was a turning point in the 20th century. But I don't that they were used as war weapons. RJ ' Neither do I. But they are such stunning machines that they have to be a milestone in inll" ""''' about the ? I think thafs the best. Sam: So do I. Look at this picture of a spaceship. Ifs so amazing that I feel I want to become an says that the space race was the biggest leap for humans, but I don't agree. RJ . Neither do I. I think that and Sam: So do I. They are so amazing that they will determine the future. RJ Yeah, but cloning can be a serious threat. The Internet is better. Sam: Sure. The Internet was such an outstanding invention that nis changing everything around
Use the definition to complete the word. Refer to the dialog Year: _ _ _ _ _ __
Significant delJ'eloIDmI!. moment of change indication of possible surprising
Inventor: _ _ _ _ __ Why it was a turning point:
abn.tpl tranSItion e~t
very fmpor18nt ev extte~ beautiful
pronunciation of words with spelling patterns. Sp. Pron.
Proponent: Why it is stunning :
50 *This audio makes part of exercise 4 on page 51.
au au u u ea ea
luI laul
13:1 11\1 IiI It!
Example
breakthrough outstanding turning point stunning leap threat
Listen to the 20th century time line and complete it. Write key words only. Start on page 50.
Use so and
Sl c
to express emphasis.
Use so and neither to express agreement.
So + adjective + that Cars became so populru tha small towns turned into big cities by adapting themselves to car traffic.
Affirmative I think that's the best. So do I.
Negative I don't agree. Neither do I.
Such (alan) + adjective + noun that Planes are sue stunning ."achi les t lal lhey have to be a milestone in inventions. The Internet was s ell ao utstanding invention tha it is changing everything around the world.
tner.
- : Nas a big leap for :: - ty:
Read and fill in the gaps with words from the Word Bank. Then, circle the right option. Einstein had so
ed ~
ternet
18
out IcnJ,r d
The first flight was such a I so
level of intelligence that scientists decided
flight that it frustrated many people.
to study his brain. Their research has
However, the Wright brothers insisted
found that there are so I such
and eventually they were such a I so
differences in his brain that perhaps he
that 9 years later the U.S.
thought through images rather than words.
government paid $30,000 for a plane.
Modern cars are so I such an
Cloning is such a I so
that they combine
topic that many people dislike the idea.
fuel and electricity to operate. Their price
Some think it is such a/so
is so I such an
that it should not be permitted. Others
that the
cheapest car costs more than $20,000.
believe it is such a I so
amazing successful versatile sensitive
that new applications should come soon.
: s a communication
Complete the following sentences. Then, look for someone who agrees with you and write down his/her name.
My opinions
Who agrees with you?
I think the Internet is such a stunning invention that I believe the car is so that it
- 9
o.....
I think space research is such alan that I don't agree that cloning is so I don't think the theory of relativity is so
auld be a threat: â&#x20AC;˘ Create two pages with information about important turning points in science and technology in the 20th century. â&#x20AC;˘ Include a time line for those events.
51
2
Political and Economic Changes Read the text and classify the events below into Ca (cause) and Co (consequence). U.S. Depression
Extreme ideas
Hunger
The 20th century was a turning point in history. The world suffered so many transformations that it entered a new era. In the first decades, there were so many - inventions that the economies of industrialized countries experienced an outstanding increase. However, the economic Depression1 that occurred in the U.S. in 1929 became a world threat. The effect was so devastating that it affected many European countries that had become dependent on American prosperity. In Europe and the States there were so few jobs and so much hungerl that extreme political ideasl in Europe became stronger day by day. There was so little hope and so much commotion that the threat of wars became a reality in the first decades of the century. After the two world wars, there was such a striking change in the world economy and politics that colonialism¡ in Africa (foreign control) started to disappear. All of this was the beginning of a new political and economic order in the world. Read again and mark the highlighted events from the text on the map. Then, complete the Grammar chart.
Use intensifiers with nouns to express emphasis and result. Count Nouns: So I + plural noun + that The world suffered so many transformations that it entered a new era. There were so few jobs that extreme political ideas became stronger. o .coon Nouns: So I + singular noun + that There was so little hope and so much commotion that the threat of wars became a reality in the first decades of the century.
Complete the economic events in A. Then, match them with the right consequences in B. Mark the colore-: events on the map using the small numbers.
ÂŽ
ÂŽ China manufactures _ _ _ _ _ products
o that it is hard to compete with industrialized
Poor people in Africa have _ _ _ _ _ opportunities
o
In South America there is
work offer
4. _ _ _ _ _ cell phones have been produced in the U.S. Some European countries have had _ _ _ _ _ progress 52
6. _ _ _ __
L -_
_ __ __
technology is created in South American countries
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
that their living conditions have improved!
C that businesses are easily and instantly creat C that most peopJe are poor.' l that it is transfonning the world's economy.! ,:) that they usually suffer hunger.1
~
_
_ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _
...
Gramm ,r and Vocabulary â&#x20AC;˘
'=
Complete the political events using the Reflect on Grammar chart. Then, listen to check.
~ 'lIon had
::~ - 8 t
economic and political differences that they started the Cold War.
they
"-:=: :he ~
- =~ l empires.
In communist countries there was poverty and opportunities to succeed that communism came to an end with the fall of the Berlin Wall.
o¡
There was freedom in totalitarian governments that ordinary citizens embraced democracy in their countries as soon as they could.
interest in international integration of people, companies and technologies that a new globalized world society has emerged.
Listen and choose the right word to complete each sentence .
-. â&#x20AC;˘
"-1
it.
Gandhi was a politician / philosopher in India. He believed in violent protests / peaceful resistance. He campaigned against civil disobedience / discrimination. He led India to its independence in 1940/
'Jiscuss in groups. Who were the most influential people in the 20th :entury for you? Why? Adolf Hitler
Princess Diana
Mother Theresa
1948.
Martin Luther King
: reate two pages with turning points in politics and economics in your ::0 ntry in the 20th Century. ",Iude information about the most important characters. Do not forget to _se pictures and colors.
Rigoberta Menchu is from Mexico / Guatemala. She fought for women's / indigenous people's rights. When she was a child she spoke / didn't speak Spanish. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990/
1992.
53
LESSON 3
Mega-Disaster
1. Read the ads and mark them T (true) or F (false) according to your beliefs. If the temperature rises more than 2° C, there will be irreversible damage.
0
80% of the world's forests are gone.
0
We are consuming the earth's resources 20% faster than they can be replaced .
0
The number of people who die from fatal illnesses in Latin America has risen from 1.6 to 6.7 million in the last two decades.
0
Unscramble the sentences to organize an introduction.
D
In other words , we live on a wonderful planet, but we have to take care of it because we are consuming our few natural resources too fast. About 400 billion gallons of water are used worldwide each day. Much of that gigantic consumption started in the 20th century because the great progress we achieved became the most serious threat to our environment.
world to the pa o-=Generally an introduc: : a. an interesting; =-_ b. an explanation 0' :-:c. a connection betwe.sand the topic to be ~ ; d. a thesis statec- 7 (general to specific : =-- -
To understand this number, try to visualize a pool containing water.
D
_I
D
It is true that the Earth is covered by lots of water but only 3% of that water is drinking water, and 70% of that 3% is frozen in glaciers. That pool would be about 3.5 km long (15 standard city blocks), 1 km wide and 0.5 km deep.
3. Use connectors to complete the body paragraph.
Contrast: in spite G; Consequence: 85 = -;: consequ e~
Word Bank Additionally In summary
As a result For instance
In spite of However
Illustration: for If ;'", to il/ustr&:=
Furthermore
all the benefits generated by the progress of the 20tt; Body paragraphs develop the thesis statement. They can include a. a link between the introduction and the body. b. connectors to develop arguments for the thesis statement.
produced so many disadvantages that it is reasonable to question the
useful~
Cars, planes and machines were invented. Small towns developed into big cities. People had better lives and obviously life € , the world's population increased about 400%. comfort has had a terrible impact on the environment. deforestation that an area twice the size of Paris is cut down every day. planet's temperature has risen 0.6 °C. This change is so critical that glaciers arc! planet is warming up.
, our progress has also become ou
Read this conclusion, underline the summary and circle the challenge to the previous page. - lhe 21 st century there are so many _ ~j \ iron mental problems that for lots of Ie progress has lost the importance -_ in th ~ last century. Besides global :ming, there are other problems _ - as endangered species, flood s _ _ .: limate changes. We all have _ something to help our planet. essential to til , 1 the balance â&#x20AC;˘ _- . een use and conservation of _: ~ral resources. What can you do ? - -': re are many options. You can -__ :- Ie, or join a group that ta~es care : the environment. No matter what -;Jt ion you take, just make sure you help planet.
A conclusion paragraph takes the reader back from the paper to his/her world. A conclusion normally a. summarizes the thesis statement. b. expands the topic and asks a question . c. challenges the reader to do something with the information given . (specific to general pattern)
Write a thesis statement about each of the topics below. Air pollution
Ozone depletion
Endangered species
Which one is an interesting fact? Air pollution The incredible level of contamination produced by vehicles has affected the air in the last few decades.
:.J
~ People are 10 times more exposed to air pollution inside vehicles than outside because of the other vehicles around .
Ozone depletion
D The chem icals that destroy the ozone layer remain active for about 50¡ 150 years after having been released .
D There is a big hole in the ozone layer that affects our health. Endangered species
D The total number of species that faces extinction worldwide is around 16,000. D There are so many species in danger of extinction that we may lose a natural treasure.
statement, present an opinion and support it with ideas and
1
I
Readin and Wntin Match the statements and write a possible connector. Every year 2.4 million people die because of air pollution. The ozone layer hole is as big as The United States, so it allows the sun's rays to enter the atmosphere. c A big number of common species have been reduced by 50% in the last two decades. _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ By 1974 some scientists had already reported a hole in the ozone layer. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
D D
D D
a large number of people have suffered : skin and eye diseases. people continued using chemicals and t' = . bigger. it is responsible for most of the respirato-. that send people to hospitals. whales, elephants and monkeys have de: half.
o Write a body paragraph for one of the issues in exercise 5. Firstly, Furthermore, However, For instance, In conclusion,
. Write a challenging statement for t ~-_~ . Air pollution
b. Ozone depletion
c Endangered species
LESSON 4
ulture Quiz
, rible grew
~s.
Culture and Commu ication
Listen to the paragraph and complete it with the missing information. --3
tension caused by the Cold War (a) shook things up in Germany. So it was finally
. There were
in East Germany that people moved to the West. Then, a barrier called the Berlin Wall was : _ : to avoid this situation. This (b) made matters worse because : :: J tunities. After a lot of protests, authorities allowed Germans to travel to the west. : :' _-~ 3
were so afl!lIY alll7e repressioflll7ey l7ad Il7al
Il7ewa/l.
:' . : , Germany became reunited and Germans had to (c) start from scratch to rebuild their . Fortunately, everything (d) changed for the better.
~
ch the meanings below to the colloquial expressions used in the text.
o o
To change something with good results o make or organize something from nothing
c. To increase problems To change things a lot
.:.,.. '.ver this general knowledge quiz. Then, add points and compare with a partner. Who is the winner? : :. - points: _ ________ shaak things up in the U.S. :.: : -omy in the 1930s. - he World War II - e Cold War - ne Great Depression
::- _0 points:
- -s ifferent ideologies in Russia and the USA affected their -7
='onships.
made matters worse.
- e conquest of space Colonialism emocracy
For 20 points: After _ ________, many African countries had to start from scratch. the end of colonialism the end of the Cold War the fall of communism
o
o o
d. For 40 points: The invention of _________ changed business far the better, the car cloning the Internet
o o o
:-oose one of the events mentioned throughout the unit and discuss it with a partner.
L.
I don't think the
I think the invention of the car.. . because .. .
: : Jvity.
ent A goes to page 92. to page 95.
I am open to changes. I use technology positively. I take care of the environment.
Always
Sometimes
Never
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::> 57
Share Your Project y r e pener'"e How did each member of the group contribute to making the encyclopedia? How did you find the information for your encyclopedia? What do you think the best features of your encyclopedia are? What were the most difficult aspects? How did you solve them?
f anyone can edit an article , howis the quality of the a-....._ .... ooking for a web site on the Intemet to search for information quickly and effectively? Go to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a free Well, there are some community members calle: content, multilingual encyclopedia written collaboratively by thousands make sure there's no vandalism, radical points of of users around the world. Its name is a blend of wiki, a website in the articles. Besides that, all articles are subject :: that can be edited quickly by web visitors, and encylopedia. It was in the United States and some intemal policies a _ launched in 2001 by the American Intemet entrepreneurs Jimmy community. For an article to be accepted, it mus :,:; Wales and Larry Sangler. This project has been so successful that worthy of being read, neutral, verifiable and it mus: -: there are approximately 9.25 million articles in 253 languages. Thus, ideas, or information that has not been publisheo __ _ Wikipedia is considered the largest and most popular reference site on the Intemet. What web sites do you use when you look for information on the Intemet? Do you use Wikipedia? What are its advantages and disadvantages? w
Set up a stand for your encyclopedia. If possible, print more than one copy of it. Decide who will present each of the sections (Movies, Sports, the 20th Century, the Environment). Choose a name for your encyclopedia. As you present it, exploit the visual elements in your encyclopedia. Do not read all the information. Present the most relevant aspects of your encyclopedia and give your audience some ~ -: read and explore your text. As a class, you may want to choose the best projects. Possible categories: Best presentation, Best pictures, Best forrr ,,' -
Useful Expressions 58
We're going to present. .. Our encyclopedia includes,..
Please go to ... If you look at (page number / section), you'll see .. .
oiled? ) who
Quiz Time .r-"
)
1 Listen to the following conversation and complete this report about Jane and Kim.
Complete using additionally, consequently, to illustrate, in spite of.
. =-e thinks that there were a lot of _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - 3cience. For example, antibiotics were an important _ _____ in medicine. She also thinks that vaccines __ _ _ _ _ _ . Kim believes that nuclear power was a ______ in science, but she thinks that if people .: ~ 'I use it correctly, it could be a _ _ _ _ __
Complete the sentences. Use so, such a/an. Petroleum has been _____ important that the world's economy depends on it. Nelson Mandela had
amazing courage
that he fought against the establishment for his people's rights. At the mid-century, Europe was _____ affected by the war that population decreased enormously.
Make sentences using so much, so little, so few or so many and the Word Bank.
Word Bank population / pollution economic stability / opportunities There is so much OOl/utlOr) that resources have decreased . There is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that the global temperature has risen . Russian Communism provided _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that it collapsed. Womenhad _ ______________ that they fought for their right to vote.
~
Answer the following questions about the text above.
o.
Why were Russia and The U.SA interested in space exploration? 1. to create satellites '} to improve their economy and military force 1 to travel to the moon
b. What does the space race refer to? 1 to the Russian technological supremacy 'J.. to the American project to go to the moon . to the rivalry between Russia and The USA to conquer the space
I ¡ valuation alk about politics, economy and the environment. â&#x20AC;˘ use intensifiers to describe events. '!rite arguments. talk about change. 59
Glossary -A路E achievement n. something you get after a lot of work. allow v. to permit (syn. to let, to consent). ancestor n. a member of your family from whom you are a descendant. attempt v. to try to do something. The players attempted to make a goal. award n. a prize you receive for an achievement. beer n. a fermented alcoholic drink. block n. the distance between two streets in a city.
I
i
60
breakthrough n. significant development. bullet n. a metal object shot from a gun. carry out phrasal v. to implement, to perform . cast n. the group of actors and actresses in a movie. Narnia included children in its cast. character n. an actor's representation of someone. Nicolas Cage's characters are usually interesting. colonialism n. control of a strong country over a weaker one to benefit from its resources. commotion n. a lot of confusion and movement. The accident caused great commotion. consumption n. use of resources to satisfy needs and desires.
costume n. clothing worn by actors or people in special celebrations.
court n. an area of land where some sports are practiced. depletion n. reduction of resources. The depletion of forests is called deforestation. discrimination n the act of treating people unfairly because they belong to a different ethnic group, or for other reasons. empire n. territories or people under some authority. encourage v. give somebody courage to do something. (syn. support - ant discourage). entertainment n. fun or recreation. Children need clean entertainment. environment n. the natural context where people and animals live.
heading n. a title for a pc '= ~ article in a magazine. hole n. an opening in a , =: hunger n. a strong feel i ; -need to eat. increase v. to make sor,:-bigger or greater. (syn. E ~ .: - ant. decrease). irreversible adj. imposs : ~ to a former state or con] . _ Contamination has caUF ~ damage to rivers.
- K-O layer n. a thin surface or cells. Walls usually have mo - . layer of paint. leap n. jump high or foquickly.
make-up n. substancc s: _ powder, cream and Ik:-and actors put on the ' '-'cosmetics).
- F.J follow v. to go after, (syn . proceed - ant stop). The kids followed their parents to the park.
Glossary manufacture v. to produce goods from raw material by using machines. China manufactures lots of products. melt v. to dissolve or unfreeze. ice melts when in contact with heat. milestone n. a significant event. movie studio n an indoors structure where movies are filmed .
,~ctlv iti es on
scale model n. small representation of a real object.
skateboard n. a long, flat piece of wood with wheels used for a sport.
n ~t
script n a text that is written for a movie, speech , etc. shoot v. to film something. skin n. the surface or layer that covers the body. Babies' skin is very soft. spaceship n a vehicle for space trips.
;e
'e
..
(.~
outstanding adj. superior or excellent in quality. (syn . remarkable - ant mediocre). owner n. possessor of something. The owner of the house is selling it.
page 97
take n. the shot of a scene for a film or television program . Difficult scenes usually require several takes. threat n. a statement to hurt someone or cause him/her pain , unhappiness or trouble. time line n. visual representation of the chronological development of a series of events. Encyclopedias use time lines to present information. tournament n. a sports competition . trick n. a skillful set of actions. turning point n. a time when an important change takes place. The invention of the Internet was a turning point in technology.
â&#x20AC;˘ U-Z vehicle n. a machine such as a car, bus or plane that is used for transportation . vote n. the way that citizens express their political preferences in democratic countries. wall n. a structure built to separate places.
P¡T
en
perform v. to carry out an action. Doctors perform operations. plot n. the main story of a novel or a movie. reach v. to obtain with effort. (syn . achieve, accomplish -ant. abandon , fail) . recently adv. currently, lately. Technology has recently had an effect on education. reject v. say no to something. (syn. discard - ant. accept). release v. to free from captivity. Pet birds should be released to live in the open. rise v. to move up. The sun rises every day. rival n. one of the opponents that fights to obtain something . saga n. a series of stories about I-,oroes .
stand for v. to mean, denote or signify. step n. one of a sequence of actions to reach a goal. The first step to write a novel is to define the plot. striking adj. so impressive and unusual that it attracts attention , causing surprise or having an impact (syn. extraordinary nt. simple). stunning adj. something that has extraordinary beauty. (syn spectacular -ant. ordinary). stunt n. a difficult act to gain attention. Famous actors do not perform dangerous stunts in their movies. supremacy n. highest authority. ( yn dominance, control-ant. inferiori!,'l subordination).
weapon n. an object used in a fight. Colloquial Expressions
a change for the better: to change something with good results start from scratch: to make or organize something from nothing shake up: to change things make things worse: to go from a bad situation to a worse one well-known: recognized, famous to begin with: expression used to introduce a topic moving on to: expression used to change a topic 61
Test Training Reading Look at the following texts and see how you would say the same idea using different words.
look at the announcements in each item. What do they say? Mark the correct letter, A, B, or C for the option which is nearest in meaning.
There were so few people that the movie premiere is going to be held next week.
a. Cyclists can perform stunts only in the morning and afternoon. b. Cyclists can not perform any stunts. c. Cyclists aren't allowed in that area.
HI
NI "O~'
bo ( pvJ
f(llOCHS
CC(VI
a. A few people attended the movie premie .:. b. There was nobody at the movie premiere
c. The movie premiere has been postponed
I
~;)\.\Y'
(:>st"",,€..-;
50(( ,,\ '1 °'"
oJ eru~~
c.\~oSI:.V1 SICC 1""'(~\\ ... ( ~ '- .(<-"~,,( .\ ,,,\ .
--===-_, 'y\()..'(\¥-.~
,
a. Nina and Jamie are both going to be in a movie.
a. Jack never throws garbage on the stre-=: b. Jack doesn 't care about the environ me ~' c. Jack needs to demonstrate his con ce """ . ~ environment.
b. Jamie doesn't have clothes for the movie. c. Nina is going to act in a rehearsal .
Writing Here are some sentences about the situation during The Berlin Wall era. For each statement, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than 3 words.
1. When the authorities built The Berlin Wall , life in Germany didn't change for the better. When The Berlin Wall
was J,uj'~
life in Germany didn't change for the better.
2. Factories in East Germany were closed as a result of serious economic difficulties. There were
problems in East Germany that factories began to close.
3. Employers fired so many people that families became really poor. So many people _ __ _ _ _ _ _ that families experienced critical poverty.
4. There was little freedom and lots of oppression in East Germany, so people tried to escape to West Germar . People in East Germany had
and
that they opted for escaping to We s~
5. There was a lot of happiness when people destroyed The Berlin Wall in 1989. 62
People felt very happy when The Berlin Wall
in 1989.
"-~
Test Training ~
-m'malef·em!§,.
Listening
You will hear some people discuss inventions in the 20th century. Listen and fill in the gaps.
Try to predict the information that goes in each blank according to what you know about the topic. Then listen and confirm your guesses.
Stunning Inventions in the 20th Century Peter Dawson ~e thinks that an (1)
was the radio, attributed to Guglielmo Marconi. In (2) _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . e first message was sent. Another important (3) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ was the (4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which was - ented by Edwin Howard. arie Gardner : _- her, penicillin was a great (5)
-
in medicine. It was patented by Alexander Flemming
~)
. It is an antibiotic that does not allow dangerous bacteria to grow. Thus, it has a •_________ on people who have infections .
• oel Hogan - ~ ~ ose color TV as a (8) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in (9) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . It was created by Peter Goldmark in
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . The basic colors in the system were green, blue and red .
eaking :-"cri be for your partner what you see in the pictures. --~" discuss why these events or situations were g points in the 20th century.
Talk about everything you see in the photographs. The more you can describe, the better. If you don't know how to say a specific word, try to communicate the same idea using different words.
• What event or situation does the picture represent? • What can you see in the picture? What ideals lie behind this achievement? • What social and/or political implications does it have? • Is the future going to be better with this achievement?
63
( eens au Tupie ... • Morning show • Teen issues: relationsh ips, dating, friendship , fitting into groups, peer pressure , talents • Failure , success and values • Inspiring people: Helen Keller, Tony Melendez • Famous poets
SI{ill . and Stl'ategie!'l • Reading: Identifying the parts of a text to improve comprehension . Reading authentic texts to challenge skills. Understanding figurative language to infer the author's intenti ons. • Writing: Questioning oneself and evaluating a situation to give advice. Correcting punctuation. Using figurative language to write a poem. • Speaking: Asking additional questions to keep the conversation going. Providing extra information to expand conversations. Starting and ending a conversation . • listening: Using key words , symbols and short phrases to take effective notes. Using previous knowledge to understand better. • Vocabulary' Finding patterns to form fam ilies of words. Using graphic organizers . Associating words to pictures.
n I'
nllOlI' ( nfl \'fH"
I
Tag Questions • Review of Modal Verbs • Modal Verbs + the Present Pc- • Second Conditional Wish • Words to express feel ings • Words related to teenage iss _= fitting into, peer pressure, e::. • Words related to values and succe~ _ • Colloquial Expressions All that glitters is not gold. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Don't judge a book by its cover. A man is known by the company he keeps. Birds of a feather flock together. Throw in the towel Go to great lengths to get the nut The time of one's life Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
E
:ense
12 ing,
' 1l1oJ'~
You)' Knowlpdg'
hat situations does a teenager go through? â&#x20AC;˘ Have you ever experienced any of these situations? How have you felt? hat do you think makes a happy life? â&#x20AC;˘ hat are your most important values?
Our Teenage Morning Show hroughout units 5 and 6 you will create a morning show to talk about topics 'hat deal with teenage experiences and values. Use: Video camera, the Internet, a Word Processor, costumes, make up. Discuss: What's the importance of television? How can it influence people? What elements does a Morning Show have?
5 - ng "Lessons in Love" Page 104
This unit will guide you to talk about dating and overweight. express regrets. ask for and give advice. use sayings to talk about friendship.
Listen to the Introduction of the famous Morning Show Luigis and Nelly and complete it. Use the Word Bank. Hi, Luigis. Hello, people! In our str~
Welcome! Today on Luigis and Nelly we 'll talk about teen issues. In our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ chat section we will have Zac Efrom talking about
you'll get to know a few more aspe::.. related to _ _ _ _ _ _ __
To know what fitting into groups is, visit www.healthsection.com and listen to the _ _ _ _ _ _ __ section for some ideas.
Home
Show
Hosts
I Videos IFun Stuff I
Let's talk about teen concerns. Below are some of the issues that indicate teenagers are having problems fitting into groups. When they feel disappointed with comments, they become rude to others. They are not good at meeting new people. They also feel upset about their relationships with people of the opposite sex. In addition, youngsters are often quiet because they feel ashamed of saying something silly. Although not all teenagers face these problems, there really is a lot of peer pressure, so they are extremely dependent on their partners' opinions. How good at fitting into groups are you? Take the quiz. If most of your answers are affirmative, you may need to talk to your parents or get involved in some activity that helps you gain self-confidence. Are you often rude to people? Do you usually feel disappointed with the way your friends treat you? Do you feel scared of people of the opposite sex? Are you ashamed of your opinions?
Yes
Do you rely on your friends too much for your decisions?
S 1-1 <> " " 1-1. C3 1-1 L . C3 I-I"T"S
66
WHAT'S
NEW
~
~.
~ ~
STREET
SECTIOI
r an Vae bul ry
Gram Read the website again. Then, write the correct preposition.
..
,0
nice / happy / rude / friendly pleased / disappointed / satisfied / bored surprised / amazed / good / bad
excited / worried / sorry / upset
===~
scared / frightened / proud / ashamed
_
dependent / reliant / insistent
;=:1
L-I
----J
Complete the news report with the correct preposition. Then, listen to check your answers and complete the counselor's advice. Mike knew that friendship offered the opportunity to develop social skills, but he had become disappointed the idea of being part of a group. Although he was excited _ _ _ _ _ getting companionship, he also felt scared being rejected. Besides that, some peers were not nice him. He decided to talk to the student counselor who gave him some tips to overcome the problem. Here are the tips she gave Mike.
The news on our Morning Show is a story about Mike, from New York.
Co.unselar:s Advice
-
-
......... 0
"
'''_ ~ l. Z '"-!
Be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you. Put on a big smile Believe it or not, most teens are more than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ friend. Everybody something. Learn to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ your talents. Develop them and show them. Don't your own ideas. Know your own mind. If you have something interesting to say. people around you will not you . Don't bullying or peer pressure , neither join cliques. What matters is being and finding a valuable friend.
Use key words, short phrases and symbols to take notes while listening.
~~~~~~~~~-=~ Listen and complete the chart.
"
:: r our Street Interview section, we talked three teenagers about their problems. After commercials, we will be back on our chat.
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Thomas Problem: peer p
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Problem: _ _ _ _ _ _
-------------1------------Definition: Definition: makes J
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Solution: ~ 10
ccided to chono~ hiends
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Gina Problem: _ _ _ __ _ Definition: ______
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Solution: _ __ _ __
Have you ever had any of the previous experiences? If so, what did you do? If not, what would you do?
I once had problems with .. . I remember I was ... I've never had this type of problems, but I would ...
â&#x20AC;˘ Get into groups of 4. Choose the role you want to play. 1. interviewer / news presenter 3 another host 2. one host celebrity Choose some teen topics you want to develop and the sections for the show.
67
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f
(Q)
Dating
~
listen and number the pictures.
feel heartbroken
:I
o
o
I
I
have a crush on
date
o
flirt with
break up with
o
o
Change the expressions in color for the expressions above. Make changes as necessary.
I
This is the story of Vanessa Hudgens. Ever since she was a little kid she was pretty. So, many of her friends triee to her. She did not want to , so she decided not :: cry and suffer
show special Interest in
_ _ _ _ __ any of them. But while she was filming High School Musical in 2006, she met gooul with
Zac Efrom and they both immediately _----:-..,...----,..,...-----,.,--_ _ -;-_ _ each other. However, they feit something really strong towards
decided to - - - - - - c - - - - . She hopes Zac will never _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ her. first get to know each other
end his relationship with
Tag Questions Tag questions are used to confirm information. In the past, girls didn't flirt with boys so much. d' Our teachers ere happy, eren' they? We "II always be proud of our friends,
You ha\'e lots of friends, don t you? Some teenagers ha e feH heartbroken, a'len't they? It' not easy to have a crush on someone, i it?
W "
Complete this host chat. Refer to the Reflect on Grammar chart. Then, listen to check y _
Luig
Good morning, Zac.
Za'
Morning, Luigis. Glad to be on your show.
Luigi . So, we want to talk about dating. You have some experience, _ _ _ _-'-_ _ _ _ _? lac'
I do. It's something all teenagers have gone through,
Lu
It sure is. So Zac, how has your experience dating Vanessa been?
Zac
It's not easy to have a crush on a co-worker, but it helped that we started out just as friends. It's not bad to be in love,
L
II
?
?
Not at all . I' remember. Ha, ha, ha. But, please tell us, you guys didn't have problems with your parents,
?
Well, not really. But they said we should be careful about our time together.
I 68
. Listen and complete the sentences. Then, role-play these conversations. a. L: Welcome back to this host chat on our Morning Show. Today we are with Zacharias Efrom and his friends. So, Zac, you afraid of dating someone, _ _ _ _ _ __ Z: Not really. I've always been nice to girls and they 'love that. You friendly, L' Yeah, but my wife says I shouldn't.
?
b. L: Ashley, _ _ __ ___ a crush on Zac,
?
A' I didn't. I boys and Zac has always been pleased with Vanessa, ? L: Yes, he has. Vanessa and Zac should have talked to the media . c. l: Corbin , you _ __ ____ in Brooklyn, New York, _ _ _ _ _ _?
c: Yes, Luigis. I'm a New Yorker, just like you. But you're more popular. I hear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Guinness Record for the most time spent in front of a TV camera, _ _ _ __ __? ... I do. I do. Ha, ha , ha. But one day _ _ __ _ _ _ _ famous, _ _ _ _ __ Maybe. Ha, ha , ha.
Should is used to express advice. We should be careful about our time together.
Should + resent perfect is used to express adVice about the past. Vanessa and Zac should have talked to the media.
May / Could are used to express possibility.
Must / Could + Present Perfect are used to express possible explanations about a past situation. It must have been difficult to have a crush on a co-worker.
We may leam a lot if we listen to our parents.
.~ 5 Listen to the last part of the host chat and write A (advice) or P (possibility) according to what they ((3) . say about each topic. Then, listen again and copy the idea they give. ~ ~arto~asfue~s _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _~ I •
~ break up with your boy/girlfriend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __
~ be pleased with bullying --'~-'e:.. s:=h--"-'-' nu{d'-'r____'_''_'__'_''~'_--=~~'----'''-In groups, come up with possible explanations or give advice for each situation. Use should / could / must have.
should have asked her ...
a. Josh and Amber were dating. One day Amber called her best friend. She said she had broken up with Josh. Her friend said she agreed because Josh was not a nice guy. What must have happened? What should her friend have done?
b. Otto and Andrew spent some time with some girls. The girls then said they would never again go out with these guys. Otto and Andrew said the girls were boring. What must have happened? What could Otto and Andrew have done? What should they have done?
The Morning Show • Choose the celebrity you will interview in the Host Chat section. • Outline the main ideas of the interview. • Write the draft for the interview and rehearse it.
69
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Need Your Help Add as many words as you can. Then, compare with a partner.
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Read the letters in the advice section of the Luigis and Nelly website. Check if your vocabulary is TeensHoalth
Health Advice Teen Letters Dear Andrea, I am Rick. My problem is the following: I'm 16 and I'm a few pounds overweight. Most dating someone. However, I haven't been able to go out with a girl. Girls may think I :!insecure. I'm seriously considering liposuction but I'd love to hear your opinion. Wha. _ .
Dear Rick, You may not have a weight problem but a self-esteem one. Before losing weight, yO\. - ~. value yourself for what you are. Actually, a couple of extra pounds is not a big proble- : healthy food and exercise. You might lose weight through lipo, but you may gain i ::;: have good eating habits. Besides that, liposuction can be dangerous. Wish you luck! Andrea
Hello Andrea, My name is Valerie. I have this problem. People say I'm too thin but I don't thi â&#x20AC;˘. : : says I should eat more. I'm afraid I could get sick or something if I don't eat well. E_. I might get fat. What should I do? Dear Valerie, Excessive fear of being overweight may lead to another serious problem called ,, -: medical ways to determine the right weight for somebody depending on their 2;': ; should see a doctor to determine whether or not you are too thin . Generally, pee: : anorexia do not accept they're having a problem. If you don't learn to feel satisliec might get into a dangerous health situation. Hope that helps. Andrea
70
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-
.
Read the letters again and write T (true\ Of F (fals~\. Andrea thinks that lipo is a good idea. Rick would like to go out with a girl. Valerie feels well about her weight.
0 0 0
Andrea also thinks Valerie is too thin. Anorexia means to be overweight.
o
o
Read the letters again and cross out (X ) the sections that do not belong to an informal advice letter. Then, number the other sections. Asking for advice letter
Giving advice letter
c:=J Stating the problem e J Date CJ Introducing yourself
[:=J Presenting your answer
c::J Possible reasons or outcomes CJ Asking for advice
c:::J Signature
CJ Wishing good luck c=J Possible consequences
IT] Greeting C ] Address Job title
CJ Offering some advice ~ Date
Identify the parts ot a text to improve your comprehension.
[:=J Greeting
c:=J Receiver's title
CJ
. Complete the chart with expressions from the letters. 1. Greeting
Dear My name is
2. Introducing yourself 3. Stating the problem
, have thrs problem
4. Asking for advice ere's some language _u may use to write an -:ormalletter of advice.
5. Offering advice 6. Wishing good luck
Read the following sections of letters and label them with words from the previous box.
I've been recovering from anorexia for the last 6 months. Now I'm eating well. But I feel that people always look at me and think I'm fat. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
What you should do is understand that being overweight is a subjective thing. Read some ideas on the net.
I am a 14-year-old high school boy, and the famous jazz song That is Why You are Overweight is clearly the story of my life. _ _ _ _ __
R a in and Writing , Correct the punctuation in the letter.
Hi Terra, My names Jerry. I have been going out with my girlfriend for two and a half years. ~e problem is that she is anorexic. She has been to doctors hospitals psychologists etc. But nothing has changed. I don't know how to help her Her parents don't understand her either they haven't talked to her. I think she might hurt herself. What should I do?
=T
Use a period at tr ~ ~ sentence. Begin t ~ with a capita1 ~ Use an exclamat : show strong :~ Use commas afte- : or items in a ~7 Separate indepe :=with periods or S ~-
8. Read the letter again and answer the following questions. What is the real problem?
D Question yourself and evaluate a situation to determine what advice you should offer.
The girl doesn't eat well.
D
What events may have produced the situation?
D
She may be calling her parents' attention .
D
She might end up in a hospital.
0
What would you do?
The Morning Show Prepare an advice section. Think of a teen problem. Write a letter asking for advice and one letter giving advice.
She could have had a trauma .
What will this situation probably result in?
D
To write a good advice letter: be respectful and understanding, avoid criticism, avoid strong language that might discourage your reader and emphasize the reader's strengths rather than the value of your advice.
Doctors haven't been able to help her.
9 Write an advice letter to Jerry. Dear Jerry,
She could lose her boyfriend.
D She - : be â&#x20AC;˘.::-
ers
,---....
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â&#x20AC;˘ 1 Listen to the following poems and complete them with the words you hear.
is a A friend in
~
-:: -cto lind ;.
. who seem to have It all
some : :~ ~. popularity, but at the . . _:; ' ... thal y\\tters : '" _ :: J my s'lde, so I lelt alone. ~et
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ally give you suppo It's the one who can re what's within.
-roe friend -
Indeed.2
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someone . ' ore than these clothes. I'm more than this hair, m . "Don't judge a book by Its As people say, "3
1
A true lriend knowS there's
m~U.,.Ch~~~~IIIII!!!!!!!!~~~!III!I~~'
Birds of a Feather
=_-jerstood how important = : .. j take more time to choose our friends is known by the he keeps."4
So, I want a friend that makes Someone who shares what I like, what I feel "5
Because only "Birds of a feather flock
latch the pictures with the proverbs above. Discuss the meaning with a partner.
u
D
D ~omplete
I~
the following conversation using the proverbs presented.
aut Mom, why can't I go? 3ecause I don't like that friend of yours. You know, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I don't want people to think that you are a bad guy. Come on Mom, . Just because he has long hair, you can't say he's a bad guy. Besides, you know that I only hang out with nice and studious people like myself. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ But be careful. Do you really know this friend? Remember that _ _ Maybe you think he's nice, but he's not. I know he's a true friend, Mom.
Gap activity. en A goes to page 92. ent B goes to page 94.
I respect my partners and care about them. I value relationships. I take good care of my body.
Always
Sometimes
Never
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::>
c::> c::> c::> 73
Time for RUh1 Play in groups of three. Choose a balloon. Toss a coin. If the coin lands on heads, follow the instruction for Truth . If the coin lands on tails, follow : ~~ instruction for Dare . Everybody has to do all the balloons.
Truth: Talk about your first crush on somebody. Dare: Say the alphabet backwards.
Truth Talk about a time when you broke up with someone.
Truth. Tell your partners what you think about flirting . Dare路 Sing a song you like.
Dare: Mime the name of a famous movie until your partners guess the title.
Trutr Talk about things you have done as a result of
Truth Tell your partners what you feel afraid of. Dare: Repeat this tongue twister: She sells seashells by the seashore.
Trtlth Tell your partners when you judged a book by its cover. Dare : Mime this sentence: Birds of a feather flock together.
Q
Truth. Tell your partners about a time you felt heartbroken. Dare: Dance to your favorite rhyth m.
some : : been a bully ~ ~ Dare
TiL,th' Tell your partners if you are satisfied with your weight. Dare路 Mime this sentence: Two monkeys are rid a motorcycle realJy
Truth: Tell your partners about a real friend. Dare路 Sing a song to friendship.
-~
Quiz Time Circle the right option. Jennie is good at / in sports. She enjoys playing basketball and soccer. Teenagers sometimes feel ashamed / amazed of speaking in public. Bullies are rude to / with their partners. They should leave them alone. My parents were very proud of / in me when I won the math contest. Once I had a crush of/on my swimming teacher. I wrote him a love letter!
Complete the following conversation using tag questions. Josh: Hey, Max. Tell me it's not true. You didn't break up with Rose, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ? Max: Yeah, it is true. Love is complicated, _ _ _ __
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - ? Josh: But why? You haven't cheated on her, _ _ __
----------------?
Read the following situations and write a possible explanation. a Tania: I don't want to see you ever again! Please! Forgive me. Give me a second chance. He must have flirted with onother girl Tama must hove seen him. Luke: Mom! I don't want to go back to school again. Mom: What happened? Where is your bag?
c Isabel: Wow! Look at you! You seem so happy. Who gave you those flowers? Amy: Aahh! Yesterday was the happiest day of my life.
. RH: What's going on with Carl? He looks so depressed. Paul: Well, I'm not sure, but I saw him talking angrily to his girlfriend the other day.
Ma . Of course not. You know I don't flirt with girls, _ _
- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - ? She broke up with me because she's going to move to a new city.
Josh: Oh I see. Your relationship wouldn't survive the distance, _____________ ? a : But If love is really strong, it never dies, _ _ __
Jay: Have you seen Darla? She looks so nice now! She seems happy and healthy. Tom: Yeah! I know. She was really thin . I remember she was in the hospital some time ago.
- - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - ? sh: Come on man! Relax! You will surely date another girl soon, ____ _ _ _ _ __ ___ ?
If-
lu tion
• ~f·r.!l12·11~ • talk about dating and being overweight.
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~
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• use modals and present perfect to express regrets. • write letters asking for and giving advice. • use sayings to talk about friendship. 75
l~e al eof life This unit will guide you to talk about success and the joy of life. â&#x20AC;˘ express wishes.
talk about hypothetical situations concerning the use idioms to talk about success and beauty.
Nothing like Success Read the clues, then look up the words in your dictionary to complete the puzzle.
1. 1
1
1
1
2. 1
1
1
I
I
I
3¡1
]
I
1
I
Across: to exert much effort or energy, to struggle or co 2. to come face to face with a difficulty, to face a comparison or examination 3. to accuse others of something Down: 4 to secure control, obtain victory or surpass limitations. 5. to assume falsely an identity, to simulate, to tao~ on a false aspect that closely resembles reali .' attempt to fool others
Answer the survey. Then, ask two partners.
When you face difficult situations, do you ... ? Really? What do you do? I mean,
Well , I usually confront the issues.
/
~ Be direct Be friendly but clear Be polite and diplomatic Tell good things first Wait unW things get back to normal Talk to friends and advisors Set goals and deadlines
a. confront the issue b. pretend nothing is wrong c. blame it on others d. overcome difficulties e. strive to reach your goal
nd
These two people never really wished they were
Have you ever thought, "I wish I had better
different. Helen Keller, who was blind and deaf, and
opportunities?" If you have, you can learn from
Tony Melendez, who was born without his arms, are
Thomas Alva Edison. Edison teaches us that you have to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
excellent examples of _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Keller graduated from college and became an author. She
He always recognized the importance of hard
decided to
work and determination. He was poor and had hearing problems. But he never _ _ _ __
so she criticized war and supported workers' rights and women's suffrage . In the case of Tony, he simply could not
He just tried harder. Before inventing the light bulb, he tried about 6,000 different experiments.
He decided to learn to play the guitar with his feet
He could have stopped trying so we wouldn't have
and became a compose r and singer. Now he travels
light. He knew that success is just a question of
the U.S. talking about the value of life.
daily discipline.
Wish is used to express that you want a different reality. The Simple Past tense is used with wish to express present desire.
Would is used to express desire for the future.
They wish they were dffferent. (now) I wish I had better opportunities. (now)
They wish we would find hope. Note: the past tense of can is COUld.
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4. Complete the paragraph. Then, listen to confirm your answers.
Success is a very difficult word to define. Some people wish they _____ (be) rich or famous . Others wish they _____ (live) somewhere else. And many others simply wish they (be) happy. Lots of people wish someone else _____ (change) their lives but they do little for themselves . There are some things that can help anybody achieve success. The most important thing is the actions we take . We should never wish we _ ____ (neg. have) to confront issues, even if we have to strive a lot. Actions result from planning. Effective planning implies setting goals. If you can't do something, don't just wish you (can) . Don't pretend everything is OK either. Write down your goals and do something to overcome your weaknesses. And do not forget to identify your beliefs because they always produce your actions.
M
5. Listen to the recording and make sentences by matching A with B.
A 1. Success for the Western world 2. Success for the Eastern world 3. Lao-Tzu and Buddha's message 4. Success for the Hexagram Key book 5. A possible concept for success
B a. invites to overcome our wishes. b. comes from conscious devotion to duty. c. implies getting instead of achieving. d. focuses on material goods. e. pays attention to personal growth .
Find out about people who have overcome serious difficulties. Create a news section in the Morning Show to share their stories . â&#x20AC;˘ Possible people include the following: Winston Churchill (he overcame stuttering), Ludwig van Beethoven (he strove against deafness) Other people who are alive now (Stephen Hawking, Nick Vujicic, Robert Mendez).
about what we need to do to reach
LESSON 2
Enjoying Life ~
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1. Listen to this conversation between Borges and Emerson and complete it. Then, write T (true) or F (false) for the statements below.
So, Emerson, what do you think of our present
Well, Borges, I just can't believe how busy people
society?
get today.
Yeah, I mean, it's like they can't find effective
Sure. They have misunderstood the meaning of
ways to
success. They should
. They need to
Freedom from stress And they have to learn to cherish every moment because we must
a. b. c.
C
I also wrote a poem about success. People need
and . I think
but they should also
there's a poem about that. .. I can't remember if I
busy lives. Doing too many activities is not healthy.
wrote it or not. .. you know, I'm getting old .
Hey, why don't we read some of our poems?
Great idea. I love that.
So, let's begin.
Borges would love to have the opportunity to change his life.
D Emerson thinks success is related to material possessions.
D Borges believes people are really stressed out today.
W
d. e.
f.
D
Emerson disagrees with having sc - -
D Borges thinks the moment is impc-;.
D Emerson considers people to be ':- ~
2. Listen to these poems and complete them. @lftccedd
If I to live my life again, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to make more mistakes ... I would not try to be so perfect, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ more ... I'd swim more rivers ... I more ice cream .. . If I could go back, I would try to have more good moments. If 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ to live again, I'd contemplate more sunsets ... But, you see, I am 85, and I know that I am dying.
To laugh often and much; to win _ __ _ _ _ _ of intelligent people and the affection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~; to obtain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of honest critics ... :: appreciate beauty; to _ __ _ _ __ __ in others; to leave the world a little better, to one life has breathed easier because you _ __ ~ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ . This is to _ _ _ _ ÂŁ/l~lf/' V){1../,'/n C:"..-...JOJL (;.
W (0)
3. Listen to this conversation. Correct the mistakes in it by writing the right expressions.
Today we're 'looking at1 how teens see life. Do you think they are happy, Luigis? lUlgis Yes. They know how to last2 aside worries. They always make3 it easy. Nelly: Yes, I know, some don 't live for the monet. Luigi I just think they're better than adults at reliving5 stress. Nelly: Maybe ifs because they are not so worried about stress6 . In high school, for example, I wanted to cheer7 the moment because I was younger. Luigis What's interesting is that teens need to learn to planeS more and adults need to learn to enjoy Iike9 more. Nelly: I agree, Luigis. We have to learn a lot from each other.
Nelly'
78
'-
1. talking about
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
--
-
Grammar and Vocabulary 4. Go back to 2 and read the poem Moments to complete the spaces in the chart.
â&#x20AC;˘ CondTtionals are used to express hypothetical situations. If I were ahle to live my life again, I would try to make more mistakes. If I go back, I would not try to be so perfect. If I didn't have to work so hard, I'd spend time relaxing. If I had the opportunity to live again, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ contemplate more sunsets. What would you do if ,.'IJ had more free time? ~
, (0).
Use the Simple Past tense in the verb next to the if phrase and in the other phrase. For negative sentences, use + not or did + not (didn 't) . You can use the contraction of would ('d) . In interrogative sentences, use would before the subject.
5. Complete these questions Luigis and Nelly ask each other. Use the verbs in parentheses. Then, listen to their conversation and check your answers.
Nelly, what _ _ _ __
How about you, what
_ _ _ _ _ more free time? ( do I have)
(do)
And if _ _ __ _ _ stress, if you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ (go I go)
to come to work every day? (do I neg. have)
5. How about a trip to the sea? Ooin)
~
6. Listen to the conversation again and check the answers by selecting the appropriate picture.
a. If I could , I would ...
. b. I don't know. I'd probably...
..
Write a conversation for the host and hostess on the Morning Show. In the conversation, discuss what you think about teens and their idea of enjoying life. 79
LESSON 3
Oh Me, Oh Life! Answer the following questions. Then, discuss your answers with a partner. a. What do you think of success? What would make you a successful person?
b. Do you enjoy life? If you could change something to be happier, what would it be?
worth
c. How important is beauty to you? What is your standard of beauty?
hold live up to richness workaholic well-being
2 Use the Word Bank to write the word that is being defined.
a. b. c. d. e.
_ _ _ __ ['hduld] v. to have in the mind or express as a principle. _ _ _ _ _ [wel'biI1] n. the condition of being happy and well.
_____ ['ntJms] n. lots of possessions and money. _ _ _ _ _ ['w3m] adj. good for, desirable, useful, valuable. _ _ _ _ _ [w3rb'ho!Jk] n. someone who works all the time.
3. Read the text and explain its relationship with Success, Happiness and Beauty. Wlz? Walt Disney 's nephew, Roy, once said, "It is not hard to make decisi on... what your values are." In simple terms, a value is a belief that a , group has which makes them act in a certain way. In an ideal society e :are respected if the actions they produce do not interfere with the community. But we should examine our values carefully to know if ' is really worth our effort. Some people work hard to be successful. But what is success'? b \: objectives? Shouldn't we evaluate their validity before striving I - . example, many parents do not pay attention to their children becau,;: too much to accumulate "wealth." Each individual's definition of , ___ but we must be careful that we strive to do something that is reall y \.. hand, we need to remember that success is always the result of sa Edison said "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine Most people lose great oppoltunities because they would have to \\ T those opportunities into success, so they prefer to watch a movie than spend time working to overcome the difficulties that a challen; ::Other people think having fun and enjoying life is vital so the-. easy. It is true that we must not become such workaholics that \'. " . But what is living life to the fullest? Does it mean we should oft i not, then don't we have the right to have fun? People have to Ie. r:::: simple and unimportant things. Nature, people and life are presen:enjoy. We also need to cast aside worries because relaxation is i mr -. psychological health. But the point is to be able to find the balan and fun.
Reading and Writing Some other people believe that beauty is the most important thing, so they go through cosmetic surgeries. It is natural for humans to feel attraction to beauty but the definition of what is or isn't beautiful differs greatly from culture to culture. For instance, eastern cultures value being thin different from what western cultures do. Furthermore, many of the canons of beauty are promoted by business people interested in selling clothes, make-up and items that represent an unreal lifestyle. Beauty is not only looking like a top model; there is beauty in an old mother who has sacrificed her life for her kids. It is important to look good, to work in order to reach objectives and to try hard to be happy. But we need to analyze what we believe in because that determines what we do. There is success in being happy and there is joy in reaching goals. The secret is in knowing what our values are and evaluating them to see if they are worth working for.
4. Take this test. Choose the items according to the information in the text. a. A synonym of belief is 1. 2. 3.
~
act. aspect. value.
b. Why should we revise our beliefs? 1. D to see it they deserve our energy 2. D to understand them 3. L., to see if they affect other people
c. It is a bad idea to become a workaholic because we 1. shouldn't live life to the fullest. 2. U will not enjoy life. 3. have to cast aside worries.
D n
d. Thomas Alva Edison bel'ieved people should 1. C work hard to achieve their goals. 2. D relax very often. 3. look for inspiration.
n
e. Who encourages canons of beauty? 1. cultures 2. women 3. businessmen
Cl
n
5. Complete these interpretive statements according to the text in 3. a. According to the author, something that produces success is ___________ b. For the author, the most important thing about success and happiness is _______ c, According to the text, beauty is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Read authentic texts to challenge your skills, infer meaning through context and, whelil in need, use your dictionary.
6. Read the texts below and decide which of the values mentioned in the essay each represents. Consider the ant, you lazy person. Watch its ways, and become wise. Although it has no chief, officer, in the summer it stores its food supply. At harvest time it gathers its food. Proverb in the Bible. Value: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
There was never any more beginning than there is now, Nor any more youth or age than now And will never be any more perfection than there is now Walt Whitman. Value: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
The little prince said, "An ordinary observer would think that my rose looked just like any other. But she is more important than all other roses because it is she that I have watered ... it is she that I have put under the glass globe ..." The fox said, "And now here is my secret: What is essential, is invisible to the eyes." The Little Prince Value: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___-
...,
Reading nd Writing 7. Match the phrases in column A to the reasons in column B.
B
A a. b.
=:J It's important to consider the ant
L Whitman loves the now
0 d. 0 c.
1 because the present is all we have for sure 2. because essential things are invisible to yc _. -
The fox thinks that sight can deceive you
3. because it teaches people to be diligent
The rose is important
4. because the little Prince has sacrificed hi
8. Answer the questions about the relationship between the texts in 3 and 6. a Walt Whitman would agree with the essay line(s) 1. 5-6
b. The line in the essay that the author of the Bible proverb would disagree with is
2. 21-24
1. 17
3. 26
2 25
c. The Little Prince anc . -fox would agree with :- ~ essay line(s) 1. 22 2. 25 3. 30-31
3. 32
9. Look up these concepts in your dictionary. Then, match the examples with the concepts.
a. metaphor b. parable c. personification
d. e.
repetition simile
Tips to write a poem Put your feelings into words to produce an emotional response in the reader by using figurative language (allegories, personifications, e"
1. Youth is like spring, ~ beautiful but short.
4. Take care of that little diamond inside you. ~
2. There was never any more beginning than there is now .. . Nor any more youth than there is now.
3. Consider the ant. .. Watch its ways and become wise.
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Write an essay or a poem about the importance of beauty, fur or success for young people. For the poem, follow the tips. For the essay, follow the tips in lesson 3 unit 4. Role-playa Morning Show interview with the author of the te)'
LESSON 4
From Failure to Success
Culture and Communication
1. Look up the words in bold in a dictionary. Then, match the sentences with the pictures. a. b.
D
If a fighter is in very bad condition , he may just throw in the towel.
D This animal is incredible; it always goes to great lengths to get Its nut.
C d. D c.
,
They had never been so happy. They had the time of their lives. Some like it and some don't, but, you know, beauty Is in the eye of the beholder.
...
2. Complete the conversation with idioms from the previous exercise. Hey, Mark, good to see you. How've you been?
Well, I've had some problems in my classes. You know I'm not from this country so there are some expressions I don't understand .
Really? Like what? I can probably help you.
For instance, my math teacher told me I shouldn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ even ~ I have some difficulties. He also said I had to so I could pass.
Oh, I got it. He means that you should never give up and you have to do everything you can to pass his evaluations.
Thank you, Rob. Valerie also said the other day that she had gone on vacation and she had had . I think she meant she had lots of fun. I'm not sure but I didn't want to ask her.
That means exactly what you thought it was. Hey, do you like Valerie?
Well , yeah. She's so nice and pretty.
Who? Valerie? Well, you know what they say,
Yeah, I know that one. But come on, Valerie is so pretty that all guys like her.
You see! I don't. Hey, got to go. See you.
Ok. Talk to you later.
3. a. b. c. d.
Discuss the questions with a partner. Would you go to great lengths to reach your biggest goal? What would you do? So far, what experience has been the time of your life? What would have to happen for you to throw in the towel regarding your biggest dream? Talk about a situation in which you can say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder?
questions to expand conversations. Give extra information
I'd do anything to reach my goals. I mean I would ... Would you also ..
Sure, I would even .. . /1 probably WOUldn't do that.
4. Gap activity.
.u f:nt goes to page 91 . Student 8 goes to page 95.
And if you could ..., would you .. .?
Always
I work hard to succeed. I enjoy life wisely. I understand there are different kinds of beauty.
CJ
c:::> c:::>
Sometimes
CJ
c:::> c:::>
Never
c:::> c:::>
CJ
83
..
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.:.: .
~.. .
Share our Pro'ect
,
.
.~ .• '
...... "'.-. . '. ' ~•... . '
.. .
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~ ~
.-
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Discuss your experiences. What were the most difficult and most enriching aspects of creating a Morning Show? How did you solve the problems you faced? What did you take into account to decide on the topics? What did you learn by creating The lViorning Show?
M
listen, read and answer.
A morning show is a live TV program usually broadcast from 6:00 AM to 10:00 AM. Generally there are two hosts, a man and a woman, sitting in a comfortable place that looks like a living room or a very familiar home setting. The show has several segments. The most common ones are the daily news, weather reports, discussions of important stories, arts and news about celebrities. The style is rather informal and very attractive. The history of this type of program goes back to 1950 when the first morning show was broadcast in Phil'adelphia. After that show became successful, many other TV stations followed the example and created their own morning shows both in the U.S. and in England. Today there are around 30 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Australia that show this type of programs. They even have their own websi,tes. Six Lalin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) have this type of shows now. Perhaps some of the most important morning shows at the moment are Good Morning America, Live with Regis and Kelly, and The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet. This type of TV programs has become a popular way to start the day. What morning shows are famous in your country? Why are they important? Would you like to have a morning show only for teenagers?
Give your presentation. • Choose a name for your morning show. Have a morning show presentation for all the groups. Rehearse a little before presenting . • Exchange opinions about the different shows. As a class, talk about the best aspects of each show and vote for the best one.
Useful Expressions Our morning show is called ... Our show includes the following segments ...
84
The focus of our show is ... We'd like to invite you to watch our show.
...:.'...... ..::: 1.-.. :' .. .... .........-... ... .. -
,
,
'
• _~ ..
b. Helen Keller learned to from childhood, so she became a winner. • strive
• pretend
• overcome
'
'
.. ~
we find in life. Some people are so
problems
strong that they go to great (b) _ _ to achieve their objectives but other
• blame
d. When we worries, we simply decide to relax and take it easy.
...
Values are part of all humans. They help us to confront the (a) _ _ that
• blame
c. I wish my best friend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ me for the mistakes he makes. • wouldn't blame • would blame • couldn't blame • did not blame
.
3. Complete the following text with the best option.
a. Churchill didn't he had no problems speaking. On the contrary, he faced his physical disability with great courage. • strive
.. ...
. •• t \
.~
1. Choose the word that best completes the sentence.
• pretend
~
'. ~.~
uiz Time • confront
.. ~
people are not as strong so they just throw (c) _ _ the towel. If more people were disciplined and (d) _ _ to reach their objectives, we could solve many of the world's problems. In fact, there are studies that show that in places where leaders inspire their followers to work hard and (e) _ _ problems, people live more happily than in other
• cherish
communities. These communities are even more capable of
2. Circle the best completion for the sentence. a. If physical beauty is / were less important in our society, women couldn't / wouldn't suffer so much. b. I really wish my dad would avoid / avoided hectic days. He needs to learn to relieve / cherish stress. c. Women's worth / well-being today would be / were better if they didn't have to confront / strive so many sexist limitations. d. The question for the exam was, "What problems would / do our society have if we all have / had the same values?"
appreciating beauty. Then, enjoying life and beauty is closely
• cast aside
• confront
• overcome
Self-Evaluation • ~~·l'!llI!·Ii' • talk about success and joy of life .
related to not wasting time but trying to generate (D _ _ for the people around us.
a. 1. fun b. 1. lengths c. d. e. f.
1. 1. 1. 1.
up strive hold beauty
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
issues places on strove overcome worries
.'$TjW~II .
Ga
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
success longs in striving find well-being
GHD_
• express wishes. • talk about hypothetical concerning the present. • use idioms to talk about success and beauty. 85
Glossa - A路E ashamed ad). feeling embarrassed , I feel ashamed of my friends when they get crazy avoid v to stay away from something or someone, My girlfriend is really careful, She always avoids danger beauty n the state of being pretty or beautiful. beholder n someone who observes something carefully, blame n to say someone is responsible for something (syn, accuse 路ant. absolve), break up phrac;a( v to end up a relationship, breathe II the act of taking oxygen into and out of your lungs, bulb n. a round device made of glass that produces light when it gets electric current.
clique n a group of people that is really close and does not accept other members easily, concern n. an anxious state of mind, (syn , worry -ant. calm) , crush n a strong feeling of love for someone, My sister has a crush on one of my friends, date n. to go out with someone with a romantic interest. deal v. to handle a situation, My problem is that I don't know how to deal with stress, disappointed ad}, feeling very discontent or dissatisfied, (syn, unhappy -ant. glad). excited Rd}. feeling very happy,
F-J feather n, something really soft that covers a bird's body.
86
bully v. especially at school, it is the act of threatening somebody else so that he does something he does not want to, cast aside phrasal v. to get rid of (esp, worries), celebrity n. a person who is really famous (esp, in the movie industry or in the showbiz), There are some TV channels that only tell news about celebrities, challenge v. confronting a situation that is really difficult. Climbing that mountain represents a real challenge for the sports men. cherish v to appreciate something or someone (syn, esteem -ant. disdain), chief n. the leader of a group of people,
glitter v to be bright and flashing. globe n. a container that is used to protect something, harvest n, the production of some crops from fields,
heartbroken adj. feeling extreme } sad because someone you love is with you anymore. hectic ad} being extremely busy. I hate hectic days at the office be -. I don't even have time for lunch. hold v to have in mind or express ;; a principle. The beliefs our company holds ar::: really liberal. host n someone who is in charge : presenting a TV show, indeed aC!v, really or certainly. It is used to show emphasis, issues n. some kind of problem, judge n. someone in charge of administering justice,
fit v to conform to the standards, The pieces do not fit into the puzzle. flirt \I. to act in a way that intentionally tries to attract the attention of someone you like, flock n a group of animals or people, gather v to collect (esp, fruit and grains),
KO length n. the distance between t = beginning and the end of somet -; liposuction n. a surgery that co : in taking out fat from a part of the _
Glossar live up to phrasal II to act according to some value . luck n. the circumstances or conditions that cause some result. Good things always happen to my mom. She has good luck. nap n. some short sleep.
officer n someone who works for the army, the navy or the police force.
overcome v. to win a victory over something . Our soccer team has had many problems, but we have overcome them al/. overweight n. more weight than it is appropriate to be healthy.
Activities on page 98 perseverance n the capacity to keep on doing something in spite of any difficulty. poverty n the state of not having many things. pressure n. some force that is applied onto something. pretend v to make people believe something that is not true. proud ad} feeling that you are or have done something really important. recipe n. some instructions that tell you how to make some food. regret n a feeling of disappointment about something you did but wish you hadn't done. reliant Adj. feeling confident. relieve v to get rid of something. rely v. to trust. richness 17 lots of possessions and money. rude ad]. being strong and impolite in your way of treating people. self-esteem n the concept that a person has of himself. silly adj being fool or not being serious. soil I the surface of the ground in which plants grow. store v to keep in a place in order to use it in the future. strive /. to try hard to do something. suffrage n vote to elect people in the government. sunset n. the time in the afternoon before the night begins.
POT peer r . a partner in school. period n a punctuation element that is written at the end of a sentence.
supply n. an amount of something stored for later use. support n help given to someone.
u-z upset ad! feeling really angry. (syn . mad -ant. calm).
well-being n. the condition of being happy and well. workaholic n. someone who works all the time.
worth adj. good for. youth n. the time of life when people are young .
CollOQ ! al Expression All that glitters is not gold: things are not always as good as they look. A friend in need is a friend indeed: a real friend helps you in times of trouble. Don't judge a book by its cover: don't base your opinions on appearances. A man is known by the company he keeps: the friends you have indicate who you are. Birds of a feather flock together: people with similar interests spend time together. Throw in the towel: give up. Go to great lengths: do as much as you can. Have the time of one's life: have a lot of enjoyment. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: people have different opinions about what is beautiful.
87
.
.
.
::~
..
...
'0
Test Trainin Reading Look at the statements about friendship. Read the text below to decide if each statement is correct or incorrect. • If it's correct, mark C; if it's incorrect mark I.
o
Scan for sentences in the reading that are similar to those in the statements. They will help you decide if the statement is correct or incorrect.
I At his elementary school, Jiro experienced great moments.
D . He was surprised to see how easy it was to make
o D o
I I
new friends at his high school. Many times he thought he wanted to be at a different school. It was necessary to follow group rules in order to be accepted . He became depressed because he had a lot of fears.
Friendship
By Jiro Chan
Oh! I remember my days at Johnson's elementary school. I wish I were there again. There was a world of innocence and peace at that time. No peer pressure, bullying or dating girls. Instead , I would have a great time with my friends: we played football , hide-and-seE' trade comic cards. We felt like everything was a new exciting and a.wesome experience. I:f I could go back in time, I would Ii· ~ see those friends again. Then, I woke up from a wonderful dream and I found myself studying at Kentwood High School. I felt excited and a little anxio _: meet new friends, but it wasn't always that easy. Classmates were not really very friendly here. I was sometimes amazed at SS7 how some partners were bullied by very rude boys. I even told my mom I wished I had never entered this school because scared and bored. However, as time went by, I realized that I had to make an effort to fit in without putting my values aside. I c :want to look "cool ," like other guys. I just wanted to make friends who accepted me for who I was. Fortunately, there are other students who share my views . So I met Bruce, he was a very enthusiastic guy, but he was alonE _ because he didn't want to become popular, unlike the others. We became very good friends quickly and then we made other friends . I'm glad I kept a positive mind and overcame my fears. If I had just complained, I would have become depressed. But I'm a lot happier now, I feel really confident at school. I even started dating a great girl!
WIting You have a friend who moved to a new school. S/he wants to make new friends. Write him/her a letter of advice. In your letter, you should say what you would do if you faced this situation . • tell about the importance of values and being him/herself. • tell what s/he can do to overcome peer pressure or bullying.
R6 ; S ,'. .
e tips to write an
an ::c ::. e . Check your J ~:_c: " f - S~= D
88
i
~
once you have r .'Jriting .
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..:,
,:! • • :~~.
Test Training Listen to a lecture about Ludwig Van Beethoven. Write down the correct information in each blank. Ludwig Van Beethoven
.
.1-. _•••""•• . • , e •• • • • . • ,
Before you listen to the recording, use your background knowledge and try to predict the words in the blanks. Then, listen and confirm your guesses.
General Information: Beethoven was born in _ _ _ _ _ in 1760. His first teacher was his _ _ _ __ who sometimes was ____ to him. Later in _____ he moved to Vienna where he became a piano virtuoso and a famous _ _______ His difficulties: Around 1796, when he was _ _ _ _ years old, he began to lose his _ _ _ __ He said he felt a "ringing" that didn't let him appreciate music. Sometimes he felt _ _ __ and _ _ _ _ , but he didn't stop composing music. How he confronted his problem: Beethoven
his physical disability, so he found ways to hear music.
Some people say he bit a rod that he attached to the piano's keyboard , so that he could feel the vibrations. Also, he had very good friends who helped him _ _ _ _ _ _ his depression . His success: Beethoven became the greatest composer of all time. Actually, he came up with some of his most important compositions as he _ _ _ _ _ against his hearing loss.
Speaking Describe what you see in this picture to your partner. Then, tell him/her what you would do to in these situations.
Try to say as much as you can about the picture. Use the vocabulary and structures studied in class to express yourself better.
~a~ ~ctiuitiBS Unit 1, Student A You are a resourceful advertiser, very good with words. You have to provide the sneaker company you wo" for with a couple of slogans for the Super Sneakers they have come up with. The shoes are comfortable. The design is very good and fashionable. Sportspeople and ordinary citizens would love to wear them. Create t\\: slogans and present them to the company designer. Use the idioms studied.
It's plain boring. It's really catchy. It's a whale of a logo. Student A Logo 2
Logo 1
Unit 2, Student A Ask your partner questions to find the missing information about Graham Bell. Then, tell your partner about Albert Einstein. Graham Bell's successful and failed inventions Alexander Graham Bell was a famous scientist and an inventor. He wanted to improve his first invention, the telegraph and as a result he came up with that hit it big in the world of telecommunications. The was another artifact that came off with flying colors, which was a boat equipped with some sort of wings that lifted it off the water. However, not all of his inventions were successful. He also drew a blank in testing a . He was also very interested in aircraft but his idea of was like beating a dead horse.
What invention hit it big in the world of telecommunications?
Einstein's Success and Failures Albert Einstein has been one of the most well-known physicists of all times . Even though he is considered a genius, he also tasted failure. When he was a chile his parents thought he was retarded . They tried to make him talk faster but man. times it was like beating a dead horse. Einstein also drew a blank in the exam to entEthe Zurich polytechnic college. However, he proved to everybody he was very smart While he was working in a patent office, he published some papers called Annu~ Mirabilis which came off with flying colors as they set the foundaNon of moder physics. Later, he developed the theory of relativity that hit it big and changee physic concepts.
~a~ ~ctiuitiBS Unit 3, Student A You are Michael Schumacher and you are on a sports celebrities TV program. You will be interviewed by Diego Maradona, the famous soccer player. First, complete the sentences using the right form of the verb. • I enjoyed (drive) little karts that my father built for me. • I attempted (win) my first race when I was 5 years old . (become) a car racer, so he 00 • Yes, my father wanted me different jobs. • I was able (enter) the Formula One in 1988 thanks to my ha c work. • When I led the Ferrari Team _ _ _ _ _ _ (win) its first victory afte 2' years . Now, you're going to interview Diego Maradona. First, circle the right verb and then ask the questions. 1. Did you spend your time to play I playing soccer when you were little? 2 How did you begin play I to play soccer professionally? 3 Why didn't you manage to participate I participating in the '\978 World Cup? 4. Do you usually attempt to perform I performing new tricks with the ball? 5. When were you able to win I winning your first World Cup?
Unit 6, Student A Read the paragraph and answer your partner's questions about the principles of success. Then, ask him I her questions about the principles of beauty. SUCCESS There are hundreds of books and authors that teach how to be successful. Here are some principles that can help you. Some of them were presented by Stephen Covey in his famous book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People . Others come from the extensive literature about how to be better human beings. First of all, stop blaming other people for the problems J,
/
-3r
:.d
you find . If you assume responsibility, you will be proactive a that is a key element to reach success. Besides that, combl e hard work with fun activities in order to help you relieve s res:: and to have better results in whatever you do. Something else that is essential is to stop pretending there are no proble s when there really are. Confront problems immediately and fi solutions that benefit you and others because that is the way to avoid bigger problems. You need to strive to create yo own success. Success doesn't find people; it is the res .: of overcoming difficulties day by day. Finally, to avoid bei 9 so hectic, you have to delegate . You cannot do everything yourself. Questions about principles to increase your beauty. • What does it mean to increase your beauty? • Why is it important to take care of your physical condition? • What are the effects of casting aside unnecessary worries ? • Why should you help others?
~a~ ~ctiuitiBs Unit 4, Student A Ask your partner the questions to complete the information about Spain. Then, answer your partner's questions about Italy. Use the information provided. What is the consequence of Spain's air pollution?
Air pollution is such a big problem in Spain
What was Spain's biggest political turning point in the 20th century?
What was the economic consequence the Spanish civil war?
0
The biggest political turning point After the civil war, the economic depression was so severe _ _ __ Water pollution is so critical in Italy that most of the nation's rivers and coasts are contaminated .
The present economic situation in Italy is so good that it is one of the best countries to live in.
The monarchy was abolished after a popular election in favor of a constitution so democracy was adopted in 1947.
Unit 5, Student A 1. Read the fol'lowing situation and write the story of what happened taking your profile into account. "You've had some problems at school. There is a guy who is bullying you. He steals your lunch, calls you names and plays tricks on you . One day, he forced you to do something you didn't want to do. You're going to tell your partner what happened." Profile' You are very shy. You don't usually talk about your problems with others, You feel scared. You do what the bully tells you to do. One day, the bully told me that _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _
~_ _ __
. I think what I did was wrong. What do you think
I should have done? 2. Read your story to your partner and ask him/her what he/she thinks you should/ could have done. 3. Now, listen to a problematic situation your partner had, Tell him/her what s/he should/could have done. 92
~a~ ~ctiuities Unit 1, Student B You are a very creative designer, expert with colors and images. You have to provide a sneakers company with a couple of logos for the Super Sneakers they have come up with. The shoes are comfortable. Their design is very good and fashionable. Sportspeople and ordinary citizens would love to wear them. Create two logos and present them to the company advertiser. Use the idioms studied.
It's plain boring. It's really catchy. It's a whale of a logo. Student B Slogan l
Slogan .2
_ _--------'-----_ _ __
J
Unit 2, Student B Tell your partner information about Graham Bell. Then, ask questions to find the missing information about Albert Einstein. Graham Bell's Successful and Failed Inventions Alexander Graham Bell was a famous scientist and inventor. He wanted to improve his first invention, the telegraph and as a result he came up with the telephone that hit it big in the world of telecommunications. The hydroplane was another artifact that came off with flying colors, which was a boat equipped with some sort of wings that lifted it off the water. However, not all of his inventions were successful. He also drew a blank in testing a metal detector. He was also very interested in aircraft but his idea of making planes was like beating a dead horse.
Einstein's Successes and Failures Albert Einstein has been one of the most well-known physicists of all times. Even though he is considered a genius, he also tasted failure. When he was a child , his parents thought he was retarded . They tried to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ faster but many times it was like beating a dead horse. Einstein also drew a blank _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to enter the Zurich Polytechnic college. However, he proved to everybody he was very smart. While he was working in a patent office, he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ called Annus Mirabilis which came off with flying colors as they set the foundation of modern physics. Later, he developed the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that hit it big and changed physic concepts.
What did Einstein's parents try to do but it was like beating a dead horse?
93
~ctiui ie Unit 3, Student B You are Diego Maradona and you are on a sports celebrities TV program. You interview Michael Schumacher, the famous car racer. First, circle the right for the verb and then ask the questions to your partner. 1 2. 3. 4. 5.
What did you like dol doing when you were little? When did you try to compete/ competing fo r the first time? Did your family encourage you racing/ to race cars? When did you start driving/ drive for the Formula One? Which one of your victories do you love remembering/ remember?
Now, you will be interviewed by Michael Schumacher, the famous car racer. First, complete the sentences using the right form of the verb. • Yes, I loved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (play) matches in my neighborhood . (be) part of the junior team • My skills allowed me "cebollitas." A talent scout saw me playing once. • I attempted (participate) in this World Cup, but I couldn't because I was too young. • Yes, for example, one day I felt like (do) something different with the ball, so I invented a "crossed- kick" trick. • My team managed (beat) England and give Argentina the World Cup in 1987.
Unit 5, Student B 1. Listen to a problematic situation your partner had. Tell himlher what slhe should/ could have done. 2. Read the following situation and write the story of what happened taking your profile into account. You are new at school. There is a group of boys/girls that are very popular. You want to fit into this group. However, the boys/girls have put a lot of peer pressure on you. One day, they put you on probation. You're going to tell your partner what happened. Profile: You are sure about yourself. You don't like people treating you badly. You are outspoken. If you have a probletell somebody. You have friends from higher courses who help you when you're in need .
I think you should have talked to your parents. You should have asked for help. I didn't like the test the group put on me. One day, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _- _ _ _ _ _ _ __
_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ . I shouldn't have done that. It's just not me. What do you think I should have done? 3. Read your story to your partner and ask him!her what he!she thinks you should! could have done. 94
~a ~ctiuitiBS Unit 6, Student B Ask you partner the questions to find out the principles of success. Then, read the paragraph and answer your partner's questions about the principles of beauty. • What does it mean to be proactive? • Why is it important to combine hard work with fun activities? • How can you avoid bigger problems? • What do you have to do day by day? • How can you avoid being so hectic? BEAUTY Being beautiful is more than having lovely eyes and a pretty 'ace. If that were the definition of beauty, then beauty would nly belong to youth. Internal beauty is far more important . an physical beauty because physical beauty disappears and . is very subjective. In other words, everybody holds different conceptions of beauty. That is why people say that beauty is in th e eye of the beholder. So, as a general rule, if you really want to increase your beauty, you need to improve your values. The following recommendations will help you in this respect. First
of all, take care of your physical condition because well-being is more important than anything else. A good physical condition will help you have a positive attitude towards everything in life. Show the real richness of your heart by helping others. In the end, the best way to overcome difficulties is to have a caring friend. Finally, cast aside unnecessary worries. This will also make you a happy person. Everybody loves happy people. If you follow these principles, your internal beauty will grow day after day.
Unit 4, Student B Ask your partner the questions to complete the information about Italy. Then answer your partner's questions about Spain. Use the information provided. What is the consequence of Italy's water pollution?
What is the consequence of Italy's present economic situation?
Water pollution is so critical in Italy _ _
The present economic situation of Italy is so good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
What was Italy's biggest political turning point in the 20th century?
Dictatorship ended with Francisco Franco's death in 1975. This was the beginning of a democratic government. After the civil war, the economic depression in Spain was so severe that General Franco could not help his friend Hitler.
mossar~ ~ctiuitiBS 1. Go to the Glossary Module A, look up the words and
3. Fill in the blanks with words from exercises 1 and 2.
check the right option.
a, EI Chapulin used his
a. Abudget is 1. a strategy to advertise something. 2. a difficult problem. 3. a plan of how to invest money.
guy.
o o
b. My father
o
b. A dwarf is 1. the sound uttered by a dog. 2. someone or something that is smaller than usual. 3. someone who uses the service of an organization.
a successful car business.
c. In some fantasy stories there is a d. Mathew
o
$10.000 last night at the
casino, but afterwards he lost all his money. e. Caroline ____ at becoming the best singer
o
of her city.
4. Find the words.
c. A network is
o 1. an interconnected system of structures. o 2. a short song used for advertising purposes. o 3. a park with amusement park rides.
a. This word means "very surprising." _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (7 letters) b. This is a long high-pitched sound that dogs pro __ :when crying. _ _ ____ (5 letters)
d. A quote is 1. a game in which you have to find words. 2. a moral standard of behavior. 3. an utterance taken from a book, play or speech that is often cited .
o o o
c. This is a verb you can use to mean "discover." (7 12 words)
e. A mallet is
o 1. a problem which is difficult to solve. o 2. wooden a kind of hammer with a long stick and a large head. o 3, a mechanical attraction in a park.
d. This word is a synonym of "form." _ _ _ _ _ (5 letters) e. This is a park ride that looks like a big wheel. " 12 words)
2. Solve the crossword puzzle.
5.
1.
1. to find a solution 2. to risk money on a game
8.
2.
3. to represent something with words or pictures
6.
4. to attempt to obtain a goal (inverted)
DOWN 5. to establish 6. to possess something 7. to cut down to the desired shape 8. to direct or control a business (inverted) 96
who
lives in a little town and fights bad giants.
o
ACROSS
to hit the bad
3.
7
~--
mossar~ ~ctiuitiBS Go to the Glossary Module B, look up the words and label the following pictures.
a.
b.
3 Match these words with their antonyms.
a. 0 reject b. 0 reach c. 0 increase d. 0 outstanding e. 0 striking
1. reduce 2. simple 3. accept 4. mediocre 5. fail
4. Fill in the blanks with words from the previous exercise.
C
R
c.
a. A company offered me a job in Germany, but I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it because the payment wasn't really good .
d.
b. The global temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ in the last few years. c. Roberto Benigni's acting in the film Life is Beautiful was so that he won an Oscar. W
U
Television NoUJ Reality; Device Demonstrated
d. Susan has worked really hard to _ _ _ _ _ __ her goal of becoming the best doctor in her city.
e. After the tragedy, the recovery of the city was really _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , even though nobody believed they would make such progress so soon. 5 Look at the hints and find the mysterious words.
a. ice - high temperature - water - change K
D -------
2. Complete the sentences. Use the Word Bank. Word BanK ~ hunger threat
depletion step
layer
a. War is always a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the peace of countries. b. There is more and more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of oil. One day it won't be enough. he first _ _ _ _ _ _ to make a party is to set up a budget. There are many people in Africa who die from dioxide damages the ozone _ _ _ _ __
(verb) b. car - transportation - motorcycle- machine _ _ _ _ _ _ (noun) r '
c. competition - opponent - against _ _ _ _ _ _ (noun) d. make - cornpanies - products - materials _ _ _ _ _ _ (verb)
e. movie - dialogs - memorize - actors - text _ _ _ _ _ _ (noun) 6. Circle the correct option. a When Jenny got her new job, she was happy because she knew it was a start from scratch / a change for the better. b. The relationship between Charlie and his co-workers wasn't the best, but the election of Charlie as a new supervisor shook things up / made things worse. c. To begin with / moving on, let me explain the purpose of this debate. 97
mossar~ ~ctiuitiBS 1. Go to the Glossary Module C, look up the words and match the definition with the picture.
3. Write T (true) or F (false). a. Calm is a synonym of concern. _ _ _ _ _ __
a surgery that consists in taking out fat from the body
someone in charge of administering justice
round glass device that produces light through elecbic current
b. Mad is an antonym of upset. _ _ _ _ __ __ c. Blame and accuse are synonyms. _ _ _ _ __ d. Glad and disappointed are antonyms. _ _ _ __
"-
,~)
4. Match the phrases to make sentences. There are different options. a. Some kids at school go to great lengths to ... b. When students don't pretend to be something they are not, they usually... c. It is really silly to ... d. A challenge that is worth accepting is to ... e. Often teens feel so upset with their lives that they decide to ... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
0 0 0 0 0
do something you don't want to. go through a lipo to look beautiful. stop being rude. gain acceptance in cliques. live up to what they think is correct.
5. Figure out the expression and write it on the line. 2. Use the code to find the missing words. A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
LIM
ID
n
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1)
~ I
r
n
Jb
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II
9
II>
T1
N
0
p
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
x
y
z
V
6
mi MI
l
£
I
If
0
J
II
§
~
a. Don't _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ by its _ _ _ _~,
~..... , JI'
I
a. Plants grow in _
_
_ _.
£
6
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b.
of a _ _ _ _ flock _ __ _
b. llove towatch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ £
l.I
V
£
{I
c. Fish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n3
~
under water.
CDIJb{
d. My _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is to learn English. (JbCDII>II>~ Vn
c. _ _ _ _ is in the _ _ _ _ of the _ _ _ _
e. People with good _ _ _ _ usually have no problems at all . II> If ( 9 d. All that _ _ _ _ is not _ _ __ 98
~rammar ~~arts Present, Past and Present Perfect Tenses Use the Simple Present Tense to express routines and facts.
Use the Simple Past Tense to express actions that started and ended in the past.
Use the Present Perfect Tense to express actions that occurred at a non-specific time in the past, or actions that happened in the past and may happen again in the future.
The manager always solves problems quickly.
Creative people designed the company's logo last month.
Our team has coordinated the campaigns for three years.
Use frequency adverbs to indicate the frequency of routines. Frequency adverbs: always, usually sometimes, hardly ever, never.
Use time expressions to indicate when the action happened.
Use for to indicate the duration of an action. Use since to indicate when an action started. Use already to indicate the action has already finished. Use yet in questions and negative sentences. Use ever in questions.
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Wh + auxiliary + subject + verb in base form + complement.
Wh + auxiliary + subject + verb in base form +complement.
Wh + auxiliary + subject + verb in past participle + complement.
What does the slogan represent?
When did Robinson come up with the slogan?
auxiliary + subject + verb in base form + complement.
auxiliary + subject + verb in base form + complement.
Does Michael own a company?
Time expressions: yesterday, some time ago, last week, in the past.
I Did Robinson create Coca-cola?
I What has Gates done through Microsoft? auxiliary + subject + verb in past participle + complement.
I
Have Michael and his team written any other famous slogans?
The Passive Voice The Present Passive Voice is used to describe processes or report things. It emphasizes the person or thing that receives the action.
First of all, a plot is written. Then, the cast is chosen. Real robots were used in Terminator 3.
The Present Perfect Passive Voice is used to report things that have been done recently. Many new things have been implemented lately.
For negative sentences in the Present Perfect Passive Voice, add not to the auxiliary verb have. Scale models haven't been employed recently.
The order in questions in Present Perfect Passive is
(Wh) + have + subject + been + verb in past participle + complement. How have movies been produced in the last few years?
Conditionals Conditionals are used to express hypothetical situations. Use the past tense in the verb next to the if phrase and would in the other phrase.
If I were able to live my life again, I would try to make more mistakes. For negative sentences, use would + not or did + not (didn't) If I could go back, I would not try to be so perfect. If I didn't have to work so hard, I'd spend time relaxing.
You can use the contraction of would ('d). If I had the opportunity to live again, I'd contemplate more sunsets. Use would before the subject in questions. What would you do if you had more free time?
99
The Past Progressive Tense The Past Perfect Tense Is used to express an action that happened before another action in the past. It's a past in the past. When Walt Disney opened the first amusement park in 1955, he had already produced Pinocchio. Before that he had also won an Oscar.
The Past Progressive Tense is used to report things in progress in the past.
For negative sentences, simply add not to the auxiliary verb had. By 1980 Gabriel Garcia Marquez hadn't received a Nobel prize yet.
Common time expressions used in the Past Progressive Tense: While, when
Gabo was watching a movie yesterday at 9:00 PM. While He was watching it, his brother called him.
Common time expressions used in the Past Perfect Tense: Before that, at the time, by then, already
Verb Combination The combination of two verbs follows different patterns. Pattern 1
Pattern 2
Verb .,. Gerund
Verb + Infinitive
Jordan enjoys helping people.
Pattern 3 Verb
In individual sports people attempt to perform stunts.
Object
Infinitive
Jordan led the Bulls to win 6 championships.
Some common verbs in pattern 1 admit, avoid, celebrate, discuss, dislike, enjoy, explain, feel like, finish, imagine, keep, recommend, suggest. Some common verbs in pattern 2 agree, attempt, can't afford, can't wait, choose, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, need, plan, pretend, want, wish. Some common verbs in pattern 3 advise, allow, ask, convince, encourage, invite, lead, need, promise, remind, teach, tell, want, would like.
Adjectives plus prepositions
So and Neither
Adjectives are often followed by a preposition. a. nice happy rude friendly
to
b. pleased disappointed satisfied bored
with
Use So and Neither express agreemen c. surprised amazed good bad
Affirmative
at
I think he's the best president. So do I. Negative
d. excited worried sorry upset
100
about
e. scared frightened proud ashamed
of
e. dependent reliant insistent
on
I don't agree. Neither do I.
Modals Should is used to express advice.
Should + the Present Perlect Tense is used to express
We should be careful about our time together.
Vanessa and Zac should have talked to the media.
May/Could are used to express a possibility explanation
Must/Could + the Present Perlect Tense are used to express a possible about a past situation
We may learn a lot if we listen to our parents parents.
It must have been difficult to have a crush on a co-worker. You could have learnt a lot.
Tag Questions Tag questions are used to confirm information. Use the auxiliary corresponding to the tense of the sentence. The tag question goes in affirmative if the sentence is negative, and it goes in negative if the sentence is affirmative. You have lots of friends, don't you? Some teenagers have felt heartbroken, haven 't they? It's not easy to have a crush on someone, is it?
In the past girls didn't flirt with boys so much, did they? Our teachers were happy, weren't they? We will always be proud of our friends, won 't we?
Wish Wish is used to express that you want a different reality
Past Verbs are used to express a present desire.
They wish they were different.
I wish I had better opportunities.
Would is used to express a desire for the future.
Note: The Past Tense of can is could.
They wish they would find hope.
So many I So few Count Nouns: So many I few + plural noun + that
Non-count Nouns: So much I little + singular noun + that
The world has suffered so many transformations that it has entered a new era.
There was so little hope and so much commotion in the 19th century that wars broke out.
There are so few jobs in my country that extreme political ideas have become more common.
Intensifiers Use intensifiers to express emphasis and result. They are used with adjectives and nouns. So
+
Cars are so popular Such
+
+
adjective
that
that small towns have built new roads for them.
plural adjective
+
noun
that
Planes are such stunning machines that they are a milestone in inventions. Such a/an
+
adjective
+
noun
+
that
The Internet is such an outstanding invention that it is changing everything around the world. 101
~ 1. listen to the song without looking at the lyrics and tick the words you hpi1llr~~iI child
help
guns
head
silence
destruction
2. ftccording to the pictures and the words you heard, mhat do you think the song is about?
~ 3. listen to the song and complete it with the words you hear.
Another head hangs lowly, child is slowly taken And the
caused such silence
Who are we mistaken
But you see it's not me, it's not my I n you r head, in you r head, they a re fig hti ng With their tanks, and their bombs And their bombs, and their guns In your head, in your head they are In your head, in your head, Zombie, Zombie In your head, what's in your head Zombie
Another mother's breaking
.is ta ki ng
When the violence causes silence We must be mistaken It's the same old theme since 1916 In your head, in your head they're still fightin ' With their tanks, and their bombs And their bombs, and their guns In your head, in your head they are
In your head, in your head, Zombie, Zombie In your head, what's in your head Zombie
4. ftccording to the song, what would a Zombie be? Justify your answer. a. A person who forgets easily. b. Someone who survived death. c. A person who can't think for him/herse lf. d. A person who isn 't sensitive.
0\
e-
listen to the second part and match the halues. 1. You ca'iled me strong,
a. On solid ground
you ca'iled me weak 2. You took for granted all the times 3. You stumbled in and bumped your head,
4. 1picked you up and put you back
b. I never let you down c. But your secrets I wi ll kee p d . If not for me then yo u would be dead
match the sentences to the message they conuey. a. I took a walk around the
1. You and me will be
world to ease my troubled
together thanks to my
mind.
powers.
I really don't mind what
2. ln spite of my mi stake s,
happens now and then .
I will continue to be an important person to you .
c. If I go crazy then will you still call me Superman. d. I'll keep you by my side with my Superhuman might.
3. I traveled in order to have more positive thou ghts. 4. I don't really care about the present or the future.
listen to the song and number the stanzas in order. Then, find the meanings of the words in bold in your dictionary. For restless eyes egos burn
I'm not proud, I was wrong
All the dreams that we were
And the truth is hard to take
And the mold is hard to break
We never lived them
I felt sure we had enough
Now we've waded in too deep
We could lose it, we should use '
But our love went overboard
And love is overboard
(lessons in love) lessons in lov"
Lifeboat lies lost at sea
Heavy hearts token words
All the homes that we were b
I've been trying to reach your shore
All the hopes I ever had
We never lived in
Waves of doubt keep drowning me
Fade like footprints in the sand
Could be better (could be
betr:~ ·
should be better All the homes that we were building
Lessons in love
We never lived in
If we lose the time before u,
Could be better, should be better
The future will ignore us
Lessons in love
We should use it, we co uld _: ::
If we lose the time before us
it (good God)
The future will ignore us
Lessons in love
We should use it, we could use it, yeah Lessons in love Lost without love
Lessons in love When will you ever lea' Lessons in love When there's nowh erE
All the dreams that we were building
~-,: . ,
Lessons in love Don't let your spiri t c_ 'Lessons in love I'll wa it till you retL'-
Check the sentences that are related to the message ofthe song. "l..lX.~ Our love is dying. We were living together before. We have to learn about love.
c. Our plans and expE::· · : • We could be
to ge t~~ ·
-
-
-~
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