Tianyi Jiang-Portfolio 1-Workbook

LANDSCAPE RECLAMATION M L A

L A N D S C A P E

S1611796

P O R T F O L I O

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2016.09 .20-2016.12.19

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Whitesands quarry, situated in East Lothian, Scotland, UK. The quarry's owner, Lafarge Tarmac, currently works in a partnership with the RSPB to develop this site as a nature reserve area.

As a post mining area, this site is facing many environmental challenges. It intensely requires a comprehensive remediation from a quarry to a nature reserve, which should also takes into account it’s integration with adjoining landscapes.

CHALLENGE 1 | SURROUNDING

A10 87

SCOTLAND

DUNBAR

A1 UNITED KINGDOM

RAI

LWA Y

Downtown Industry Stream Nature Recreation Lake Site Railway River Road

Th i s s i te h a s a co m p l e x s u r ro u n d i n g s, a n d h ow to re co n n e c t t h e s i te w i t h t h o s e a d j a ce nt a re a s i s t h e f i r s t c h a l l e n g e t h e s i te i s f a c i n g.

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 04

JANUARY

1

2

This site has a number of nature resources, including some rear birds living in this area. But comparing to normal ecosystems, the food web of this site still lacks some core components. So how to protect and improve the existing natural system is the second challenge.

DECEMBER

Black medick

Ribwort plantain

Plantago lanceolata

Red clover

Trifolium pratense

Prickly lettuce

Lactuca serriola

Perennial ryegrass

Lolium perenne

Narrow leaved dock

Rumex acetosa

Medicago sativa

LuLcerne

Meadow foxtail

Alopecurus pratensis

Lady's bedstraw

Galium verum

Kidney vetch

Anthyllis vulneraria

Hedge parsley

Torilis

Hawkweed sp.

Hieracium

Field scabious

Knautia arvensis

Creeping thistle

Cirsium arvense

Creeping cinquefoil

Potentilla reptans

Creeping buttercup

Ranunculus repens

Cowslip

Primula veris

Common vetch

Vicia sativa

Common restharrow

Ononis repens

Common bird's foot trefoil

Lotus corniculatus

Coltsfoot

Tussilago farfara

Changing forget me not

Myosotis discolor

Burdock

Arctium

Broad-leaved willow herb

Epilobium montanum

Broad leaved dock

Yellow rattle

Rhinanthus minor

wild parsnip

Pastinaca sativa

White dead nettle

Lamium album

White clover

Trifolium repens

Smooth sow thistle

Sonchus oleraceus

Smooth catsear

Hypochaeris glabra

Selfheal

Prunella

Scentless may weed

Tripleurospermum inodorum

S

rosebay willowherb

Chamerion angustifolium

FEBRUARY

Rumex obtusifolius

l m ma

Black knapweed

ria

3

NT A L 8P

Centaurea nigra

est

The existing food web

Medicago lupulina

2 te rr

CHALLENGE 2 | ECOSYSTEM Range of animal activities

CTS 57INSE

DS 39BIR

m al

MARCH

3

APRIL

4

5

MAY 6

JUNE JULY

7

AUGUST

8

9

SEPTEMBER 10

OCTOBER 11

NOVEMBER

12

Bloom schedule

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 05

CHALLENGE 2 | BIRD RESOURCES RED LIST J A N U A R YFEBRUARYM A R C HA P R I LM

A

Red is the highest conservation priority,with species needing urgent action.

YJ U N EJ U L YA U G U S TSEPTEMBERO C T O B E RNOVEMBERDECEMBER

NT - Near Threatened close to meeting the threatened thresholds.

Vanellus vanellus Lapwing

LC

Emberiza citrinella

Yellowhammer

LC

Alauda arvensis Skylark

NT

LC - Least Concern having a low risk of extinction.

AMBER LIST Amber is the next most critical group.

Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit

Cygnus cygnus Whooper swan

Anas penelope Wigeon

Anas strepera

Gadwall

Anas crecca Teal

Average nesting area Disturbance from human activities

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 06

CHALLENGE 3 | TOPOGRAPHY+HYDROLOGY

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The existing topography of this site is concave, like a basin, all the rainwater from adjacent areas will flow into this site, which not only gives more pressure to water level control but also has water contaminating problems. That is the third challenge needs to be sloved.

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 07

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The concept of my design is to relink urban and people with nature, provide intimate experiences of the wetland; to provide rich and diverse recreational opportunities, so that local people can spend their day to relax and recreate; to offer learning and research opportunities to people of all age.

VISION 1 | RECONNECT THE SITE 2

3

1 4

5 6

1 BROXMOUTH PARK

2 CAMPING SITE

3 DUNBAR GOLF CLUB

4 WHITE SANDS BAY

5 WORKING QUARRY

6 R A I L W AY T R A I N

ROAD

QU AR

RY

ROAD

Bring a strong and formative intervention to create a distinct place in this varied surrounding

Shape it into a dynamic figure based on the connection with adjacent areas

RAILWAY SURROUNDING

RELINK QUARRY WITH SURROUNDINGS

DIVERSE RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 09

VISION 2 | WETLAND HABITAT

REESTABLISH WILDLIFE HABITAT REVEAL ECOSYSTEM + METABOLISM WATER INFILTRATING + DETOXIFYING

Regarding biodiversity, the concept of my design mainly focus on how to provide programs that fulfill public desires with minimum disturbance to the existing natural system. The intent of reshaping the water body is to bring water out, to deliver, manage and sustain a quality wetland environment.

So the wetland habitat can infiltrate and detoxify rainwater, speed up the metabolism of ecosystem and also can act as a better wildlife habitat.

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 10

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The identity of my design are linked to two main roles: as a nature reserve area, sustaining and protecting a range of habitats and species, and also as an attractive and accessible recreational resources for local communities and visitors.

DESIGN | MASTERPLAN

14

5 6

Visitor centre

1

Main entrance | Lookout Platform

2

Carpark

3

Event lawn

4

Lookout tower

5

Above lake | Lookout Platform

6

Forest trail

7

Tilting weir

8

Beach | Lookout Platform

9

7

4

Shelter seats 10 8

Flower field 11 Board walk 12 13

Lake front 13 Demonstration area of water purification 14

9 16

Wetland 15 Birdhide 16

15

Island 17

5 3 5

4

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2

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1

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12

10

0 50 100

200m

11

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 12

S T R U C T U R E These multiple connective trails offer humanscale interests as they shif t through forests, groves, boardwalk wetlands, meadow and focal points.

The hierarchy of construction includes highlights, such as visitor centre, lookout towers, lookout platforms; and recreation areas, such as shelter seats, birdhides.

The planting are multifunctional, it can shape different spaces and diverse visual experiences, and can also act as shelter belt, green border, a window for the train and a better habitat for pollinators.

Go beyond picturesque and create a revitalized and multi-faceted waterscape for various habitat, and also for recreational purposes.

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PLANTING STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION

CIRCULATION ROUTE

TOPOGRAPHY Proposed filtering wetland edge, maximize the time that water flows through soil.

Cont o

ur

Existing water edge, without any biological value

-5

0

5

10 15 20

25 30

ne

ction li

u Constr

e

Sur fac

Section series

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 14

TOPOGRAPHY

CONSTRUCTION

CIRCULATION ROUTE

PLANTING STRUCTURE Trees

space

SHELTERBELT

s

Inner

Shrub

N

s

iphyte

n E ope OcPe ACE spa SP

Inner space

Amph

Herbs

GREEN BORDER WINDOW FOR TRAIN TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 15

TOPOGRAPHY

PLANTING STRUCTURE

CIRCULATION ROUTE CONSTRUCTION

SECONDARY CONSTRUCTION Lookout tower

SECONDARY CONSTRUCTION Lookout platform

TERTIARY CONSTRUCTION Shelter seat

PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION Visitor centre

TERTIARY CONSTRUCTION Birdhide

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 16

TOPOGRAPHY

PLANTING STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION CIRCULATION ROUTE

14 Rider Jogger Family time Dog walker

Dunbar

Demonstration of water purification Lookout tower 5

MAIN PATH Connect surroundings and highlights

6

LOCAL PEOPLE

Lookout platform

4

Lawn

Forest trail

Dunbar Camping and Caravanning Site

7 Weir

8

School trip 13

SCHOOL COMMUNITIES

Dunbar Golf Club

Lakefront Lookout platform

3 Carpark

SSSI RSPB

OBSERVERS RESEARCHERS

Lookout platform Board walk

1 Visitor centre

9

15 16 Birdhide

2

Island 17

12

White Sands Bay

Broxmouth Park Wetland

Shelter seats

10 FOOTPATH Connect recreation areas

Flower field

11

BOARD WLAK Get closer to nature

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 17

D E V E L O P M E N T

Considering the ecosystem and the soil condition of this site, it is necessary to set a long-term phasing strategy, which can help to improve the complexity and the resilience of ecosystem and also maximize the biodiversity to thrive.

0

5

ECOSYSTEM | WETLAND FOOD WEB AND PLANTS

TO R C

Primary Predators

L AT F O P T

WOODLAND

GRASSLAND

RM

Herbivores

O KO U O L

O

Secondary Predators

KO U T P

TF OR M LA

TRE

LO

IS I

EN

V

Tertiary Predators

WETLAND

LAKE Trees

Shrubs

Herbs

Acer pseudoplatanus

Fraxinus excelsior

Phormium

Hebe

Alnus gltinosa

Quercus robur

Fuchsia magellanica

Lavandula

Crataegus monogyna

Pinus radiata

Olearia × haastii

Brachyglottis 'Sunshine'

Centranthus ruber

Eryngium speices

Osteospermum

Amphiphytes

Crambe maritima

Cortaderia selloana

Elymus hispidus

Sedum

Festuca glauca

Miscanthus sinensis

Armeria maritima

Helictotrichon sempervirens

WETLAND

WOODLAND

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 19

BIRD RESOURCES | SEASONAL HIGHLIGHTS

SPRING At this time of year, geese and swan head back home to their northern breeding grounds and pairing up to breed.

Vanellus vanellus

Lapwing

Anser brachyrhynchus

Pink-footed goose

Haematopus ostralegus

Oystercatcher

Cygnus olor

Mute Swan

SUMMER At this time of year, birds fish from the lake and start to neat, duck is one of the highlights.

Tringa totanus

Redshank

Anser anser

Greylag Goose

Aythya fuligula

Tufted Duck

Tadorna tadorna

Shelduck

AUTUMN At this time of year, pink-footed geese, duck and swan seaplane down on the lake, fresh in from Iceland.

Numenius arquata

Curlew

Anser brachyrhynchus

Pink-footed goose

Cygnus cygnus

Whooper swan

Vanellus vanellus

Lapwing

WINTER As the last season, geese become one of the winter's highlights, as well as flocks of garden bird and swan.

Carduelis carduelis

Goldfinch

Cygnus cygnus

Whooper swan

Anser canadensis

Canada goose

Anser anser

Greylag Goose

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 20

ECOSYSTEM | PLANTING AND PHASING STRATEGIES

0 year

5 year

15 year

30 year

50 year

WETLAND ESTABLISHMENT CONSTRUCTION SOIL BUILDING AFFORESTATION SILVICULTURE PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

PHASE 4

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 21

E X P E R I E N C E 0

6

The visualizations of this site show the aims of my design and the expected activities. The mountain and other distant landscapes are brought into the site, most of the working quarry are covered by green border. People can enjoy their family time with blue sky and some birds, enjoy the folding landscape with wildflowers and butterflies, and can get closer to water, nature and wildlife.

D

GR

AS

S

ND

AN

These var ious visual exper iences allow users to explore and discover ‘m o m e n t s’ i n t h i s l a n d s c a p e t h a t c a n b e a t t i m e s p l a y f u l , d r a m a t i c a n d p e a ce f u l, b u t at a l l t i m e s co n n e c te d to t h e n at u re a n d w i l d l i fe.

SH

E

RS

WE

E LT

TL

T

ER W TO

LA

LOO KO U

SECTION | VISUAL EXPERIENCE AND ATMOSPHERE

AND

LOOKO

W DL

UT

P

EATS

M

OO

FOR T LA

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 23

VISUALIZATION | BEFORE AND AFTER

BEFORE - GRASSLAND - AFTER B E F O R E - W E T L A N D - A F T E R BEFORE - WOODLAND - AFTER

Enjoy your family time with the blue sky and some birds; Enjoy the folding landscpae with wildflowers and butterflies.

Get close to water and wildlife, here is everything a b o u t w te l a n d ; M a r s h l a n d a n d d y n a m i c water edge create a better habitat for birds.

Here is the best place for local people to re l a x a n d re c re a te ; I t i s a n i d e a l n a t u re reserve area for researchers and observers.

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 24

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Includes group fieldworks, inspiring projects and researchs, drafts and other relevant materials.

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GROUP FIELDWORK | SITE VISIT

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 26

GROUP FIELDWORK | CONTEXT (KAIXIN CHEN)

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 27

GROUP FIELDWORK | CLIMATIC CONDITIONS (STINA SKJERDAL)

ER EMB DEC

JANU ARY

Overcast/ sunny days

N

Partly overcast

February

Y AR U

NO VE

Overcast

January Overcast/ sunny days

FE BR

R BE M

Overcast Sunny Partly overcast

January March February April March May

Temperatur

May July Temperatur June August 17-19°C

5-7°C

CH MAR

8-10°C

OCTO BER

14-16°C 11-13°C

Sunny

April June

17-19°C

July Sebtember

14-16°C

August October 11-13°C Sebtember November 8-10°C October December

November 5-7°C Precipitation

W

December

E

Windspeed/day

65-69 mm

Precipitation

45-49 mm

BER TEM SEP

50-54 mm

February

APRI L

55-59 mm

>3 mph

January

65-69 mm Windspeed/day

60-64 mm

>7 mph

60-64 mm

>3 >12mph mph

55-59 mm February April

>7 >17mph mph

March 50-54 mm May

>12 >24 mph mph

April June 45-49 mm

>17 >31 mph mph

January March

>24 >38 mph mph >31 mph

May July 40-44 mm June August

40-44 mm

>38 mph

July Sebtember

䰀漀眀攀爀 氀愀欀攀

M

ST U

August October Sebtember November October December

AY

AU G

November December

S E JUN

JULY SW

唀瀀瀀攀爀 氀愀欀攀

NE

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 28

GROUP FIELDWORK | LANDSCAPE+SCALE (LISA FONTANEL)

SITE BOANDARY

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

LANDSCAPE SECTIONS

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 29

GROUP FIELDWORK | HUMAN ACTIVITIES (YIHAN ZHENG)

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 30

GROUP FIELDWORK | BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS (TIANYI JIANG)

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 31

GROUP FIELDWORK | BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS (TIANYI JIANG)

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 32

GROUP FIELDWORK | TRANSECTS (ALEX PUGH)

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 33

INSPIRATION | FIELD TRIP

TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 34

INSPIRATION | PROJECTS

T h e

M e t r o - F o r e s t

P r o j e c t

b y

L A B A S L A

|

B e n d w a y

P a r k

b y

E r i c

A r n e s o n

ASLA | Reclaiming the Shoreline-Redefining Indiana's Lake Michigan Coast ASLA | Amphibious Culture: Harmonizing Between Life and Seasonally Flooded Forest

S e v e n L o c h s W e t l a n d P a r k b y C o l l e c t i v e A r c h i t e c t u r e , A E C O M Sydney Park Water Re-Use Project by Turf Design Studio & Environmental Partnership

Baton Rouge Lakes: Restoring a Louisiana Landmark from Ecological to Cultural by SWA Group W a s i t N a t u r a l R e s e r v e V i s i t o r C e n t r e b y X A r c h i t e c t TIANYI JIANG S1611796 | 35

INSPIRATION | RESEARCHS AND DATA RESOURCES O P E N D A T A R E S O U R C E S D ATA . G O V. U K - O p e n i n g u p G o v e r n m e n t N B N A t l a s S c o t l a n d

R E L E V A N T R E S E A R C H S D i s t u r b a n ce d i s t a n ce s i n s e l e c te d b i rd s p e c i e s Effects of disturbance on shorebirds Whooper Swanin Britain and Ireland Waterfowl management handbook Impacts caused by the disturbance of birds by visitors

WATERFOWL MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK

A Review of Disturbance Distances in Selected Bird Species

Whooper Swan

Cygnus cygnus

13.1.2 Life History Traits and Management of the Gadwall

(Iceland population) in Britain and Ireland 1960/61 – 1999/2000 M. Ruddock & D.P. Whitfield Eileen C Rees4

James K. Ringelman Colorado Division of Wildlife 317 West Prospect Road Fort Collins, CO 80526

with contributions from Peter Akers, John Bowler, Andrew Bramhall, Ivan Brockway, Paul Brooks, Allan Brown, Lyndesay Brown, David Butterfield, Colin Butters, Graham Catley, Robert Coleman, Paul Collin, John Doherty, Jenny Earle, Peter Ellis, Ian Enlander, Rick Goater, Richard Hesketh, Paul Hollinlake, John Kemp, Charlie Kitchin, Stan Laybourne, Charlie Liggett, Jane MacGregor, Jim Martin, Carl Mitchell, Gerry Murphy, Malcolm Ogilvie, Craig Ralston, Ralph Sheppard, John Small, Chris Spray, Bob Swann, Chris Tomlinson, George White, Jim Wilson, Val Wilson, Steven Wiseman, Alyn Walsh and Jim Wells

A report from Natural Research (Projects) Ltd to Scottish Natural Heritage

Species Profile—Gadwall

The gadwall is widely distributed throughout the western two-thirds of North America. Although its primary breeding habitat is in the droughtprone and degraded waterfowl habitats of the northern Great Plains, its continental population has remained relatively stable while those of most other dabbling ducks have declined. Some unique life history traits may in part be responsible for the resilience of gadwall populations. These unique attributes, which are important for gadwall management, are the subject of this leaflet. Readers interested in general references on gadwall biology and natural history are referred to Bellrose (1980) or Palmer (1976).

1

The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Glos GL2 7BT, UK

2

BirdWatch Ireland, Ruttledge House, 8 Longford Place, Monkstown, Dublin, Ireland

3

Irish Whooper Swan Study Group, 100 Strangford Road, Downpatrick, Co. Down BT30 7JD, UK 4

The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Martin Mere, Burscough, Lancs L40 0TA, UK

Distribution Gadwall breeding populations reach their highest densities in the mixed-grass prairies of the northern Great Plains and the intermountain valleys of the western United States (Fig. 1). The parklands and shortgrass prairies contain relatively fewer breeding birds. Some portions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Alaskan coasts also have important breeding populations.

The primary migration corridor for gadwalls originates in the prairies and extends through the low plains region of the United States, including Nebraska, Kansas, eastern Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, and into Mexico. Secondary mi-

2007

Waterbird Review Series

Scientific name: Anas strepera Weight in pounds (grams): Adults—male 2.1 (953), female 1.8 (835) Immatures—male 1.9 (858), female 1.7 (776) Age at first breeding: 1 or 2 years Clutch size: 10, range 5 to 13 Incubation period: 25 days Age at fledging: 48−52 days Nest sites: Tall, dense herbaceous vegetation or small shrubs within 1,000 feet of water, often near the site used the previous year Food habits: Herbivorous, except during spring when some aquatic invertebrates are consumed

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gration routes link the prairies with the Pacific Northwest, northern and central California, and northern Utah. From Utah, birds migrate to wintering areas in central and southern California and Mexico. Gadwall also migrate along diagonal routes from the Great Plains to the central and southern Atlantic coast.

Major wintering areas include coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas, south along the east coast of Mexico to the Yucatan Peninsula; the central and southern Atlantic coast; the Central Valley of California; and much of the west coast of Mexico.

Population Status and Harvest Despite drought and widespread waterfowl habitat destruction in the 1970’s and 1980’s, the size of the gadwall population in North America has re-

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ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱ Ȭȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ

ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 

ȱ

ȱ Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13.1.2. • 1990

Themes from Birds of Conservation Concern 4

The abundant corals in the limestones indicate that they lived in tropical, warm, shallow, clear seawater. However rivers were flowing from the mountains to the north; they brought mud and sand to silt up the shallow sea and reclaim the land, producing muddy coastal swamps and deltas with low-lying sandbanks and river channels.

Eventually this new land was colonised by lycopod forests (similar to mangrove swamps in the world today).

Later, the land would subside once more or global sealevel would rise, drowning the forest and starting a new sediment cycle.

Trace fossil: Rhizocorallium (burrow) – left of pen

Trace fossil: Thalassinoides (burrow)

The sea level changes were caused by subsidence of this area and changing global sea-levels due to ice ages.

The rocks are over 320 million years old (the Carboniferous Period) and were laid down as soft sediment when Scotland was located just south of the Equator, and the climate was tropical, both hot and wet.

Sea level kept rising and falling, so that at times this area was under shallow sea water, and at other times it was a flat coastal plain.

Body fossil: Crinoid Parazeacrinites sea lily

Trace fossil: Zoophycos (burrow)

From McAdam & Stone, 1997, East Lothian and the Borders: A landscape fashioned by geology

Body fossil: Colonial coral Siphonodendron This short walk along the shore from White Sands to the Barns Ness lighthouse allows you to discover the most extensive limestone outcrops in central Scotland. There are also other sedimentary rocks including sandstone, mudstone and coal, and plenty of fossils.

What’s so special about Barns Ness?

Lothian and Borders RIGS Group

c A net increase in the Green list of 14 species is also good news, a consequence of the eight species moving to Amber or Red being outnumbered by 22 species moving from Amber to Green. Nine of the moves to Green were due to changes in the assessment process, but 13 were genuine improvements in status.

Barns Ness is a great place to find fossils, the remains of the life that thrived in tropical seas 320 million years ago.

Barns Ness Fossils

Body fossil: Solitary coral At Barns Ness you can see body fossils - the remains of the actual animal or plant, and trace fossils which are the remains of the burrows or trails left by an animal.

Mapwork based on Ordnance Survey Licence number 10003582

Local Geodiversity Site

c

Also: McAdam, AD & Stone, P, 1997, East Lothian and the Borders: A landscape fashioned by geology, Scottish Natural Heritage.

c

labrigs@bgs.ac.uk www.edinburghgeolsoc.org Want to know more?

There are two books that describe Barns Ness in more detail.

McAdam, AD & Clarkson, ENK(1996) Lothian Geology Scottish Academic Press, ISBN 0-7073-0385-0.

Clarkson, Euan & Upton, Brian (2006), Edinburgh Rock: the geology of Lothian Dunedin Academic Press, ISBN 1-903765-39-0

c

© 2010 Lothian & Borders RIGS Group

c

Produced by the Lothian and Borders RIGS Group of the Edinburgh Geological Society, a charity registered in Scotland Charity No: SC008011

The full details of this assessment can be found in Eaton MA, Aebischer NJ, Brown AF, Hearn RD, Lock L, Musgrove AJ, Noble DG, Stroud DA and Gregory RD (2015) Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. British Birds 108, 708–746. Available online at britishbirds. co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/BoCC4.pdf

Designed by Derek Munn

Partners:

Barns Ness is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and hammering is not encouraged. The Scottish Fossil Code provides detailed advice on best practice in the collection, identification, conservation and storage of fossil specimens found in Scotland. You can find out more at www.snh.org.uk/fossilcode/

Text and images: Mike Browne, Andrew McLeish and Angus Miller

c

Safety and conservation This is a rocky shore with low cliffs, and there is the risk of tripping, slipping or falling. It is best to plan your visit to avoid high tide, when it is possible to walk eastwards from the car park from the oldest to the youngest rocks following the Barns Ness Geological Time Trail. Information Boards are located at several points along the trail but the Limekiln is currently in poor state of repair, fenced off and its geological treasures currently not accessible.

Geological Walk

c

Image reproduced with permission of Ordnance Survey and Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland.Licence number 100033582.

Fossils

Why do geological sites need looking after?

Geology has great influence on everyday life. Soils and rocks provide essential water and raw materials. Demand is continually increasing for land for housing, commerce, waste disposal, recreation etc. This can lead to the destruction, damage or burial of important geological features.

c

Local Geodiversity Sites are indicated to the local council and in this area sites are designated by Lothian and Borders RIGS Group, which is a committee of the Edinburgh Geological Society.

Barns Ness

c

Local Geodiversity Sites (previously known as RIGS) are important local sites that have been identified by a local volunteer group as having significant value for educational and tourist information, academic research, for the history of science or for their aesthetic appearance. They might be a landscape feature, or particularly interesting rocks, or a good example of the local rock types.

c

What are Local Geodiversity Sites?

The RSPB is a registered charity in England & Wales 207076, in Scotland SC037654.

Cover photo: curlew by Andrew Parkinson (rspb-images.com). 332-0425-15-16

How to get there

Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds

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Birds of Conservation Concern 4 has placed more species onto the Red list than ever before.

Three species have moved to the list of former breeders.

The wryneck is the first once-widespread species to have been lost as a breeding bird from the UK in nearly 200 years.

Farmland birds are still a major concern. Twelve farmland species remain on the Red list and some, such as the turtle dove, are continuing to decline alarmingly.

There are more birds of woodland on the Red list than of any other habitat. The woodcock, nightingale and pied flycatcher are the latest additions.

The largest growth in the Red list was in upland species, with five new species including the curlew and dotterel.

There is cause for concern for our breeding seabirds with the addition of puffin, kittiwake and shag to the Red list. In global terms they are amongst the UK’s most important birdlife.

The number of long-distance migrants on the Red list, particularly those that winter in sub-Saharan Africa and more specifically in the humid tropics, continues to grow.

Whinchat and pied flycatcher joined the cuckoo and wood warbler on the Red list.

Climate change may be having a negative impact upon some of our Red-listed birds, disrupting marine food chains for seabirds, moving the suitable climate space for northern breeders out of the UK, and affecting migrants throughout their flyways.

There is some cause for hope, as the review demonstrates that conservation can work if properly targeted and funded.

Two species, the bittern and nightjar, have moved from Red to Amber thanks to the creation and management of suitable habitat, stimulated by species action plans.

MANAGEMENT PLAN for SKYLARK

(Alauda arvensis) 2007 –2009

Endorsed by:

Technical Report - 006 - 2007

Barns Ness is located 4 km east of Dunbar, next to White Sands. From the A1 turn onto the A1087 at the Cement Works junction east of Dunbar, go past the entrance to the Cement Works and turn right on to a minor road after 400 m, signposted for the Caravan Site. Follow this road down to the beach. There’s plenty of parking and toilets.

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Scotland’s Biodiversity a Route Map to 2020

c c c Birds of Conservation Concern

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Edinburgh local biodiversity action plan, 2010-2015 Eco-revelatory design : Nature constructed/nature revealed Urban habitats (Habitat guides) Wetlands, industry & wildlife : A manual of principles and practices Practical conservation : Urban habitats

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James A Robinson1, Kendrew Colhoun2, J Graham McElwaine3 &

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Mississippi floods : Designing a shifting landscape M a n a g e m e n t p l a n f o r s k y l a r k geology rigsleaflet-barnsness Birds of conser vation concern Scotland's biodiversity : a route map to 2020

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